Pepper, Tomato, Cucumber Presentation PDF

Capsicum Fruits

Variety Classification
 Flavor: sweet, hot

 Colour: red, orange, green, yellow
 Shape: round, long, bell, block
 Use: fresh, processing
 Plant size: compact, high
 Resistance
Capsicum Planting
 Bed preparation
1. Top width – 90cm.
2. Path width – 50 cm
3. Height – 40 cm
 Planting distance:
1) 45-50 cm between two plants
2) 50 cm between two rows
Bed Preparation in Capsicum
Indian Seed Companies
Syngenta
Proagro
Seminis
Popular varieties in Indian conditions

Bombii- Red- Syngenta
Orabella -Yellow - Syngenta
Master- Green – Syngent
king anthur- red - seminis
Boxer -orange:- (imported)
Union- red:- (imported)
white:- I mported
Cultural Practices of Capsicum
 Topping
 Training:
 Crop Support
 Fruit thinning
Topping
 Topping ;-
 Topping means pinching top of the plants
 Two or four main leaders are kept
 lateral shoots or branches are pinched on first leaf
(internodes) or second leaf (internodes)
Topping in capsicum
New sprouts after topping
Training
 Training:
 For outdoor crops and crops in plastic tunnels. It is advised
to grow the plant as a bush-type
 crops are grown in more sophisticated plastic greenhouses
Plants should be trained into a leader-system.
 Training system
 Two-leader system
 Four-leader system
Two-Leader System
Four-Leader System
Diff. between four & two leader
Crop Support
 3 overhead support wires are required for one bed

(11 to 12 gauge) running along the length of the bed
 at least 3 to 3.5 m above the surface of bed
 four numbers plastic twines (thread) are hung from
top for each plant.
 of plastic twine, loosely anchored around the base
of the plants (non slip loop) at one end
Crop Support in Capsicum
Fruit Pruning
 Fruit Pruning
 too many fruits on the plant at one time it is
necessary to remove some fruits,
 Thinning to 4-6 fruit on the first flush
 Maintain 2-3 fruits per shoot will increase the size
and result in higher total yield.
 After the first flush, thinning should be limited to
the removal of misshapen fruits.
Cucumber
Planting in Cucumber
 planting in soil
3. Height – 40 cm
 Planting distance
1) 60 cm between two plants
2) 50 cm between two rows
Planting material: seedling of five to six weeks age

Cultural Practices in cucumber
 Training
 Pruning
 Fruit pruning
 Pollination
 Mulching
 Harvesting
Training
 principle in developing a training system is to uniformly
maximize the leaf interception of sunlight
 Vertical cordon- system trains plants vertically to an

overhead wire. pruned using an umbrella system.
 V-cordon-
 Single rows are evenly spaced approximately 1.5m apart
 Plants to plant 30 cm apart ,2 wires are spaced
approximately 75cm
 The support strings are then tied alternately to each wire.
 The plants form a V-arrangement down the row.
 Plants can be trained on plastic twine supported from
horizontal support wires running along the length of the
bed (3mt above top of the bed).
Pruning
Pruning
Fruit Pruning
 Fruits arising from basal 75 cm are removed,to

prolong vegetative phase
 If too many fruits are set at once, fruit thinning
is necessary to avoid malformed and non-
marketable small fruit. Such fruit, as they
appear, should be removed.
 Only on the main stem not on the shoots
(laterals)
Pollination
 For pollination hand pollination method is used, in this

method gently brush your hand on flower clusters
 Inadequate pollination will lead to misshapen fruits and
lower yields.
Mulching
 Straw, hay, peanut hulls, or corncobs reduces soil water
evaporation, soil compaction, and soil temperature
fluctuations. organic matter also liberates carbon
dioxide
Harvesting
 Harvest may begin 50 days to 65 days

after planting
 Harvest is usually required three or four
times per week
 0.5kg to 1.2 kg of fruit per plant per
week
 A normal harvest period of 10 weeks
 yield a total of 8kg to 10 kg fruit per plant
Tomato
Planting of Tomato
 Bed preparation
3. Height – 40 cm.
 Planting distance
 40-45 cm between two plants
 50 cm between two
Planting material
 Planting material
Seedling of four to five weeks age are used before
flowering
Planting seasons:
June-July
November- December
Care to be taken before planting
 Care to be taken through planting
 After care
Cultural Practices of tomatoes
 Training
 Suckering
 Crop Support
 De-leafing
 Fruit Pruning
 Truss hooks
 Topping
 Pollination
 harvesting
Desuckering
 Indeterminate growth habit
 Side shoots (suckers) will develop between each
compound leaf and the stem. These suckers are
removed as they develop, leaving only the main stem as
a growing point.
 Side shoots are usually not pruned until they are a few
inches long, at which time they are easier to distinguish
from the main stem.
Suckers
suckers
Side shoots
Crop Support
 Crop Support
nylon strings hung from horizontal wires at least 3 m
about the ground
 A plant fully loaded with fruit weighs 7 to 14 kg
 Each individual stem is clipped to a string with special
plastic clips (Tomato clip) available in several sizes.
 "lowering”
Crop Support
De-leafing
- When vines are lowered, leaves touching the ground
are removed to prevent disease development.
- to increase light penetration and air circulation.
Typically, all leaves are removed below the lowest fruit
cluster.
Fruit Pruning
 Small, undersized fruit at the end of a cluster (distal fruit)

are always removed,
 Truss hooks
grown under relatively low light conditions, the peduncles
of the inflorescences (trusses) are too weak to support
the weight of fruit they bear and, are liable to bend[1] or
‘kink’.
 too high a temperature during the vegetative phase
almost vertical ('stick trusses'). As fruit develop on these
trusses, they may become kinked.
Fruit Pruning
Truss hook
Topping
 Six weeks before the anticipated crop termination date,

the growing point and small fruit clusters at the top of the
plant are removed.
 fruit requires 7-8 weeks from anthesis to harvest so
small fruit will not have enough time to develop to
maturity.
 Topping speed fruit development and increase size of
already-set fruit in the lower part of the plant.
 helpful to leave some suckers or leaves at the top of the
plant to shade the fruit and prevent sunscald.
Pollination
 Poor pollination results in flower abortion, and/or

small, puffy or misshapen fruit. In large greenhouse
ranges, this job is done more efficiently by installing a
hive of bumblebees for every 0.2 hectare.
 Hand pollination method is used, Timing is important
in hand pollination for fruit set. i.e. when humidity
conditions are most favorable (50-70%). Pollination is
done at least twice a week; inadequate pollination will
lead to misshapen fruits and lower yields.
Pollination
Harvesting
 Harvesting starts from

60-70 days after
transplanting
 Harvesting done on
alternate day
 Yield –15 ton /500sqm

VEGETABLES CROPS IN SHORT
ITEMS C.Capsicum Tomato Cucumber
Crop Life- Months 09 09 05
Gestation Period -Months 03 2.5 02
Pl. Density Per sq.mt 2.5 2.5 2.5
Plants for 500sq.mt 1250 1250 1250
Yield (kgs/ sq.mt) 10 25-30 20-25
Avg. price (Rs/kg) 35-40 8-10 10-12

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Capsicum Fruits

 Flavor: sweet, hot

Popular varieties in Indian conditions

 3 overhead support wires are required for one bed

Planting material: seedling of five to six weeks age

 Vertical cordon- system trains plants vertically to an

 Fruits arising from basal 75 cm are removed,to

 For pollination hand pollination method is used, in this

 Harvest may begin 50 days to 65 days

 Small, undersized fruit at the end of a cluster (distal fruit)

 Six weeks before the anticipated crop termination date,

 Poor pollination results in flower abortion, and/or

 Harvesting starts from

 Yield –15 ton /500sqm

ITEMS C.Capsicum Tomato Cucumber

Crop Life- Months 09 09 05

Gestation Period -Months 03 2.5 02

Pl. Density Per sq.mt 2.5 2.5 2.5

Plants for 500sq.mt 1250 1250 1250

Yield (kgs/ sq.mt) 10 25-30 20-25

Avg. price (Rs/kg) 35-40 8-10 10-12

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