CH 02

Interconnecting Cisco Networking
Devices Part 1
ICND1 100-105
Instructor
Paul A. Parker
1
Chapter 2
Fundamentals of Ethernet LANs
2
Chapter 2
Foundation Topics
v An Overview of LANs
▼ Typical SOHO LANs
➘  The Small Office / Home Office (SOHO) typically uses only Ethernet
LAN technology.
➘  They have a small router, a four port switch, and often a wireless
access point (AP) for mobile devices like tablets.
CCENT/CCNA ICND1 100-105 Interconnecting Cisco Networking Devices Part 1 3

Chapter 2
An Overview of LANs
v Typical Enterprise LANs
▼ Enterprise networks have similar needs to a SOHO network but
on much larger scale.

Chapter 2
An Overview of LANs
v The Variety of Ethernet Physical Layer Standards
▼ The term Ethernet refers to a set of standards that specify how
to send data using wire or wireless communication.
▼ The fundamental cabling choice is copper wire or glass fibers.
▼  Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) uses copper wire and is less
expensive than optical glass fiber to install and maintain.

Chapter 2
An Overview of LANs
v Consistent Behavior of All Links Using Ethernet Data Link
Layer
▼ While Ethernet has many physical layer standards it aces like a
single LAN technology because it uses the same data link layer
standard over all physical links.
▼ The Ethernet data link protocol sends Ethernet frames from the
source to destination.

Chapter 2
Building Physical Ethernet Networks with UTP
v Transmitting Data Using Twisted Pairs
▼ Ethernet defines how to use two wires inside a single twisted pair
to create an electrical loop allowing electricity to flow.
▼ To send data the devices follow an encoding scheme which is a

very specific language that the devices understand.

Chapter 2
v Breaking Down a UTP Ethernet Link

Chapter 2
v UTP Cabling Pinouts for 10BASE-T and 100BASE-T
▼ Straight-Through Cable Pinout

Chapter 2
v UTP Cabling Pinouts for 10BASE-T and 100BASE-T
▼ Crossover Cable Pinout
▼ Choosing the Right Cable Pinouts

Chapter 2
v UTP Cabling Pinouts for 1000BASE-T
▼ Uses four wire pairs with more advanced electronics that allow
transmit and receive on each wire pair.
▼ The straight-through connects each pin with the same numbered
pin on the other side.
▼ The crossover cable uses the same two pairs as 10BASE-T and
100BASE-T but adds crossovers for pairs 4,5 and 7,8.

Chapter 2
Sending Data in Ethernet Networks
v Ethernet Data Link Protocols

Chapter 2
v Ethernet Addressing
▼  Media Access Control (MAC) addresses are 6-byte long (48-bit)
binary numbers.
▼ For convenience they are listed as a 12-digit hexadecimal
number.

Chapter 2
v MAC Address Terminology and Features

Chapter 2
v Identifying Network Layer Protocols with the Ethernet
Type Field
▼ The Ethernet Type field is in the data link header and identifies
the type of network (Layer 3) packet that sits inside the Ethernet
frame. It indicates if the packet is SNA, Novell NetWare, DECnet,
or AppleTalk, but today the most common are TCP/IP v4 and v6.

Chapter 2
v Error Detection with FCS
▼ Ethernet also defines ways for to check if the bits have changes
while traversing the link due to some kind of electrical
interference or even a bad Network Interface Card (NIC).
▼ The Frame Check Sequence (FCS) located in the Ethernet trailer
computes a checksum of the data values included in the packet
and provides a way for the receiver to determine any bits have
changed.
▼  Error detection does not also mean error recovery. Ethernet
discards frames with errors and does not attempt to recover the
frame. Higher layer protocols like TCP are responsible for data
recovery.

Chapter 2
v Sending Ethernet Frames with Switches and Hubs
▼ Sending in Modern Ethernet LANs Using Full-Duplex
➘  PC1 builds and sends the frame using its MAC for the source address
and PC2’s MAC for the destination address.
➘  SW1 receives and forwards the frame out its G0/1 interface to SW2.
➘  SW2 receives and forwards the frame out its F0/2 interface to PC2.
➘  PC2 receives the frame and recognizes the destination as its own
and processes the frame.

Chapter 2
v Sending Ethernet Frames with Switches and Hubs
▼ Using Half-Duplex with LAN Hubs
➘  Half-duplex: the port can only send data in one direction at a time.
➘  Full-duplex: the port can send data in both directions at a time.
▼ CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection)
➘  Step 1. Device waits until Ethernet is not busy.
➘  Step 2. Device starts sending the Ethernet frame.
➘  Step 3. Sender listens while sending to determine if collision
occurred. If collision occurs then do the following:
➘  Send a jamming signal to indicate a collision.
➘  Wait a random amount of time.
➘  Start again at Step 1.

Chapter 2 Chapter 2: Fundamentals of Ethernet LANs
Review All theExam Preparation Tasks
Key Topics
Table 2-7 Key Topics for Chapter 2
Key Topic Description Page
Element Number
Figure 2-3 Drawing of a typical wired and wireless enterprise LAN 42
Table 2-2 Several types of Ethernet LANs and some details about each 43
Figure 2-9 Conceptual drawing of transmitting in one direction each over 48
two different electrical circuits between two Ethernet nodes
Figure 2-10 10- and 100-Mbps Ethernet straight-through cable pinouts 49
Figure 2-12 10- and 100-Mbps Ethernet crossover cable pinouts 50
Table 2-3 List of devices that transmit on wire pair 1,2 and pair 3,6 50
Figure 2-13 Typical uses for straight-through and crossover Ethernet cables 51
Figure 2-15 Format of Ethernet MAC addresses 53
List Definitions of half duplex and full duplex 56
Figure 2-19 Examples of which interfaces use full duplex and which interfaces 58
use half duplex
Key Terms You Should Know

Ethernet, IEEE, wired LAN, wireless LAN, Ethernet frame, 10BASE-T, 100BASE-T,
CCENT/CCNA ICND1 100-105
1000BASE-T, Interconnecting
Fast Ethernet, GigabitCisco Networking
Ethernet, Devices
Ethernet link, Part 1 Ethernet port, net-
RJ-45, 19
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Interconnecting Cisco Networking

Fundamentals of Ethernet LANs

CCENT/CCNA ICND1 100-105 Interconnecting Cisco Networking Devices Part 1 3

CCENT/CCNA ICND1 100-105 Interconnecting Cisco Networking Devices Part 1 4

CCENT/CCNA ICND1 100-105 Interconnecting Cisco Networking Devices Part 1 5

CCENT/CCNA ICND1 100-105 Interconnecting Cisco Networking Devices Part 1 6

▼ To send data the devices follow an encoding scheme which is a

CCENT/CCNA ICND1 100-105 Interconnecting Cisco Networking Devices Part 1 7

CCENT/CCNA ICND1 100-105 Interconnecting Cisco Networking Devices Part 1 8

CCENT/CCNA ICND1 100-105 Interconnecting Cisco Networking Devices Part 1 9

▼ Choosing the Right Cable Pinouts

CCENT/CCNA ICND1 100-105 Interconnecting Cisco Networking Devices Part 1 10

CCENT/CCNA ICND1 100-105 Interconnecting Cisco Networking Devices Part 1 11

CCENT/CCNA ICND1 100-105 Interconnecting Cisco Networking Devices Part 1 12

CCENT/CCNA ICND1 100-105 Interconnecting Cisco Networking Devices Part 1 13

CCENT/CCNA ICND1 100-105 Interconnecting Cisco Networking Devices Part 1 14

CCENT/CCNA ICND1 100-105 Interconnecting Cisco Networking Devices Part 1 15

CCENT/CCNA ICND1 100-105 Interconnecting Cisco Networking Devices Part 1 16

CCENT/CCNA ICND1 100-105 Interconnecting Cisco Networking Devices Part 1 17

CCENT/CCNA ICND1 100-105 Interconnecting Cisco Networking Devices Part 1 18

Key Terms You Should Know

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▼ To send data the devices follow an encoding scheme which is a

▼ Choosing the Right Cable Pinouts