CONFIDENTIAL HS/OCT 2006/ANP400

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

FINAL EXAMINATION

COURSE : ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 1

COURSE CODE : ANP400
EXAMINATION : OCTOBER 2006
TIME : 2 HOURS

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

1. This question paper consists of two (2) parts : PART A (50 Questions)

PART B (3 Questions)

2. Answer ALL questions from all two (2) parts.

i) Answer PART A in the OMR Multiple Choice Answer Sheet.

ii) Answer PART B in the Answer Booklet. Start each answer on a new page.
3. Do not bring any material into the examination room unless permission is given by the
invigilator.

4. Please check to make sure that this examination pack consists of:

i) the Question Paper

ii) an Answer Booklet - provided by the Faculty
iii) an OMR Multiple Choice Answer Sheet - provided by the Faculty

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO

This examination paper consists of 13 printed pages
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CONFIDENTIAL 2 HS/OCT 2006/ANP400

PART A (50 marks)

Answer ALL questions.

Choose the MOST appropriate answer for each question.

1. Which of the following statements regarding the vertebral, occipital and buccal
regions is TRUE?

A. All of these regions are located dorsally.

B~ *AH«©f these regions are located ventrally.
C. Only the vertebral and occipital regions are located dorsally.
D. Only the vertebral and buccal regions are located ventrally.
E. Only the occipital and buccal regions are located dorsally.

2. The are ipsilateral to each other.

A. heart and diaphragm

B. right arm and left arm
C. left lung and right lung
D. collar bones and shoulder blades
E. vertebral column and digestive organs

3. A (an) is a "non-leaky" cell junction that creates a permeability barrier

across a continuous epithelial layer, keeping material either in or out.

A. adherrans junction
B. gap junction
C. hemidesmosome
D. desmosome
E. tight junction

4. The reason the lipid bilayer of a plasma membrane is asymmetrical is that the

A. phosphoiipids are randomly arranged.

B. glycolipids make up the outer layer, while the phosphoiipids make up the inner
layer.
C. cholesterol molecules line up on the inner surface of the membrane.
D. Phosphoiipids in the outer layer are larger molecule than those of the inner layer.
E. Glycolipids appear only on the extracellular side of the membrane.

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CONFIDENTIAL 3 HS/OCT 2006/ANP400

5. A cell that is actively synthesizing large amounts of enzymes for use outside the cell
has a large amount of .

A. cytoplasmic inclusions
B. mitochondria
C. rough endoplasmic reticulum
D. smooth endoplasmic reticulum
E. proteosomes

6. Which of the following is (are) known to be self-replicating?

A. Ribosomes.
B. Peroxisomes.
C. Mitochondria.
D. Golgi complex.
E. Both B and C.

7. Which of the following pairs of epithelial type and location is MISMATCHED?

A. Squamose epithelium lining of alveoli of lungs.

B. Simple columnar epithelium lining of stomach.
C. Stratified cuboidal epithelium lining of pharynx.
D. Pseudostratified columnar epithelium lining of trachea.
E. Transitional epithelium lining of urinary bladder.

8. Which of the following connective tissue cells secrete antibodies?

A. Adipocytes.
B. Fibroblasts.
C. Reticulocytes.
D. Mast cells.
E. Plasma cells.

9. The are cutaneous receptors that are specialized for the reception of
deep cutaneous pressure and vibration.

A. Meissner's corpuscles
B. Pacinian corpuscles
C. Krause's end bulbs
D. Merkel's disks
E. Ruffini corpuscles

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CONFIDENTIAL 4 HS/OCT 2006/ANP400

10. The FIRST step in tissue repair involves

A. replacement of destroyed tissue by the same kind of cells.

B. proliferation of fibrous connective tissue.
C. Inflammation to dilate capillaries and increase blood supply.
D. formation of granulation tissue.
E. formation of scar tissue from transposed collagen fibers.

11. Every surface we are in contact with daily, including the water we wash with, is full of
bacterial cells and fungal spores. All of the following protect us from bacterial or
ftfngal skin infection EXCEPT the .

A. production of sebum
B. presence of keratinocytes
C. presence of Langerhans' cells
D. low pH of skin secretions which provide an acid mantle
E. constant high temperature maintained by the skin

12. All of the following statements regarding skin glands are true EXCEPT:

A. Apocrine sweat glands are found mainly in the axilla and groin.
B. Sebaceous glands are not present in the palms and soles of the feet.
C. Apocrine sweat glands are important in the regulation of body temperature.
D. Apocrine sweat glands vary in size with changes in a woman's hormonal
balance.
E. Eccrine sweat plays a role in waste elimination.

13. is the forerunner of the development of long bones in the embryo.

A. Dense hyaline cartilage

B. Elastic connective tissue
C. Dense fibrous connective tissue
D. Hyaline cartilage
E. Fibrocartilage

14. All of following are normal sites of haemopoiesis in an adult EXCEPT the.

A. clavicle
B. pelvis
C. rib
D. sternum
E. vertebral bodies

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CONFIDENTIAL 5 HS/OCT 2006/ANP400

15. For intramembranous ossification to take place, which of the following is necessary?

A. A bone collar forms around the cartilage model.

B. An ossification center forms in the fibrous connective tissue.
C. The fibrocartilage matrix begins to deteriorate and is replaced by bone.
D. A medullary cavity forms and is invaded by blood vessels.
E. Chondrocytes begin to secrete osteoid tissue.

16. Bones constantly remodels and redistributes its matrix along lines of .

A. blood flow
B. nervous stimulation
C. canaliculi
D. mechanical stress
E. overlying muscles

17. Which of the following pairs of joint and joint type is CORRECT?

A. Atlanto-occipital joint pivot

B. Tarso-metarsal joint saddle
C. Coxal joint ellipsoid
D. Talo-tibial joint hinge
E. Gleno-humeral joint plane

18. Which of the following statements regarding joints and joint structures is FALSE?

A. Meniscus refers to a semilunar cartilage pad.

B. Bursae are connective tissue pads lined with by synovial membranes that act as
cushions in places where friction develops.
C. The major role of ligaments at synovial joints is to help direct movement and
prevent undesirable movement.
D. The major function of tendon sheaths is to help stabilize adjacent structures which
form the joint.
E. Articular cartilage capping the bones in a synovial joint are innervated and highly
vascular.

19. Twiddling the thumb demonstrates the action that occurs at a joint.

A. hinge
B. gliding
C. saddle
D. condyloid
E. ball and socket

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CONFIDENTIAL 6 HS/OCT 2006/ANP400

20. The condition of skeletal muscle fatigue can be best explained by

A. the all-or-none law.

B. the inability to generate sufficient quantities of adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP)
due to feedback regulation of synthesis.
C. insufficient intracellular quantities of ATP due to excessive consumption.
D. inadequate numbers of mitochondria.
E. the re-absorption of calcium into he sarcoplasmic reticulum.

21. Which of the following actions would be classified as an isometric contraction?

A. Opening a door.
B. Tying your shoe lace.
C. Throwing a ball.
D. Pushing against a stationary wall.
E. Lifting a glass of water to your mouth.

22. The can elevate and depress the scapula.

A. rhomboid major and minor

B. levator scapulae
C. serratus anterior
D. trapezius
E. pectoralis minor

23. The posterior group of forearm muscles is responsible for.

A. flexion of the wrist

B. extension of the wrist
C. flexion of the fingers
D. extension of the fingers
E. extension of the wrist and fingers.

24. Inability to abduct and adduct the fingers and atrophy of the interosseous muscles of
the hand indicates injury to the nerve.

A. axillary
B. radial
C. median
D. ulnar
E. musculocutaneous

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CONFIDENTIAL 7 HS/OCT 2006/ANP400

25. The is unique in that its insertion is to a fascia rather than to bone.

A. extensor carpi ulnaris

B. flexor digitorum profundus
C. extensor digitorum
D. palmaris longus
E. adductor pollicis

26. The boundaries of the "anatomical snuffbox" are formed by the following muscles
EXCEPT .

A. abductor pollicis longus

B. extensor pollicis longus
C. extensor pollicis brevis
D. extensor indicis
E. A and C

27. The proximal digital flexion crease of the skin serves as a landmark for the

A. metacarpophalangeal joint
B. proximal interphalangeal joint
C. base of the proximal phalanx
D. midshaft of the proximal phalanx
E. superficial palmar arterial arch

28. Within the cubital fossa, which is the CORRECT order of arrangement of structures
from lateral to medial?

A. Median nerve, brachial artery and biceps brachii tendon.

B. Biceps brachii tendon, brachial artery and median nerve.
C. Brachial artery, median nerve and biceps brachii tendon.
D. Brachial artery, biceps brachii tendon and median nerve.
E. Median nerve, biceps brachii tendon and brachial artery.

29. Which of the following statements is FALSE about the bones of the upper extremity?

A. The spine of the scapula is located at the third thoracic (T3) level.
B. The surgical neck of the humerus is located above the level of the greater and
lesser tubercles.
C. The trochlea of the humerus articulates with the ulna.
D. The styloid process of the ulna is located on its medial side.
E. The triquetral bone is located medial to the lunate bone.

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CONFIDENTIAL 8 HS/OCT 2006/ANP400

30. Which of the following structures are found in the lateral wall of the axilla?

A. Pectoralis major and pectoralis minor.

B. Latissimus dorsi and serrator anterior.
C. Biceps brachii tendon and teres major.
D. Subscapularis and subclacius.
E. Coracobrachialis and biceps brachii.

31. The does NOT pass through the carpal tunnel.

Ar-flexor digitorum superficialis.

B. flexor digitorum profundus.
C. flexor pollicis longus.
D. flexor carpi ulnaris.
E. median nerve.

32. Severance of the ulnar nerve at the elbow would completely paralyze the.

A. flexor carpi ulnaris

B. pronator teres
C. flexor pollicis longus
D. flexor digitorum superficialis
E. flexor digitorum profundus

33. Which of the following statements concerning the radial nerve is FALSE?

A. It innervates extensors of the elbow and wrist joints.

B. It is accompanied by the profunda brachii artery in the radial groove.
C. It provides cutaneous innervation to the medial 1/3 of the dorsum of the hand.
D. It innervates the brachioradialis muscle.
E. It arises from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus.

34. Which of the following statements regarding the small saphenous vein is TRUE?

A. It ascends along the ankle anterior to the lateral malleolus.

B. It drains directly into the femoral vein.
C. It is the site of vein "cutdown" for intravenous injections.
D. It unlike the great saphenous vein is valveless.
E. It originates from lateral side of the dorsal venous arch of the foot.

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CONFIDENTIAL 9 HS/OCT 2006/ANP400

35. All of the following are flexors of the leg EXCEPT the

A. gracilis.
B. semimembranosus.
C. biceps femoris.
D. semitendinosus.
E. adductor magnus (hamstring part).

36. The blood supply to the head of the femur from the artery is conveyed along
the ligament at the fovea capitis.

A. obturator
B. profunda femoris
C. external iliac
D. inferior gluteal
E. superior gluteal

37. Damage to the right superior gluteal nerve would result in a (an)

A. loss of ability to abduct the left leg.

B. tilting of the pelvis when the right leg leaves the ground during walking.
C. loss of ability to abduct the right thigh.
D. loss of ability to extend the right thigh.
E. inability to laterally rotate the right thigh.

38. Each of the following statements regarding the femoral sheath is true EXCEPT:

A. It is formed by the fascia lata.

B. It encloses the proximal portions of the femoral artery and vein.
C. The femoral nerve is lateral to the femoral sheath.
D. The medial compartment is the site for potential femoral hernias.
E. It is divided into three compartments with the femoral artery in the lateral
compartment.

39. An inability to dorsiflex the foot at the ankle can be caused by injury to the
nerve.

A. sural
B. femoral
C. deep peroneal
D. superficial peronal
E. tibial

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CONFIDENTIAL 10 HS/OCT 2006/ANP400

40. Which of the following nerves is in danger of being severed by the fracture of the
neck of the fibula?

A. Common peroneal nerve.

B. Lateral sural nerve.
C. Saphenous nerve.
D. Sciatic nerve.
E. Tibial nerve.

41. The is the most anterior of the tendons passing behind the medial
maUeolus at the ankle

A. tibialis anterior
B. tibialis posterior
C. flexor digitorum longus
D. flexor hallucis longus
E. extensor hallucis longus

42. The ligament prevents hyperextension of the knee and may be involved in
locking of this joint.

A. oblique
B. transverse
C. lateral (fibular) collateral
D. anterior cruciate
E. posterior cruciate

43. The enable(s) a person to cross one leg over the other while in a sitting
position.

A. gastrocnemius
B. sartorius
C. hamstring muscles
D. quardriceps femoris
E. semimembranosus

44. When the arm is abducted and lifted above the horizontal plane, the order of
muscular contractions is

A. trapezius, deltoid, and then serratus anterior.

B. deltoid, deltoid and supraspinatus, and then serratus anterior.
C. supraspinatus, deltoid and supraspinatus, and then serratus anterior.
D. deltoid, trapezius and deltoid, and then serratus anterior.
E. serratus anterior, deltoid, and then supraspinatus.

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CONFIDENTIAL 11 HS/OCT 2006/ANP400

45. All of the following structures are attached to the greater tuberosity of the humerus
EXCEPT the .

A. supraspinatus muscle
B. coracohumeral ligament
C. teres minor muscle
D. infraspinatus muscle
E. subscapularis muscle

46. An inability to oppose the thumb to the little finger can result from damage to the
- nerve.

A. ulnar
B. axillary
C. radial
D. median
E. musculocutaneous

47. The following structures pass posterior to the flexor retinaculum of the wrist EXCEPT
the

A. flexor digitorum superficialis tendons

B. median nerve
C. flexor pollicis longus tendon
D. ulnar nerve
E. interosseous nerve

48. The anterior fascial compartment of the forearm contains the following arteries
EXCEPT the artery.

A. ulnar
B. radial
C. brachial
D. brachial profunda
E. anterior interosseous

49. The tendon of the is an important landmark because radial pulse can be
felt just lateral to it.

A. palmaris longus
B. flexor pollicis longus
C. extensor pollicis longus
D. flexor carpi radialis
E. extensor carpi radialis

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CONFIDENTIAL 12 HS/OCT 2006/ANP400

50. All of the following muscles extend the wrist EXCEPT the extensor

A. digitorum
B. digiti minimi
C. pollicis brevis
D. carpi ulnaris
E. carpi radialis brevis

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CONFIDENTIAL 13 HS/OCT 2006/ANP400

PART B (50 marks)

Answer ALL questions.

QUESTION 1

Describe the following:

a) The axilla.
(10 marks)

b) The popliteal fossa.

(8 marks)

QUESTION 2

a) With the help of appropriate illustration(s), describe the hip joint.

(12 marks)

b) What are the movements of the hip joint and the muscles involved?
(5 marks)

QUESTION 3

a) Baseball players, especially pitchers, are susceptible to injuries that affect the rotator
cuff muscles.

i) In what area of the body are these muscles located and what specific muscles
may be affected?
(2 marks)
ii) What are the origins, insertions, innervations and actions of these specific
muscles?
(10 marks)

b) Roger, a pitcher, dislocated his shoulder. Although he received immediate medical

treatment, he can still feel his shoulder slipping out of joint every time he tries to
raise his arms to begin his pitching motion. What could be the anatomical problem?
(3 marks)

END OF QUESTION PAPER

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