FABRICATION OF PNEUMATIC BELT CONVEYOR

PROJECT REPORT 2016-2017

Submitted by:
(Team name)

COLLEGE LOGO

Guided by:

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement

for the
Award of Diploma in -----------------------------------------
By the State Board of Technical Education
Government of
Tamilnadu, Chennai.

Department:
College name:
Place:

COLLEGE NAME

COIMBATORE

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

PROJECT REPORT-2016-2017

This Report is certified to be the Bonafide work done by

Selvan/Selvi ---------------- Reg.No. ------------ Of VI Semester
class of this college.

Guide Head of the Department

Submitter for the Practical Examinations of the board of

Examinations,State Board of Technical Education,Chennai,
TamilNadu.On --------------(date) held at the ------------(college
name),Coimbatore

Internal Examiner External Examiner

DEDICATED TO OUR BELOVED
PARENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

At this pleasing moment of having successfully completed

our project, we wish to convey our sincere thanks and gratitude
to the management of our college and our beloved
chairman------------------------.who provided all the facilities to us.

We would like to express our sincere thanks to our principal

------------------for forwarding us to do our project and offering
adequate duration in completing our project.

We are also grateful to the Head of Department

prof…………., for her/him constructive suggestions
&encouragement during our project.

With deep sense of gratitude, we extend our earnest

&sincere thanks to our guide --------------------, Department of
Mechanical for her/him kind guidance and encouragement
during this project we also express our indebt thanks to our
TEACHING staff of MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT,
---------- (college Name).
FABRICATION OF PNEUMATIC BELT

CONVEYOR
CONTENTS
 CONTENTS

CHAPTER NO TITLE
SYNOPSIS
LIST OF FIGURES
1 Introduction
2 Literature review
3 Description of equipments
3.1 Pneumatic rotor
3.2 Belt
3.3 Worm gear
3.4 compressor
4 Design and drawing
4.1 Components and Specification
4.2 Overall diagram
5 Working principle
6 Merits and demerits
7 Applications
8 List of materials
9 Cost Estimation
10 Conclusion
Bibliography
photography
LIST OF FIGURES
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure
Number Title

1 Overall Diagram
SYNOPSIS
 SYNOPSIS

This project is pneumatic belt conveyor beings with an introduction to

pneumatic its various applications and units and briefly explains a few devices

capable of producing air and their relative merits. The pneumatic belt conveyor is

equipment and it is very useful for material handling in modern engineering

industries. It is operated by pneumatic system. Air is the working substance of

our machine. This system gives smooth movement of the belts to the jobs at

required time.
 CHAPTER -1
INTRODUCTION
 CHAPTER -1
INTRODUCTION

Man has needed and used energy at an increasing rate for its

sustenance and well being since he came on the earth a few million years

ago. Primitive man required energy primarily in the form of food. He

derived this by eating plants or animals, which he hunted. Subsequently

he discovered fire and his energy needs increased as he added as he

started to make use of wood and other bio mass to supply the energy

needs for cooking as well as agriculture. He added a mew dimension to

the use of energy by domesticating and training animals to work for him.

With further demand for energy, man began to use the winds for sailing

ships and for driving windmills, and the force of failing water to turn water

wheels. Till this time, it would not be wrong to say that the sun was

supplying all the energy needs of man either directly or indirectly and that

man was using only renewable sources of energy. The industrial

revolution, which began with the discovery of the steam engine (AD

1700), brought about great many changes. For the first time, man began

to use a new source of energy, viz. coal, in large quantities.

 CHAPTER -2
LITRATURE SURVEY
 CHAPTER -2
LITRATURE SURVEY

BELT-CONVEYOR

A belt conveyor consists of two pulleys, with a continuous loop of

material - the conveyor belt - that rotates about them. One or both of the

pulleys are powered, moving the belt and the material on the belt forward.

The powered pulley is called the drive pulley while the unpowered pulley

is called the idler. There are two main industrial classes of belt conveyors.

Those in general material handling such as those moving boxes

along inside a factory and bulk material handling such as those used to

transport industrial and agricultural materials, such as grain, coal, ores,

etc. generally in outdoor locations.

Generally companies providing general material handling type belt

conveyors do not provide the conveyors for bulk material handling. In

addition there are a number of commercial applications of belt conveyors

such as those in grocery stores.

The belt consists of one or more layers of material. Many belts in

general material handling have two layers. An under layer of material to

provide linear strength and shape called a carcass and an over layer
called the cover. The carcass is often a cotton or plastic web or mesh.

The cover is often various rubber or plastic compounds specified by use

of the belt. Covers can be made from more exotic materials for unusual

applications such as silicone for heat or gum rubber when traction is

essential.
 CHAPTER-3

DESCRIPTION OF EQUIPMENTS
 CHAPTER-3

DESCRIPTION OF EQUIPMENTS

3.1 PNEUMATIC ROTOR:

A pneumatic drill or jackhammer is a portable percussive drill

powered by compressed air (though the same type of equipment mounted

to construction machinery can also be hydraulically powered). It is used to

drill rock and break up pavement, among other applications. The

operation is similar to a hammer and chisel, with an internal hammer

driven in both directions by alternate blasts of compressed air: first down

to strike the back of the bit, then back up to repeat the cycle, while the

chisel (or bit) usually recovers from the stroke by means of a spring.

A rotary drill powered by compressed air is called an air-drill or

familiarly, a windy-drill or rotary hammer.) The word jackhammer is used

in North American English and in Australia, and pneumatic drill is used

colloquially elsewhere in the English speaking world, although (road)

breaker is used in the trade.

The portable pneumatic jackhammer is impractical for use against

walls and steep slopes, as this would require the user to both support the

weight of the tool, and provide the horizontal force needed to drive the
tool back against the work after each blow. A technique developed by

experienced laborers is the use of two man teams to overcome this

obstacle of gravity. One laborer operates the hammer and the second

assists by holding the hammer either on his shoulders or cradled in his

arms. Both use their combined weight to push the bit into the workface.

This method is commonly referred to as horizontal jackhammering.

Another method is overhead jackhammering, requiring strength

conditioning and endurance to hold a smaller jackhammer, called a rivet

buster, over one's head.

Its pneumatic hose connections are designed so that any hose will

connect with any other hose without attention to male and female hose-

ends. see Gender of connectors and fasteners.

AIR SUPPLY

The air supply for a jackhammer usually comes from a portable

compressor driven by a diesel engine. Reciprocating compressors were

formerly used. The unit comprised a reciprocating compressor driven,

through a centrifugal clutch, by a diesel engine. The engine's governor

provided only two speeds:

 idling, when the clutch was disengaged

  maximum, when the clutch was engaged and the compressor was

running

Modern versions use rotary compressors and have more

sophisticated variable governors. The unit is usually mounted on a trailer

and sometimes includes an electrical generator to supply lights or electric

power tools. Makes of portable compressor sold in the UK include Atlas

Copco, CompAir and Ingersoll Rand.

PNEUMATIC DRILL (OR) PNEUMATIC ROTOR

General Duty,

Chuck Capacity 3/8 In, HP 0.33,

Free Speed 2100 RPM,

Average CFM 8.0,

Required Pressure 90 PSI,

Air Inlet NPT 1/4 In,

Minimum Hose 3/8 In,

Length 6 1/8 In,

Reversing, Drill Chuck Type Keyed, Thumb Operated Forward and

Reverse Switch, Includes Chuck Key

3.2 BELT:

A conveyor belt is the carrying medium of a belt conveyor

system (often shortened to belt conveyor). A belt conveyor system is one

of many types of conveyor systems. A belt conveyor system consists of

two or more pulleys (sometimes referred to as drums), with an endless

loop of carrying medium—the conveyor belt—that rotates about them.

One or both of the pulleys are powered, moving the belt and the material

on the belt forward. The powered pulley is called the drive pulley while the

unpowered pulley is called the idler pulley. There are two main industrial

classes of belt conveyors; Those in general material handling such as

those moving boxes along inside a factory and bulk material

handling such as those used to transport large volumes of resources and

agricultural materials, such as grain, salt, coal, ore, sand, overburden and

more.

Today there are different types of conveyor belts that have been created

for conveying different kinds of material available in PVC and rubber

materials.

The belt consists of one or more layers of material. Many belts in general

material handling have two layers. An under layer of material to provide

linear strength and shape called a carcass and an over layer called the
cover. The carcass is often a woven fabric having a warp & weft. The

most common carcass materials are polyester, nylon and cotton. The

cover is often various rubber or plastic compounds specified by use of the

belt. Covers can be made from more exotic materials for unusual

applications such as silicone for heat or gum rubber when traction is

essential.

3.3 WORM GEAR:

A worm gear is type of mechanical gear. Worm gears are used

when large gear reductions are needed. It is common for worm gears to

have reductions of 20:1, and even up to 300:1 or greater.

Many worm gears have an interesting property that no other gear

set has: the worm can easily turn the gear, but the gear cannot turn the

worm. This is because the angle on the worm is so shallow that when the
gear tries to spin it, the friction between the gear and the worm holds the

worm in place. Very interesting usage of worm gears is in the Torsen

differential, which is used on some high-performance cars and trucks. A

gear consisting of a spirally threaded shaft and a wheel with marginal

teeth that meshes into it. The toothed wheel of this gear is called a worm

wheel. Compact structure saves mounting space.

ADVANTAGES OF WORM GEAR

 Highly accurate.

 Runs forward and backward.

 High overload capacity.

 Stable transmission with reduced vibration and noise.

3.4 COMPRESSOR:

Compressor is the air producing machine. They collect the airs from

the atmosphere are in the running of machine are engine. Air

compressors are utilized to raise the pressure of a volume of air. Air

compressors are available in many configurations and will operate over a

very wide range of flow rates and pressures. Compressed air was

expelled by primitive man to give glowing embers sufficient oxygen to

allow them to flare up into a fire. During the compression process, the

temperature increases as the pressure increases. This is known as

polytypic compression. The amount of compression power also increases

as the temperature increases. Compressors are staged thereby reducing

the temperature rise and improving the compression efficiency. The

temperature of the air leaving each stage is cooled prior to entering the

next stage. This cooling process is called intercooling. Volumetric

efficiency also increases with multi-stage compression since the pressure

ratio over the first stage will be decreased.

Selection of the air compressor is only the first step in designing an

efficient and reliable compressed air system. The air exiting the

compressor is saturated with moisture and will have compressor

lubricants (lubricated compressors only). Other chemicals that may have

been drawn into the compressor intake may also be present. This

contamination is harmful to many processes, pneumatic tools,

instruments and equipment. Air purification equipment, filters, air dryers,

breathing air purifiers, monitoring equipment, used alone or in

combination will remove these contaminants. Selection and purchase of

the compressor and necessary purification equipment can be easily done

on the Compressed air site. Our application engineers are ready to

answer all of your questions and to assist you in placing your order. And it
work in the process of rotating the fan and the piston movement with the

help of current supply.

 CHAPTER-IV

DESIGN OF EQUIPMENT AND DRAWING

 CHAPTER-IV

DESIGN OF EQUIPMENT AND DRAWING

4.1 COMPONENTS AND ITS SPECIFICATION

The fabrication of pneumatic belt conveyor is consists of the

following components to full fill the requirements of complete operation of

the machine.

1. Pneumatic rotor

2. Belt

3. Worm gear

4. Compressor

5. Support frame

6. Roller
DRAWING
4.2 DRAWING FOR FABRICATION OF PNEUMATIC BELT

CONVEYOR
 CHAPTER-V

WORKING PRINCIPLE
 CHAPTER-V

WORKING PRINCIPLE

In this Project we are fabricating the conveyor Model is used

to carrying the objects from one end to another end. Here the one end of the

conveyor is used to place the object and its travel through another end of the

conveyor to collecting the object. The conveyor mechanism is to rotate roller

with the help of pneumatic arrangement and it is known as pneumatic rotor,

which is coupled in the conveyor roller with arrangement of worm gear to rotate

the conveyor system for to traveling the object or work piece from one place to

another place for the industrial purpose etc.., here the pneumatic rotor is rotate

with the help of air supply from the compressor or air tank arrangement. The air

is passed through the pneumatic rotor and it rotating blades which are fixed in the

rotor arrangement, and it will be rotate the worm gear arrangement to rotate the

conveyor. The pneumatic rotor is controlled by the using the gate valve as well as

using as the trigger which is fixed on the pneumatic rotor.

 CHAPTER -VI

MERITS AND DEMERIT

 CHAPTER -VI

MERITS AND DEMERIT

MERITS:

 Idle time of the machine is reduced

 When compared with the ordinary conveyer it consumes less time for

transporting the job

 It reduces the manual labour

 Hence production rate is high

 In this mechanism there is no backlash.

DEMERITS:

 Initial cost is high

 May be a chance of air leakage

CHAPTER-VII

APPLICATIONS
 CHAPTER-VII

APPLICATIONS

APPLICATIONS

 In all small and medium scale industries

 Material transportation application etc.,

 CHAPTER-VIII

LIST OF MATERIALS
 CHAPTER-VIII

LIST OF MATERIALS

FACTORS DETERMINING THE CHOICE OF MATERIALS

The various factors which determine the choice of material are

discussed below.
1. Properties:

The material selected must posses the necessary properties for the

proposed application. The various requirements to be satisfied

Can be weight, surface finish, rigidity, ability to withstand environmental

attack from chemicals, service life, reliability etc.

The following four types of principle properties of materials

decisively affect their selection

a. Physical

b. Mechanical

c. From manufacturing point of view

d. Chemical

The various physical properties concerned are melting point, thermal

Conductivity, specific heat, coefficient of thermal expansion, specific

gravity, electrical conductivity, magnetic purposes etc.

The various Mechanical properties Concerned are strength in tensile,

Compressive shear, bending, torsional and buckling load, fatigue

resistance, impact resistance, eleastic limit, endurance limit, and modulus

of elasticity, hardness, wear resistance and sliding properties.

The various properties concerned from the manufacturing point of

view are,

 Cast ability

 Weld ability

 Forge ability

 Surface properties

 Shrinkage

 Deep drawing etc.

2. Manufacturing case:

Sometimes the demand for lowest possible manufacturing cost or

surface qualities obtainable by the application of suitable coating

substances may demand the use of special materials.

3. Quality Required:

This generally affects the manufacturing process and ultimately the

material. For example, it would never be desirable to go casting of a less

number of components which can be fabricated much more economically

by welding or hand forging the steel.

4. Availability of Material:

Some materials may be scarce or in short supply. It then becomes

obligatory for the designer to use some other material which though may

not be a perfect substitute for the material designed. the delivery of

materials and the delivery date of product should also be kept in mind.

5. Space consideration:

Sometimes high strength materials have to be selected because the

forces involved are high and space limitations are there.

6. Cost:

As in any other problem, in selection of material the cost of material

plays an important part and should not be ignored.

Some times factors like scrap utilization, appearance, and non-

maintenance of the designed part are involved in the selection of proper

materials.
 CHAPTER-IX

COST ESTIMATION
 CHAPTER-IX

COST ESTIMATION

1. LABOUR COST:

Lathe, drilling, welding, grinding, power hacksaw, gas cutting cost

2. OVERGHEAD CHARGES:

The overhead charges are arrived by ”manufacturing cost”

Manufacturing Cost =Material Cost +Labour Cost

Overhead Charges =20%of the manufacturing cost

3. TOTAL COST:

Total cost = Material Cost +Labour Cost +Overhead Charges

Total cost for this project =

CHAPTER-X

CONCLUSION
 CHAPTER-X

CONCLUSION

The project carried out by us made an impressing task in the field of

small scale industries and automobile maintenance shops.

This project will reduce the cost involved in the concern. Project has

been designed to perform the entire requirement task at the shortest time

available.
 BIBLIGRAPHY

1. Design data book -P.S.G.Tech.

2. Machine tool design handbook –Central machine tool Institute,

Bangalore.

3. Strength of Materials -R.S.Kurmi

4. Manufacturing Technology -M.Haslehurst.

5. Design of machine elements- R.s.Kurumi

PHOTOGRAPHY