ELECTRICAL

EARTHING REASISTANCE CALCULATION

AS PER IS:3043
Document No. 0 Rev. No. A Class 1

EARTHING RESISTANCE
CALCULATION

CONTRACT NO :

PROJECT :

CLIENT :

SITE :

UNDER REVIEW

CONFIDENTIAL

A All NS 05/12/06 NST SS

Rev. Sheet Name Date Name Name Date Status Remark, kind of revision
Prepared, revised Checked Approved
Owner Document No. Basis document Q.L. DL-No. DCC

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 ELECTRICAL
EARTHING REASISTANCE CALCULATION
AS PER IS:3043

Document No. 0 Rev. No. A Class 1

Index of Revisions
Rev. Sheet Prepared, revised Checked Approved Remark, kind of revision
Name Date Name Name Date Status

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 ELECTRICAL
EARTHING REASISTANCE CALCULATION
AS PER IS:3043

Document No. 0 Rev. No. A Class 1

Table of Contents

Section Page

General Notes 4
Calcualtion Basis 5
Earthing Resistance for Strip and Pipe electroed 7
Earthing Resistance for Strip, Cable and Pipe electroed 9

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GENERAL NOTES

1. This document is an annexure to GS E&C Main document " Grounding Calculations" Document no.
2. The calculations have been done based on GI Strip and Pipe data considered from IS:3043
3 The Calculations are subject to revision as & when the main document gets revised due to change in any Data

PURPOSE
This calculation describe the Grounding calculation of the

REFERANCE DOCUMENTS

1
2
3
4
5
6

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 ELECTRICAL
EARTHING REASISTANCE CALCULATION
AS PER IS:3043

Document No. 0 Rev. No. A Class 1

A. EARTHING CALCULATION AS PER IS:3043

The following formulas are used for the spesification IS:3043 for calculations of Main Earthing Loop Resistance for Pipe Electrode and
Strip Electrode and theselection of Cross sectional area of Earth Conductor.

A.1 Resistance of Pipe Electrode

Where, L = Length of of Rod/pipe (cm)
Rp = 100 x ρ loge 4L Ohms d= Diameter of pipe (cm)
2ÕL d ρ = Resistivity of Soil (ohm-meter)

A.2 Resistance of Strip Electrode

Where, L = Length of of Strip (cm)
Rs = 100 x ρ loge 2L2 Ohms w = Depth of strip laying (cm)
2ÕL wT ρ = Resistivity of Soil (ohm-meter)
T = Width of strip (cm)
A.3 Earth Conductor Size
Where, I =RMS Value of Fault Current (Amp)
S = I√t S = Cross section area of conductor (mm²)
K t = Operating Time of disconnecting device (seconds)
K = Factor dependent on material of conductor
(taking from IS:3043 Table)

A.4 Total Earth Electrode Area

A = If / Id Where, If = Fault Current (amp)

Id = Electrode Current Dencity (A/m²)

Id = ( 7.57 x 103 ) / √ρ x t Where, Id = Electrode Current Density (A/m²)

ρ = Resistivity of Soil (ohm-meter)
t = Operating Time of disconnecting device (seconds)

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 ELECTRICAL
EARTHING REASISTANCE CALCULATION
AS PER IS:3043
Document No. 0 Rev. No. A Class 1

EARTHING CALCULATION FOR GI STRIP AND GI PIPE ELECTRODE

A. BASIC DATA REQUIRED FOR THE CALCULATION

Maximum Fault Level :

132 kV : 3000 MVA
6.6 kV : 254 MVA
415 V : 35 MVA
System Designed for Fault Duration : 1 Second
Soil Resistivity (PS) : 51 Ohm-meter
Voltage Variation : 10%
Earth Conductor : Galvanised Iron Strip
Eartth Electrode : Galvanised Iron Pipe
Type of joints : Lap welded
Max. Ambient temp. below ground : 50 °C
Desired resistance of Erath grid : 1 Ohm
K Factor for Steel 80

B. FAULT CURRENT CALCULATION

System Volatge (V) Fault Level (MVA) Fault Current (kA)

132,000 3,000.00 13.12
6,600 254.00 22.22
415 35.00 48.69

The earth conductor to be selected on the basis of highest fault current, i.e., 48.69 kA at 415 Bus Voltage

C. CROSS SECTION AREA OF EARTH CONDUCTOR

S = I√t = 608.67 Sq. mm

K
GI Strip Cross sectional ara
Height (mm) Width (mm) Cross Sectional Area (mm²) No. of Conductor
40 5 200 3.04
40 10 400 1.52
65 5 325 1.87
65 8 520 1.17
65 10 650 0.94

Hence, the GI Strip used for the main earthing mat is 65 x 10 mm² = 1 Nos.

D. CROSS SECTION AREA OF EARTH ELECTRODE

Earth Electroed Current Density :

Id = ( 7.57 x 103 ) / √ρ x t : 1060.01 Amp / m²
Earth Electrode Area : 45.94 m²
Taking extra Electrode Area (%) : 10
The Final Erath Electrode Area : 50.53 m²

THE TOTAL EARTH ELECTRODE AREA CONDIDERED FOR THE PLANT

Perimeter of the unit : 2000 Meter
Length of Strip Electrode : 2000 Meter
Total surface area of a Strip Electrode : 260.00 Sq. Meter ……………….. (A)

Nos. of GI Electrode Pipe Used in the plant : 50 Nos.

Length of the GI Pipe Electrode : 3.5 Meter
Effective Buried Length : 2.5 Meter
Diameter of the GI Pipe Electride : 50 mm 6/9
Total Surface area of the GI pipe Electrode : 19.64 Sq. Meter …………………..(B)

Total surface area of GI Strip and GI Pipe = (A)+(B) = : 279.65 Sq. Meter

Total Number of Earth Electrode : 5.53 Nos.

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 ELECTRICAL
EARTHING REASISTANCE CALCULATION
AS PER IS:3043

Document No. 0 Rev. No. A Class 1

EARTHING CALCULATION FOR GI STRIP AND GI PIPE ELECTRODE……… Contd.

E. EARTH RESISTANCE OE THE STRIP ELECTRODE

Resistivity of soil : 51 Ohm-meter

Length of strip : 200000 Cm
Depth of Buried electrode : 50 Cm
Width of strip : 6.5 Cm

EARTH RESISTANCE :
Resistance for each strip electode :
Rs = 100 x ρ loge 2L2 Ohms : 0.0784 Ohm
2ÕL wT
Nos. of Strip Electrode in parallel : 1
Resistance for all parallel Strip Eelctroed : 0.0784 Ohm ………………………………. ( C )

F. EARTH RESISTANCE OE THE PIPE ELECTRODE

Effective Buried Length : 250.00 Cm

Diameter of the GI Pipe Electride : 5.00 Cm
No. of Pipes in parallel (N) : 50 Nos.

Earth resistance for each GI Pipe Electrode :

Rp = 100 x ρ loge 4L Ohms = 17.19 Ohm

2ÕL d

Resistance for all parallel GI Pipe Electroed = R2 = (Rp/N) = 0.344 Ohm …………………………………(D)

Combined Resistance of Earth due to Pipe Electrode and Strip Electrode

= R1 x R2 = 0.0638 Ohm
(R1 +R2)

Grounding system is valid for the combined resistance less than 1.0 Ohm

GROUNDING SYSTEM IS = ACCEPTABLE

SUMMARY

A. GI STRIP ELECTRODE

SIZE OF ELECTRODE
NO. OF ELECTRODE
WIDTH (mm) HEIGHT (mm)
65 10 1

B. GI PIPE ELECTRODE

SIZE OF ELECTRODE
NO. OF ELECTRODE
LENGTH (mm) DIA (mm)
3500 50 50

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 ELECTRICAL
EARTHING REASISTANCE CALCULATION
AS PER IS:3043
Document No. 0 Rev. No. A Class 1

EARTHING CALCULATION FOR GI STRIP ELECTRODE AND CABLE

ELECTRONICS EARTH STATION

A. BASIC DATA REQUIRED FOR THE CALCULATION

Maximum Fault Level :

132 kV : 3000 MVA
6.6 kV : 254 MVA
415 V : 35 MVA
System Designed for Fault Duration : 1 Second
Soil Resistivity (PS) : 51 Ohm-meter
Voltage Variation : 10%
Earth Conductor : Galvanised Iron Strip
Eartth Electrode : Galvanised Iron Pipe
Type of joints : Lap welded
Max. Ambient temp. below ground : 50 °C
Desired resistance of Erath grid : 1 Ohm
K Factor for Steel 80

B. FAULT CURRENT CALCULATION

System Volatge (V) Fault Level (MVA) Fault Current (kA)

132,000 3,000.00 13.12
6,600 254.00 22.22
415 35.00 48.69

The earth conductor to be selected on the basis of highest fault current, i.e., 48.69 kA at 415 Bus Voltage

C. CROSS SECTION AREA OF EARTH CONDUCTOR

S = I√t = 608.67 Sq. mm

K
GI Strip Cross sectional ara
Height (mm) Width (mm) Cross Sectional Area (mm²) No. of Conductor
40 5 200 3.04
40 10 400 1.52
65 5 325 1.87
65 8 520 1.17
65 10 650 0.94

Hence, the GI Strip used for the main earthing mat is 65 x 10 mm² = 1 Nos.

D. EARTH RESISTANCE OE THE STRIP ELECTRODE + CABLE

Length of strip : 50000 Cm

Depth of Buried electrode : 50 Cm
Width of strip : 6.5 Cm

EARTH RESISTANCE FOR STRIP ELECTRODE :

Resistance for each strip electode :
Rs = 100 x ρ log 2L2 Ohms : 0.2685 Ohm
e

2ÕL wT
Nos. of Strip Electrode in parallel : 1
Resistance for all parallel Strip Eelctroed : 0.2685 Ohm ………………………………. ( A )

EARTH RESISTANCE FOR CABLE :

Cable Cross Section Area : 70 Sq. mm
Length of Cable : 500 Meter 8/9
Resistance of Cable : 0.321 Ohm / Km
Total Resistance of the Cable : 0.1605 Ohm …………………………………( B )

TOTAL EARTH RESISTANCE FOR STRIP AND CABLE R1 = (A) + (B) = 0.4290 Ohm

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 ELECTRICAL
EARTHING REASISTANCE CALCULATION
AS PER IS:3043
Document No. 0 Rev. No. A Class 1

EARTHING CALCULATION FOR GI STRIP ELECTRODE AND CABLE

ELECTRONICS EARTH STATION

E. EARTH RESISTANCE OE THE PIPE ELECTRODE

Resistivity of soil : 51 Ohm-meter

Effective Buried Length : 250.00 Cm
Diameter of the GI Pipe Electrode : 5.00 Cm
No. of Pipes in parallel (N) : 8 Nos.

Earth resistance for each GI Pipe Electrode :

Rp = 100 x ρ loge 4L Ohms = 17.19 Ohm

2ÕL d

Resistance for all parallel GI Pipe Electroed = R2 = (Rp/N) = 2.1493 Ohm

Combined Resistance of Earth due to Pipe Electrode and Strip Electrode

R1 = 0.4290 Ohm
= R1 x R2 = 0.3576 Ohm R2 = 2.1493 Ohm
(R1 +R2)

Grounding system is valid for the combined resistance less than 1.0 Ohm

GROUNDING SYSTEM IS = ACCEPTABLE

SUMMARY

A. GI STRIP ELECTRODE

SIZE OF ELECTRODE
NO. OF ELECTRODE
WIDTH (mm) HEIGHT (mm)
65 10 1

B. EARTING CABLE

CABLE TYPE
LENGTH OF CABLE (METER)
CONDUCTOR DIA (mm²)
Cu 70 500

C. GI PIPE ELECTRODE

SIZE OF ELECTRODE
NO. OF ELECTRODE
LENGTH (mm) DIA (mm)
2500 50 8

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