IEEE 1547 Interconnection Standards

IEEE Std 1547 (2003)

IEEE Standard for Interconnecting Distributed
Resources With the Electric Power System
IEEE PES Meeting
June 9, 2004

Tom Basso
Secretary: IEEE SCC21, Std 1547, P1547.2 & P1547.3 & P1547.4;
IEC TC8 US Technical Advisory Group;
NREL Distribution and Interconnection R & D
Distributed Energy and Electric Reliability Program
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Golden, Colorado

1
 Outline

¾ Background: Distributed Energy Resources (DER or DR)

¾ Introduction: Standards & Technology Development.
¾ IEEE SCC21: Standards Coordinating Committee 21
¾ IEEE 1547 Series of Interconnection Stds
- ANSI/IEEE Std 1547 (2003): interconnection system & interconnection test
requirements for interconnecting DR with Electric Power Systems (EPS)
- P1547.1 standard for interconnection test procedures
- P1547.2 guide to 1547 standard
- P1547.3 guide for information exchange for DR interconnected with EPS
- P1547.4 guide for DR island systems
¾ Moving Forward

2
 Summary Remarks
• Standards Are Being Developed and Validated In a
Timely, Ongoing and Cohesive Manner.
• Standards Are Promoting Advanced Technology
Development That Is Successfully Incorporating Next
Generation Standardized Functionalities.
• Standardization Is Enhancing Systems Integration of
Sound Distributed Energy Resources With The Grid That
Are Contributing To Modernizing Our Electric Infrastructure.

3
 Transmission and
Distribution System
Bulk Power

Substations
Distribution
Systems

Transmission System
sensors

Load
Communications – Information Flow, Data Management, Management
Monitor & Control
Interconnection

Combined Heat
Distributed
& Power
Generation

4
sensors
 What is a DER ?

DER* is defined as a small-scale electric

generator located next to and connected to the
load being served either with or without an
electric grid interconnection

* sometimes referred to as a DG (distributed generator)

5
 DER Technology Portfolio
Examples

Reciprocating Engines Fuel Cells

Advanced Turbines

Photovoltaics
Thermally Activated Microturbines
Wind Technologies 6
 DER Grid Interconnection

Potential Consumer Benefits Potential Supplier Benefits

• Clean energy • Reduced electric line loss
• Lower cost electricity • Reduced T&D congestion
• Reduced price volatility • Grid investment deferment and
improved grid asset utilization
• Greater reliability and power
quality • Improved grid reliability
• Energy and load management • Ancillary services, e.g., voltage
• Combined Heat and Power support and stability, VARs,
contingency reserves, and
black start capability
ÎGreater flexibility and energy securityÍ
Proven
Proventechnologies,
technologies,customer
customerchoice,
choice,open
openmarket
marketaccess,
access,and
and
easy
easyinterconnection
interconnectionare
arerequired
requiredto
toachieve
achievethese
thesebenefits
benefits 7
Standards & Technology Standardization

Standards Development and Validation

¾ Safeguards against hazards
¾ Fostering quality design and manufacture
¾ Increased competitiveness in industry
¾ Create and expand markets
¾ Facilitate Trade and Commerce
¾ Assurance is provided when products meet quality
standards, then users need not be concerned with
further testing or evaluation of the product 8
 IEEE Interconnection Standards
• American National Standard IEEE1547 Published 2003
• Developed by IEEE Standards Coordinating Committee 21
(IEEE SCC21)
• SCC21 developing 1547 Series of Interconnection Standards
• SCC 21 responsible for standards development in areas of
– Fuel cells
– Photovoltaics
– Dispersed generation
– Energy storage
• 400 SCC21 work group members (all work groups)

9
 IEEE Standards Coordinating Committee 21
(SCC21) ‘Fuel Cells, Photovoltaics, Dispersed
Generation, and Energy Storage’
Oversees the development of standards in the areas of
Fuel Cells, Photovoltaics, Dispersed Generation, and
Energy Storage, and coordinates efforts in these fields
among the various IEEE Societies and other affected
organizations to ensure that all standards are
consistent and properly reflect the views of all
applicable disciplines.
IEEE SCC21reviews all proposed IEEE standards in
these fields before their submission to the IEEE-SA
Standards Board for approval and coordinates
submission to other organizations.
10
 IEEE SCC21 Approach
• National consensus standards established via industry driven
partnerships under IEEE SCC21; SCC21 also provides liaison
activities.
• Harmonization of national and international standards, codes,
and certification/laboratory accreditation
- International Electro-technical Commission (IEC) dual logo
arrangement for IEC to adopt IEEE standards for electronics,
telecom, and power generation.
- IEC Technical Committee 8 (electrical systems) scope and
purpose was reformulated spring 2003.

11
IEC TC8 System Aspects for Electrical Energy Supply
(International Electro-technical Commission Technical Committee 8)
TC8 Scope – To prepare the necessary standards framework and co-ordinate the
development, in co-operation with other TC/SCs, of the international standards
needed to facilitate the functioning of electricity supply systems in open markets.
(former scope – standardize voltages, current ratings, and frequencies).

TC8 Focus Areas – electrical system adequacy (availability of supply), connection

practices, operations, network responsibility, Measurement and monitoring, data
exchange, communication, security, terminology.

Interface with other TC’ s ( 1,9,13,17,22,28,57,64,65,73,77,82,88,95,99,105), and

SC17C, SC77, ACENELEC, CIGRE, CIRED EURELECTRIC, IEEE, IEEJ, NERC,
ORGAIM, NAESB, etc.

USNC–TC8 TAG (Technical Advisory Group) Administrator - NREL designated as

TAG Administrator for the USNC TAG for IEC/TC-8

USTAG TC8 Membership:

established Feb 2004; Technical Advisors T. Basso and J. Koepfinger

12
 American National Standard
ANSI/IEEE 1547 Std

Æ IEEE Std 1547 (2003) published summer 2003 Å

• Affirmative IEEE Ballot February 2003
- Voting Membership
¾ 230 members (31% general interest, 4% government,
30% producer, 35% user)
¾ 91% affirmatives
- 444 Work Group and Ballot Group Members at time of ballot

• Approved by IEEE Standards Board June 12, 2003

• American National Standard designation

(ANSI/IEEE Std 1547 - October 20, 2003)
13
 IEEE SCC21 1547 Standard &
series of interconnection projects
IEEE Std 1547TM (2003) Standard for Interconnecting
Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems
Guide for Networks Guide for Impacts

P1547.3 P1547.4 Draft Guide for

Draft Guide for Monitoring, Design, Operation, and
Information Exchange and Guide Integration of Distributed
Control of DR For Resource Island Systems with
Interconnected with EPS Electric Power Systems
Interconnection
System Certification
P1547.2 P1547.1
Draft Application Draft Standard for
Guide for IEEE Conformance Test
P1547 Draft Procedures for
Standard for Equipment
Interconnecting Interconnecting
Distributed Distributed
Resources with Resources with
Electric Power DP Specifications and Performance Electric Power 14
Systems (includes modeling) Systems
 IEEE 1547 Interconnection Standard & Projects
Title Scope & Purpose
TM
IEEE Std 1547 (2003) • This Standard establishes criteria and requirements
Standard for for interconnection of distributed resources (DR) with
Interconnecting electric power systems (EPS).
Distributed Resources • This document provides a uniform standard for
with Electric Power interconnection of distributed resources with electric
Systems power systems. It provides requirements relevant to the
(published June 2003) performance, operation, testing, safety considerations,
and maintenance of the interconnection.
P1547.1 Draft Standard • This Standard specifies the type, production, and
for Conformance Test commissioning tests that shall be performed to
Procedures for demonstrate that interconnection functions and
Equipment equipment of a distributed resource (DR) conform to
Interconnecting IEEE Std 1547.
Distributed Resources • Interconnection equipment that connects distributed
with Electric Power resources (DR) to an electric power system (EPS) must
Systems meet the requirements specified in IEEE Standard
P1547. Standardized test procedures are necessary to
establish and verify compliance with those
requirements. These test procedures must provide both
repeatable results, independent of test location, and
flexibility to accommodate a variety of DR technologies. 15
 IEEE 1547 Interconnection Projects
Title Scope and Purpose
P1547.2 Draft • This Guide provides technical background and application details
Application Guide to support the understanding of IEEE 1547 Standard for
for IEEE Standard Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems.
1547 for • This document facilitates the use of IEEE 1547 by characterizing
the various forms of distributed resource technologies and the
Interconnecting
associated interconnection issues. Additionally, the background
Distributed and rationale of the technical requirements are discussed in terms
Resources with of the operation of the distributed resource interconnection with the
Electric Power electric power system. Presented in the document are technical
Systems descriptions and schematics, applications guidance and
interconnection examples to enhance the use of IEEE 1547.
P1547.3: Draft • This document provides guidelines for monitoring, information
Guide for exchange, and control for distributed resources (DR) interconnected
Monitoring, with electric power systems (EPS).
Information • This document facilitates the interoperability of one or more
distributed resources interconnected with electric power systems. It
Exchange and
describes functionality, parameters and methodologies for
Control of monitoring, information exchange and control for the interconnected
Distributed distributed resources with, or associated with, electric power
Resources systems. Distributed resources include systems in the areas of fuel
Interconnected cells, photovoltaics, wind turbines, microturbines, other distributed
with Electric Power generators, and, distributed energy storage systems. 16

Systems
 IEEE 1547 Interconnection Projects
Title Scope and Purpose
P1547.4 Draft • This document provides alternative approaches and good
Guide for Design, practices for the design, operation, and integration of
Operation, and distributed resource (DR) island systems with electric power
Integration of systems (EPS). This includes the ability to separate from
Distributed and reconnect to part of the area EPS while providing power
Resource Island to the islanded local EPSs. This guide includes the
Systems with distributed resources, interconnection systems, and
Electric Power participating electric power systems.
Systems • This guide is intended to be used by EPS designers,
operators, system integrators, and equipment
manufacturers. The document is intended to provide an
introduction, overview and address engineering concerns of
DR island systems. It is relevant to the design, operation,
and integration of DR island systems. Implementation of this
guide will expand the benefits of using DR by targeting
improved electric power system reliability and build upon the
interconnection requirements of IEEE 1547.

17
Std 1547: Interconnection Is The Focus

Area
Distributed Interconnection Electric
Resource Power
(DR) System System
unit (EPS)

Interconnection system requirements and specifications

and test requirements and specifications 18
 P1547.1 Std Development
IEEE P1547.1 test standard for 1547 -- plan ballot ready draft 2004; this
standard specifies the type, production, and commissioning tests that shall be
performed to demonstrate that interconnection functions and equipment of a
distributed resource (DR) conform to IEEE Std 1547.

Interconnection System (ICS)

Energy System Control

Conversion (Output Levels, Start/Stop, etc.)
(Inverter ,
Converter)
Distributed
Area EPS
Resource Electrical Protection or
(DR) (abnormal protection)
(Internal Combustion, Local EPS
Photovoltaics, Wind, Fuel Cell, Generator
Turbine, Storage, etc.) (Induction,
Synchronous) Steady-State Control
(V, I, VAR, pf)

Figure 1. Definition of the installation and its content. (P1547.1 Draft 4 4/04) 19
 P1547.2 Draft Development
IEEE P1547.2 application guide to 1547 is being developed; “guide” offers
alternate approaches – e.g., practical applications guidance, tips,
techniques and rules of thumb for applying IEEE 1547 to specific
interconnection situations on specific utility distribution feeders. Industry
identified this as critically important practical companion to 1547.

Example of an alternate
approach to 1547 requirements.

(Graphic From "Universal

Interconnection Technology
(UIT) Workshop Proceedings”
NREL/BK-560-32865.)

20
 P1547.3 Draft Development
P1547.3 guide to information exchange, monitoring and control for DR is being
developed; “guide” offers alternate approaches – e.g., power industry
communications guidance for specific cases of DR interconnection situations.

DR Aggregator DR Operator

Distr. Sys. Operator Point of Common DR Maintainer

Coupling (PCC)

Point of Load
Connection
Point of DR
Connection … DR
DR
Unit DR Building
Unit Controller Load
DR EMS
Unit
Matter of Packaging

Legend Local EPS

Interconnection Info Path (in scope)
Local Info Path (out of scope) Figure 1: Information Exchange Reference 21
Electric Path (out of scope)
Diagram (P1547.3 Draft 11/03)
P1547.4 Guide for Design, Operation, and Integration
of DR Island Systems with Electric Power Systems
-- Work Group Inaugural Meeting Aug 5-6, 2004 --
Background: Operating Concepts for the
Distribution System
Util Load
• Radial Distribution System: The most common
type of connection between utility and load. Power
only flows from utility to load.
• Microgrid or Intentional Island: Aggregation of
loads and sources capable of operating either in Gen
parallel with or to end users. Depending on
configuration, power flows only within microgrid or Util Load
can export power to utility.
Independent from a larger electric grid, while
providing continuous power.
Gen
• Networked Distribution System w/ 2-way power
flow: Distribution in which the secondaries of the
Util Load
distribution transformers are connected in a grid,
typically energized at the customers’ utilization 22
voltage, to serve multiple loads.
 IEEE Std 1547 Contents
INTRODUCTION
1.0 OVERVIEW
2.0 REFERENCES
3.0 DEFINITIONS
4.0 INTERCONNECTION TECHNICAL
SPECIFICATIONS AND REQUIREMENTS
5.0 INTERCONNECTION TEST SPECIFICATIONS
AND REQUIREMENTS
Annex A : Bibliography
23
IEEE 1547 Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION
1.0 OVERVIEW
1.1 Scope
1.2 Purpose – Uniform standard
requirements
1.3 Limitations – 10 MVA or less
2.0 REFERENCES
3.0 DEFINITIONS
24
 • A Technical Standard –
Functional Requirements For
• the interconnection itself
IEEE 1547 • the interconnection test

IS: • Technology neutral, e.g., does not specify any

particular equipment nor equipment type
• A single (whole) document of mandatory,
uniform, universal, requirements
• Should be sufficient for most installations

• a design handbook
• an application guide
IEEE 1547 • an interconnection
agreement
Is NOT: • prescriptive, e.g., does not
address DR self-protection, nor
planning, designing, operating,
or maintaining the Area EPS. 25
IEEE 1547 Interconnection

26
IEEE 1547 Interconnection

27
 IEEE 1547 Interconnection Definitions
• Distributed generator (DG) –electric generation facilities connected to an
Area EPS through a PCC; a subset of DR.
• Distributed resources (DR) – sources of electric power that are not directly
connected to a bulk power transmission system. DR includes both
generator and energy storage technologies.
• Electric power system (EPS) – facilities that deliver power to a load.
• Area EPS – an EPS that serves local EPSs.
• Local EPS – an EPS entirely within a single premises or a group of
premises.
• Interconnection – the result of the process of adding a DR unit to an area
EPS
• Interconnection equipment – individual or multiple devices used in an
interconnection system
• Interconnection system – the collection of all interconnection equipment,
taken as a group, used to interconnect a DR unit(s) to an area EPS
• Point of common coupling (PCC) – the point where a local EPS is
connected to the Area EPS.
• Pont of DR connection – the point where a DR unit is electrically
connected in an EPS. 28
1547 Interconnection Terms
Area Electric Power System (EPS)

Point of Common
PCC PCC
Coupling (PCC)

Point of DR
Connection Point of DR
Connection

Load DR unit DR unit Load

Local EPS 1 Local EPS 2 Local EPS 3

Note: There can be any number of Local EPSs.
29
Std 1547: Interconnection Is The Focus

Area
Distributed Interconnection Electric
Resource Power
(DR) System System
unit (EPS)

30
4.0 INTERCONNECTION TECHNICAL
SPECIFICATIONS AND REQUIREMENTS
4.1 General Requirements
– Voltage Regulation – Inadvertent Energizing
– Integration with Area of the Area EPS
EPS Grounding – Monitoring Provisions
– Synchronization – Isolation Device
– DR on Secondary Grid – Interconnect Integrity
and Spot Networks

31
4.0 Interconnection Technical Specifications and Requirements (cont’d)

4.2 Response to Area EPS Abnormal

Conditions
– Area EPS Faults – Frequency
– AREA EPS Reclosing – Loss of
Coordination Synchronism
– Voltage – Reconnection to Area
EPS

32
4.0 Interconnection Technical Specifications and Requirements (concluded)

4.3 Power Quality

– Limitation of DC Injection
– Limitation of Voltage Flicker Induced by
the DR
– Harmonics

4.4 Islanding
– Unintentional Islanding
– Intentional Islanding

33
5.0 INTERCONNECTION TEST
SPECIFICATIONS AND REQUIREMENTS

5.1 Design Test

– Abnormal voltage – Unintentional islanding
and frequency – Limitation of DC
– Synchronization injection
– Interconnection – Harmonics
integrity

34
5.0 INTERCONNECTION TEST SPECIFICATIONS AND REQUIREMENTS
(cont’d)

5.2 Production Tests

– Meet requirements of:
• response to abnormal voltage and
frequency
• synchronization
• may be performed at the factory or at
time of commissioning

5.3 Interconnection Installation Evaluation

– Grounding Integration with area EPS
– Isolation Device
– Monitoring provisions
– Area EPS faults
– Area EPS reclosing coordination 35
5.0 INTERCONNECTION TEST SPECIFICATIONS AND REQUIREMENTS
(concluded)
5.4 Commissioning Tests
• Visual Inspection
• Operability test on the isolation device
• Unintentional islanding functionality test
• Cease to energize functionality test

5.5 Periodic Interconnection Tests

• All interconnection-related protective
functions and associated batteries

Annex A. Bibliography
36
 Application of 1547 (e.g, P1547.2)
• “Prime mover” traditionally performs fuel/primary-input
energy conversion, e.g., recip engine, fuel cell, PV panel
Prime mover characteristics have had limited interaction
effects on utility grid; they drive the electric generators:
(synchronous, induction, or inverter–based).
• DG-grid interface is via “power conversion” devices and,
relaying and switching protective devices/schemes.
Power conversion characteristics largely contribute to DG-
grid interaction effects; relaying, switching and protection
devices/schemes largely contribute to DG-grid
coordination/operation interactions,
• Equipment technologies/approaches often combine above
differentiations of technical functionalities.
Std 1547 functional technical requirements remain valid.
37
 E.g., Interconnection System Functional Block Diagram
AC Loads DC Loads

Interconnection System
Power
(within dot-dash lines) Distribution

on
m
m
in Co

er
et
DER

pl of
Transfer

M
g
DER Local EPS

ou t
(prime

C oin
Power Switch or

P
movers, Electric Protective
energy Conversion Paralleling
Generator Relaying
storage)) Switchgear

Area EPS
Protective
DER
DER Dispatch Relaying
monitoring/
control metering and control
Area EPS
Power Flow Power
Communications System
(grid)

The interconnection system (within the dotted line) is designed to handle the power between
and serve as the communication and control gateway among the DER, the Area EPS and the
customer loads. Workshops with industry provided a forum for furthering this activity and
several manufacturers are working on developing and validating standardized, advanced,
universal interconnection technologies [NREL/SR-560-32459].
38
 Synchronous Machines
• Synchronous DG similar to large utility generation
• Runs at a constant speed in synch with grid
• Subject to dynamic angle swings following
disturbances
– Can go unstable, pull out of synch for long fault
or weak system connection
• Provides substantial short-circuit current
contribution e.g., 5x - 6x rating

Most larger DERs today use

conventional synchronous
machine technology
39
 Induction Machines

• Similar to induction motor, turned faster than

synchronous speed (7200rpm / number of poles)
• Variable speed operation, over a limited range
• Requires a source of reactive power

MOTOR POWER
POWER

IN
0
TYPICAL INDUCTION POWER
GENERATOR OUT
OPERATING POINT GENERATOR

SPEED

40
 System Commutated Inverter
C

+
DC A
B A
Source C

-
B

• Requires system with external source

– short-circuit strength
– reactive power demand
• Sensitive to voltage dips and glitches
• Produces substantial current harmonics
– square-wave-like current
– often needs harmonic filters
• Low cost, low loss 41
 Voltage Source Inverter

+
DC 1-ph ac
Source

0 60 120 180 240 300 360

Degrees Current
• Uses pulse-width modulation Inverter Voltage

• 1-ph or 3-ph
• Can operate isolated
• Can produce or consume reactive power
• Lower total harmonic distortion
– at higher frequency, easier to filter
– distortion depends on design 42
 Comparison of “Converters”

Synchronous Induction Line-Comm. VSI

Short Circuit 5-6 x rated, 5-6 x rated No ≈ load current

Current indefinitely few cycles
Reactive Supply or Absorb Absorb Supply or
Power absorb absorb
Stand-alone Yes Once started, No Yes (control
operation with VARs mode shift)
Requires Yes, carefully No Inherent Inherent
synching
Stability Electro- No Control Control
issue? mechanical
Harmonics Small Small Significant, Moderate, at
producer? need filters high freq.

43
Application of 1547: DR-Grid Interconnection

• Short circuit contribution

• Protection coordination
• Voltage regulation
• Unintentional islanding
• Grounding and overvoltages
• Network issues
--------- ------------------ -------------------
Interconnection issues are real and resolvable:
e.g., specific to: equipment, design, location,
application, etc.

44
 Distribution Protection/Coordination

• Philosophies vary from utility to utility

– Fuse Saving Schemes
– Fuse Blowing Schemes
– Instantaneous Reclose
– Delayed Reclose

• No “Absolute” Solutions

• Recognize the Potential Misapplication

45
 Nuisance Fuse Operations

DG
• Increased fault current blows
fuse before breaker opens
• current continues after
breaker opens

• Fuse blows for main feeder

fault DG

46
 DG & System Protection

• Traditional “radial” thinking

• Fault current magnitudes
• Fault current directions
• Fuses
• Reclosers

47
 Recloser and Line Fuse Located
Down-line from DG

IUS IR
F1
S
DG IDG
IF = 1470 A
Without DG: IF = IUS = IR X
IF = 1825 A
With DG: IF = IUS + IDG
and
IR = IF IF = phase-to-ground without DG

but
IF = phase-to-ground with DG
IR ≠ IUS

48
 Current in Amperes : x 1 at 12.5 kV.
1000

Fuse Minimum Melt

100
Curve

10
d
S i iT

Recloser Fast Curve

0.1

IF without DG IF with DG
0.01
0.5 1 10 100 1000 10000

T IME CURRENT CHARACT ERIST IC CURVES

BY:
NO:
PLOT T ING VOLT AGE: 12.5 kV DAT E:

Time-current curves of recloser and fuse.

49
 Voltage Regulation Issues

w/o DG
Range A

with DG

DG

Range A

VR

DG
50
 Moving Forward:
Some Key 1547 Standards Issues (Research Activities)
• Develop interconnection technology (hardware)
• Address field testing vs. type testing
• Interconnection equipment certification
• Evaluate secondary grid and spot networks
• Develop grid/DG monitoring and control
• Understand voltage regulation/stability
• Address grounding/faults
• Establish basis for DG penetration/aggregation
• Develop islanding methods and requirements
51
 Moving Forward: Grid Modernization & 1547 Activities
Validation of, and Research on Integration of DR with
Advanced Distribution Operating Concepts:
• IEEE 1547 covers Unintentional Islanding, Intentional Islanding,
Secondary Networks, and Spot Networks.
• The current version of IEEE 1547 minimizes the utilization of
distributed resources in the event of system disturbances.
• Research on the system integration of DR with all types of
distribution operational concepts is necessary to revise IEEE 1547 to
maximize the use of DR and realize the potential operational benefits
at the transmission and distribution level.
• E.g., P1547.4 Guide for DR Island Systems -- Work Group
inaugural meeting August 5 – 6, 2004.
52
Distributed Energy Interconnection Electric Power
Resources Technologies Systems

Utility
Functions Grid
Fuel Cell
PV •Power Conversion
•Power Conditioning (PQ)
Inverter
•Protection
Utility Grid Simulator
•DER and Load Control Micro Grids
Microturbine
Wind
•Ancillary Services Loads
Energy
Storage •Communications Local Loads
•Metering Load Simulators

Switchgear, Relays,
& Controls
53
Generator
 Closing Remarks
¾ Industry driven partnerships a success for 1547
stakeholders.
¾DOE and NREL support -- facilitating and leading IEEE
industry driven efforts.
¾ IEEE 1547 American National Standard Published
(order at 800-678-4333, or http://shop.ieee.org/store/ search 1547)

¾1547 Series of Standards Development

Next meeting August 3-6, 2004
- P1547.1 standard for interconnection test procedures
- P1547.2 guide to 1547 standard
- P1547.3 guide for information exchange for DR
interconnected with EPS
- P1547.4 guide for DR island systems
54
 Contact & Resource Information
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
1617 Cole Blvd. MS1614, Golden, CO 80401-3393
• Tom Basso Phone 303-275-3753 – Email thomas_basso@nrel.gov
• Ben Kroposki Phone 303-275-2979 – Email ben_kroposki@nrel.gov
• Dick DeBlasio Email deblasid@tcplink.nrel.gov
• NREL publications http://www.nrel.gov/publications or
http://www.osti.gov/bridge (for help Amy_Vaughn@nrel.gov)

IEEE 1547 Standards Development

• IEEE SCC21 http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/scc21/dr_shared/
• IEEE Std 1547 (2003) Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources With
Electric Power Systems http://standards.ieee.org/

55
 Resource Information:
Basso, T.S. and DeBlasio, R. "IEEE P1547 Series of Standards for
Interconnection: Preprint for IEEE Power Engineering Society
Transmission and Distribution 2003 Conference and Exhibition"
NREL/CP-560-34003. Golden, CO: NREL, May 2003.
Basso T.S. and DeBlasio, R. “IEEE 1547 Series of Standards:
Interconnection Issues.” NREL Report No. 34882. September 2003.
Kroposki, B., Basso, T. and DeBlasio, R. “Interconnection Testing of
Distributed Resources” Preprint for 2004 PES General Meeting, June
2004, NREL/CP-560-35569. Golden, CO: NREL.
NREL/SR-560-32459 Distributed Energy Resources Interconnection
Systems: Technology Review and Research
NREL/BK-560-32865 Universal Interconnection Technology Workshop
Proceedings

56