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Multi Study Guide

1. The document summarizes key concepts from Sections 13.3 through 13.5 of multivariable calculus, including the Fundamental Theorem of Line Integrals, Green's Theorem, and definitions of curl and divergence. 2. It presents the theorems, formulas, and conceptual explanations for conservative vector fields, line integrals, double integrals, and how Green's Theorem relates the two. 3. The document concludes with 6 practice problems applying the covered content.

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Cerisse Gabion
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
35 views

Multi Study Guide

1. The document summarizes key concepts from Sections 13.3 through 13.5 of multivariable calculus, including the Fundamental Theorem of Line Integrals, Green's Theorem, and definitions of curl and divergence. 2. It presents the theorems, formulas, and conceptual explanations for conservative vector fields, line integrals, double integrals, and how Green's Theorem relates the two. 3. The document concludes with 6 practice problems applying the covered content.

Uploaded by

Cerisse Gabion
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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AM21a: Section 9

TF: Casey Fleeter


November 19, 2014

Concepts
Section 13.3: The Fundamental Theorem for Line Integrals
• Theorem: With C a smooth curve parametrized by r(t), a ≤ t ≤ b and f a
differentiable function with gradient vector ∇f continuous on C, we have:
Z
∇f · dr = f (r(b)) − f (r(a))
C

• Path independence: This mean that for conservative vector fields (the vector
field can be written as the gradient of a scalar function), line integrals between
two points are independent of path, i.e. they depend only on the endpoints.
• Theorem II: C ∇f · dr is independent of path in D if and only if C ∇f · dr = 0
R R

for every closed path C in D.


• Theorem III: If C ∇f · dr is independent of path in D (an open connected
R

interval), then F is a conservative vector field on D (so there is a function f


such that ∇f = F).
• Types of Regions
– Open - D contains no boundary points
– Connected - any two points in D can be joined by a path that lies in D
– Simple curve - doesn’t interect itself anywhere between its endpoints.
– Simply-connected - plane in D such that every simple closed curve in D
encloses only points in D (so no holes/one piece).
• Theorem IV: If F = P i+Qj is a vector field on an open simply-connected region
D and ∂P∂y
= ∂Q
∂x
through D, then F is conservative. The converse is also true
(conservative vector field has the partial derivatives equal to each other).
2

Section 13.4: Green’s Theorem


• Theorem: Let C be a positively oriented, piecewise-smooth, simple closed curve
in the plane and let D be the region bounded by C. If P and Q have continuous
parital derivatives on an open region that contains D, then
Z ZZ  
∂Q ∂P
P dx + Qdy = − dA
C D ∂x ∂y

• TO NOTE:
1. Positively oriented means counterclockwise - the region D will always be
on the left as you traverse C.
2. This is similar to the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus for double inte-
grals: we evaluate the integral of the derivative of a function on a region
as the function at the boundary only.
3. Easily extendable to unions of simple regions (and thus can be used even
for some regions with holes).

Section 13.5: Curl and Divergence


   
• curl F = ∇ × F = ∂R ∂Q ∂P ∂R ∂Q ∂P

∂y
− ∂z
i+ ∂z
− ∂x
j+ ∂x
− ∂y
k
• Theorem I: If F = ∇f is conservative, then curl F = 0.
• Theorem II: If F is a vector field defined on all of R3 whose component functions
have continuous partial derivatives and curl F = 0, then F is a conservative
vector field.
• Conceptual curl: rotations (at a point) about the axis formed by the curl vec-
tor at the point, with speed proportional to the magnitude of the curl vector.
Irrotaional if curl F = 0.
• Divergence: div F = ∇ · F = ∂P
∂x
+ ∂Q
∂y
+ ∂R
∂z

• Theorem III: If F=P i + Qj + Rk is a vector field on R3 and P, Q, R have


continuous second-order partials, then div curl F = 0.
• Conceptual divergence: With F representing velocity of a fluid, div F is the net
rate of change of the mass of fluid flowing from the point per unit volume (so
the tendency of the fluid to diverge from a point). Divergence is positive if net
flow is away from the point. Incompressible if F = 0.
• Vector form of Green’s Theorem:
Z ZZ Z ZZ
F · dr = (curl F) · k dA or F · n ds = div F dA
C D C D

AM21a
3

Problems
R
1. Find a function f such that F =
∇f and use it to evaluate C
F · dr for
1 1
2 2

F = xy i + x yj and C : r(t) = t + sin 2 πt, t + sin 2 πt , 0 ≤ t ≤ 1

2. RShow that the line integral is independent of path and evaluate the integral:
C
tan ydx + x sec2 ydy and C is any path from (1, 0) to (2, π4 ).

3. Show that is the vector field F = P i + Qj + Rk is conservative and P, Q, R have


continuous first-order partial derivatives, then
∂P ∂Q ∂P ∂R ∂Q ∂R
= , = , =
∂y ∂x ∂z ∂x ∂z ∂y

AM21a
4

R
4. Use Green’s Theorem to evaluate C F
·√dr. (Check the orientation of the curve
3 2 √
before applying the theorem). F = x + y , x + y , C is the arc of the
curve y = sin x from (0,0) to (π, 0) and the line segment from (π, 0) to (0,0).

5. Use Green’s Theorem


R to
√
evaluate the line integral along the given positively
oriented curve C (y + e x dx + (2x + cos y 2 )dy, C is the boundary of the region
enclosed by the parabolas y = x2 and x = y 2 .

6. Find the curl and divergence of the vector field F(x, y, z) = hln x, ln(xy), ln(xyz)i.

AM21a

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