Volume 3, Issue 2, February – 2018 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456 –2165

Transient Stability Improvement of an IEEE 9 Bus

Power System Using Facts Devices
R. Jegedeesh Kumar ME R. Arun ME T. Vignesh
Assistant Professor Assistant Professor Service Engineer
Department of EEE Department of IT Service com Co-ordinator
Karpagam College of Engineering, Karpagam College of Engineering, SPIN AQM technologies India
Coimbatore. Coimbatore. private limited, Coimbatore.

Abstract:-Modern power system transmission networks are I. INTRODUCTION

becoming with increasing complexity due to growing Power system generally lie of three stages: such as generation,
demand and restrictions on building new lines. Losing transmission, and distribution. The initial stage is generation,
stability is one of the major problem of such a modern the electric power is generated generally by using synchronous
power system following a disturbance. Transient stability generators. Then the voltage range is increased by transformers
control is an important concept which ensuring the stable before the power is transmitted in order to decrease the line
operation of power system during the fault and large
disturbances. FACTS technologies are found to be very currents which consequently reduce the power transmission
effective in a power system transmission network for better losses. Later the transmission, the voltage is stepped down using
controllability and increase power transfer capability transformers in order to be distributed accordingly. Power
without sacrificing the desired stability margin. This paper systems are planned to provide uninterrupted power supply that
provides the comparative performance of STSTCOM, SVC hold voltage stability. However, due to undesired events, such
and UPFC for improvement of transient stability of IEEE 9 as lightning, accidents or any other uncertain events, short
bus power system. Static Synchronous Compensator and circuits between the phase conductors of the transmission lines
Static Var Compensator are the shunt devices of the or between a phase conductor and the ground which may occur
Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) family. When is called a fault. Due to occurring of a fault, one or more
the system voltage is low, STATCOM generates reactive generators may be severely disturbed causing an instability
power and when the system voltage is high then it absorbs between generation and demand. If the fault persists and is not
reactive power whereas SVC is also operates as same as the cleared in a pre-specified time frame, it may cause strong
STATCOM. SVC provides the fast acting dynamic damages to the equipment’s which in turn may lead to a power
compensation in case of severe fault. The UPFC is more loss and power outage. Hence, antifouling equipment’s are
effective Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) device compartment to observe faults and clear/separate faulted parts
for controlling active and reactive power flow in a of the power system as quickly as possible in front the fault
transmission line and power oscillation damping by energy is pass on to the rest of the system.
controlling its series and shunt parameters. To analysing the
effects of STATCOM, UPFC and SVC on transient stability Simulink is an interactional environment for modelling and
performance of the system by using the MATLAB/Simulink simulating a wide variety of dynamic systems. A system is built
environment for multi- machine system. The performance easily using blocks and results can be displayed quickly.
of STATCOM, SVC and UPFC are compared with each Simulink is used for perusing the effects of non-linearity of the
other. The simulation results will show the effective and system and thus is an ideal research tool. Use of Simulink is
robustness of all the three FACTS devices. The better growing rapidly for research work in the area of power system
Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) device can be and also in the other areas. Time domain simulation method is
identified by this project for transient stability of IEEE 9 implemented in this paper. In this paper multi machine nine bus
bus power system. system is modelled in Matlab/simulink and transient stability
analysis is done with the fault located in a bus.
Keywords—FACTS, STATCOM, SVC and UPFC, Transient II. POWER SYSTEM STABILITY
Stability and IEEE 9 bus power system.
Power system stability is the ability of an electric power system,
for a given initial operating condition, to retrieve a state of
operating equilibrium after being subjected to a physical

IJISRT18FB212 www.ijisrt.com 816

Volume 3, Issue 2, February – 2018 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456 –2165

disturbance, with most system variables bounded so that

practically the entire system remains intact. Stability Name Type Controller Purpose
phenomenon is a single problem associated with various forms Used
of instabilities affected on power system due to the high SVC Shunt ThyristorVoltage
dimensionality and complexity of power system constructions Control
and behaviours. For properly understood of stability, the SSSC Series GTO Power Flow
classification is essential for significant power system stability Control
analysis. Stability classified based on the nature of resulting STATCOM Shunt GTO Voltage
system instability (voltage instability, frequency instability), the Control
size of the disturbance (small disturbance, large disturbance) UPFC Shunt and GTO Voltage and
and time frame of stability (short term, long term). In the other Series Power Flow
hand, stability broadly classified as steady state stability and Control
dynamic stability. Steady state stability is the ability of the TCSC Series Thyristor Power Flow
system to transit from one operating point to another under the Control
condition of small load changes. Power system dynamic TCPAR Shunt and Thyristor Power Flow
stability appears in the literature as a class of rotor angle Series Control
stability to describe whether the system can maintain the stable Table 1. Comparison among FACTS Controllers
operation after various disturbances or not.
A. Static VAR Compensator (SVC)
III. TRANSIENT STABILITY SVC is an electrical device for providing the fast reactive
When a power system is under steady state, the load plus power on high voltage transmission networks. An SVC is based
transmission loss equals to the generation in the system. The on thyristor controlled reactors (TCR), thyristor switched
generating units run at synchronous speed and system capacitors (TSC), and/or Fixed Capacitors (FC) tuned to Filters
frequency, voltage, current and power flows are steady. When a as shown in fig1. A TCR consists of a fixed reactor in series
large disturbance such as three phase fault, loss of load, loss of with a bi-directional thyristor valve. TCR reactors are as a rule
generation etc., occurs the power balance is upset and the of air core type, glass fibre insulated, epoxy resin impregnated .
generating units rotors experience either acceleration or
deceleration. The system may come back to a steady state
condition maintaining synchronism or it may break into
subsystems or one or more machines may pull out of
synchronism. In the former case the system is said to be stable
and in the later case it is said to be unstable.

IV. FACTS CONTROLLERS

FACTS are defined by the IEEE as “a power electronic based
system and other static equipment that provide control of one or
more AC transmission system parameters to enhance Figure 1. SVC Model
controllability and increase power transfer capability”.
Basically, FACTS controllers can be divided into four
SVCs had a great advantage over simple mechanically-switched
categories :
compensation schemes is their fast instantaneous response to
1) Series Controller
changes in the system voltage. For this reason they are often
2) Shunt Controller
operated at close to their zero-point in order to maximize the
3) Combined series-series Controller
reactive power correction they can rapidly provide in system
4) Combined series-shunt Controller
whenever required. They are in general cheaper, higher-
capacity, faster, efficient and more reliable over dynamic
compensation schemes such as synchronous condensers .

B. Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM)

A Static synchronous compensator is a shunt-connected static
Var compensator whose capacitive or inductive output current
can be controlled independently of the ac system voltage.
STATCOM is made up of a coupling transformer, a VSC and a
dc energy storage device as shown in fig2. STATCOM is
capable of exchanging reactive power with the transmission line

IJISRT18FB212 www.ijisrt.com 817

Volume 3, Issue 2, February – 2018 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456 –2165

because of its small energy storage device i.e. small dc V. POWER SYSTEM STABILIZERS
capacitor, if this dc capacitor is replaced with dc storage battery Power system stabilizers (PSS) have been extensively used as
or other dc voltage source, the controller can exchange real and supplementary excitation controllers to damp out the low
reactive power with the transmission system, extending its frequency oscillations and enhance the overall system stability.
region of operation from two to four quadrants. Fixed structure stabilizers have practical applications and
generally provide acceptable dynamic performance. There have
been arguments that these controllers, being tuned for one
nominal operating condition, provide sub optimal performance
when there are variations in the system load. There are two
main approaches to stabilize a power system over a wide range
of operating conditions, namely robust control. The block
diagram for the designed conventional PSS is Shown in Fig.4

Figure 2. STATCOM Model

C. Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC)

The UPFC is the most versatile FACTS controller developed so
far, with all encompassing capabilities of voltage regulation,
series compensation, and phase shifting. It can independently
and very rapidly control both real- and reactive power flows in a
transmission line . It is configured as shown in Fig.3 and Figure 4. Power System Stabilizer Model
comprises two VSCs coupled through common dc terminal.
One VSC—converter1—is connected in shunt with the line VI. SIMULATION MODEL AND RESULTS
through a coupling transformer; the other VSC—converter 2— The Matlab software is used to analysis of transient stability of
is inserted in series with the transmission line through an the multi-machine, IEEE 9-bus bar power system network using
interface transformer. The dc voltage for both converters is ieee std 421.5 power system stabilizer. The base MVA and
provided by a common capacitor bank. The series converter is system frequency are considered to be 100 MVA and 50 Hz,
controlled to inject a voltage phasor, Vpq, in series with the respectively. The Here, generator G1 is connected to slack bus
line, which can be varied from 0 to Vpq max. Moreover, the 1, whereas generators 2 (G2) and 3 (G3) are connected to bus
phase angle of Vpq can be independently varied from 00 to bars 2 and 3, respectively. Loads A, B and C are connected in
3600. In this process, the series converter exchanges both real bus bars 5, 7 and 8 respectively. The transient stability analysis
and reactive power with the transmission line. Although the has been carried out by monitoring the performance of the
reactive power is internally generated/ absorbed by the series generators (G1, G2 and G2) and different buses. The transient
converter, the real-power generation/ absorption is made stability analysis of this power system network have been
feasible by the dc-energy–storage device—that is, the capacitor. considered when three phase fault occurs in the network.
The shunt-connected converter 1 is used mainly to supply the
real-power demand of converter 2, which it derives from the A. IEEE 9-bus bar power system with Three Phase Fault
transmission line itself. The shunt converter maintains constant
IEEE 9-bus bar power system as shown in fig.-5 is considered
voltage of the dc bus. Thus the net real power drawn from the
in this study.
ac system is equal to the losses of the two converters and their
coupling transformers. In addition, the shunt converter functions
like a STATCOM and independently regulate the terminal
voltage of the interconnected bus by generating/ absorbing a
requisite amount of reactive power .

Figure 3. UPFC Model Figure 5. IEEE 9-bus power system during Three Phase Fault

IJISRT18FB212 www.ijisrt.com 818

Volume 3, Issue 2, February – 2018 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456 –2165

It is considered that a 3-phase symmetrical short circuit fault of Fault STATCOM Stability Stability Stability
0.1seconds occur at bus B4. The fault is cleared of 0.5 seconds. Position position time for time for time for
The system losses its stability. Hence the FACTS devices are delt delt delt
used to control stability problems. The PSS also included to this 2_1(in 3_2(in 3_1(in
MATLAB simulation. sec.) sec.) sec.)
Between Between bus
B. IEEE 9-bus bar power system with FACTS device bus 4 7 and bus 9 4.2 4.9 4.8
(STATCOM) and Power System Stabilizer and bus
IEEE 9-bus bar power system as shown in fig-6 is considered in 7
this study. Table 2. Stability time for STATCOM placed between bus 7
and bus 9

C. IEEE 9-bus bar power system with FACTS device (SVC) and
Power System Stabilizer.

IEEE 9-bus bar power system as shown in fig-8 is considered in

this study.

Figure 6. IEEE 9-bus power system installed with STATCOM

and PSS

The system has a STATCOM installed at B7. It is considered

that a 3-phase symmetrical short circuit fault of 0.1seconds
occur at bus B4. Put the Generic type PSS in service by setting
the command in PSS block equal to 1. Open the STATCOM
block menu and change the STATCOM mode of operation to Figure 8. IEEE 9-bus power system installed with SVC and PSS
voltage regulation. fig 7: shows the relative angular positions
for delt2_1, delt3_2and delt3_1 IEEE 9 bus system with
The system has a SVC installed at B7. It is considered that a 3-
STATCOM controller placed between Bus 7 and Bus 9 and
phase symmetrical short circuit fault of 0.1seconds occur at bus
fault taking place between Bus 4 and Bus 7.The total simulation
B4. Put the Generic type PSS in service by setting the command
time taken is 10 sec.
in PSS block equal to 1. Open the SVC block menu and change
the SVC mode of operation to voltage regulation. fig 9: shows
the relative angular positions for delt2_1, delt3_2and delt3_1
IEEE 9 bus system with SVC controller placed between Bus 7
and Bus 9 and fault taking place between Bus 4 and Bus 7.The
total simulation time taken is 10 sec.

Fault SVC Stability Stability Stability

Position position time for time for time for
delt delt delt
2_1(in 3_2(in 3_1(in
sec.) sec.) sec.)
Between Between
bus 4 and bus 7 and 4.8 5.4 5.2
Figure 7. Relative two rotor angle positions for delt2_1, bus 7 bus 9
delt3_2and delt3_1 IEEE 9 bus system with STATCOM and Table 3. Stability time for SVC placed between bus 7 and bus 9
PSS

IJISRT18FB212 www.ijisrt.com 819

Volume 3, Issue 2, February – 2018 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456 –2165

Fault UPFC Stability Stability Stability

Position position time for time for time for
delt delt delt
2_1(in 3_2(in 3_1(in
sec.) sec.) sec.)
Between Between
bus 4 and bus 7 and 3.8 4.15 4
bus 7 bus 9
Table 4. Stability time for UPFC placed between bus 7and bus 9

Figure 9. Relative two rotor angle positions for delt2_1,

delt3_2and delt3_1 IEEE 9 bus system with SVC and PSS

D. IEEE 9-bus bar power system with FACTS device (UPFC)

and Power System Stabilizer

IEEE 9-bus bar power system as shown in fig-10 is considered

in this study.
Figure 11. Relative two rotor angle positions for delt2_1,
delt3_2and delt3_1 IEEE 9 bus system with UPFC and PSS

E. Comparison between FACTS Devices

From the simulation results shown in Fig 7-Fig 9 and Fig 11, a
comparison is made between the above FACTS devices for
stability enhancement of IEEE 9 bus system as shown in Table-
5. From the Table-5, it is inferred that UPFC is the effective
FACT device for stability enhancement over STATCOM and
SVC as the post settling time obtained from the use of UPFC is
less as compared to that obtained from STATCOM and SVC.

FACTS FACTS Stability Stability Stability

Device position time for time for time for
delt delt delt
2_1(in 3_2(in 3_1(in
sec.) sec.) sec.)
Figure 10. IEEE 9-bus power system installed with UPFC and Between
PSS STATCOM bus 7 and 4.2 4.9 4.8
bus 9
The system has a UPFC installed at B7. It is considered that a 3- Between
phase symmetrical short circuit fault of 0.1seconds occur at bus SVC bus 7 and 4.8 5.4 5.2
B4. Put the Generic type PSS in service by setting the command bus 9
in PSS block equal to 1. Open the UPFC block menu and Between
change the UPFC mode of operation to power flow control. Fig UPFC bus 7 and 3.8 4.15 4
11: shows the relative angular positions for delt2_1, delt3_2and bus 9
delt3_1 IEEE 9 bus system with SVC controller placed between Table 5. Comparison between FACTS Devices for Power
Bus 7 and Bus 9 and fault taking place between Bus 4 and Bus System
7.The total simulation time taken is 10 sec.

IJISRT18FB212 www.ijisrt.com 820

Volume 3, Issue 2, February – 2018 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456 –2165

[11] S.K.Sethy, J.K.Moharana, “Design, Analysis and

VII. CONCLUSION Simulation of Linear Model of a STATCOM for
The power system stability has been compared and discussed Reactive Power Compensation with Variation of DC-
for improvement of a 3-machine 9 bus system by STATCOM, link Voltage” IJEIT, Volume 2, Issue 5, November
SVC & UPFC. The dynamic behaviour of the power system is 2012.
compared with the presence of STATCOM, SVC & UPFC in [12] Prof. P.S.R. Murthy, “Power System Analysis”,
the system in the event of a major disturbance. Then the Hyderabad: BS Publications, 2007.
performance of UPFC for power system stability improvement [13] M. Srinivasa Rao, L. Murali Mohan, “Transient
is compared with the STATCOM and SVC. It is clear from the Stability Performance Analysis of Power System
simulation results that there is a considerable improvement in Using Facts Devices” IJERA, Volume 4, Issue 2,
the system performance with the use of UPFC for which settling February 2014.
time in post fault is found to be around 3.8 sec. [14] Sanjiv Kumar, Dr. Narendra Kumar, “Effectiveness of
FACTS Devices for Power System Stability
Enhancement” IJAES, Volume 1, Issue 2, April 2011.
VIII. REFERENCES [15] P R Sharma, Narender Hooda, “Transient Stability
Analysis of Power System Using Matlab” IJESRT,
Volume 1, Issue 7, September 2012.
[16] Hingorani, N. G., &Gyugyi, L. (2000). Understanding
[1] Dr. Raja Singh Khela and Sandeep kaur, “Transient
FACTS: concepts and technology of flexible AC
Stability Using FACTS Controller”, IJLTET, Volume 7,
Issue 1, May 2016. transmission systems (Vol. 1). M. El-Hawary (Ed.).
[2] Shenglong Yu, Tat Kei Chau, and Tyrone Fernando, New York: IEEE press.
[17] Murali, D., Rajaram, D. M., &Reka, N. (2010).
Andrey V. Savkin, and Herbert H.-C. Iu, “Novel Quasi-
Comparison of FACTS devices for power system
Decentralized SMC-Based Frequency and Voltage Stability
stability enhancement. International Journal of
Enhancement Strategies using Valve Position Control and
Computer Applications (0975–8887) Volume, 30-35.
FACTS Device”, IEEE Access, May 2016.
[3] Bhuvan Sharma Arvind Sharma, “Power System Stability [18] Deshpande, A. S., Kadam, P. A. and Rana, V. M.
Enhancement Using FACTS”, IJARCSSE, Volume 5, Issue (2011, May). First Swing Stability of Power System
Using FACTS Device. 2011 National Conference on
5, May 2015.
Recent trends in Engineering and Technology.
[4] Tingjian Liu, Youbo Liu, and Junyong Liu, Yue Yang,
[19] Rath, S., Sahu B., & Dash, P. (2012). Power System
Gareth A. Taylor, and Zhengwen Huang, “Multi-
indicator Inference Scheme for Fuzzy Assessment of Operation and Control Using FACTS Devices.
Power System Transient Stability”, IEEE, Volume 2, International Journal of Engineering Research and
Technology. 1(5).
Issue 3, September 2016.
[20] Murali, D., &Rajaram, M. (2010). Active and Reactive
[5] Yang Liu, Q. H. Wu, and Haotian Kang, Xiaoxin
Power Flow Control using FACTS
Zhou, “Switching Power System Stabilizer and Its
Devices. International Journal of Computer
Coordination for Enhancement of Multi-machine
Power System Stability”, IEEE, Volume 2, Issue 2, Applications. 9(8). 45-50.
June 2016. [21] Kumar, A., &Priya, G. (2012, December). Power
system stability enhancement using FACTS controllers.
[6] Divya Prakash, Er. Vinay Kumar, “Enhancing Stability
In Emerging Trends in Electrical Engineering and
of Multi-Machine IEEE 9 Bus Power System Network
Energy Management (ICETEEEM), 2012 International
Using PSS”, IJAREEIE, Volume 4, Issue 5, May 2015.
Conference on (pp. 84-87). IEEE.
[7] Ben-Sheng Chen and Yuan-Yih Hsu, “An Analytical
Approach to Harmonic Analysis and Controller Design [22] Kodsi, S. M., &Canizares, C. A. (2003). Modeling and
of a STATCOM”, IEEE, Volume 22, Issue 1, January simulation of IEEE 14 bus system with FACTS
controllers. University of Waterloo, Canada, Tech.
2007.
Rep.
[8] Siwei Liu, Gengyin Li, and Ming Zhou, “Power
[23] Haddad, S., Haddouche, A. &Bouyeda, H. (2009,
System Transient Stability Analysis with Integration of
April). The use of FACTS Devices in Distributed
DFIGs Based on Center of Inertia” IEEE, Volume 2,
Issue 2, June 2016. power systems-Modelling, Interface and case
study.International Journal of Computer and Electrical
[9] P. Kundar, “Power System Stability and Control”.
Engineering. 1(1).
NewYork: McGraw-Hill, 1994.
[24] Abido, M. A. (2009). POWER SYSTEM STABILITY
[10] Swaroop Kumar.Nallagalva,Mukesh Kumar Kirar, and
ENHANCEMENT USING FACTS CONTROLLERS:
Dr.Ganga Agnihotri, “Transient Stability Analysis of
the IEEE 9-Bus Electric Power System” IJSET, A REVIEW. Arabian Journal for Science &
Volume 1, Issue 3, July 2012. Engineering (Springer Science & Business Media

IJISRT18FB212 www.ijisrt.com 821

Volume 3, Issue 2, February – 2018 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456 –2165

BV), 34. Stability Improvement Using FACTS

[25] Somalwar, R. &Khemaria, M. (2012, March). A Devices. International Journal of Modern Engineering
Review of enhancement of Transient stability using Research, 1(2), 666-672.
FACTS Devices. International journal of Emerging [29] ABAZARI, & EMADI. (2003). Transient stability
Technologies in Sciences and Engineering, 5(3). improvement by using advanced static VAR
[26] Venkateswarlu, K. and Babu, C. S,. (2011, May). compensators. Electric Power Components and
Analysis and Enhancement of Transient Stability using Systems, 31(4), 321-334.
SHUNT Controlled FACTS Controllers. International [30] Kaur, T. and Kakran, S. (2012). Transient stability
Journal of Engineering Sciences Research. 1(2). Improvement of Long Transmission Line System by
[27] Overbye, T. J., & Brown, D. (1993, August). Use of Using SVC. International Journal of Advanced
FACTS devices for power system stability Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation
enhancement. In Circuits and Systems, 1993. Engineering. 1(4).
Proceedings of the 36th Midwest Symposium on (pp.
1019-1022). IEEE.
[28] Mohanty, A. K., &Barik, A. K. (2011). Power System

IJISRT18FB212 www.ijisrt.com 822