Arduino-to-PicBasicPro Code Translation Examples

Arduino code PicBasic Pro equivalent

Comments/Remarks: Code Structure, Comments/Remarks:

/* A multiple-line comment is ‘ A multiple-line comment is

bracketed like this */ ‘ bracketed like this

// Here’ s a single-line comment ‘ Here’ s a single-line comment

… code … // end-of-line remark … code … ‘ end-of-line remark

Code Structure: Code Structure:

// Declare global variables ‘ Declare global variables

… …

// Define and initialize pins and special features ‘ Define and initialize pins and special features
void setup() { …
…
} ‘ Infinite loop run continuously
Do While (1)
// Infinite loop run continuously ….
void loop() { ‘ Call subroutine/function
…. Gosub my_function
// Call subroutine/function …
my_function(); Loop
…
} End

// Define function ‘ Define function

void my_function(void) { my_function:
… …
} Return

Digital Input/Output and Logic: Digital Input/Output and Logic:

const int buttonPin = 2; buttonPin Var PORTA.3

const int ledPin = 13; ledPin Var PORTB.7

void setup() { Output ledPin ‘ not required (done by High/Low)

pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT); Input buttonPin ‘ not required (default)
pinMode(buttonPin, INPUT);
} ‘ Turn on the LED if the button is down
If (buttonPin == 1) Then
// Turn on the LED if the button is down High ledPin
if (digitalRead(buttonPin) == HIGH) Else
digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH); Low ledPin
else Endif
digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);

Using a Function or Subroutine: Using a Function or Subroutine:

const int ledPin = 13; ledPin Var PORTB.7

short i; I Var BYTE

void setup() { Gosub blink_led ‘ blink the LED once

pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);
} ‘ Blink the LED 5 times
For I = 1 to 5
blink_led(); // blink the LED once Gosub blink_led
 Next I
// Blink the LED 5 times
for (i=1; i<=5; i++) ‘ Subroutine to blink an LED
blink_led(); blink_led:
High ledPin
// Function to blink an LED Pause 500
void blink_led() { Low ledPin
digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH); Pause 500
delay(500); Return
digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);
delay(500);
}

Analog Input and Scaling: Analog Input and Scaling:

int x_raw; x_raw Var WORD

int x_scaled; x_scaled Var BYTE

x_raw = analogRead(A0); Adcin 0, x_raw

// Scale raw value from 0-1023 to 0-255 range ‘ Scale raw value from 0-1023 to 0-255 range
x_scaled = map(x_raw, 0, 1023, 0, 255); x_scaled = x_raw / 4 ‘ scale from 10 bits to 8

// Limit the scaled value to within a range

x_scaled = constrain(x_scaled, 0, 255);

LCD Output (count-down timer): LCD Output (count-down timer):

#include <LiquidCrystal.h> i Var BYTE

short i; ‘ Wait for LCD to power up

Pause 500
LiquidCrystal lcd(2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7);
‘ Display count-down from 10 to 0 on the LCD
void setup() { For i = 10 To 0
lcd.begin (16, 2); ‘ Clear the LCD and display count-down text
} ‘ and value
Lcdout $FE, 1, "count down: "
// Display count-down from 10 to 0 on the LCD Lcdout $FE, $C0, “ “, Dec i
for (i=10; i>0; i--) { Pause 1000; ‘ pause for 1 second
/* Clear the lcd and display the count-down Next i
text and value */
lcd.clear(); ‘ Clear the LCD
lcd.print("count down:"); Lcdout $FE, 1
// move cursor to 2nd row, 2nd col
lcd.setCursor(1, 1);
lcd.print(i);
delay(1000); // pause for 1 second
}

// Clear LCD
lcd.clear();

Keypad Serial Interface and Compound Logic: Keypad Serial Interface and Compound Logic:

// Define variables ‘ Define variables

byte key_val; // button value key_pin Var PORTB.0 ‘ input pin
byte number; // value changed by buttons key_val Var BYTE ‘ button value
key_mode Con 0 ‘ selects 2400 baud
// Define keypad button codes number Var BYTE ‘ value changed by buttons
const byte key1=0x30;
const byte key2=0x31; ‘ Define keypad button codes
 const byte key3=0x32; key1 Con $30
key2 Con $31
void setup() { key3 Con $32
/* Initialize serial communication
(receiving on pin 0) */ ‘ Keypad processing loop
Serial.begin(2400); Do While (1) ‘ do always (infinite loop)
} ‘ Wait for a keypad button to be pressed
‘ and read the value
// Keypad processing loop Serin key_pin, key_mode, key_val
while (true) { // do always (infinite loop)
// Wait for a keypad button to be pressed ‘ Perform the appropriate function
while (Serial.available() == 0); If ((key_val = key1) And (number > 0)) Then
// Read the keypad value from the buffer ‘ decrement
key_val = Serial.read(); number = number – 1
ElseIf (key_val = key2) Then
// Perform the appropriate function ‘ reset
if ((key_val == key1) && (number > 0)) { number = 0
// decrement ElseIf ((key_val = key3) And (number < 255)) Then
number--; ‘ increment
} number = number + 1
else if (key_val == key2) { EndIf
// reset
number = 0; ‘ Call a subroutine to process the number
} Gosub process_display
else if ((key_val == key3) && (number < 255)) { Loop
// increment End
number++;
} ‘ Define function
process_display:
// Call a function to process the number …
process_display(); Return
}

// Define function
void process_display (void) {
…
}

Servo Motor Control: Servo Motor Control:

#include <Servo.h> ‘ Servo duty cycle info:

‘ position (degrees) = pulse width (ms) =
// Define variables ‘ duty cycle (%) = Hpwm 0-255 value
const int servoPin=9; ‘ 0 degrees = 1 ms = 5% = 13
const int sensorPin=2; ‘ 90 degrees = 1.5 ms = 7.5% = 19
Servo myServo; ‘ 180 degrees = 2 ms = 10% = 25
int ang; // servo angle servoFreq Con 50 ‘ 1/(20ms) = 50Hz

// Initialize I/O pins ‘ Define variables

void setup() { dutyCycle Var WORD
pinMode(sensorPin, INPUT); servoPin Var PORTB.0 ‘ RB0 (pin 9 set to CCP1)
myServo.attach(servoPin); sensorPin Var PORTA.3
} duty_cycle Var BYTE ‘ servo angle

/* Continually sweep over the full servo range ‘ Initialize pins

checking a digital sensor every 15 degrees */ Input sensorPin;
void loop() { ‘ Output servoPin ‘ not required (done by Hpmw)
// Start in the 0 degree servo position
myServo.write(0); ‘ Continually sweep over the full servo range
// Wait for servo to go to (or return to) 0 position ‘ checking a digital sensor every 15 degrees
delay(1000) Do While (1) ‘ do always (infinite loop)
‘ Start in the 0 degree servo position
 for (ang=15; ang<=180; ang+=15) { Hpwm 1, 13, servoFreq
myServo.write(ang); ‘ Wait 1s for servo to go to (or return to) 0 position
delay(500); // wait 0.5s for servo to move Pause 1000

// Read the sensor and react accordingly For dutyCycle = 13 To 25 ‘ step = 1 = 15 deg.
if (digitalRead(sensorPin) == HIGH) Hpwm 1, dutyCycle, servoFreq
sensor_react(); ‘ Can use PULSOUT instead to get finer control
} Pause 500 ' wait 0.5s for servo to move
}
‘ Read the sensor and react accordingly
// Process the sensor detect event If (sensorPin) Then Gosub sensorReact
void sensor_react() { Next dutyCycle
// Do something here Loop
} End

‘ Process the sensor detect event

sensorReact:
‘ Do something here
Return

Sending a Song to a Speaker: Sending a Song to a Speaker:

// Define note pitches (in Hz) ‘ Define note pitches (in Hz)
// (can put in “pitches.h” instead NOTE_C Con 262
// with #include “pitches.h”): NOTE_D Con 294
#define NOTE_C 262 NOTE_E Con 330
#define NOTE_D 294 NOTE_G Con 392
#define NOTE_E 330
#define NOTE_G 392 ' Define variables
speakerPin Var PORTB.0
// Define variables buttonPin Var PORTA.3
const int speakerPin=9; n Var BYTE
const int buttonPin=2; i Var BYTE
const int n=30; // number of notes
int i; ' Song notes
n = 30 ‘ number of notes
// Song notes notes Var WORD[30]
int notes[] = { NOTE_E, NOTE_D, NOTE_C, ‘ Note – the compact Arraywrite function works
NOTE_D, NOTE_E, NOTE_E, NOTE_E, 0, ‘ only for BYTE variables
NOTE_D, NOTE_D, NOTE_D, 0, notes[0]=NOTE_E : notes[1]=NOTE_D
NOTE_E, NOTE_G, NOTE_G, 0, notes[2]=NOTE_C : notes[3]=NOTE_D
NOTE_E, NOTE_D, NOTE_C, NOTE_D, notes[4]=NOTE_E : notes[5]=NOTE_E
NOTE_E, NOTE_E, NOTE_E, NOTE_E, notes[6]=NOTE_E : notes[7]=0
NOTE_D, NOTE_D, NOTE_E, NOTE_D, notes[8]=NOTE_D : notes[9]=NOTE_D
NOTE_C, 0 }; notes[10]=NOTE_D : notes[11]=0
notes[12]=NOTE_E : notes[13]=NOTE_G
// Song note durations (in ms) notes[14]=NOTE_G : notes[15]=0
int durations[] = { 500, 500, 500, notes[16]=NOTE_E : notes[17]=NOTE_D
500, 500, 500, 500, 500, notes[18]=NOTE_C : notes[19]=NOTE_D
500, 500, 500, 500, notes[20]=NOTE_E : notes[21]=NOTE_E
500, 500, 500, 500, notes[22]=NOTE_E : notes[23]=NOTE_E
500, 500, 500, 500, notes[24]=NOTE_D : notes[25]=NOTE_D
500, 500, 500, 500, notes[26]=NOTE_E : notes[27]=NOTE_D
500, 500, 500, 500, notes[28]=NOTE_C : notes[29]=0
1500, 500 };
' Song note durations (in ms)
// Initialize I/O pins durations Var WORD[30]
void setup() { durations[0]=500 : durations[1]=500
pinMode(speakerPin, OUTPUT); durations[2]=500 : durations[3]=500
pinMode(buttonPin, INPUT); durations[4]=500 : durations[5]=500
} durations[6]=500 : durations[7]=500
durations[8]=500 : durations[9]=500
 // Play “Mary Had a Little Lamb” while button down durations[10]=500 : durations[11]=500
void loop() { durations[12]=500 : durations[13]=500
if (digitalRead(buttonPin) == HIGH) { durations[14]=500 : durations[15]=500
for (i=0; i<n; i++) { durations[16]=500 : durations[17]=500
tone (speakerPin, notes[i], durations[i]); durations[18]=500 : durations[19]=500
// Add slight pause (50 ms) between notes durations[20]=500 : durations[21]=500
delay (50); durations[22]=500 : durations[23]=500
} durations[24]=500 : durations[25]=500
} durations[26]=500 : durations[27]=500
} durations[28]=1500 : durations[29]=500

' Initialize I/O pins

‘ Output speakerPin ‘ not necessary
Input buttonPin

‘ Play “Mary Had a Little Lamb” while button down

Do While (buttonPin)
For i = 0 To n-1
Freqout speakerPin, durations[i], notes[i]
‘ could use the Sound command instead
‘ Add slight pause (50 ms) between notes
Pause 50;
Next i
Loop

For additional help, compare commands in the Arduino language reference page and the PicBasic Pro manual.