SPECIFICATION FOR PIPING FITTINGS OF

WROUGHT CARBON STEEL AND ALLOY STEEL

FOR MODERATE AND HIGH-TEMPERATURE
SERVICE
01 SA-234/SA-234M

(Identical with ASTM Specification A 234/A 234M-97.)

1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents

1.1 This specification covers wrought carbon steel and 2.1 ASTM Standards:
alloy steel fittings of seamless and welded construction A 216/A 216M Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon,
covered by the latest revision of ANSI B16.9, ANSI Suitable for Fusion Welding, for High-Temperature
B16.11, ANSI B16.28, MSS SP-79, and MSS SP-95. Service
These fittings are for use in pressure piping and in A 217/A 217M Specification for Steel Castings, Marten-
pressure vessel fabrication for service at moderate and sitic Stainless and Alloy, for Pressure-Containing Parts
elevated temperatures. Fittings differing from these Suitable for High-Temperature Service
ANSI and MSS standards shall be furnished in accord- A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Test-
ance with Supplementary Requirement S9. ing of Steel Products
A 751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for
1.2 Optional supplementary requirements are provided Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
for fittings where a greater degree of examination is E 165 Test Method for Liquid Penetrant Examination
desired. When desired, one or more of these supplemen- E 709 Guide for Magnetic Particle Examination
tary requirements may be specified in the order.

1.3 This specification does not cover cast welding 2.2 ANSI Standards:
fittings or fittings machined from castings. Cast steel B16.9 Steel Butt-Welding Fittings
welding fittings are governed by Specifications A 216/ B16.11 Forged Steel Fittings, Socket Welding and
A 216M and A 217/A 217M. Threaded
B16.28 Wrought Steel Butt-Welding Short Radius El-
1.4 This specification is expressed in both inch- bows and Returns
pound units and in SI units. However, unless the order
specifies the applicable “M” specification designation 2.3 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code:
(SI units), the material shall be furnished to inch-
Section V Nondestructive Examination
pound units.
Section VIII, Division 1, Pressure Vessels
1.5 The values stated in either inch-pound units or Section IX Welding Qualifications
SI units are to be regarded separately as standard.
Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The 2.4 MSS Standards:
values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; MSS SP-25 Standard Marking System for Valves, Fit-
therefore, each system must be used independently of tings, Flanges, and Unions
the other. Combining values from the two systems may MSS SP-79 Socket Welding Reducer Inserts
result in nonconformance with the specification. MSS SP-95 Swage(d) Nipples and Bull Plugs

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2.5 ASNT Standard: rolling, bending, fusion welding, machining, or by a

SNT-TC-1A(1984) Recommended Practice for Nonde- combination of two or more of these operations. The
structive Testing Personnel Qualification and Certifi- forming procedure shall be so applied that it will not
cation produce injurious imperfections in the fittings.
5.2 Fittings machined from bar shall be restricted
to NPS 4 or smaller. Elbows, return bends, tees, and
3. Ordering Information header tees shall not be machined directly from bar
3.1 It is the purchaser’s responsibility to specify in stock.
the purchase order all ordering information necessary NOTE 1 — Fittings NPS-4 and under may be machined from hot-
to purchase the needed material. Examples of such forged or rolled, cold-sized, and straightened bar stock having the
information include, but are not limited to, the following: chemical composition of the Grade in Table 1 and the mechanical
properties of the Grade in Table 2. Heat treatment shall be in
3.1.1 Quantity, accordance with Section 6. All caps machined from bar stock shall
be examined by liquid penetrant or magnetic particle in accordance
3.1.2 Description of fitting and nominal dimensions with S3 or S4.
(standard or special), 5.3 All welds including welds in tubular products
3.1.3 Steel composition by grade and class desig- from which fittings are made shall be (1) made by
nation, welders, welding operators, and welding procedures
qualified under the provisions of ASME Section IX,
3.1.4 Construction, seamless or welded (unless (2) heat treated in accordance with Section 6 of this
seamless or welded construction is specified by the specification, and (3) radiographically examined
purchaser either may be furnished at the option of the throughout the entire length of each weld in accordance
supplier), with Article 2, ASME Section V with acceptance limits
in accordance with Paragraph UW-51 of ASME Section
3.1.5 Specification number (the year date should
VIII, Division 1 of the ASME Boiler and Pressure
be included),
Vessel Code. In place of radiographic examination,
3.1.6 Supplementary requirements, and welds may be ultrasonically examined in accordance
with Appendix 12 of Section VIII. The NDE of welds
3.1.7 Additional requirements, if any (see 4.1, 6.5,
in Grades WPB, WPC, WP1, WP11 Class 1, WP11
14.2, and 16.1).
Class 2, WP11 Class 3, WP12 Class 1, WP12 Class
2, and WPR may be performed either prior to or after
forming. NDE of welds in Grades WP5, WP9, WP91,
4. Materials WP22 Class 1, and WP22 Class 3 shall be done after
4.1 The material for fittings shall consist of killed forming.
steel, forgings, bars, plates, seamless or fusion-welded 5.4 Personnel performing NDE examinations shall
tubular products with filler metal added and shall con- be qualified in accordance with SNT-TC-1A.
form to the chemical requirements of Table 1. Unless
otherwise specified for carbon steel plates, the steel 5.5 The welded joints of the fittings shall be finished
may be made to either coarse grain or fine grain in accordance with the requirements of Paragraph UW-
practice. 35(a) of ASME Section VIII, Division 1.

4.2 A starting material specification that specifically 5.6 All butt-weld tees manufactured by cold-forming
requires the addition of any element beyond those listed method(s) shall be liquid penetrant or magnetic particle
for the materials in Tables 1 and 2 for the applicable examined by one of the methods specified in Supplemen-
grade of material is not permitted. This does not tary Requirement S3 or S4. This examination shall be
preclude the use of deoxidizers or the judicious use performed after final heat treat. Only the side wall area
of elements for grain size control. of the tees need be examined. This area is defined by
a circle that covers the area from the weld bevel of
the branch outlet to the center line of the body or run.
Internal and external surfaces shall be examined when
5. Manufacture
size permits accessibility. No cracks shall be permitted.
5.1 Forging or shaping operations may be performed Other imperfections shall be treated in accordance with
by hammering, pressing, piercing, extruding, upsetting, Section 12 on Surface Quality. After the removal of

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any crack, the tee(s) shall be re-examined by the original normalized and tempered. Hot-forged fittings NPS 4
method. Acceptable tees shall be marked with the or smaller need not be heat treated.
symbol PT or MT, as applicable, to indicate compliance.
6.2.3 WPB, WPC, and WPR fittings produced by
locally heating a portion of the fitting stock to any
6. Heat Treatment temperature for forming shall be subsequently annealed,
normalized, or normalized and tempered. Fittings such
6.1 Heat Treatment Procedures — Fittings, after as elbows, tees, header tees, reducers and lap joint
forming at an elevated temperature, shall be cooled to stub ends, NPS 12 and under, shall not require heat
a temperature below the critical range under suitable treatment after forming a locally heated portion of the
conditions to prevent injuries by too rapid cooling, but fitting.
in no case more rapidly than the cooling rate in still
air. Heat-treated fittings shall be treated according to 6.2.4 Cold-formed WPB, WPC, and WPR fittings,
the following procedures: upon which the final forming operation is completed
NOTE 2 — Heat treatment temperatures specified are metal (part)
at a temperature below 1150°F [620°C], shall be normal-
temperatures. ized, or shall be stress relieved at 1100 to 1275°F [595
to 690°C].
6.1.1 Full Annealing — Fittings shall be uniformly
reheated to a temperature above the transformation 6.2.5 WPB, WPC, and WPR fittings produced by
range and after being held for a sufficient time at this fusion welding and having a nominal wall thickness
temperature, cooled slowly to a temperature below the at the welded joint of 3⁄4 in. [19 mm] or greater shall
transformation range. be post-weld heat treated at 1100 to 1250°F [595 to
675°C], or in accordance with 6.2.6.
6.1.2 Isothermal Annealing — Isothermal annealing
as applied to fittings shall involve austenitizing a ferrous 6.2.6 At the option of the manufacturer, WPB and
alloy and then cooling to and holding within the range WPC fittings produced by any of the methods in Section
of temperature at which the austenite transforms to a 5 may be annealed, normalized, or normalized and
relatively soft ferrite-carbide aggregate. tempered.
6.1.3 Normalizing — Fittings shall be uniformly 6.3 Fittings Other than WPB, WPC, and WPR:
reheated to a temperature above the transformation range
6.3.1 Fittings of Grades WP1, WP11 Class 1,
and subsequently cooled in air at room temperature.
WP11 Class 2, WP11 Class 3, WP12 Class 1, WP12
6.1.4 Tempering and Post-Weld Heat Treatment — Class 2, WP22 Class 1, WP22 Class 3, WP5, and
Fittings shall be reheated to the prescribed temperature WP9 shall be furnished in the full-annealed, isothermal-
below the transformation range, held at temperature for annealed, or normalized and tempered condition. If
the greater of 1⁄2 h or 1 h/in. [2.4 min/mm] of thickness normalized and tempered, the tempering temperature
at the thickest section and cooled in the furnace or in for WP11 Class 1, WP11 Class 2, WP11 Class 3,
still air. WP12 Class 1, and WP12 Class 2 shall not be less
than 1150°F [620°C]; for Grades WP5, WP9, WP22
6.1.5 Stress Relieving — Fittings shall be uniformly
Class 1, and WP22 Class 3 the tempering temperature
heated; temperature shall not vary by more than ±25°F
shall not be less than 1250°F [675°C].
[±14°C] from the selected stress relieving temperature.
6.2 WPB, WPC, and WPR Fittings: 6.3.2 Fittings of Grades WP1, WP12 Class 1, or
6.2.1 Hot-formed WPB, WPC, and WPR fittings WP12 Class 2 either hot formed or cold formed may
upon which the final forming operation is completed be given a final heat treatment at 1200°F [650°C]
at a temperature above 1150°F [620°C] and below instead of the heat treatment specified in 6.3.1.
1800°F [980°C] need not be heat treated provided they
6.3.3 Fittings in all thicknesses produced by fusion
are cooled in still air. If the manufacturer elects to
welding after the heat treatment specified in 6.3.1 shall
heat treat such fittings, it shall be by one of the
be post-weld heat treated at a temperature not less than
procedures defined in 6.1 through 6.1.4.
prescribed above for tempering except that Grade WP1
6.2.2 Hot-formed or forged WPB, WPC, and WPR is required to be post-weld heat treated only when the
fittings finished at temperature in excess of 1800°F nominal wall thickness at the welded joint is 1⁄2 in.
[980°C] shall subsequently be annealed, normalized, or [13 mm] or greater.

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6.3.4 Except when Supplementary Requirement 8. Tensile Requirements

S12 is specified by the purchaser, Grade WP91 shall be
8.1 The tensile properties of the fitting material shall
normalized at 1900°F [1040°C] minimum, and 2000°F
conform to the requirements listed in Table 2. The
[1095°C] maximum, and tempered at 1350°F [730°C]
testing shall be performed in accordance with Test
minimum as a final heat treatment.
Methods and Definitions A 370.
6.4 WPB and WPC Fittings Made from Bar — Cold-
finished bars reduced in cross-sectional area more than 8.1.1 Specimens cut either longitudinally or trans-
10% by cold drawing or cold rolling are not acceptable versely shall be acceptable for the tension test.
for use in the manufacture of these fittings unless the
8.1.2 While Table 2 specifies elongation require-
bars have been either stress relieved in the temperature
ments for both longitudinal and transverse specimens,
range of 1100 to 1250°F [595 to 675°C], normalized,
it is not the intent that both requirements apply simulta-
normalized and tempered, or fully annealed. Mechanical
neously. Instead, it is intended that only the elongation
testing must be performed subsequent to the final heat-
requirement that is appropriate for the specimen used
treating operation.
be applicable.
6.5 Liquid quenching followed by tempering shall
be permitted for all grades when approved by the 8.2 One tension test shall be made on each heat of
purchaser. Minimum tempering temperature shall be material and in the same condition of heat treatment
1100°F [595°C] for WPB, WPC, and WPR, 1150°F as the finished fittings it represents. The sample thick-
[620°C] for Grades WP1, WP11 Class 1, WP11 Class ness shall not vary more than 1⁄4 in. [6 mm] from the
2, WP11 Class 3, WP12 Class 1, and WP12 Class 2 fitting wall thickness it represents.
and 1250°F [675°C] for Grades WP5, WP9, WP22
8.3 When cold-formed fittings are furnished, samples
Class 1, and WP22 Class 3, and 1350°F [730°C] for
of the raw material shall be normalized or stress relieved
Grade WP91.
as required in 6.2.4. Tension tests conducted on these
heat-treated samples shall be considered to be the tensile
properties of the cold-formed fittings.
7. Chemical Composition
7.1 The chemical composition of each cast or heat 8.4 Records of the tension tests shall be certification
used shall be determined and shall conform to the that the material of the fitting meets the tensile require-
requirements of the chemical composition for the respec- ments of this specification provided the heat treatments
tive materials listed in Table 1. The ranges as shown are the same. If the raw material was not tested, or
have been expanded to include variations of the chemical the fitting is not in the same condition of heat treatment,
analysis requirements that are listed in the various the fitting manufacturer shall perform the required test
specifications for the starting materials (pipe, tube, plate, on material representative of the finished fitting from
bar, and forgings) normally used in the manufacturing each heat of starting material.
of fittings to this specification. Test Methods, Practices,
and Terminology A 751 shall apply.
7.2 The steel shall not contain any unspecified ele- 9. Hardness
ments for the ordered grade to the extent that it conforms
to the requirements of another grade for which that 9.1 Fittings shall be capable of meeting the following
element is a specified element having a required mini- hardness requirements, if tested:
mum content.
9.1.1 Fittings of Grades WP5, WP9, and WPR —
7.3 Weld metal used in the construction of carbon- 217 HB maximum.
steel fittings shall be mild steel analysis No. A1 of
Table QW-442, Section IX of the ASME Boiler and 9.1.2 Fittings of Grade WP91 — 248 HB
Pressure Vessel Code; No. A2 may be used for Grade maximum.
WPCW.
9.1.3 Fittings of all other grades — 197 HB
7.4 The molybdenum and chromium content of the maximum.
deposited weld metal of alloy steel fittings shall be
within the same percentage range as permitted for the 9.2 When actual hardness testing of the fittings is
base metal. required, see Supplementary Requirement S8.

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10. Hydrostatic Tests nominal wall thickness at any point, the fitting shall
be subject to rejection or to repair as provided in
10.1 Hydrostatic testing is not required by this speci-
Section 13.
fication.
10.2 All fittings shall be capable of withstanding
without failure, leakage, or impairment of their service- 13. Repair by Welding
ability, a hydrostatic test pressure equal to that pre-
13.1 The fittings manufacturer may weld repair fit-
scribed for the specified matching pipe of equivalent
tings, subject to the approval of the purchaser, provided
material.
the composition of the welding material is suitable for
the composition of the metal being welded. Repair by
welding shall not be permitted when the depth of
11. Dimensions the discontinuity exceeds 331⁄3% of the nominal wall
11.1 Butt-welding fittings and butt-welding short thickness or the length exceeds 25% of the nominal
radius elbows and returns purchased in accordance with diameter of the fittings. Discontinuities shall be com-
this specification shall conform to the dimensions and pletely removed before welding. All welds shall be made
tolerances given in the latest revision of ANSI B16.9 and by welders, welding operators, and welding procedures
B16.28, respectively. Steel socket-welding and threaded qualified under the provisions of ASME Section IX
fittings purchased in accordance with this specification and heat treated after welding in accordance with
shall conform to the sizes, shapes, dimensions, and Section 6.
tolerances specified in the latest revision of ANSI
B16.11 or MSS SP-79.
14. Inspection
11.2 Fittings of size or shape differing from these
standards, but meeting all other requirements of this 14.1 The manufacturer shall afford the purchaser’s
specification may be furnished in accordance with Sup- inspector all reasonable facilities necessary to satisfy
plementary Requirement S9. him that the material is being furnished in accordance
with this specification. Inspection by the purchaser shall
not interfere unnecessarily with the manufacturer, unless
12. Surface Quality otherwise agreed to.

12.1 Fittings supplied under this specification shall 14.2 Other tests, when required by agreement, shall
be examined visually. Selected typical surface disconti- be made from material of the lots covered in the order.
nuities shall be explored for depth. The fittings shall
be free of surface discontinuities that penetrate more
than 5% of the specified nominal wall thickness, except 15. Rejection and Rehearing
as defined in 12.3 and 12.4, and shall have a workman- 15.1 Material that fails to conform to the requirements
like finish. of this specification may be rejected. Rejection should
12.2 Surface discontinuities deeper than 5% of the be reported to the producer or supplier promptly in
specified nominal wall thickness, except as defined in writing. In case of dissatisfaction with the results of
12.3 and 12.4, shall be removed by the manufacturer the tests, the producer or supplier may make claim for
by machining or grinding to sound metal, and the a rehearing.
repaired areas shall be well faired. The wall thickness 15.2 Fittings that develop defects in shopworking or
at all points shall be at least 871⁄2% of the specified application operations may be rejected. Upon rejection,
nominal wall thickness, and the diameters at all points the manufacturer shall be notified promptly in writing.
shall be within the specified limits.
12.3 Surface checks (fish scale) deeper than 1⁄64 in.
16. Certification
[0.4 mm] shall be removed.
16.1 When requested by the purchaser, the manufac-
12.4 Mechanical marks deeper than 1⁄16 [1.6 mm]
turer shall provide a certificate of compliance to this
shall be removed.
specification. In addition, if requested to provide test
12.5 When the removal of a surface discontinuity reports, the manufacturer shall also provide the follow-
reduces the wall thickness below 871⁄2% of the specified ing where applicable.

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16.1.1 Chemical analysis results, Section 7 (Table 17. Product Marking

1). When the amount of an element is less than
17.1 All fittings shall have the prescribed information
0.02%, the analysis for that element may be reported
stamped or otherwise suitably marked on each fitting
as “<0.02%.”
in accordance with the Standard Marking System for
Valves, Fittings, Flanges and Unions (MSS SP-25, latest
16.1.2 Tensile property results, Section 8 (Table edition).
2), report the yield strength and ultimate strength in
ksi [MPa] and elongation in percent, 17.2 The prescribed information for butt-welding
fittings shall be: The manufacturer’s name or trademark
(see Note 3), schedule number or nominal wall thickness
16.1.3 Hardness acceptable in accordance with designation, size, fitting designation in accordance with
Section 9, Annex A1 and the heat number or the manufacturer’s
heat identification.
16.1.4 Type heat treatment, if any, Section 6,
NOTE 3 — For purposes of identification marking, the manufacturer
16.1.5 Seamless or welded, is considered the organization that certifies the piping component
complies with this specification.

16.1.6 Starting material, specifically pipe, plate, 17.3 The prescribed information for threaded or
etc., socket-welding fittings shall be: The manufacturer’s
name or trademark (see Note 3), pressure class or
16.1.7 Statement regarding radiographic or ultra- schedule number and fitting designation in accordance
sonic examination, 5.3, and with Annex A1, and the heat number or the manufactur-
er’s heat identification.
16.1.8 Any supplemental testing required by the 17.4 Specification number, year of issue and revision
purchase order. letter are not required to be marked on fittings.
17.5 Bar Coding — In addition to the requirements
16.2 Letters of compliance and test reports shall in 17.1, 17.2, 17.3, and 17.4, bar coding is acceptable
state the specification number, year of issue, revision as a supplemental identification method. The purchaser
letter (if any), grade and class of the fittings. may specify in the order a specific bar coding system
to be used. The bar coding system, if applied at the
16.3 A Material Test Report, Certificate of Inspection, discretion of the supplier, should be consistent with
or similar document printed from or used in electronic one of the published industry standards for bar coding.
form from an electronic data interchange (EDI) transmis- If used on small fittings, the bar code may be applied
sion shall be regarded as having the same validity as to the box or a substantially applied tag.
a counterpart printed in the certifier’s facility. The
content of the EDI transmitted document must meet
the requirements of the invoked ASTM standard(s) and
18. Keywords
conform to any existing EDI agreement between the
purchaser and the supplier. Notwithstanding the absence 18.1 pipe fittings – steel; piping applications; pressure-
of a signature, the organization submitting the EDI containing parts; pressure vessel service; temperature
transmission is responsible for the content of the report. service applications – elevated

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TABLE 1
CHEMICAL REQUIREMENTS
NOTE 1 — All requirements are maximum unless otherwise indicated.
NOTE 2 — Where an ellipsis (. . .) appears in this table, there is no requirement.
Composition, %

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Grade and
Marking Phosphorus,
Symbol A Carbon Manganese max Sulfur, max Silicon Chromium Molybdenum Nickel Copper Others
B,C,D,E,F
WPB 0.30 max 0.29–1.06 0.050 0.058 0.10 min 0.40 max 0.15 max 0.40 max 0.40 max Vanadium 0.08 max

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WPCC,D,E,F 0.35 max 0.29–1.06 0.050 0.058 0.10 min 0.40 max 0.15 max 0.40 max 0.40 max Columbium 0.02 max
WP1 0.28 max 0.30–0.90 0.045 0.045 0.10–0.50 ... 0.44–0.65 ... ... ...
WP12 CL1, 0.05–0.20 0.30–0.80 0.045 0.045 0.60 max 0.80–1.25 0.44–0.65 ... ... ...
WP12 CL2
WP11 CL1 0.05–0.15 0.30–0.60 0.030 0.030 0.50–1.00 1.00–1.50 0.44–0.65 ... ... ...
WP11 CL2, 0.05–0.20 0.30–0.80 0.040 0.040 0.50–1.00 1.00–1.50 0.44–0.65 ... ... ...

382
WP11 CL3
WP22 CL1, 0.05–0.15 0.30–0.60 0.040 0.040 0.50 max 1.90–2.60 0.87–1.13 ... ... ...
WP22 CL3
2001 SECTION II

WP5 0.15 max 0.30–0.60 0.040 0.030 0.50 max 4.0–6.0 0.44–0.65 ... ... ...
WP9 0.15 max 0.30–0.60 0.030 0.030 0.25–1.00 8.0–10.0 0.90–1.10 ... ... ...
WPR 0.20 max 0.40–1.06 0.045 0.050 ... ... ... 1.60–2.24 0.75–1.25 ...
WP91 0.08–0.12 0.30–0.60 0.020 0.010 0.20–0.50 8.0–9.5 0.85–1.05 0.40 max ... Vanadium 0.18–0.25
Columbium 0.06–0.10
Nitrogen 0.03–0.07
Aluminum 0.04 max
A
When fittings are of welded construction, the grade and marking symbol shown above shall be supplemented by letter ‘‘W’’.
B
Fittings made from bar or plate may have 0.35 max carbon.
C
Fittings made from forgings may have 0.35 max carbon and 0.35 max silicon with no minimum.
D
For each reduction of 0.01% below the specified carbon maximum, an increase of 0.06% manganese above the specified maximum will be permitted, up to a maximum of 1.35%.
E
The sum of Copper, Nickel, Chromium, and Molybdenum shall not exceed 1.00%.
F
The sum of Chromium and Molybdenum shall not exceed 0.32%.
 PART A — FERROUS MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS SA-234/SA-234M

TABLE 2
TENSILE REQUIREMENTS
NOTE — Where an ellipsis (. . .) appears in this table, there is no requirement.
WPC, WP11 CL1,
Grade and Marking WP11 CL2, WP22 CL1, WP11 CL3,
Symbol WPB WP12 CL2 WP1 WP5, WP9 WPR WP22 CL3 WP91 WP12 CL1
Tensile strength, range 60–85 70–95 55–80 60–85 63–88 75–100 85–110 60–85
ksi [MPa] [415–585] [485–655] [380–550] [415–585] [435–605] [520–690] [585–760] [415–585]
Yield strength, min, ksi 35 [240] 40 [275] 30 [205] 30 [205] 46 [315] 45 [310] 60 [415] 32 [220]
[MPa] (0.2% offset
or 0.5% extension-
under-load)
Elongation Requirements

Grades

All Grades except WPR

and WP91 WPR WP91

Longitudinal Transverse Longitudinal Transverse Longitudinal Transverse

Elongation:
Standard round specimen, or small 22 14 20 ... 20 ...
proportional specimen, min % in 4 D
Rectangular specimen for wall thickness 30 20 A 28 ... ... ...
5
⁄16 in. [7.94 mm] and over, and for
all small sizes tested in full section;
min % in 2 in. [50 mm]
B B B
Rectangular specimen for wall thickness ... ... ...
less than 5⁄16 in. [7.94 mm]; min % in
2 in. [50 mm] (1⁄2 in. [12.7 mm] wide
specimen)
A
WPB and WPC fittings manufactured from plate shall have a minimum elongation of 17%.
B
For each 1⁄32 in. [0.79 mm] decrease in wall thickness below 5⁄16 in. [7.94 mm], a deduction of 1.5% for longitudinal and 1.0% for transverse
from the values shown above is permitted. The following table gives the minimum value for various wall thicknesses.

Wall Thickness Grades

All Grades except WPR WPR

in. [mm] Longitudinal Transverse Longitudinal Transverse

5
⁄16 (0.312) 7.94 30.0 20.0 28.0 . . .
9
⁄32 (0.281) 7.14 28.5 19.0 26.5 . . .
1
⁄4 (0.250) 6.35 27.0 18.0 25.0 . . .
7
⁄32 (0.219) 5.56 25.5 ... 23.5 . . .
3
⁄16 (0.188) 4.76 24.0 ... 22.0 . . .
5
⁄32 (0.156) 3.97 22.5 ... 20.5 . . .
1
⁄18 (0.125) 3.17 21.0 ... 19.0 . . .
3
⁄32 (0.094) 2.38 19.5 ... 17.5 . . .
1
⁄16 (0.062) 1.59 18.0 ... 16.0 . . .
NOTE — This table gives the computed minimum % elongation value for each 1⁄32 in. [0.79 mm] decrease in wall thickness. Where the wall
thickness lies between two values above, the minimum elongation value is determined by the following equations:
Direction of Test Equation
Longitudinal E p 48 t + 15.00
Transverse E p 32 t + 10.00

where:
E p elongation in 2 in. or [50 mm], %, and,
t p actual thickness of specimen, in. [mm].

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SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS

These requirements shall not be considered unless specified in the order, in which
event, the supplementary requirements specified shall be made at the place of
manufacture, unless otherwise agreed upon, at the purchaser’s expense. The test
specified shall be witnessed by the purchaser’s inspector before shipment of material,
if so specified in the order.

S1. Product Analysis S3. Liquid Penetrant Examination

S1.1 A product analysis shall be made from each S3.1 All surfaces shall be liquid penetrant examined
heat of base metal and, if of welded construction, from in accordance with Test Method E 165. Acceptance
each lot number of welding material of the fittings limits shall be specified by the purchaser. Personnel
offered for delivery. The analysis shall conform to the performing the examination shall be qualified in accord-
requirements specified in Section 7. (See Note S1.1.) ance with SNT-TC-1A.

NOTE S1.1 — If the results of any of the tests specified in S1 or

S2 do not conform to the requirements, retests may be made at the
manufacturer’s expense on additional fittings or representative test S4. Magnetic-Particle Examination
pieces of double the original number from the same heat or lot as
defined in S1 or S2, each of which shall conform to the requirements S4.1 All accessible surfaces shall be magnetic particle
specified.
examined in accordance with Guide E 709. Acceptance
limits shall be specified by the purchaser. Personnel
performing the examination shall be qualified in accord-
ance with SNT-TC-1A.
S2. Tension Test
S2.1 One tension test shall be made on one fitting
or representative test piece (see Note S2.1) per lot (see
S5. Hydrostatic Test
Note S3.1) of fittings. If the fittings are of welded
construction, the tension specimen shall include the S5.1 A hydrostatic test shall be applied as agreed
weld and shall be prepared so that the weld is at the upon between the manufacturer and purchaser.
midlength location of the specimen. However, in no
case shall the tensile properties of the finished fittings
be less than the requirements listed in Table 2. (See
Note S1.1.) S6. Bar Stock Fittings
S6.1 Bar stock fittings shall not be permitted.
NOTE S2.1 — Representative Test Piece: Where the test specimen
for the tension test cannot be taken from a fitting due to size
limitations, a representative test piece shall be obtained. The test
piece shall be from the same heat and heat treated in the same batch
or charge as the fittings it represents and shall have approximately the S7. Special Heat Treatment
same amount of working. In addition, test pieces representing fittings
manufactured from bars, plate, or forgings shall have a cross section S7.1 A special heat treatment shall be applied as
equal to the greatest cross section of the fitting; and test pieces agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser
representing fittings manufactured from pipe shall have a wall thick-
ness equal to those of the fitting. The test piece for fittings of (Section 6).
welded construction shall be prepared to the same weld procedures
and from the same heats of material as the fittings it represents.

NOTE S3.1 — A lot shall consist of all fittings of the same type, S8. Hardness Test
size, and wall thickness, manufactured from one heat of material
(and, if welding is performed, using one lot number of electrodes S8.1 If actual hardness testing of the fittings is
or one heat of weld wire and one lot number of flux), heat treated required, the frequency and the method used shall be
in either a continuous or batch-type furnace controlled within a range
±25°F [±14°C] and equipped with recording pyrometers so that as agreed upon between the manufacturer and the
complete records of heat treatment are available. purchaser.

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 PART A — FERROUS MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS SA-234/SA-234M

S9. Special Fittings by the purchaser, less than 1350°F [730°C]. It shall
be the purchaser’s responsibility to subsequently temper
S9.1 Partial compliance fittings of size or shape not
the entire fitting at 1350°F [730°C] minimum. All
conforming to the dimensional requirements of ANSI
mechanical tests shall be made on material heat treated
B16.9, B16.11, B16.28, MSS SP-79, and MSS SP-95
in accordance with 6.3.3. The certification shall refer-
shall meet all other requirements of this specification.
ence this supplementary requirement indicating the ac-
In addition to the marking required by Section 17, the
tual tempering temperature applied. The notation “S12”
grade designation symbol shall be followed by the
shall be included with the required marking of the
symbol “S9.”
fitting.

S10. Heat Treatment of Concentric Reducers

S13. Phosphorous and Sulphur Content
S10.1 Concentric reducers formed by local heating
S13.1 The phosphorous and sulphur contents of the
of the fitting shall subsequently be annealed, normalized,
fittings shall not exceed 0.025%.
or normalized and tempered.

S14. Restricted Vanadium Content

S11. Marking Small Fittings
S14.1 The vanadium content of the fittings shall not
S11.1 For small products where the space for marking
exceed 0.03%.
is less than 1 in. [25 mm] in any direction, test reports
are mandatory and marking may be restricted to only
such symbols or codes as are necessary to identify the
S15. Carbon Equivalent
parts with test reports.
S15.1 For grades WPB and WPC, the maximum
S11.2 When the configuration or size does not permit
carbon equivalent (C.E.), based on heat analysis and
marking directly on the fitting, the marking method
the following formula, shall be 0.50.
shall be a matter of agreement between the manufacturer
and the purchaser.
Mn Cr + Mo + V Ni + Cu
C.E. p C + + +
6 5 15

S12. Alternative Heat Treatment — Grade WP91 S15.2 A lower maximum carbon equivalent may be
agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier.
S12.1 Grade WP91 shall be normalized in accordance
with 6.3.3 and tempered at a temperature, to be specified S15.3 The C.E. shall be reported on the test report.

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 SA-234/SA-234M 2001 SECTION II

ANNEX
(Mandatory Information)

A1. FITTING DESIGNATION FOR MARKING

PURPOSES

TABLE A1.1
FITTING DESIGNATION FOR MARKING PURPOSES
Grade Class Construction Mandatory Marking

WPB W (Welded construction) WPBWA

S (Seamless construction) WPB
WPC W (Welded construction) WPCWA
S (Seamless construction) WPC
WP1 W (Welded construction) WP1WA
S (Seamless construction) WP1
WP12 CL1 W (Welded construction) WP12 CL1WA
S (Seamless construction) WP12 CL1
CL2 W (Welded construction) WP12 CL2WA
S (Seamless construction) WP12 CL2
WP11 CL1 W (Welded construction) WP11 CL1WA
S (Seamless construction) WP11 C1
CL2 W (Welded construction) WP11 CL2WA
S (Seamless construction) WP11 CL2
CL3 W (Welded construction) WP11 CL3WA
S (Seamless construction) WP11 CL3
WP22 CL1 W (Welded construction) WP22 CL1WA
S (Seamless construction) WP22 CL1
CL2 W (Welded construction) WP22 CL2WA
S (Seamless construction) WP22 CL2
WP5 W (Welded construction) WP5WA
S (Seamless construction) WP5
WP9 W (Welded construction) WP9WA
S (Seamless construction) WP9
WPR W (Welded construction) WP9WA
S (Seamless construction) WP9
WP91 W (Welded construction) WP91WA
S (Seamless construction) WP91
A
Add “U” to marking if welds are Ultrasonic inspected in lieu of radiography.

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