MMA

01. Which welding process is considered to be the most versatile?

(a) SAW
(b) TIG
(c) MIG / MAG
(d) MMA
02. One of the advantages of a multi-pass MMA weld is that it generally produces a:

(a) High tensile strength

(b) High degree of ductility
(c) Coarse grain structure
(d) Fine grain structure

03. MMA electrode can be grouped into three main types. These are:

(a) Basic, Cellulosic and Rutile

(b) Neutral, Cellulosic and Rutile
(c) Basic, Cellulosic and neutral
(d) None of the above
04. Movement of the arc by magnetic forces in MMA welding is termed:

(a) Arc deviation

(b) Arc misalignment
(c) Arc blow
(d) Arc eye

05. Which of the following statement is true?

(a) The core wire in a MMA electrode has a higher melting point than the flux
(b) Electrode dc +ve is used when welding with the MIG / MAG welding process
(c) The HAZ of a carbon manganese steel weld usually has a lower ultimate tensile strength than the weld
(d) All of the above are true

06. A multi run MMA butt weld made on C/Mn steel consists of 5 passes using 6mm electrodes. A 12 pass weld
made on the same joint using 4mm electrodes on the same material will:

(a) Have a lower heat input and a higher degree of grain refinement
(b) Have a lower heat input and a coarser grain structure
(c) Have a lower amount of distortion and a higher degree of grain refinement
(d) Have a higher amount of distortion and a lower degree of grain refinement

07. A typical minimum preheat temperature for an MMA weld made on steel with a carbon content of 0.23% and
manganese content of 1.3%:

(a) Preheat would not normally be required

(b) Less than 50*c
(c) A minimum of 100*c
(d) Above 280*c

08. Which is often the hardest part of a multi run weld made using MMA?

(a) The HAZ of the root

(b) The HAZ of the cap
(c) The root
(d) The cap
09. Which of the following welding processes would you expect to use a collet:

(a) TIG / TAG

(b) MIG / MAG
(c) MMA
(d) All of the above
10. Which of the following processes use a constant characteristic?

(a) Sub-arc < 1000 amps, MMA, Electro slag

(b) TIG / TAG, Sub-arc > 1000 amps, Electro slag
 (c) Sub-arc < 1000 amps, MIG / MAG, Electro slag
(d) MIG / MAG, Sub-arc > 1000 amps, Electro slag

11. Which of the following welding processes uses a resistive heating system to achieve weld metal deposition?

(a) MMA
(b) SAW
(c) Electro slag welding
(d) Resistance spot welding
12. In MMA welding, what parameter is used to control the penetration into the base material?

(a) Voltage
(b) Welding speed
(c) Iron powder in the coasting
(d) Current
13. In MMA welding, the slag produced can be varied to suit the welding position. Which type of slag would be
required for welding in the HV position?

(a) Fluid
(b) Viscous
(c) None of the above
(d) Semi fluid
14. The weld metal deposit of MMA electrodes, achieves its mechanical strength through:

(a) The core wire

(b) The flux coating
(c) Iron powders with the flux coating

15. In general it is not easy to mechanise the MMA welding process because:

(a) Short electrode length, the control of the arc length and the process uses a flat characteristic
(b) Short electrode length, the control of the arc length and flux coverings
(c) The control of the arc length, stop start problems and short electrode length
(d) Flux coverings, short electrode lengths and relationship between amps and volts

16. Which arc welding process technique is likely to be used to repair localized porosity in a weld?

(a) MMA – PG position

(b) Mechanised arc welding
(c) Sub Arc
(d) All of the above
(e) None of the above

17. A repair has been made using MMA on a double V butt weld on a 10 m diameter tank. The defect repaired was
lack of inter-penetration and it had been excavated with a disc grinder prior to repair. After repair it was
determined that the wrong electrodes had been used. What action should the inspector take:

(a) Have the repair area ground and re-repair

(b) Accept the work if the electrodes were the same flux type
(c) Heat treat the area
(d) Consult the senior inspector or welding engineer if the specification or procedure does not cover the
course of action
18. Which of the following welding processes may be described as a low H2 process in comparison with
MMA welding?

(a) TIG
(b) MIG
(c) MAG
(d) All of the above

19. Sodium silicate in an MMA electrode flux:

(a) Stabilizes the arc

(b) Binds the ingredients of the flux
(c) Forms slag
(d) All of the above
20. Which of the following butt weld preparation is usually the most susceptible to lack of side wall fusion during
MMA welding?

(a) A double sided U preparation

(b) A single V preparation
(c) A double sided V preparation
(d) It is not possible to induce lack of side wall fusion during MMA welding
21. Which of the following will vary the most when varying the arc length using the MMA process?

(a) Voltage
(b) Amperage
(c) Polarity
(d) None of the above
22. Why have a high OCV with MMA welding?

(a) To initiate
(b) To obtain penetration
(c) To avoid lack of fusion
(d) MMA welding does not have a high OCV

23. Which of the following sentences applies to the use of basic MMA electrodes?

(a) They are used to deposit weld metal in the vertical position only
(b) They are used where deep penetration is a primary requirement
(c) They are usually used to deposit weld metal of low hydrogen content
(d) Basic electrodes are chosen when ease of use is of importance

24. Which of the following welding processes does not use a consumable electrode?

(a) SAW
(b) MMA
(c) TIG
(d) ESW

1. Which of the following welding processes may be described, as a low hydrogen process in comparison with general MMA
welding:

a) TIG
b) MIG
c) MAG
d) None of the above
e) All f the above
2. Why have a high O.C.V. with MMA welding

a) To initiate the arc

b) To obtain penetration
c) To avoid lack of fusion
d) MMA welding does not have a high O.C.V.
3. Fish – eyes, chevron cracks and fissures are:

a) Not associated with welding

b) Types of cracks
c) Only encountered in MMA welds
d) Hydrogen related problems

4. Which of the following butt-weld preparations is generally most susceptible to ‘lack of side wall fusion’ during MMA
welding?

a) A ‘U’ preparation
b) A ‘V’ preparation
c) A ‘double V’ preparation
d) Lack of side wall fusion does not exist with MMA
5. Which welding process is considered the most versatile?

a) SAW
b) TIG
c) MIG/MAG
d) MMA

6. When welding using the MMA process, varying the arc length will give the most variation of:
 a) Voltage
b) Amperage
c) Polarity
d) None of the above

7. Which defect would you expect to obtain in TIG welds in non-deoxidized steel?

a) Under cut
b) Porosity
c) Tungsten inclusions
8. Linear misalignment You noticed manual metal arc welding electrodes, stripe of flux, are being used as filler
wire, for TIG welding. You would object because:

a) It is too expensive
b) The wire would be too thick
c) The weld metal composition may be wrong
9. The wire is too short When the TIG welding Austenitic Stainless Steel pipe. Argon gas backing is called for.
This is to:

a) Prevent oxidation
b) Prevent under bead cracking
c) Prevent porosity
d) Control the penetration bead shape
10. When referring to TIG welding, the shielding gas could be:

d) Argon + Hydrogen
e) Argon + Helium
f) Argon + Nitrogen
g) All of the above
11. Which arc welding process utilizes a non-consumable electrode?

h) MIG
i) TIG
j) MMA
k) SAW
l) All of the above
12. Which of the following processes uses the “keyholing”
system of fusion?

a) Friction welding
b) Diffusion bonding
c) Electron beam welding
d) Autogenous TIG welding

13. Argon purging on the root side is necessary in the TIG welding of stainless steel to:
a. Obtain full penetration.
b. Obtain full fusion.
c. Avoid porosity in the root.
d. Obtain a satisfactory weld surface finish.

13. Two low carbon steel pipes, 150mm diameter and 6mm wall thickness, are to be butt welded
using the TIG process. To ensure a full strength joint, which of the following preps is most
suitable?
a. Open single bevel.
b. Open single Vee.
c. Open square preparation.
d. Closed square preparation

15. Inherent rectification of the electrical output is produced in the arc when TIG welding using:
a. AC with a suppressor
b. AC without a suppressor
c. DC with reverse polarity
d. DC with straight polarity

16. When referring to TIG welding, the shielding gas could be:
a. Argon and hydrogen.
b. Argon and helium.
c. Argon and nitrogen.
d. All the above.

14. Which of the following defects is more common to welds deposited by CO2 welding than
welds deposited by MMA?
a. Slag inclusions.
b. Excess penetration.
c. Lack of sidewall fusion.
d. Tungsten inclusions.

TIG

25. The TIG welding process utilizes an electrode that is:

(a) Cellulosic
(b) Non consumable
(c) Consumable
None of the above

26. When referring to TIG welding, the shielding gas could be:

(a) Argon + Hydrogen

(b) Argon + Helium
(c) Argon + Nitrogen
(d) All of the above
27. Which of the following may be used for the TIG / TAG welding of austenitic stainless steel?

(a) Lathanum electrode dc –ve

(b) Cerium electrode dc –ve
(c) Zirconium electrode ac
(d) Thorium electrode dc –ve
28. In TIG welding the nozzle is usually made:

(a) Copper
(b) Aluminum
(c) Ceramic
(d) Copper / Zinc
29. Which arc welding process uses a non consumable electrode?

(a) MIG
(b) TIG
(c) SAW
(d) None of the above
30. Which of the following current types would be used for welding aluminum with the TIG welding process?

(a) Ac
(b) Dc +ve electrode
(c) Dc –ve electrode
(d) All of the above could be used successfully
31. You notice manual metal arc electrodes, stripped of flux, are being used as filler wire for TIG welding. You
would object because:

(a) It is too expensive

(b) The wire would be too thick
(c) The weld metal composition may be wrong
(d) The wire is too short
 32. When TIG welding Austenitic Stainless Steel pipe, Argon gas baking is called for. This is to:

(a) Prevent oxidation

(b) Prevent under bead cracking
(c) Prevent porosity
(d) Control the penetration bead shape

33. The main reason for using a back purge when welding 18-8 stainless steel with the TIG welding process is to:

(a) Control the root penetration

(b) Prevent root bead porosity
(c) Improve positional welding
(d) Prevent the formation of a dense oxide layer on the root

MIG

01. In MIG ? CO2 welding which parameters give the greatest control of weld appearance during dip transfer or
short circuiting welding?

(a) Wire stick out length

(b) Amperage
(c) Wire feed speed
(d) Inductance

34. Spatter may be finely controlled during MIG / MAG welding by:

(a) Adjusting the inductance control

(b) Using CO2 gas
(c) Increasing the arc voltage
(d) Welding with no gas
35. Poor penetration would be found in MIG / MAG welded steels when using:

(a) Argon + 20% CO2

(b) CO2
(c) Pure Argon
(d) Argon + 5% CO2

36. Which of the following processes would be most prone to lack of fusion defects:

(a) Pulsed arc MIG

(b) Spray transfer MIG
(c) Dip transfer MIG
(d) Submerged arc

37. Adjusting the inductance control in dip transfer MIG / MAG welding, will control:

(a) The pulse rate

(b) The gas flow rate
(c) The amount of spatter
The arc voltage

01. MIG welding tends to be susceptible to lack of fusion problems. This is because of:

(a) Poor maintenance of equipment

(b) Incorrect settings
(c) Poor inter run cleaning
(d) All of the above

38. A common gas / mixture used in MIG welding nickel alloys to combine good levels of penetration with good
arc stability would be:

(a) 100 % CO2

(b) 100% Argon
(c) 80% Argon 20% CO2
(d) 98% Argon 2% Oxygen
39. When referring to MIG welding, the shielding gas could be:

(a) Argon
(b) Argon + 1% oxygen
(c) Argon + 20% CO2
(d)
40. None of the above What five parameters would be checked when calibrating welding equipment for
mechanized MAG welding?

(a) Joint set up, flux coating, polarity, travel speed and amps / volts
(b) Amps / volts, WFS, gas flow rate, polarity and travel speed
(c) Amps / volts, WFS, wire diameter, polarity and travel speed
(d) Electrode stick out, WFS, amps / volts, polarity and wire diameter

41. Which of the following statements is true?

(a) Electrode dc +ve always produces a narrow deep weld pool

(b) The word Rutile means calcium carbonate
(c) Porosity is always repairable
(d) Dc electrode +ve is used for the MAG welding of steel

Saw

42. When welding a double V butt with the SAW process the presence of center line porosity may be due to:

(a) Damp flux

(b) Incomplete penetration
(c) Contaminated weld preparation
(d) Atmospheric contamination
43. The type of SAW flux is more resistant to moisture absorption:

(a) Fused
(b) Agglomerated
(c) Basic
(d) All of the above the same resistance

44. When welding a double V butt joint with SAW process the presence of centerline porosity may be due to:

(a) Damp flux

(b) Contaminated joint preparation
(c) Incorrect stick out lengths
(d) All of the above

45. SAW in single pass weld will give:

(a) Poor profile

(b) Burn rapidly
(c) Good penetration
46. None of the above In SAW process if voltage and current is increased and travel speed is decreased, what will
be the effect in the profile?

(a) Wider weld

(b) Higher weld reinforcement
(c) Concave weld surface
47. In SAW, the use of excessively high voltage would result in:

(a) Insufficient flux melting

(b) Excessive flux melting
(c) Slag removal difficulties
48. Spatter Submerged arc fluxes can be supplied in two forms. These are:

(a) Sintered and agitated

(b) Agitated and fused
(c) Crushed and agglomerated
(d) Fused and agglomerated
49. If Submerged arc welding is to be used to make butt welds, which would you be most critical of?

(a) The root gap tolerance

(b) The angle of preparation
(c) The root face width
(d) The gas cut finish

50. Submerged arc welding is a process that generally gives:

(a) Slag free welds

(b) Low penetration
(c) Low dilution
(d) High heat input
(e)
51. Slag inclusions may occur with:

(a) Manual Metal arc

(b) Metal Inert Gas
(c) Submerged Arc Welding
(d) Both A & C

52. A metallurgical problem most associated with Submerged Arc welding is:

(a) Hydrogen cracking in the HAZ

(b) Solidification cracking in the weld metal
(c) Hydrogen cracking in the weld metal
(d)
53. Lamellar tearing in the weld metal EN standard 288 would refer to which of the following:

(a) Welder approval testing

(b) Welding equipment
(c) Welding procedure approval
(d) Consumables for Submerged arc welding

54. Submerged arc utilizes:

(a) Deep penetration characteristic

(b) High deposition rates on DC +
(c) Flat (PA) welding only
(d)
55. None of the above Which of the following standards is entitled electrode wire and fluxes for submerged arc
welding process of carbon steel and medium tensile steel?

(a) BS 639
(b) BS 2901
(c) BS 2633
(d) BS 4165
In submerged arc welding, excessive arc voltage may cause?

a) Excessive penetration
b) Change in weld metal composition
c) Narrow weld width
d) Excessive bead profile
Slag inclusion would occur with:

a) Manual metal arc

b) Metal inert gas
c) Submerged arc welding
d) Both A & C
A metallurgical problem most associated with submerged arc welding is:

a) Hydrogen cracking in HAZ

b) Solidification cracking in the weld metal
c) Hydrogen cracking in the weld metal
d) Lamellar tearing in the weld metal
EN standard 288 would refer to which of the following:

a) Welder approval testing

b) Welding equipment
c) Welding procedure approval
d) Consumables for submerged arc welding

Submerged arc utilities:

a) Deep penetration characteristic

b) High deposition rate on DC+
c) Flat (P.A.) welding only
Which of the following welding processes uses a resistive heating system to achieve weld metal deposition?

a) Manual metal arc welding

b) Submerged-arc welding
c) Electro slag welding
Resistance spot welding

Which of the following is likely to give the highest impact strength in ferritic weld metal?

a) Cellulosic electrodes
b) Submerged arc with acid flux
c) Spray transfer Co-2-welding
d) Basic coated normal metal arc electrodes
If submerged welding to be used to make butt welds, which would you be most critical of:

a) The root gap tolerance

b) The angle of penetration
c) The root face width
d) The gas cut finish
Which of the following welding processes is most susceptible to lack of fusion?

a) Submerged arc
b) CO2 (metal active gas)
c) Manual metal arc
d) Tungsten inert gas

1. A common gas mixture used in MIG welding nickel alloys to combine good levels of penetration with good
arc stability would be:

a) 100% CO
b) 100% argon
c) 80% argon 20% CO2
d) 98% argon 2% oxygen
2. The type of SAW flux is more resistance to moisture absorption:

a) Fused
b) Agglomerated
c) Basic
d) All of about the same resistance
3. When referring to MIG welding, the shielding gas could be:

a) Argon
b) Argon + 1% Oxygen
c) Argon + 20% CO2
d) None of the above
4. The steel composition in structural contract is changed form 0.15% carbon, 0.6% manganese, to 0.2% carbon,
1.2% manganese. Might this influence the incidence of?

a) Porosity
b) Cracking in the weld area
c) Under cut for fillet welds
d) Lack of root fusion defects
 5. MIG welding tends to be susceptible to lack of fusion problems. This is because of:

a) Poor maintenance of equipment

b) Incorrect setting
c) Poor inter run cleaning
d) All of the above

6. In MAG/CO2 welding, which parameters give the greatest control of weld

appearance during dip transfers or short-circuiting welding?

a) Wire sick-out length

b) Amperage
c) Wire feed speed
d) Inductance

Pre heat

01. In accordance with BS 5135 what is the minimum distance the pre heat shall be applied from the joint
preparation?

(a) 100 mm
(b) 25 mm
(c) 75 mm
(d) Not specified

56. In accordance with BS 5135 what is the recommended minimum time allowed for the pre heat temperature to
equalize?

(a) 2 Min for each 25 mm of parent material thickness

(b) 5 Min for each 25 mm of parent material thickness
(c) 2 Min for each 50 mm of parent material thickness
57. 5 Min for each 50 mm of parent material thickness Applying preheat when welding, carbon manganese steel is
normally done to avoid:

(a) Slag inclusions

(b) Hydrogen cracking
(c) Lack of side wall fusion
(d) Porosity
58. Welding a steel plate of a CE of 0.45, would require preheating to:

(a) Prevent the formation of sulphides

(b) Prevent hardening in the HAZ
(c) Prevent the formation of carbides
(d) To improve mechanical properties in the weld

59. How many temperature indicating crayons would be required to ensure the preheat temperature was lying
within a specified range?

(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) As many as possible

01. A carbon equivalent of 0.48%:

(a) Is hig for a C-Mn steel and may require a preheat temperature over 100*c
(b) Is insignificant for a C-Mn steel and preheat will not be required
(c) Is calculated from the heat input formula
(d) Is not a consideration for determining preheat temperature

02. Preheating for arc welding applies to:

(a) Assembly welding only

(b) Assembly and tack welding
(c) Joints over 25mm thick only
(d) Cruciform welds only
(e)
 60. Which of the following are essential variables for PWHT?

(a) Heating rate

(b) Temperature attained
(c) Cooling rate
All of the above
61. Why is stress relief (PWHT) some times carried out on weldments?

(a) To dissolve entrapped hydrogen

(b) To remove residual stresses
(c) To fuse planar defects
(d) All of the above

Electrode

01. What is the main constituent of a rutitle electrode flux?

(a) Cellulosic
(b) Titanium dioxide
(c) Calcium carbonate
(d) Asbestos
02. What does the 70 represent on a E 7010 AWS classified electrode?

(a) 70 N/mm2 minimum uts

(b) 70 N/mm2 minimum impact strength
(c) 70,000 psi minimum uts
(d) 70,000 psi minimum impact strength
03. Which electrodes are very susceptible to causing porosity in the deposited welds if long arc employed?

(a) Basic
(b) Cellulosic
(c) Rutitle
(d) None of the abobe

62. When “H2 control” is specified for a manual metal arc welding project, the electrode would normally be:

(a) Cellulose
(b) Iron oxide
(c) Acid
(d) Basic
63. You would with certainty recognize a hydrogen controlled flux covered electrode from its:

(a) Colour
(b) Length
(c) Trade Name
(d) AWS / BS639 Code Letter
64. In BS 639 and BSEn 499 the first digits of the electrode classification indicate:

(a) Tensile and yield strength

(b) Toughness
(c) Electrode coating
(d) Electrode efficiency
65. Silicon is added to electrode coating as:

(a) A slipping agent

(b) A slag former
(c) A de-oxidant
(d) A colouring agent
66. Which electrode classification would be relevant to AWS A5.1 / 81:

(a) E 6013
(b) E 5133
(c) E 7018
(d) Fleet weld 5
 67. A basic electrode would normally:

(a) Have superior mechanical properties

(b) Require baking before use
(c) Not be used on low carbon steels
(d) Both A & B

68. In BS 639 an electrode classified as E51:

(a) Has an UTS value of 51,000 psi, minimum yield strength of 330 N/mm
(b) Has an UTS value of 430 to 550 N/mm, minimum yield strength of 360 N/mm
(c) Has an UTS value of 510 to 650 N/mm, minimum yield strength of 360 N/mm
(d) Has an UTS value of 510 to 650 N/mm, minimum yield strength of 330 N/mm

69. An E80 electrode would normally be classified in which standard:

(a) BS EN 499
(b) BS 639
(c) AWS A5.5
(d) AWS A5.1
70. What types of electrodes needs extra treatment?

(a) Basic
(b) Rutile
(c) Cellulosic

71. What constituent is needed in a coating of an electrode to prevent the formation of porosity in welding of a
rimming steel?

(a) Iron powders

(b) Calcium fluoride
(c) Silicon
(d) Calcium carbonate
72. The use of cellulosic electrodes is often made when welding the root pass of pipes in the field. This is because:

(a) H2 control is needed

(b) Iron powders in the electrode
(c) Higher arc voltage can be obtained
(d) Shorter arc length can be achieved

Hydrogen
73. The presence of too much hydrogen when welding C/Mn steels would be to cause the formation of:

(a) Porosity
(b) Lack of fusion
(c) Crack
(d) undercut
74. Hydrogen cracking in the weld metals is likely when welding:

(a) Carbon Manganese steels

(b) Stainless steels
(c) Micro alloyed steels (HSLA)
(d) Low carbon steels
75. In accordance with BS 5135 which of the following is applicable for scale “C” with regards to hydrogen
content per 100g of deposited weld metal?

(a) > 15 ml
(b) > 15 ml < 25 ml
(c) > 10 ml < 15 ml
(d) > 5 ml < 10 ml
Solidification
01. Name the fourth weld process crack which has a totally different formation mechanism to HICC (H2 induced
cold crack), solidification cracking and lamellar tearing:

(a) Liquation cracking

(b) Reheat cracking
(c) Crater cracking
(d) Hot tearing
Undercut
01. Undercut is caused by:

(a) Excessive amps

(b) Excessive volts
(c) Excessive travel speed
(d) All of the above

76. Undercut is normally assessed by:

(a) Its depth

(b) Its length
(c) Its blending
(d) All of the above
Overlap
01. Overlap in welds could be influenced by:

(a) Poor welding technique

(b) Welding process
(c) Welding position
(d) All of the above
Ultrasonic
01. Ultrasonic would be preferred over radiography due to:

(a) Ability to find most defects

(b) Lower skill requirement
(c) Ability to detect lamination
(d) Both A & C

77. Ultrasonic testing is of advantage in detecting which of the following weld imperfection over other NDT
method:

(a) Lack of side wall fusion

(b) Surface undercut
(c) Incompletely filled groove
(d) Overlap

Tempering
01. The process of tempering is often carried out to regain toughness after which of the following processes:

(a) Annealing
(b) Normalising
(c) Hardening
(d) Stress relieving
02. When considering the heat treatment process of tempering:

(a) This is achieved by slowly heating the material to a temperature between 200*c to 650*c and slow
cooling in air
(b) This is achieved by heating the material to around 200*c and soaking for approximately 10 – 12 hrs and
cooling down in air
(c) Very fast cooling form the austenite region
(d) All of the above could give a temper
03. Re-crystallization during annealing is used to make steel:

(a) Softer
(b) Harder
(c) Tougher
(d) Stronger
Quenching
01. When a medium to high carbon steel is quenched:

(a) It becomes malleable

(b) Its hardness increases
(c) It becomes ductile
(d) The plasticity is increased

Normalizing
01. A Normalising heat treatment process is carried out by:

(a) Heating the metal just above 650*C

(b) Taking the metal above the re-crystallization temperature and allowing to air cool
(c) Taking the metal above the re-crystallization temperature and allowing to furnace cool
(d) Taking the metal above the re-crystallization temperature and quickly cooling by immersing
Visual inspection
01. The British code for visual inspection requirements is:

(a) BS 4872
(b) BS 499
(c) BS 4870
(d) None of the above
02. A code of practice for visual inspection should cover the following:

(a) Before, During and After welding activities

(b) Before welding activities only
(c) After welding activities only
(d) None of the above
03. A magnifying glass may be used during visual inspection by typical magnification would be:

(a) Up to 50 Ø
(b) 2 – 2.5 Ø
(c) 50 – 100 Ø
(d) None of the above

78. Which of the following defects is unlikely to be found by visual inspection?

(a) Linear misalignment

(b) Undercut
(c) Overlap
(d) Linear slag inclusions
79. Which of the following standards entitled Visual inspection of fusion welded joints?

(a) BS 4515
(b) BS 5289
(c) BS 5135
(d) BS EN 440
Tensile
01. Tensile strength can be increased in steel by:

(a) Annealing
(b) Galvanising
(c) Addition of carbon
(d) Casting
02. A tensile test will assess:

(a) Impact values

(b) Stress
(c) Strain
(d) Both B & C

80. Which of the following in a fusion weld usually has the highest tensile strength?

(a) Weld metal

(b) Parent material
(c) HAZ
(d) Fusion zone
Weldability
01. The weldability of a material may be affected by:

(a) Temperature of the component

(b) The Ceq % of the material
(c) The elements in the material
(d) All of the above
02. Which of the following materials has the poorest weldability?

(a) Austenitic stainless steel

(b) Martensitic stainless steel
(c) Carbon manganese steel
(d) HSLA steel
Oxy fuel

01. Which of the following statements is true?

(a) Oxygen-fuel gas cutting is essentially an oxidization thermal cutting process

(b) Oxygen-fuel gas cutting is essentially a melting process
(c) The only fuel gas used is acetylene
(d) Propane is the preferred fuel gas in oxygen-fuel gas cutting as it produces hotter flame

81. You see a welder using an oxy-acetylene flame with a long feathered inner cone. What would be the effect of
this on a carbon steel?

(a) The weld could be hard and brittle

(b) The weld metal could be too soft
(c) There will be no effect on the weld
(d) The weld will have undercut

82. Oxy pressure and nozzle size would influence what in flame cutting:

(a) The temperature required for cut initiation

(b) The ability to cut Stainless steel
(c) The depth of cut obtainable
(d) None of the above

83. The flame temperature of oxy / acetylene mixture gas is given as:

(a) 3200* C
(b) 2300* C
(c) 5000*C
(d) None of the above

Fatigue
01. Fatigue testing is used to test welds:

(a) Under cyclic loading

(b) Under creep stress loading
(c) Under impact loading
(d) Under static loading
02. A fatigue failure is characteristic by the appearance of the fracture surface. It would be:

(a) Rough and torn

(b) “Cheveron” – like
(c) Smooth
(d) None of the above
Travel speed

01. The possible effects of having a travel speed too fast:

(a) Low toughness, slag inclusions and undercut

(b) High hardness, slag inclusions and a narrow thin weld bead
(c) High hardness, excessive deposition and cold laps
(d) Low toughness, poor fusion and slag inclusions
 84. Which of the following best describes a semi automatic welding process?

(a) The welder is responsible for the arc gap and travel speed
(b) The welder is responsible for the travel speed only
(c) The welding plant controls both travel speed and arc gap but under constant supervision
(d) The welding plant controls both travel speed and arc gap, no supervision required

Lamellar tearing
01. Which of the following are essential factors for lamellar tearing?

(a) High residual stresses, poor through thickness ductility, existing plate Laminations
(b) Poor through thickness ductility, fusion face parallel with rolled direction of parent plate, most
commonly occurs in but welds
(c) Stress, poor through thickness ductility, fusion face parallel with rolled direction of parent material
(d) Tensile stress, deoxidized parent plate, poor through thickness ductility
02. What is lamellar tearing?

(a) Strain cracking at the edge of bend test specimen

(b) A type of crack occurring in the parent material is associated with poor through thickness ductility
especially when large fillet welds or tee butt joints are made on the material
(c) A type of crack found in welds which have undergone several thermal cycles either during welding or
PWHT
(d) It is another name for a plate lamination caused during plate or pipe manufacture
03. Lamellar tearing has occurred in a steel fabrication. Before welding could it have been found by:

(a) X-ray examination

(b) Dye penetrant
(c) Ultrasonic inspection
(d) It would not have been found by any inspection method

85. Lamellar tearing:

(a) Only occurs in the rolled direction of a parent material

(b) Is a HAZ type of type of crack
(c) Is another term for a lamination
(d) All of the above

Cold lap
01. Cold lapping is another term for:

(a) Lack of fusion at the toe of a weld

(b) Low amperage
(c) Undercut
(d) Hydrogen cracking
02. Cold lap in another term for:

(a) Lack of fusion

(b) Low amperage
(c) Undercut
(d) Hydrogen cracking

Heat input

01. What are the possible results of having a too lower heat input?

(a) An increase in hardness, lower yield strength and lack of fusion

(b) A reduction in toughness, hydrogen entrapment and an increase in hardness
(c) Entrapped hydrogen, an increase in hardness and lack of fusion
(d) Entrapped hydrogen, a reduction in carbon content and lack of fusion

86. Welds made with high heat inputs show a reduction in one of the following properties:

(a) Ductility
(b) Toughness
(c) Fatigue strength
(d) Mechanical strength
 87. Welding procedures may require welds to be deposited at a controlled rate heat input. High heat input would:

(a) Have poor profile

(b) Have larger grain size
(c) Have high hardness in the HAZ
(d) Have low elongation properties

88. Which is the correct heat input if the amps are 350, volts 32 and travel speed 310 mm / s?

(a) 2.16 kJ / mm
(b) 0.036 kJ / mm
(c) 2160 kJ / mm
(d) 36 kJ / mm

Mechanical test

01. Bend test specimens have been taken from a 25mm thick carbon steel butt weld. Which would show lack of
inter-run fusion:

(a) Side bend

(b) Root bend
(c) Face bend
(d) Guided bend
02. Internal lack of fusion defects can be normally found by using:

(a) Penetrant testing

(b) Impact tests
(c) Side bend test
(d) Hardness test

89. In a bend test, the face of the specimen is in tension and root is in compression, the type of test being carried
out would be:

(a) A root bend test

(b) A side bend test
(c) A face bend test
(d) None of the above
90. Which of the following destructive test would indicate the toughness of weld metal and parent metal – HAZ?

(a) Macro
(b) Nick break
(c) Hardness
(d) Charpy vee notch
91. What is a charpy test used for?

(a) To measure the ductility of a material

(b) To test the tensile strength of a material
(c) To test the notch toughness of a material
(d) to measure crack propagation speed

01. What is a Vickers Pyramidal Indentor used for?

(a) To measure indentation toughness

(b) To measure ductility
(c) To measure hardness
(d) All of the above

92. Why is a weld procedure qualification test necessary?

(a) To ensure the welder is able to make sound welds meeting the requirements of the agreed welding
procedure
(b) To ensure the welder satisfies the NDT and mechanical requirements of the specification
(c) To give maximum confidence that the variables used for welding are compatible and will produce sound
welds meeting the requirements of the agreed specification
(d) To give a guarantee that defect free welds are going to be produced
 93. A welder and procedure re-qualification would be required:

(a) When the run out date of the procedure has been reached
(b) Every Year
(c) When changing from day to night shift work
(d) When there is a change in an essential variable

01. A welder qualification test is to verify:

(a) Skill of the welder

(b) The quality of the materials
(c) The non-destructive test procedures
(d) The manufacturing method

Defect

01. A planar defect is:

(a) Incomplete fusion defects

(b) Slag inclusion
(c) Incomplete penetration
(d) Both A & C
02. Defects outside of the limits specified in a standard should always be:

(a) Repaired
(b) Reported to a “senior person”
(c) Radio graphed
(d) All of the above
03. “Stray arcing” may be regarded as a serious defect. This is because:

(a) It may reduce the thickness dimension of a component

(b) It may cause liquation cracks
(c) It may cause hard zones
(d) All of the above

94. Which of the following may be classed as a “More serious defect”?

(a) Slag inclusions

(b) Fusion defects (Inter run)
(c) Fusion defects (Surface)
(d) Porosity
95. The most serious defect types are:

(a) Planar
(b) Cracks
(c) Lack of fusion
(d) All of the above
96. Which of the following NDT method is not suitable to detect sub surface defect?

(a) UT
(b) PT
(c) RT
(d) MPI

97. Planar defect are best described as:

(a) Linear from at least one direction

(b) Rounded indications
(c) Linear from at least one direction with volume
(d) May be classed as all of the above
 98. Non-planar defects associated with a weld:

(a) Are not significant

(b) Must be removed
(c) Are not usually as significant as planar defects
(d) Only exit sub-suface
Structure

99. The hardest grain structure capable of being produced when welding C/Mn steel is:

(a) Bainite
(b) Austenite
(c) Pearlite
(d) Martensite
100. Which of the following steel structures has the highest hardness:

(a) Martensite
(b) Austenitic
(c) Ferritic
(d) All have the same hardness
101. The extent of the changes in microstructure will depend on the following:

(a) Material composition

(b) Heat input
(c) The rate of cooling
(d) All of the above
102. A large grain structure in steels said to produce:

(a) Low ductility values

(b) Low fracture toughness values
(c) High fracture toughness values
(d) High tensile strength

103. The HAZ associated with a fusion weld on steel has up to how many separate regions of micro structure?

(a) 4
(b) 6
(c) 1
(d) 2
104. A martensite grain structure:

(a) Is always present in welds on steel

(b) Is brittle grain structure
(c) Is obtained when the preheat temperature exceeds 200*c
(d) All of the above

01. If arc strikes are found on carbon steel (C eq of .5%), what undesirable grain structure may be present?

(a) Perlite
(b) Martensite
(c)
(d) Bainite
(e) All of the above are undesirable grain structures in constructional steels

Crater pipe
01. If arc strikes are found on carbon steel (C eq of .5%), what undesirable grain structure may be present?

(a) Perlite
(b) Martensite
(c) Bainite
(d) All of the above are undesirable grain structures in constructional steels
02. Which of the following is an alternative name for a crater crack?

(a) Cold crack

(b) Tearing
(c) Star crack
(d) Fatigue crack
Radio gragh

01. Which of the following would show as light indications on a radiograph?

(a) Slag inclusions and copper inclusions

(b) Tungsten inclusions and excessive penetration
(c) Cap undercut and root piping
105. Excessive cap height and incomplete penetration An IQI would be used in radiography to assess:

(a) Image quality

(b) Type of steel
(c) Density of graph
(d) Type of welding process used

106. In X-ray the quality of radiographic negative is assessed by the:

(a) Density of the film

(b) IQI Indicator
(c) KVA available
(d) Stand – off distance
Degrease

01. The main reason degreasing agents should always be dried from metals prior to welding, is because they are
likely to:

(a) Increase the arc voltage

(b) Produce hazardous fumes
(c) Slow down the welding speed
(d) Produce lack of fusion defects
02. Degreasing components are essential for quality welding but some agents may:

(a) Cause corrosion problems

(b) Give off phosgene gas
(c) Leave residues
Carbon
01. Carbon equivalent values are useful to determine:

(a) Weldability aspects

(b) Crack sensitivity aspects
(c) Typical mechanical properties
(d) All of the above
02. High Phosphorous contents in carbon steels may cause:

(a) Cold shortness

(b) Hot shortness
(c) An increase in ductility
(d) An increase in malleability
03. The steel composition in a structural contract is changed form 0.15% carbon, 0.6% manganese to 0.2% carbon,
1.2% manganese. Might this influence the incidence of:

(a) Porosity
(b) Cracking in the weld area
(c) Undercut for fillet welds
(d) Lack of root fusion defects

107. Pre-heating a carbon steel manual metal arc welding is carried out to minimize the risk of:

(a) Scattered porosity

(b) Worm hole porosity
(c) Parent metal cracking
(d) Lack of penetration
 108. Pre-heating a carbon steel manual metal arc welding is carried out to minimize the risk of:

(a) Scattered porosity

(b) Worm hole porosity
(c) Parent metal cracking
(d) Lack of penetration

Harden
01. Which of the following chemical elements has the greater effect on the hardenability of a steel plate?

(a) Molybdenum
(b) Chromium
(c) Titanium
(d) Carbon
02. To prevent the hardening and cracking of High Carbon Steel plate when flame cutting it is advisable to:

(a) Pre-heat the plate

(b) Soak the plate in oil
(c) Cool the plate quickly after cutting
Increase the cutting Oxygen pressure

Process
01. Which of the following welding processes is not classed as an arc welding process?

(a) Electro slag welding

(b) Thermit welding
(c) Plasma welding
(d) Both A and B
(e) All of the above

109. Which of the following heat treatment processes would be used for grain refinement?

(a) Annealing
(b) Normalizing
(c) Quenching
(d) H2 release
110. Which of the following welding processes is not a fusion welding process?

(a) Electro slag welding

(b) Oxy-gas welding
(c) Forge welding
(d) TIG welding
111. Which of the following processes joints metals plastically:

(a) Friction welding

(b) Resistance welding
(c) Plasma welding
(d) All of the above
112. Which one of the following type of steels would give rise to the formation of porosity when autogenously
welded with an arc process?

(a) Fully killed steel

(b) Semi killed steel
(c) Rimming steel
(d) Fine grained steel
113. Which one of the following processes uses the “Key holing” system of fusion?

(a) Friction welding

(b) Diffusion welding
(c) Electron beam welding
(d) Autogenous TIG welding
 114. Which of the following is not a fusion welding process:

(a) Thermit welding

(b) Electro slag welding
(c) Laser welding
(d) Friction welding

Centreline
01. You observe centerline cracking in a weld that has been made at one of five work station each making similar
components. The first action to take is:

(a) Impound all welding consumables

(b) Report the occurrence to a higher authority
(c) Stop all welding
(d) Call for full NDT checks

Weld symbol
01. Weld symbols placed on a dotted line in accordance with ISO requirements means:

(a) Weld on “Arrow” side

(b) Weld on “Other” side
(c) Weld on site
(d) Full penetration
02. BS 499 part II communicates by the use of symbols the type of joint preparation to be used. Listed below are
four symbols. Which of these indicates the depth of penetration of the weld required on the joint?

(a)

(b)

10

10

(c)

10

10

(d)

01. To BS 499 part 2, which of the following is true for a welding symbol:

(a) This or arrow side of the joint goes on top of the reference line
(b) This or arrow side of the joint goes below the reference line
 (c) This or arrow side of the joint goes in the middle of the reference line
(d) All of the above

Porosity
01. When open site working, serious porosity in metal arc welds is brought to your attention. What would you
investigate:

(a) Electrode type

(b) Power plant type
(c) Electrode storage
Day temperature

115. Porosity would mostly occur in which of the following:

(a) When MMA welding semi de-oxidized steel

(b) When MIG / MAG welding fully de-oxidized steel
(c) When welding TIG welding non de-oxidized steel
(d) When Sub Arc Welding semi killed steel

116. The main causes of porosity in welded joints are:

(a) Poor access

(b) Loss of gas shield
(c) “Dirty” materials
(d) All of the above

117. Porosity is caused by:

(a) Entrapped slag in the solidifying weld

(b) Entrapped gas in the solidifying weld
(c) Entrapped metallic inclusions in the solidifying weld
(d) None of the above

Discontinuity

01. Which of the following discontinuities could be as a primary processing discontinuity often found in cast
material?

(a) Fatigue crack

(b) Stress corrosion crack
(c) Porosity
(d) Lack of penetration

118. Which of the following discontinuities could be classified as a service induced discontinuity?

(a) Fatigue crack

(b) Porosity
(c) Machining tear
(d) Lap
119. Which of the following is a discontinuity that might be found in a forging?

(a) Shrinkage cracks

(b) Laps
(c) Cold shuts
(d) Insufficient penetration