Anatomy
Anatomy
Anatomy
Afferent vs efferent
Tibialis anterior
Brachial plexus
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Appendix
Colon
Sigmoid
Rectum[4]
10 = CN 10 (Vagus nerve)
O TOM CAT:
CA are the components within the sinus, from medial to lateral. CA ends at the level of T
from O TOM.
Carotid artery
Hepatic artery
Splenic artery
Chest
"The servant attacks with saw and axe the lumbar, stack and cord." - Cervical (atlas,
axis), thoracic, lumbar, sacral, caudal
"I Like To Rise So High", for Iliac vein (common), Lumbar vein, Testicular vein,
Renal vein, Suprarenal vein and Hepatic vein to represent the tributaries of the
Inferior vena cava [7]
Structures passing through greater sciatic foramen below piriformis (S.N.I.P. N.I.P.),
sciatic nerve, nerve to obturator internus, internal pudendal vessel, pudendal nerve,
nerve to quadratus femoris, inferior gluteal vessels, posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh
Structures passing through lesser sciatic foramen: (P.I.N.T.) pudendal nerve, internal
pudendal vessels, nerve to obturator internus, tendon of obturator internus
One common mnemonic used to remember the contents of the Tarsal tunnel from
anterior to posterior is "Tom, Dick and Harry".[8][9][10] or alternatively "Tom, Dick
(and very nervous) Harry" if the artery, vein, and nerve are included.
One mnemonic for remembering the contents of the cavernous sinus is "OTOM
CAT".[11]
The branches of the subclavian artery can be remembered using VITamin C and D.
The contents of posterior mediastinum can be remembered using the mnemonic,
"DATES", for Descending aorta, Azygous vein and hemiazygos vein, Thoracic duct,
Esophagus, Sympathetic trunk/ganglia.[7]
A commonly used mnemonic to remember the level of the diaphragmatic apertures is
this: Aortic hiatus = 12 letters = T12. Oesophagus, Vagal trunk = 10 letters = T10.
Vena cava = 8 letters = T8
Another common mnemonic is: "I ate ten eggs at twelve" I (IVC) ate (TV8); ten
(TV10) eggs (esophagus); at (aorta, azygos) twelve (TV12)
"I Read Very Old And Torn Articles" - IVC, Right phrenic nerve, Vagus,
Oesophagus, Aorta, Thoracic duct, Azygous vein.
Standing room only can be used to remember that V1 passes through the superior
orbital fissure, V2 through the foramen rotundum, and V3 through the foramen
ovale.[12]
Contents of the foramen magnum: VAMPS-ATM (Vertebral arteries, Anterior Spinal
artery, Meningeal branches of the cervical nerves, Posterior spinal arteries, Spinal part
of the accessory nerve, Alar and Apical ligaments of the dense, Tectorial membrane,
Medulla oblongata)[citation needed]
Deep cerebellar nuclei and their positions relative to the midline: "Fat Guys Eat
Donuts," where each letter indicates the medial to lateral location in the cerebellar
white matter (nucleus fastigii, globose nucleus, nucleus emboliformis and dentate
nucleus).[citation needed]
A mnemonic to remember the muscles that contribute tendons to the pes anserinus
and the innervations of these muscles is SGT FOT (sergeant FOT): S- Sartorius G-
Gracilis T- semiTendinosus (from anterior to posterior). F- femoral nerve O-
obturator nerve T- tibial division of the sciatic nerve. Notice the order of the muscles
(S, G, T) follows the order of the innervating nerves which correspond to those
muscles (F, O, T)[citation needed]
The femoral triangle is shaped like the sail of a sailing ship and hence its boundaries
can be remembered using the mnemonic, "SAIL" for Sartorius, Adductor longus and
Inguinal Ligament.[7]
The order of structures in the femoral triangle is important in the embalming of
bodies, as the femoral artery is often exposed and used to pump embalming fluids into
the body. The order of this neurovascular bundle can be remembered using the
mnemonic, "NAVY" for Nerve, Artery, Vein, Y -fronts (the British term of a style of
men's underwear with a "Y" shaped front that acts as a fly). The "Y" is midline
(corresponding with the penis) and the mnemonic always reads from lateral to medial
(in other words, the Femoral Nerve is always lateral). An alternate to this mnemonic
is "NAVEL" for Nerve, Artery, Vein, Empty Space and Lymph, to include the deep
inguinal lymph nodes located medial to the Femoral vein.[citation needed]
Cranial nerves
There are many mnemonics for the names of the cranial nerves, e.g. "OOOTTAFAGVSH" is
"OLd OPen OCeans TROuble TRIbesmen ABout Fish VEnom Giving VArious
ACute/SPlitting Headaches" (a mnemonic that gives enough letters to distinguish between
nerves that start with the same letter), or "On old Olympus's towering tops, a Finn and
German viewed some hops,"[13] and for the initial letters "OOOTTAFVGVAH" is "Oh, oh,
oh, to touch and feel very good velvet ... ah, heaven."[14] The differences between these
depend on "acoustic" versus "vestibulocochlear" and "spinal-accessory" versus "accessory".
A common example mnemonic for remembering which nerves are motor (M), sensory (S), or
both (B), "Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Big Boobs Matter More". There are
a very large number of additional mnemonics.[15]
Endocrine glands
The major glands of the endocrine system, excluding ovaries and testes.
Thymus
Thyroid
Anterior pituitary
Adrenal cortex
Adrenal medulla
Posterior pituitary
Parathyroid gland
Pancreas
Pineal[18]
Extraocular muscles
A good mnemonic to remember which muscles are innervated by what nerve is to paraphrase
it as a molecular equation: LR6SO4R3.[19]
Another way to remember which nerves innervate which muscles is to understand the
meaning behind all the Latin words.
The fourth cranial nerve, the trochlear, is so named because the muscle it innervates,
the superior oblique, runs through a little fascial pulley that changes its direction of
pull (the trochlea of superior oblique). This pulley exists in the superiomedial corner
of each orbit, and "trochl-" is Latin for "pulley."
The sixth cranial nerve, the abducens, is so named because it controls the lateral
rectus, which abducts the eye (rotates it laterally) upon contraction.
The third cranial nerve, the oculomotor, is so named because it is in charge of the
movement (motor) of the eye (oculo-). It controls all the other muscles.
G.I. tract layers (simplified)
M.S.M.S.
Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis propria
Serosa[20]
A simple mnemonic for remembering this is "See I? I see, I see," with "see" representing the
C in "contralateral," and "I" representing the I in "ipsilateral." Another is "Emily and Pete
meet eye to eye" as in "M and P meet I to I," or again, Magno and Parvo meet Ipsi to Ipsi.
Another way of remembering this is 2+3=5, which is correct, so ipsilateral side, and 1+4
doesn't equal 6, so contralateral.
Retina
Seminiferous
Tubules
Epididymis
Vas deferens
Ejaculatory duct[21]
Sternal angle
A useful mnemonic for what passes through the sternal angle is "RAT PLLANT"
Rib 2
Aortic arch
Tracheal bifurcation
Pulmonary trunk
Ligamentum arteriosum
Left recurrent laryngeal
Azygos Vein
Nerves (Cardiac and Pulmonary plexuses)
Thoracic duct
Spine
Carpal bones:
Carpal Bones:
Carpal bones:
Neuroscience
Coronal section of brain: structures "In Extremis, Cannibals Eat People's Globus Pallidi
Instead of Their Hearts":
Insula
Extreme capsule
Claustrum
External capsule
Putamen
Globus pallidus
Internal capsule
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
FSH
LH
ACTH
GH
TSH
Anaesthesiology
Anesthesia machine/room check
MS MAID:
Suction
IV equipment
DOPE:
Esophagus
MALES:
Masks
Airways
Laryngoscopes
Endotracheal tubes
Lidocaine
Bupivicaine
Procaine
Tetracaine
SPACE DIGS:
Sleep disruption
Psychomotor retardation
Appetite change
Concentration loss
Energy loss
Depressed mood
Interest wanes
Guilt
Suicidal tendencies
Denial
Anger
Bargaining
Grieving
Acceptance
HERO:
Risk taking
Omnipotence
CHAP:
Cataplexy
Hallucinations
Attacks of sleep
Paralysis on waking
Impotence causes
PLANE:
MED:
Ethanol
Diabetes mellitus
2 S's:
SSRIs
Stop and start method [5-6 rehearsals of stopping stimulation before climax]
Biochemistry
B vitamin names
In increasing order:
Thiamine (B1)
Riboflavin (B2)
Niacin (B3)
Pyridoxine (B6)
Cobalamin (B12)
Phe
Val
Thr
Trp
Ile
Met
His
Arg
Lue
Lys
Leucine
Isoleucine
Valine
A FOLIC DROP:
Alcoholism
Celiac sprue
Dilatin
Old
Pregnant
ABCD:
Anderson's=Branching enzyme.
Cori's=Debranching enzyme.
Von Gierke's
Pompe's
Cori's
Anderson's
McArdle's
Her's
Cardiology
Aortic regurgitation: causes
CREAM:
Congenital
Rheumatic damage
Endocarditis
Marfan’s
SAD:
Syncope
Angina
Dyspnoea [23]
Vena and cava and left each have 4 letters, so vena cava is on the left[24]
ABC'S
Brachiocephalic trunk
left Subclavian[25]
HILT:
Heaving
Impalpable
Laterally displaced
Thrusting/ Tapping
If it's impalpable, causes are COPD:
COPD
Obesity
Dextrocardia [26]
Pirates:
Iatrogenic
Thyroid: hyperthyroid
Endocarditis
ABCD:
Anti-coagulate
Cardiovert
Digoxin[28]
3 D's:
Betaxolol
Acebutelol
Esmolol
Atenolol
Metoprolol [30]
Failure
Forgot medication
Arrhythmia/ Anaemia
Renal failure
Darth Vader
Death
Arrythmia
Tamponade
Valve disease
Aneurysm of Ventricles
Dressler's Syndrome
Dust:
Unstable angina
WiLLiaM MaRRoW:
Ramp:
Recent MI
Aortic stenosis
Pulmonary hypertension[35]
Tricuspid
Pulmonary
Mitral (bicuspid)
Aorta [36]
Infarctions
IV access
Rest
Thrombolysis
IV beta blocker
Oxygen 60%
Nitrates
Stool Softeners[37]
ASK ME
Atrial contraction
Emptying of atrium[38]
BOOMAR:
Bed rest
Oxygen
Opiate
Monitor
Anticoagulate
PULSE:
Upset stomach
Lightheadedness
Shortness of breath
Excessive sweating[40]
O BATMAN!
Oxygen
Beta blocker
ASA
Morphine
Ace prn
Nitroglycerin[41]
COAG:
Cyclomorph
Oxygen
Aspirin
Glycerol trinitrate[42]
Murmur attributes
"IL PQRST" (person has ill PQRST heart waves):
Intensity
Location
Pitch
Quality
Radiation
Shape
Timing[43]
8 S's:
Soft
Systolic
Short
Symptomless
SCRIPT:
Site
Character (e.g. harsh, soft, blowing)
Radiation
Intensity
Pitch
Timing[46]
Stenosis=Systolic.
Insufficiency=Diastolic. [47]
Pericarditis: causes
CARDIAC RIND:
Aortic aneurysm
Radiation
Infections
Cardiac infarction
Rheumatic fever
Injury
Neoplasms
Dressler's syndrome[48]
Pericarditis: EKG
PericarditiS:
PR depression in precordial leads.
ST elevation.[49]
SICVD:
Integrity of skin
Color of toenails
Varicose veins
Distribution of hair[50]
PATCH MED:
Pulmonary embolus
Acidosis
Tension pneumothorax
Cardiac tamponade
Myocardial infarction
Electrolyte derangements
Drugs[51]
ELEVATION:
Electrolytes
LBBB
Early repolarization
Ventricular hypertrophy
Aneurysm
Non-occlusive vasospasm[52]
ABCDE:
Adenosine
Beta-blocker
Digoxin
LAMB:
Lidocaine
Amiodarone
Mexiltene/ Magnesium
Beta-blocker[54]
Neutrophils
lymphocytes
monocytes
eosinophils
basophils[55]
Emergency medicine
Acute LVF management
LMNOP:
Lasix (furosemide)
Morphine (diamorphine)
Nitrates
Thyroid
Hypothermia
Embolism (P.E.)
Alcohol
Ischemia
Atrial enlargement
Lone or idiopathic
Infarct
4 C's:
Comatose
Convulsing
Corrosive
hydroCarbon[58]
PQRST(EKG waves):
Pericardial effusion
DOGASH:
Diamorphine
Oxygen
GTN spray
Asprin 300mg
Streptokinase
Heparin[60]
ITCHPAD
Infarction
Tension pneumothorax
Cardiac tamponade
Hypovolemia/Hypothermia/Hypo-,Hyperkalemia/Hypomagnesmia/Hypoxemia
Pulmonary embolism
Acidosis
Drug overdose[61]
SOAP ME
Suction
Oxygen
Airway Equipment
Positioning
TV SPARC CUBE:
Thirst
Vomiting
Sweating
Pulse weak
Anxious
Respirations shallow/rapid
Cool
Cyanotic
Unconscious
BP low
Eyes blank[63]
Shock: types
Respiratory
Neurogenic
Cardiogenic
Hemorrhagic
Anaphylactic
Metabolic
Psychogenic
Septic[64]
BATS:
Berry aneurysm
Trauma
Stroke[65]
Hypoxia/Hypoglycemia
Epilepsy
Anxiety
Heart attack
Embolism (PE)
T'achycardia
Vasovagal
Situational
Subclavian steal
Shock, Shock, Shock, Everybody Shock, Little Shock, Big Shock, Momma Shock, Poppa
Shock:
Shock= Defibrillate
Everybody= Epinephine
Little= Lidocaine
Big= Bretylium
Momma= MgSO4
Poppa= Pocainamide[67]
Eviseration/ Ecchymosis
Masses
AEIOU TIPS
Alcohol
Insulin
Overdose, Oxygen
Underdose, Uremia
Trauma, Temperature
Infection
Psychogenic, Poisons
Stroke, Shock[68]
Cause of symptoms
Provocation or palliation
Severity
Time
Fetal Monitoring
VEAL CHOP
Neurovascular Assessment
5 P's:
Pain
Pallor
Paresthesia
Pulse
Paralysis[71]
Trauma assessment
DCAP-BTLS
Contusions
Burns
Tenderness
Lacerations
OTIS CAMPBELL
Organophosphates
Tricyclic antidepressants
Isoniazid, Insulin
Sympathomimetics
Camphor, Cocaine
Amphetamines
Methylxanthines
Ethanol withdrawal
Lithium, Lidocaine
Lindane, Lead[72]
ABCDEFGHI:
DKA
Ears [labyrinthitis]
Glaucoma
Hyperemesis gravidarum
Pulmonary
Tricuspid
Mitral
Visual response
Verbal response
Behavioural abnormalities
Perception abnormalities
History
SAMPLE history
Medications
Last meal/intake
Orthopaedic Assessment
CLORIDE FPP
Radiation:
Intensity: how severe (scale 1-10), impact on ADLs (activities of daily living), is it getting
better, worse or staying the same?
Events associated: falls, morning stiffness, swelling, redness, joint clicking or locking,
muscle cramps, muscle wasting, movement limitation, weakness, numbness or tingling, fever,
chills, trauma (mechanism of injury), occupation activities, sports, repetitive movements
Frequency: intermittent vs. constant, have you ever had this pain before?
Palliative factors: is there anything that makes it better? (rest, activity, meds, heat, cold)
Provocative factors: is there anything that makes it worse? (rest, activity, etc.)[73]
SOCRATES:
Site
Onset
Character
Radiation
Alleviating factors/ Associated symptoms
Exacerbating factors
Severity
9 F's:
Fat
Feces
Fluid
Flatus
Fetus
Full-sized tumors
Full bladder
Fibroids
False pregnancy
12 P's
Papilloedema
Paralysis, Paresis
Pyramidal signs
Pee (incontinent)
Patellar reflex
Ptosis
Bobbing is fast
Dipping is slow
3AM:
Myotonic pupil
ABC:
Behaviour
Vascular
Inflammatory (Infectious and non-Infectious)
Trauma/ Toxins
Autoimmune
Metabolic
Idiopathic
Neoplastic
Example usage: List causes of decreased vision: Central retinal artery occlusion,
Retinitis pigmentosa, Perforation to gobe, Chronic Gentamycin use, Ruematoid
arthritis, Diabetes, Idiopathic, Any eye tumor, Myopia.
BALD CHASM:
Arthritis
Lung disease
Diabetes
Cancer
Heart disease
Alcoholism
Stroke
Inspection
Auscultation
Percussion
Palpation
Medical history: disease checklist
MJ THREADS:
Myocardial infarction
Jaundice
Tuberculosis
Hypertension
Epilepsy
Asthma
Diabetes
Strokes
VAMP THIS:
Allergies
Medications
Trauma
Hospitalizations
Immunizations
Surgeries
SOAP:
LADDERS:
Anxiety
Depression
Relationships
Consistency
Attachment
Mobility
Pulsation
Fluctuation
Irreducibility
Edge
Palpation
Percussion
Auscultation
RETARD HEIGHT:
Rickets
Turner syndrome
Achondroplasia
Down syndrome
Hereditary
IUGR
GI (malabsorption)
sIgn: something I can detect even if patient is unconscious. sYMptom is something only
hYM knows about.
INVESTIGATIONS:
Iatrogenic
Neoplastic
Vascular
Endocrine
Structural/ Mechanical
Traumatic
Inflammatory
Genetic/ Congenital
Autoimmune
Toxic
Infective
Nutritional
Spontaneous/ Idiopathic
LMNOP:
Lump
Mammary changes
Nipple changes
Other symptoms
SPIKES:
Setting up
Perception
Invitation
Knowledge
Emotions
Neurology
Chorea: common causes
Sydenhams
Vascular
Uremia
SLE
Senile chorea
Drugs
APLA syndrome
DREAMS:
Reflexes decreased
Enzymes normal
Milestones delayed
Skeletal abnormalities[75]
Dementia: reversible dementia causes
DEMENTIA:
Drugs/Depression
Elderly
'Multi-infarct/Medication
Environmental
Nutritional
Toxins
Ischemia
Alcohol[76]
HEADS:
Hypertension/ Hyperlipidemia
Elderly
Atrial fib
Smoking/Sex (male)[77]
Horner Syndrome
Horny PAMELA:
Ptosis
Anhydrosis
Miosis
Enophtalmos
Anisocoria
Pathology
Acute ischemia: signs [especially limbs]
6 P's:
Pain
Pallor
Pulselessness
Paralysis
Paraesthesia
Perishingly cold
ABCD:
Chronic disease
Destruction (hemolysis)
ANEMIA:
No folate or B12
Ethanol
Iron deficient
Diabetes mellitus
BP high: hypertension
Elevated cholesterol
Tobacco
CARCinoid:
Cutaneous flushing
Asthmatic wheezing
Cushing syndrome
CUSHING:
Central obesity/ Cervical fat pads/ Collagen fiber weakness/ Comedones (acne)
Noniatrogenic (Neoplasms)
5 F's:
Fat
Female
Cirrhosis
Carcinoma
Cardiac failure
Cholestasis
Cysts
Cellular infiltration
Morphine: effects
MORPHINES:
Miosis
Orthostatic hypotension
Respiratory depression
Pain supression
Increased ICT
Nausea
Euphoria
Sedation
FLAME:
Fatty
Liver
Anemia
Malabsorption
Edema
Pancreatitis: causes
PANCREATITIS:
Posterior
Alcohol
Neoplasm
Cholelithiasis
Rx (lasix, AZT)
ERCP
Abdominal surgery
Trauma
Infection (mumps)
Triglycerides elevated
I'diopathic
Scorpion sting
PKU findings
PKU:
Unpleasant smell
"MorPHINE:Fine. AmPHETamine:Fat":
Pericarditis findings
PERICarditis:
Pulsus paradoxus
ECG changes
Rub
Increased JVP
P ositive birefringent
P olygon shaped
Gout therefore is the negative needle shaped crystals. Also, gout classically strikes great Toe,
and its hallmark is Tophi.
abcdefghij
Dupuytren’s contracture
Foetor hepaticus
Gynaecomastia
Hepatomegaly
Jaundice[79]
Psychiatry
Conduct disorder vs. Antisocial personality disorder
AWESOME:
Affect flat
Energy, loss of
Sad feelings/ Suicide thoughts or plans or attempts/ Sexual inhibition/ Sleep change (loss or
excess)/ Social withdrawal
Memory loss
Emotional blunting
Depression
UNHAPPINESS:
Pseudodementia
Pain
Nihilistic
Endogenous
Syndromal
Mr. Trust and MsTrust had an auto they were ashamed of. She took the initiative to find
the guilty party. She found the industry was inferior. They were making cars with dents
[identity] and rolling fuses [role confusion]. Mr. N.T. Macy [intimacy] isolated the problem,
General TVT absorbed the cost. In the end, they found the tires were just gritty and the
should have used de- spare!
DIG FAST:
Distractibility
Grandiosity
Flight of ideas
Activity increase
Activity increased
Naughty (disinhibition)
Insomnia
Attention (distractability)
SLeep terrors and SLeepwalking occur during SLow-wave sleep (stages 3 & 4).NightmaRE
occurs during REM sleep (and is REMembered).
Depression and other mood disorders (major depression, bipolar disorder, dysthymia)
Somatization disorder, eating disorders (these two disorders are combined because both
involve disorders of bodily perception)
4 A's:
Ambivalence
Affective incongruence
Associative loosening
Autism
WITHDraw IT:
Withdrawal
Tolerance
Radiology / Oncology
Anterior mediastinal masses
4 T's:
Teratoma
Thymoma
Testicular-type
Risk is 30% at age 30. Risk is 40% at age 40, and so on.
"Pamela Found Our Rotation Particularly Exciting; Very Highly Commended Mainly 'Cus
She Arouses":
Patient details
Film details
Objects (e.g. lines, electrodes)
Rotation
Penetration
Expansion
Vessels
Hila
Costophrenic angles
Mediastinum
Cardiothoracic Ratio
Preliminary is ABCDEF:
AP or PA
Body position
Confirm name
Date
Exposure
Analysis is ABCDEF:
Wegener's syndrome
Histiocytosis
Oncological
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Environmental, occupational
Sarcoid
BLAB:
Bone
Liver
Adrenals
Brain
CRITOE: Capitellum
Radial head
Internal epicondyle
Trochlea
Olecranon
External epicondyle
ABCDEF:
Achalasia
Barret's esophagus
Corrosive esophagitis
Diverticuliis
Esophageal web
Familial
B lood
Cistern
Brain
Ventricles
Bone
SPEECH:
Ectopic hormones
Eaton-Lambert syndrome
Clubbing
Horner syndrome/ Hoarseness
ABCDE:
Asymmetry
Border irregular
Colour irregular
Elevation irregular
ABCD:
Dark spots: ensure not abnormally big, or could mean excess blood
LOSS:
Osteopyhtes
Subcondral sclerosis
Subchondral cysts
PROGNOSIS:
Response to treatment
Stage of disease
Ill health
Spread (diffuse)
GnRH
LSH
FSH
ACTH
Prolactin function
BREASTS:
Beryllium
Radiation
Ankylosing spondylitis
Sarcoidosis
TB
Siliconiosis
Miscellaneous
The following may or may not fit properly into one of the above categories. They are being
stored in this section either temporarily or permanently. Categorize them if needed.
Asthma treatment
ASTHMA
Adrenergic agonists
Steroids
Theophylline
Hydration
Masked oxygen
Anticholinergics[80]
Croup: symptoms
3 S's:
Stridor
Subglottic swelling
Seal-bark cough
Cholinergic Crisis
Salivation
Lacrimation
Urination
Diaphoresis, Diarrhea
Gastrointestinal cramping
Emesis
Bradycardia
Bronchospasm
Bronchorrhea[81]
Spironolactone
Digitalis
Cimetidine
Alcohol
Ketoconazole[82]
Pentad of TTP
FAT RN:
Fever
Anemia
Thrombocytopenia
Renal
Neuro changes[83]
LMNOP:
Lasix
Morphine
Nitro
Oxygen
Tibialis anterior
Brachial plexus
Bowel components
"Dow Jones Industrial Average Closing Stock Report"
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Appendix
Colon
Sigmoid
Rectum[4]
10 = CN 10 (Vagus nerve)
O TOM CAT:
CA are the components within the sinus, from medial to lateral. CA ends at the level of T
from O TOM.
Carotid artery
Hepatic artery
Splenic artery
Chest
"The servant attacks with saw and axe the lumbar, stack and cord." - Cervical (atlas,
axis), thoracic, lumbar, sacral, caudal
"I Like To Rise So High", for Iliac vein (common), Lumbar vein, Testicular vein,
Renal vein, Suprarenal vein and Hepatic vein to represent the tributaries of the
Inferior vena cava [7]
Structures passing through greater sciatic foramen below piriformis (S.N.I.P. N.I.P.),
sciatic nerve, nerve to obturator internus, internal pudendal vessel, pudendal nerve,
nerve to quadratus femoris, inferior gluteal vessels, posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh
Structures passing through lesser sciatic foramen: (P.I.N.T.) pudendal nerve, internal
pudendal vessels, nerve to obturator internus, tendon of obturator internus
One common mnemonic used to remember the contents of the Tarsal tunnel from
anterior to posterior is "Tom, Dick and Harry".[8][9][10] or alternatively "Tom, Dick
(and very nervous) Harry" if the artery, vein, and nerve are included.
One mnemonic for remembering the contents of the cavernous sinus is "OTOM
CAT".[11]
The branches of the subclavian artery can be remembered using VITamin C and D.
The contents of posterior mediastinum can be remembered using the mnemonic,
"DATES", for Descending aorta, Azygous vein and hemiazygos vein, Thoracic duct,
Esophagus, Sympathetic trunk/ganglia.[7]
A commonly used mnemonic to remember the level of the diaphragmatic apertures is
this: Aortic hiatus = 12 letters = T12. Oesophagus, Vagal trunk = 10 letters = T10.
Vena cava = 8 letters = T8
Another common mnemonic is: "I ate ten eggs at twelve" I (IVC) ate (TV8); ten
(TV10) eggs (esophagus); at (aorta, azygos) twelve (TV12)
"I Read Very Old And Torn Articles" - IVC, Right phrenic nerve, Vagus,
Oesophagus, Aorta, Thoracic duct, Azygous vein.
Standing room only can be used to remember that V1 passes through the superior
orbital fissure, V2 through the foramen rotundum, and V3 through the foramen
ovale.[12]
Contents of the foramen magnum: VAMPS-ATM (Vertebral arteries, Anterior Spinal
artery, Meningeal branches of the cervical nerves, Posterior spinal arteries, Spinal part
of the accessory nerve, Alar and Apical ligaments of the dense, Tectorial membrane,
Medulla oblongata)[citation needed]
Deep cerebellar nuclei and their positions relative to the midline: "Fat Guys Eat
Donuts," where each letter indicates the medial to lateral location in the cerebellar
white matter (nucleus fastigii, globose nucleus, nucleus emboliformis and dentate
nucleus).[citation needed]
A mnemonic to remember the muscles that contribute tendons to the pes anserinus
and the innervations of these muscles is SGT FOT (sergeant FOT): S- Sartorius G-
Gracilis T- semiTendinosus (from anterior to posterior). F- femoral nerve O-
obturator nerve T- tibial division of the sciatic nerve. Notice the order of the muscles
(S, G, T) follows the order of the innervating nerves which correspond to those
muscles (F, O, T)[citation needed]
The femoral triangle is shaped like the sail of a sailing ship and hence its boundaries
can be remembered using the mnemonic, "SAIL" for Sartorius, Adductor longus and
Inguinal Ligament.[7]
The order of structures in the femoral triangle is important in the embalming of
bodies, as the femoral artery is often exposed and used to pump embalming fluids into
the body. The order of this neurovascular bundle can be remembered using the
mnemonic, "NAVY" for Nerve, Artery, Vein, Y -fronts (the British term of a style of
men's underwear with a "Y" shaped front that acts as a fly). The "Y" is midline
(corresponding with the penis) and the mnemonic always reads from lateral to medial
(in other words, the Femoral Nerve is always lateral). An alternate to this mnemonic
is "NAVEL" for Nerve, Artery, Vein, Empty Space and Lymph, to include the deep
inguinal lymph nodes located medial to the Femoral vein.[citation needed]
Cranial nerves
There are many mnemonics for the names of the cranial nerves, e.g. "OOOTTAFAGVSH" is
"OLd OPen OCeans TROuble TRIbesmen ABout Fish VEnom Giving VArious
ACute/SPlitting Headaches" (a mnemonic that gives enough letters to distinguish between
nerves that start with the same letter), or "On old Olympus's towering tops, a Finn and
German viewed some hops,"[13] and for the initial letters "OOOTTAFVGVAH" is "Oh, oh,
oh, to touch and feel very good velvet ... ah, heaven."[14] The differences between these
depend on "acoustic" versus "vestibulocochlear" and "spinal-accessory" versus "accessory".
A common example mnemonic for remembering which nerves are motor (M), sensory (S), or
both (B), "Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Big Boobs Matter More". There are
a very large number of additional mnemonics.[15]
Endocrine glands
The major glands of the endocrine system, excluding ovaries and testes.
Thymus
Thyroid
Anterior pituitary
Adrenal cortex
Adrenal medulla
Posterior pituitary
Parathyroid gland
Pancreas
Pineal[18]
Extraocular muscles
A good mnemonic to remember which muscles are innervated by what nerve is to paraphrase
it as a molecular equation: LR6SO4R3.[19]
Another way to remember which nerves innervate which muscles is to understand the
meaning behind all the Latin words.
The fourth cranial nerve, the trochlear, is so named because the muscle it innervates,
the superior oblique, runs through a little fascial pulley that changes its direction of
pull (the trochlea of superior oblique). This pulley exists in the superiomedial corner
of each orbit, and "trochl-" is Latin for "pulley."
The sixth cranial nerve, the abducens, is so named because it controls the lateral
rectus, which abducts the eye (rotates it laterally) upon contraction.
The third cranial nerve, the oculomotor, is so named because it is in charge of the
movement (motor) of the eye (oculo-). It controls all the other muscles.
Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis propria
Serosa[20]
A simple mnemonic for remembering this is "See I? I see, I see," with "see" representing the
C in "contralateral," and "I" representing the I in "ipsilateral." Another is "Emily and Pete
meet eye to eye" as in "M and P meet I to I," or again, Magno and Parvo meet Ipsi to Ipsi.
Another way of remembering this is 2+3=5, which is correct, so ipsilateral side, and 1+4
doesn't equal 6, so contralateral.
Retina
Seminiferous
Tubules
Epididymis
Vas deferens
Ejaculatory duct[21]
Sternal angle
A useful mnemonic for what passes through the sternal angle is "RAT PLLANT"
Rib 2
Aortic arch
Tracheal bifurcation
Pulmonary trunk
Ligamentum arteriosum
Left recurrent laryngeal
Azygos Vein
Nerves (Cardiac and Pulmonary plexuses)
Thoracic duct
Spine
Hand
Carpal bones:
Carpal Bones:
Carpal bones:
Neuroscience
Coronal section of brain: structures "In Extremis, Cannibals Eat People's Globus Pallidi
Instead of Their Hearts":
Insula
Extreme capsule
Claustrum
External capsule
Putamen
Globus pallidus
Internal capsule
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
FSH
LH
ACTH
GH
TSH
Prolactin
Anaesthesiology
Anesthesia machine/room check
MS MAID:
Suction
IV equipment
DOPE:
Esophagus
MALES:
Masks
Airways
Laryngoscopes
Endotracheal tubes
Bupivicaine
Procaine
Tetracaine
SPACE DIGS:
Sleep disruption
Psychomotor retardation
Appetite change
Concentration loss
Energy loss
Depressed mood
Interest wanes
Guilt
Suicidal tendencies
Denial
Anger
Bargaining
Grieving
Acceptance
HERO:
Risk taking
Omnipotence
CHAP:
Cataplexy
Hallucinations
Attacks of sleep
Paralysis on waking
Impotence causes
PLANE:
Psychogenic: performance anxiety
MED:
Ethanol
Diabetes mellitus
2 S's:
SSRIs
Stop and start method [5-6 rehearsals of stopping stimulation before climax]
Biochemistry
B vitamin names
In increasing order:
Thiamine (B1)
Riboflavin (B2)
Niacin (B3)
Pyridoxine (B6)
Cobalamin (B12)
Phe
Val
Thr
Trp
Ile
Met
His
Arg
Lue
Lys
Leucine
Isoleucine
Valine
A FOLIC DROP:
Alcoholism
Oral contraceptives
Low dietary intake
Celiac sprue
Dilatin
Old
Pregnant
ABCD:
Anderson's=Branching enzyme.
Cori's=Debranching enzyme.
Von Gierke's
Pompe's
Cori's
Anderson's
McArdle's
Her's
Cardiology
Aortic regurgitation: causes
CREAM:
Congenital
Rheumatic damage
Endocarditis
Marfan’s
SAD:
Syncope
Angina
Dyspnoea [23]
Vena and cava and left each have 4 letters, so vena cava is on the left[24]
ABC'S
Brachiocephalic trunk
left Subclavian[25]
HILT:
Heaving
Impalpable
Laterally displaced
Thrusting/ Tapping
Obesity
Dextrocardia [26]
Pirates:
Iatrogenic
Thyroid: hyperthyroid
Endocarditis
ABCD:
Anti-coagulate
Cardiovert
Digoxin[28]
3 D's:
Betaxolol
Acebutelol
Esmolol
Atenolol
Metoprolol [30]
Failure
Forgot medication
Arrhythmia/ Anaemia
Renal failure
Darth Vader
Death
Arrythmia
Tamponade
Valve disease
Aneurysm of Ventricles
Dressler's Syndrome
thromboEmbolism (mural thrombus)
Dust:
Unstable angina
WiLLiaM MaRRoW:
Ramp:
Recent MI
Aortic stenosis
Pulmonary hypertension[35]
Tricuspid
Pulmonary
Mitral (bicuspid)
Aorta [36]
Infarctions
IV access
Rest
Thrombolysis
IV beta blocker
Oxygen 60%
Nitrates
Stool Softeners[37]
ASK ME
Atrial contraction
Emptying of atrium[38]
BOOMAR:
Bed rest
Oxygen
Opiate
Monitor
Anticoagulate
Reduce clot size[39]
PULSE:
Upset stomach
Lightheadedness
Shortness of breath
Excessive sweating[40]
O BATMAN!
Oxygen
Beta blocker
ASA
Morphine
Ace prn
Nitroglycerin[41]
COAG:
Cyclomorph
Oxygen
Aspirin
Glycerol trinitrate[42]
Murmur attributes
Location
Pitch
Quality
Radiation
Shape
Timing[43]
8 S's:
Soft
Systolic
Short
Symptomless
SCRIPT:
Site
Intensity
Pitch
Timing[46]
Stenosis=Systolic.
Insufficiency=Diastolic. [47]
Pericarditis: causes
CARDIAC RIND:
Aortic aneurysm
Radiation
Infections
Cardiac infarction
Rheumatic fever
Injury
Neoplasms
Dressler's syndrome[48]
Pericarditis: EKG
PericarditiS:
SICVD:
Integrity of skin
Color of toenails
Varicose veins
Distribution of hair[50]
PATCH MED:
Pulmonary embolus
Acidosis
Tension pneumothorax
Cardiac tamponade
Myocardial infarction
Electrolyte derangements
Drugs[51]
ELEVATION:
Electrolytes
LBBB
Early repolarization
Ventricular hypertrophy
Aneurysm
Treatment (e.g. pericardiocentesis)
Non-occlusive vasospasm[52]
ABCDE:
Adenosine
Beta-blocker
Digoxin
LAMB:
Lidocaine
Amiodarone
Mexiltene/ Magnesium
Beta-blocker[54]
Neutrophils
lymphocytes
monocytes
eosinophils
basophils[55]
Emergency medicine
Acute LVF management
LMNOP:
Lasix (furosemide)
Morphine (diamorphine)
Nitrates
Thyroid
Hypothermia
Embolism (P.E.)
Alcohol
Ischemia
Atrial enlargement
Lone or idiopathic
Infarct
Ipecac: contraindications
4 C's:
Comatose
Convulsing
Corrosive
hydroCarbon[58]
PQRST(EKG waves):
Pericardial effusion
DOGASH:
Diamorphine
Oxygen
GTN spray
Asprin 300mg
Streptokinase
Heparin[60]
ITCHPAD
Infarction
Tension pneumothorax
Cardiac tamponade
Hypovolemia/Hypothermia/Hypo-,Hyperkalemia/Hypomagnesmia/Hypoxemia
Pulmonary embolism
Acidosis
Drug overdose[61]
SOAP ME
Suction
Oxygen
Airway Equipment
Positioning
TV SPARC CUBE:
Thirst
Vomiting
Sweating
Pulse weak
Anxious
Respirations shallow/rapid
Cool
Cyanotic
Unconscious
BP low
Eyes blank[63]
Shock: types
Respiratory
Neurogenic
Cardiogenic
Hemorrhagic
Anaphylactic
Metabolic
Psychogenic
Septic[64]
BATS:
Berry aneurysm
Trauma
Stroke[65]
Hypoxia/Hypoglycemia
Epilepsy
Anxiety
Embolism (PE)
T'achycardia
Vasovagal
Situational
Subclavian steal
Shock, Shock, Shock, Everybody Shock, Little Shock, Big Shock, Momma Shock, Poppa
Shock:
Shock= Defibrillate
Everybody= Epinephine
Little= Lidocaine
Big= Bretylium
Momma= MgSO4
Poppa= Pocainamide[67]
Eviseration/ Ecchymosis
Masses
AEIOU TIPS
Alcohol
Insulin
Overdose, Oxygen
Underdose, Uremia
Trauma, Temperature
Infection
Psychogenic, Poisons
Stroke, Shock[68]
Cause of symptoms
Provocation or palliation
Severity
Time
Fetal Monitoring
VEAL CHOP
Neurovascular Assessment
5 P's:
Pain
Pallor
Paresthesia
Pulse
Paralysis[71]
Trauma assessment
DCAP-BTLS
Contusions
Burns
Tenderness
Lacerations
OTIS CAMPBELL
Organophosphates
Tricyclic antidepressants
Isoniazid, Insulin
Sympathomimetics
Camphor, Cocaine
Amphetamines
Methylxanthines
Ethanol withdrawal
Lithium, Lidocaine
Lindane, Lead[72]
ABCDEFGHI:
DKA
Ears [labyrinthitis]
Glaucoma
Hyperemesis gravidarum
Aortic
Pulmonary
Tricuspid
Mitral
Visual response
Verbal response
Behavioural abnormalities
Perception abnormalities
History
SAMPLE history
Allergies
Medications
Last meal/intake
Orthopaedic Assessment
CLORIDE FPP
Radiation:
Intensity: how severe (scale 1-10), impact on ADLs (activities of daily living), is it getting
better, worse or staying the same?
Events associated: falls, morning stiffness, swelling, redness, joint clicking or locking,
muscle cramps, muscle wasting, movement limitation, weakness, numbness or tingling, fever,
chills, trauma (mechanism of injury), occupation activities, sports, repetitive movements
Frequency: intermittent vs. constant, have you ever had this pain before?
Palliative factors: is there anything that makes it better? (rest, activity, meds, heat, cold)
Provocative factors: is there anything that makes it worse? (rest, activity, etc.)[73]
SOCRATES:
Site
Onset
Character
Radiation
Exacerbating factors
Severity
9 F's:
Fat
Feces
Fluid
Flatus
Fetus
Full-sized tumors
Full bladder
Fibroids
False pregnancy
12 P's
Papilloedema
Paralysis, Paresis
Pyramidal signs
Pin prick sensory response
Pee (incontinent)
Patellar reflex
Ptosis
Bobbing is fast
Dipping is slow
3AM:
Myotonic pupil
ABC:
Behaviour
Vascular
Autoimmune
Metabolic
Idiopathic
Neoplastic
Example usage: List causes of decreased vision: Central retinal artery occlusion,
Retinitis pigmentosa, Perforation to gobe, Chronic Gentamycin use, Ruematoid
arthritis, Diabetes, Idiopathic, Any eye tumor, Myopia.
BALD CHASM:
Arthritis
Lung disease
Diabetes
Cancer
Heart disease
Alcoholism
Stroke
Inspection
Auscultation
Percussion
Palpation
Myocardial infarction
Jaundice
Tuberculosis
Hypertension
Epilepsy
Asthma
Diabetes
Strokes
VAMP THIS:
Allergies
Medications
Trauma
Hospitalizations
Immunizations
Surgeries
SOAP:
LADDERS:
Anxiety
Depression
Relationships
Consistency
Attachment
Mobility
Pulsation
Fluctuation
Irreducibility
Edge
Inspection
Palpation
Percussion
Auscultation
RETARD HEIGHT:
Rickets
Turner syndrome
Achondroplasia
Down syndrome
Hereditary
IUGR
GI (malabsorption)
sIgn: something I can detect even if patient is unconscious. sYMptom is something only
hYM knows about.
INVESTIGATIONS:
Iatrogenic
Neoplastic
Vascular
Endocrine
Structural/ Mechanical
Traumatic
Inflammatory
Genetic/ Congenital
Autoimmune
Toxic
Infective
Nutritional
Spontaneous/ Idiopathic
LMNOP:
Lump
Mammary changes
Nipple changes
Other symptoms
SPIKES:
Setting up
Perception
Invitation
Knowledge
Emotions
Strategy and Summary
Neurology
Chorea: common causes
Sydenhams
Vascular
Uremia
SLE
Senile chorea
Drugs
APLA syndrome
DREAMS:
Reflexes decreased
Enzymes normal
Milestones delayed
Skeletal abnormalities[75]
Drugs/Depression
Elderly
'Multi-infarct/Medication
Environmental
Nutritional
Toxins
Ischemia
Alcohol[76]
HEADS:
Hypertension/ Hyperlipidemia
Elderly
Atrial fib
Smoking/Sex (male)[77]
Horner Syndrome
Horny PAMELA:
Ptosis
Anhydrosis
Miosis
Enophtalmos
Anisocoria
Pathology
Acute ischemia: signs [especially limbs]
6 P's:
Pain
Pallor
Pulselessness
Paralysis
Paraesthesia
Perishingly cold
ABCD:
Chronic disease
Destruction (hemolysis)
ANEMIA:
No folate or B12
Ethanol
Iron deficient
Sex: male
Age: middle-aged, elderly
Diabetes mellitus
BP high: hypertension
Elevated cholesterol
Tobacco
CARCinoid:
Cutaneous flushing
Asthmatic wheezing
Cushing syndrome
CUSHING:
Central obesity/ Cervical fat pads/ Collagen fiber weakness/ Comedones (acne)
Noniatrogenic (Neoplasms)
5 F's:
Fat
Female
Cirrhosis
Carcinoma
Cardiac failure
Cholestasis
Cysts
Cellular infiltration
Morphine: effects
MORPHINES:
Miosis
Orthostatic hypotension
Respiratory depression
Pain supression
Increased ICT
Nausea
Euphoria
Sedation
FLAME:
Fatty
Liver
Anemia
Malabsorption
Edema
Pancreatitis: causes
PANCREATITIS:
Posterior
Alcohol
Neoplasm
Cholelithiasis
Rx (lasix, AZT)
ERCP
Abdominal surgery
Trauma
Infection (mumps)
Triglycerides elevated
I'diopathic
Scorpion sting
PKU findings
PKU:
Pale hair, skin
Unpleasant smell
"MorPHINE:Fine. AmPHETamine:Fat":
Pericarditis findings
PERICarditis:
Pulsus paradoxus
ECG changes
Rub
Increased JVP
P ositive birefringent
P olygon shaped
Gout therefore is the negative needle shaped crystals. Also, gout classically strikes great Toe,
and its hallmark is Tophi.
abcdefghij
Bruising
Clubbing/ Colour change of nails (leuconychia)
Dupuytren’s contracture
Foetor hepaticus
Gynaecomastia
Hepatomegaly
Jaundice[79]
Psychiatry
Conduct disorder vs. Antisocial personality disorder
AWESOME:
Affect flat
Energy, loss of
Sad feelings/ Suicide thoughts or plans or attempts/ Sexual inhibition/ Sleep change (loss or
excess)/ Social withdrawal
Memory loss
Emotional blunting
Depression
UNHAPPINESS:
Pseudodementia
Pain
Nihilistic
Endogenous
Syndromal
Mr. Trust and MsTrust had an auto they were ashamed of. She took the initiative to find
the guilty party. She found the industry was inferior. They were making cars with dents
[identity] and rolling fuses [role confusion]. Mr. N.T. Macy [intimacy] isolated the problem,
General TVT absorbed the cost. In the end, they found the tires were just gritty and the
should have used de- spare!
DIG FAST:
Distractibility
Grandiosity
Flight of ideas
Activity increase
Activity increased
Naughty (disinhibition)
Insomnia
Attention (distractability)
SLeep terrors and SLeepwalking occur during SLow-wave sleep (stages 3 & 4).NightmaRE
occurs during REM sleep (and is REMembered).
Depression and other mood disorders (major depression, bipolar disorder, dysthymia)
Somatization disorder, eating disorders (these two disorders are combined because both
involve disorders of bodily perception)
4 A's:
Ambivalence
Affective incongruence
Associative loosening
Autism
Substance dependence: features (DSM IV)
WITHDraw IT:
Withdrawal
Tolerance
Radiology / Oncology
Anterior mediastinal masses
4 T's:
Teratoma
Thymoma
Testicular-type
Risk is 30% at age 30. Risk is 40% at age 40, and so on.
"Pamela Found Our Rotation Particularly Exciting; Very Highly Commended Mainly 'Cus
She Arouses":
Patient details
Film details
Penetration
Expansion
Vessels
Hila
Costophrenic angles
Mediastinum
Cardiothoracic Ratio
Preliminary is ABCDEF:
AP or PA
Body position
Confirm name
Date
Exposure
Analysis is ABCDEF:
Wegener's syndrome
Histiocytosis
Oncological
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Environmental, occupational
Sarcoid
BLAB:
Bone
Liver
Adrenals
Brain
CRITOE: Capitellum
Radial head
Internal epicondyle
Trochlea
Olecranon
External epicondyle
ABCDEF:
Achalasia
Barret's esophagus
Corrosive esophagitis
Diverticuliis
Esophageal web
Familial
B lood
Cistern
Brain
Ventricles
Bone
SPEECH:
Ectopic hormones
Eaton-Lambert syndrome
Clubbing
Horner syndrome/ Hoarseness
ABCDE:
Asymmetry
Border irregular
Colour irregular
Elevation irregular
ABCD:
Dark spots: ensure not abnormally big, or could mean excess blood
LOSS:
Osteopyhtes
Subcondral sclerosis
Subchondral cysts
PROGNOSIS:
Response to treatment
Stage of disease
Ill health
Spread (diffuse)
GnRH
LSH
FSH
ACTH
Prolactin function
BREASTS:
Beryllium
Radiation
Ankylosing spondylitis
Sarcoidosis
TB
Siliconiosis
Miscellaneous
The following may or may not fit properly into one of the above categories. They are being
stored in this section either temporarily or permanently. Categorize them if needed.
Asthma treatment
ASTHMA
Adrenergic agonists
Steroids
Theophylline
Hydration
Masked oxygen
Anticholinergics[80]
Croup: symptoms
3 S's:
Stridor
Subglottic swelling
Seal-bark cough
Cholinergic Crisis
Salivation
Lacrimation
Urination
Diaphoresis, Diarrhea
Gastrointestinal cramping
Emesis
Bradycardia
Bronchospasm
Bronchorrhea[81]
Spironolactone
Digitalis
Cimetidine
Alcohol
Ketoconazole[82]
Pentad of TTP
FAT RN:
Fever
Anemia
Thrombocytopenia
Renal
Neuro changes[83]
LMNOP:
Lasix
Morphine
Nitro
Oxygen
MS MAID:
Suction
IV equipment
DOPE:
Esophagus
MALES:
Masks
Airways
Laryngoscopes
Endotracheal tubes
Bupivicaine
Procaine
Tetracaine
SPACE DIGS:
Sleep disruption
Psychomotor retardation
Appetite change
Concentration loss
Energy loss
Depressed mood
Interest wanes
Guilt
Suicidal tendencies
Denial
Anger
Bargaining
Grieving
Acceptance
HERO:
Risk taking
Omnipotence
CHAP:
Cataplexy
Hallucinations
Attacks of sleep
Paralysis on waking
Impotence causes
PLANE:
Psychogenic: performance anxiety
MED:
Ethanol
Diabetes mellitus
2 S's:
SSRIs
Stop and start method [5-6 rehearsals of stopping stimulation before climax]
Biochemistry
B vitamin names
In increasing order:
Thiamine (B1)
Riboflavin (B2)
Niacin (B3)
Pyridoxine (B6)
Cobalamin (B12)
Phe
Val
Thr
Trp
Ile
Met
His
Arg
Lue
Lys
Leucine
Isoleucine
Valine
A FOLIC DROP:
Alcoholism
Oral contraceptives
Low dietary intake
Celiac sprue
Dilatin
Old
Pregnant
ABCD:
Anderson's=Branching enzyme.
Cori's=Debranching enzyme.
Von Gierke's
Pompe's
Cori's
Anderson's
McArdle's
Her's
Cardiology
Aortic regurgitation: causes
CREAM:
Congenital
Rheumatic damage
Endocarditis
Marfan’s
SAD:
Syncope
Angina
Dyspnoea [23]
Vena and cava and left each have 4 letters, so vena cava is on the left[24]
ABC'S
Brachiocephalic trunk
left Subclavian[25]
HILT:
Heaving
Impalpable
Laterally displaced
Thrusting/ Tapping
Obesity
Dextrocardia [26]
Pirates:
Iatrogenic
Thyroid: hyperthyroid
Endocarditis
ABCD:
Anti-coagulate
Cardiovert
Digoxin[28]
3 D's:
Betaxolol
Acebutelol
Esmolol
Atenolol
Metoprolol [30]
Failure
Forgot medication
Arrhythmia/ Anaemia
Renal failure
Darth Vader
Death
Arrythmia
Tamponade
Valve disease
Aneurysm of Ventricles
Dressler's Syndrome
thromboEmbolism (mural thrombus)
Dust:
Unstable angina
WiLLiaM MaRRoW:
Ramp:
Recent MI
Aortic stenosis
Pulmonary hypertension[35]
Tricuspid
Pulmonary
Mitral (bicuspid)
Aorta [36]
Infarctions
IV access
Rest
Thrombolysis
IV beta blocker
Oxygen 60%
Nitrates
Stool Softeners[37]
ASK ME
Atrial contraction
Emptying of atrium[38]
BOOMAR:
Bed rest
Oxygen
Opiate
Monitor
Anticoagulate
Reduce clot size[39]
PULSE:
Upset stomach
Lightheadedness
Shortness of breath
Excessive sweating[40]
O BATMAN!
Oxygen
Beta blocker
ASA
Morphine
Ace prn
Nitroglycerin[41]
COAG:
Cyclomorph
Oxygen
Aspirin
Glycerol trinitrate[42]
Murmur attributes
Location
Pitch
Quality
Radiation
Shape
Timing[43]
8 S's:
Soft
Systolic
Short
Symptomless
SCRIPT:
Site
Intensity
Pitch
Timing[46]
Stenosis=Systolic.
Insufficiency=Diastolic. [47]
Pericarditis: causes
CARDIAC RIND:
Aortic aneurysm
Radiation
Infections
Cardiac infarction
Rheumatic fever
Injury
Neoplasms
Dressler's syndrome[48]
Pericarditis: EKG
PericarditiS:
SICVD:
Integrity of skin
Color of toenails
Varicose veins
Distribution of hair[50]
PATCH MED:
Pulmonary embolus
Acidosis
Tension pneumothorax
Cardiac tamponade
Myocardial infarction
Electrolyte derangements
Drugs[51]
ELEVATION:
Electrolytes
LBBB
Early repolarization
Ventricular hypertrophy
Aneurysm
Treatment (e.g. pericardiocentesis)
Non-occlusive vasospasm[52]
ABCDE:
Adenosine
Beta-blocker
Digoxin
LAMB:
Lidocaine
Amiodarone
Mexiltene/ Magnesium
Beta-blocker[54]
Neutrophils
lymphocytes
monocytes
eosinophils
basophils[55]
Emergency medicine
Acute LVF management
LMNOP:
Lasix (furosemide)
Morphine (diamorphine)
Nitrates
Thyroid
Hypothermia
Embolism (P.E.)
Alcohol
Ischemia
Atrial enlargement
Lone or idiopathic
Infarct
Ipecac: contraindications
4 C's:
Comatose
Convulsing
Corrosive
hydroCarbon[58]
PQRST(EKG waves):
Pericardial effusion
DOGASH:
Diamorphine
Oxygen
GTN spray
Asprin 300mg
Streptokinase
Heparin[60]
ITCHPAD
Infarction
Tension pneumothorax
Cardiac tamponade
Hypovolemia/Hypothermia/Hypo-,Hyperkalemia/Hypomagnesmia/Hypoxemia
Pulmonary embolism
Acidosis
Drug overdose[61]
SOAP ME
Suction
Oxygen
Airway Equipment
Positioning
TV SPARC CUBE:
Thirst
Vomiting
Sweating
Pulse weak
Anxious
Respirations shallow/rapid
Cool
Cyanotic
Unconscious
BP low
Eyes blank[63]
Shock: types
Respiratory
Neurogenic
Cardiogenic
Hemorrhagic
Anaphylactic
Metabolic
Psychogenic
Septic[64]
BATS:
Berry aneurysm
Trauma
Stroke[65]
Hypoxia/Hypoglycemia
Epilepsy
Anxiety
Embolism (PE)
T'achycardia
Vasovagal
Situational
Subclavian steal
Shock, Shock, Shock, Everybody Shock, Little Shock, Big Shock, Momma Shock, Poppa
Shock:
Shock= Defibrillate
Everybody= Epinephine
Little= Lidocaine
Big= Bretylium
Momma= MgSO4
Poppa= Pocainamide[67]
Eviseration/ Ecchymosis
Masses
AEIOU TIPS
Alcohol
Insulin
Overdose, Oxygen
Underdose, Uremia
Trauma, Temperature
Infection
Psychogenic, Poisons
Stroke, Shock[68]
Cause of symptoms
Provocation or palliation
Severity
Time
Fetal Monitoring
VEAL CHOP
Neurovascular Assessment
5 P's:
Pain
Pallor
Paresthesia
Pulse
Paralysis[71]
Trauma assessment
DCAP-BTLS
Contusions
Burns
Tenderness
Lacerations
OTIS CAMPBELL
Organophosphates
Tricyclic antidepressants
Isoniazid, Insulin
Sympathomimetics
Camphor, Cocaine
Amphetamines
Methylxanthines
Ethanol withdrawal
Lithium, Lidocaine
Lindane, Lead[72]
ABCDEFGHI:
DKA
Ears [labyrinthitis]
Glaucoma
Hyperemesis gravidarum
Aortic
Pulmonary
Tricuspid
Mitral
Visual response
Verbal response
Behavioural abnormalities
Perception abnormalities
History
SAMPLE history
Allergies
Medications
Last meal/intake
Orthopaedic Assessment
CLORIDE FPP
Radiation:
Intensity: how severe (scale 1-10), impact on ADLs (activities of daily living), is it getting
better, worse or staying the same?
Events associated: falls, morning stiffness, swelling, redness, joint clicking or locking,
muscle cramps, muscle wasting, movement limitation, weakness, numbness or tingling, fever,
chills, trauma (mechanism of injury), occupation activities, sports, repetitive movements
Frequency: intermittent vs. constant, have you ever had this pain before?
Palliative factors: is there anything that makes it better? (rest, activity, meds, heat, cold)
Provocative factors: is there anything that makes it worse? (rest, activity, etc.)[73]
SOCRATES:
Site
Onset
Character
Radiation
Exacerbating factors
Severity
9 F's:
Fat
Feces
Fluid
Flatus
Fetus
Full-sized tumors
Full bladder
Fibroids
False pregnancy
12 P's
Papilloedema
Paralysis, Paresis
Pyramidal signs
Pin prick sensory response
Pee (incontinent)
Patellar reflex
Ptosis
Bobbing is fast
Dipping is slow
3AM:
Myotonic pupil
ABC:
Behaviour
Vascular
Autoimmune
Metabolic
Idiopathic
Neoplastic
Example usage: List causes of decreased vision: Central retinal artery occlusion,
Retinitis pigmentosa, Perforation to gobe, Chronic Gentamycin use, Ruematoid
arthritis, Diabetes, Idiopathic, Any eye tumor, Myopia.
BALD CHASM:
Arthritis
Lung disease
Diabetes
Cancer
Heart disease
Alcoholism
Stroke
Inspection
Auscultation
Percussion
Palpation
Myocardial infarction
Jaundice
Tuberculosis
Hypertension
Epilepsy
Asthma
Diabetes
Strokes
VAMP THIS:
Allergies
Medications
Trauma
Hospitalizations
Immunizations
Surgeries
SOAP:
LADDERS:
Anxiety
Depression
Relationships
Consistency
Attachment
Mobility
Pulsation
Fluctuation
Irreducibility
Edge
Inspection
Palpation
Percussion
Auscultation
RETARD HEIGHT:
Rickets
Turner syndrome
Achondroplasia
Down syndrome
Hereditary
IUGR
GI (malabsorption)
sIgn: something I can detect even if patient is unconscious. sYMptom is something only
hYM knows about.
INVESTIGATIONS:
Iatrogenic
Neoplastic
Vascular
Endocrine
Structural/ Mechanical
Traumatic
Inflammatory
Genetic/ Congenital
Autoimmune
Toxic
Infective
Nutritional
Spontaneous/ Idiopathic
LMNOP:
Lump
Mammary changes
Nipple changes
Other symptoms
SPIKES:
Setting up
Perception
Invitation
Knowledge
Emotions
Strategy and Summary
Neurology
Chorea: common causes
Sydenhams
Vascular
Uremia
SLE
Senile chorea
Drugs
APLA syndrome
DREAMS:
Reflexes decreased
Enzymes normal
Milestones delayed
Skeletal abnormalities[75]
Drugs/Depression
Elderly
'Multi-infarct/Medication
Environmental
Nutritional
Toxins
Ischemia
Alcohol[76]
HEADS:
Hypertension/ Hyperlipidemia
Elderly
Atrial fib
Smoking/Sex (male)[77]
Horner Syndrome
Horny PAMELA:
Ptosis
Anhydrosis
Miosis
Enophtalmos
Anisocoria
Pathology
Acute ischemia: signs [especially limbs]
6 P's:
Pain
Pallor
Pulselessness
Paralysis
Paraesthesia
Perishingly cold
ABCD:
Chronic disease
Destruction (hemolysis)
ANEMIA:
No folate or B12
Ethanol
Iron deficient
Sex: male
Age: middle-aged, elderly
Diabetes mellitus
BP high: hypertension
Elevated cholesterol
Tobacco
CARCinoid:
Cutaneous flushing
Asthmatic wheezing
Cushing syndrome
CUSHING:
Central obesity/ Cervical fat pads/ Collagen fiber weakness/ Comedones (acne)
Noniatrogenic (Neoplasms)
5 F's:
Fat
Female
Cirrhosis
Carcinoma
Cardiac failure
Cholestasis
Cysts
Cellular infiltration
Morphine: effects
MORPHINES:
Miosis
Orthostatic hypotension
Respiratory depression
Pain supression
Increased ICT
Nausea
Euphoria
Sedation
FLAME:
Fatty
Liver
Anemia
Malabsorption
Edema
Pancreatitis: causes
PANCREATITIS:
Posterior
Alcohol
Neoplasm
Cholelithiasis
Rx (lasix, AZT)
ERCP
Abdominal surgery
Trauma
Infection (mumps)
Triglycerides elevated
I'diopathic
Scorpion sting
PKU findings
PKU:
Pale hair, skin
Unpleasant smell
"MorPHINE:Fine. AmPHETamine:Fat":
Pericarditis findings
PERICarditis:
Pulsus paradoxus
ECG changes
Rub
Increased JVP
P ositive birefringent
P olygon shaped
Gout therefore is the negative needle shaped crystals. Also, gout classically strikes great Toe,
and its hallmark is Tophi.
abcdefghij
Bruising
Clubbing/ Colour change of nails (leuconychia)
Dupuytren’s contracture
Foetor hepaticus
Gynaecomastia
Hepatomegaly
Jaundice[79]
Psychiatry
Conduct disorder vs. Antisocial personality disorder
AWESOME:
Affect flat
Energy, loss of
Sad feelings/ Suicide thoughts or plans or attempts/ Sexual inhibition/ Sleep change (loss or
excess)/ Social withdrawal
Memory loss
Emotional blunting
Depression
UNHAPPINESS:
Pseudodementia
Pain
Nihilistic
Endogenous
Syndromal
Mr. Trust and MsTrust had an auto they were ashamed of. She took the initiative to find
the guilty party. She found the industry was inferior. They were making cars with dents
[identity] and rolling fuses [role confusion]. Mr. N.T. Macy [intimacy] isolated the problem,
General TVT absorbed the cost. In the end, they found the tires were just gritty and the
should have used de- spare!
DIG FAST:
Distractibility
Grandiosity
Flight of ideas
Activity increase
Activity increased
Naughty (disinhibition)
Insomnia
Attention (distractability)
SLeep terrors and SLeepwalking occur during SLow-wave sleep (stages 3 & 4).NightmaRE
occurs during REM sleep (and is REMembered).
Depression and other mood disorders (major depression, bipolar disorder, dysthymia)
Somatization disorder, eating disorders (these two disorders are combined because both
involve disorders of bodily perception)
4 A's:
Ambivalence
Affective incongruence
Associative loosening
Autism
Substance dependence: features (DSM IV)
WITHDraw IT:
Withdrawal
Tolerance
Radiology / Oncology
Anterior mediastinal masses
4 T's:
Teratoma
Thymoma
Testicular-type
Risk is 30% at age 30. Risk is 40% at age 40, and so on.
"Pamela Found Our Rotation Particularly Exciting; Very Highly Commended Mainly 'Cus
She Arouses":
Patient details
Film details
Penetration
Expansion
Vessels
Hila
Costophrenic angles
Mediastinum
Cardiothoracic Ratio
Preliminary is ABCDEF:
AP or PA
Body position
Confirm name
Date
Exposure
Analysis is ABCDEF:
Wegener's syndrome
Histiocytosis
Oncological
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Environmental, occupational
Sarcoid
BLAB:
Bone
Liver
Adrenals
Brain
CRITOE: Capitellum
Radial head
Internal epicondyle
Trochlea
Olecranon
External epicondyle
ABCDEF:
Achalasia
Barret's esophagus
Corrosive esophagitis
Diverticuliis
Esophageal web
Familial
B lood
Cistern
Brain
Ventricles
Bone
SPEECH:
Ectopic hormones
Eaton-Lambert syndrome
Clubbing
Horner syndrome/ Hoarseness
ABCDE:
Asymmetry
Border irregular
Colour irregular
Elevation irregular
ABCD:
Dark spots: ensure not abnormally big, or could mean excess blood
LOSS:
Osteopyhtes
Subcondral sclerosis
Subchondral cysts
PROGNOSIS:
Response to treatment
Stage of disease
Ill health
Spread (diffuse)
GnRH
LSH
FSH
ACTH
Prolactin function
BREASTS:
Beryllium
Radiation
Ankylosing spondylitis
Sarcoidosis
TB
Siliconiosis
Miscellaneous
The following may or may not fit properly into one of the above categories. They are being
stored in this section either temporarily or permanently. Categorize them if needed.
Asthma treatment
ASTHMA
Adrenergic agonists
Steroids
Theophylline
Hydration
Masked oxygen
Anticholinergics[80]
Croup: symptoms
3 S's:
Stridor
Subglottic swelling
Seal-bark cough
Cholinergic Crisis
Salivation
Lacrimation
Urination
Diaphoresis, Diarrhea
Gastrointestinal cramping
Emesis
Bradycardia
Bronchospasm
Bronchorrhea[81]
Spironolactone
Digitalis
Cimetidine
Alcohol
Ketoconazole[82]
Pentad of TTP
FAT RN:
Fever
Anemia
Thrombocytopenia
Renal
Neuro changes[83]
LMNOP:
Lasix
Morphine
Nitro
Oxygen
SPACE DIGS:
Sleep disruption
Psychomotor retardation
Appetite change
Concentration loss
Energy loss
Depressed mood
Interest wanes
Guilt
Suicidal tendencies
Denial
Anger
Bargaining
Grieving
Acceptance
Risk taking
Omnipotence
CHAP:
Cataplexy
Hallucinations
Attacks of sleep
Paralysis on waking
Impotence causes
PLANE:
MED:
Diabetes mellitus
2 S's:
SSRIs
Stop and start method [5-6 rehearsals of stopping stimulation before climax]
Biochemistry
B vitamin names
In increasing order:
Thiamine (B1)
Riboflavin (B2)
Niacin (B3)
Pyridoxine (B6)
Cobalamin (B12)
Phe
Val
Thr
Trp
Ile
Met
His
Arg
Lue
Lys
Leucine
Isoleucine
Valine
A FOLIC DROP:
Alcoholism
Oral contraceptives
Celiac sprue
Dilatin
Old
Pregnant
Anderson's=Branching enzyme.
Cori's=Debranching enzyme.
Von Gierke's
Pompe's
Cori's
Anderson's
McArdle's
Her's
Cardiology
Aortic regurgitation: causes
CREAM:
Congenital
Rheumatic damage
Endocarditis
Marfan’s
SAD:
Syncope
Angina
Dyspnoea [23]
Aorta vs. vena cava: right vs. left
Vena and cava and left each have 4 letters, so vena cava is on the left[24]
ABC'S
Brachiocephalic trunk
left Subclavian[25]
HILT:
Heaving
Impalpable
Laterally displaced
Thrusting/ Tapping
COPD
Obesity
Dextrocardia [26]
Pirates:
Iatrogenic
Rheumatic heart: mirtral regurgitation
Thyroid: hyperthyroid
Endocarditis
ABCD:
Anti-coagulate
Cardiovert
Digoxin[28]
3 D's:
Betaxolol
Acebutelol
Esmolol
Atenolol
Metoprolol [30]
Failure
Forgot medication
Arrhythmia/ Anaemia
Renal failure
Darth Vader
Death
Arrythmia
Tamponade
Valve disease
Aneurysm of Ventricles
Dressler's Syndrome
Dust:
Unstable angina
WiLLiaM MaRRoW:
Ramp:
Recent MI
Aortic stenosis
Pulmonary hypertension[35]
Tricuspid
Pulmonary
Mitral (bicuspid)
Aorta [36]
Infarctions
IV access
Rest
Thrombolysis
IV beta blocker
Oxygen 60%
Nitrates
Stool Softeners[37]
ASK ME
Atrial contraction
Emptying of atrium[38]
BOOMAR:
Bed rest
Oxygen
Opiate
Monitor
Anticoagulate
PULSE:
Upset stomach
Lightheadedness
Shortness of breath
Excessive sweating[40]
MI: therapeutic treatment
O BATMAN!
Oxygen
Beta blocker
ASA
Morphine
Ace prn
Nitroglycerin[41]
COAG:
Cyclomorph
Oxygen
Aspirin
Glycerol trinitrate[42]
Murmur attributes
Intensity
Location
Pitch
Quality
Radiation
Shape
Timing[43]
Murmurs: innocent murmur features
8 S's:
Soft
Systolic
Short
Symptomless
SCRIPT:
Site
Radiation
Intensity
Pitch
Timing[46]
Stenosis=Systolic.
Pericarditis: causes
CARDIAC RIND:
Aortic aneurysm
Radiation
Infections
Cardiac infarction
Rheumatic fever
Injury
Neoplasms
Dressler's syndrome[48]
Pericarditis: EKG
PericarditiS:
ST elevation.[49]
SICVD:
Integrity of skin
Color of toenails
Varicose veins
Distribution of hair[50]
Pulseless electrical activity: causes
PATCH MED:
Pulmonary embolus
Acidosis
Tension pneumothorax
Cardiac tamponade
Myocardial infarction
Electrolyte derangements
Drugs[51]
ELEVATION:
Electrolytes
LBBB
Early repolarization
Ventricular hypertrophy
Aneurysm
Non-occlusive vasospasm[52]
ABCDE:
Adenosine
Beta-blocker
Calcium channel antagonist
Digoxin
LAMB:
Lidocaine
Amiodarone
Mexiltene/ Magnesium
Beta-blocker[54]
Neutrophils
lymphocytes
monocytes
eosinophils
basophils[55]
Emergency medicine
Acute LVF management
LMNOP:
Lasix (furosemide)
Morphine (diamorphine)
Nitrates
Thyroid
Hypothermia
Embolism (P.E.)
Alcohol
Ischemia
Atrial enlargement
Lone or idiopathic
Infarct
Ipecac: contraindications
4 C's:
Comatose
Convulsing
Corrosive
hydroCarbon[58]
PQRST(EKG waves):
Pericardial effusion
Quantity of fluid raised (fluid over load)
DOGASH:
Diamorphine
Oxygen
GTN spray
Asprin 300mg
Streptokinase
Heparin[60]
ITCHPAD
Infarction
Tension pneumothorax
Cardiac tamponade
Hypovolemia/Hypothermia/Hypo-,Hyperkalemia/Hypomagnesmia/Hypoxemia
Pulmonary embolism
Acidosis
Drug overdose[61]
SOAP ME
Suction
Oxygen
Airway Equipment
Positioning
TV SPARC CUBE:
Thirst
Vomiting
Sweating
Pulse weak
Anxious
Respirations shallow/rapid
Cool
Cyanotic
Unconscious
BP low
Eyes blank[63]
Shock: types
Respiratory
Neurogenic
Cardiogenic
Hemorrhagic
Anaphylactic
Metabolic
Psychogenic
Septic[64]
BATS:
Berry aneurysm
Trauma
Stroke[65]
Hypoxia/Hypoglycemia
Epilepsy
Anxiety
Heart attack
Embolism (PE)
T'achycardia
Vasovagal
Subclavian steal
Shock, Shock, Shock, Everybody Shock, Little Shock, Big Shock, Momma Shock, Poppa
Shock:
Shock= Defibrillate
Everybody= Epinephine
Little= Lidocaine
Big= Bretylium
Momma= MgSO4
Poppa= Pocainamide[67]
Eviseration/ Ecchymosis
Masses
AEIOU TIPS
Alcohol
Insulin
Overdose, Oxygen
Underdose, Uremia
Trauma, Temperature
Infection
Psychogenic, Poisons
Stroke, Shock[68]
Cause of symptoms
Provocation or palliation
Severity
Time
Fetal Monitoring
VEAL CHOP
Neurovascular Assessment
5 P's:
Pain
Pallor
Paresthesia
Pulse
Paralysis[71]
Trauma assessment
DCAP-BTLS
Contusions
Burns
Tenderness
Lacerations
OTIS CAMPBELL
Organophosphates
Tricyclic antidepressants
Isoniazid, Insulin
Sympathomimetics
Camphor, Cocaine
Amphetamines
Methylxanthines
Ethanol withdrawal
Lithium, Lidocaine
Lindane, Lead[72]
ABCDEFGHI:
DKA
Ears [labyrinthitis]
Glaucoma
Hyperemesis gravidarum
Aortic
Pulmonary
Tricuspid
Mitral
Visual response
Verbal response
Behavioural abnormalities
Perception abnormalities
History
SAMPLE history
Allergies
Medications
Last meal/intake
Orthopaedic Assessment
CLORIDE FPP
Radiation:
Intensity: how severe (scale 1-10), impact on ADLs (activities of daily living), is it getting
better, worse or staying the same?
Events associated: falls, morning stiffness, swelling, redness, joint clicking or locking,
muscle cramps, muscle wasting, movement limitation, weakness, numbness or tingling, fever,
chills, trauma (mechanism of injury), occupation activities, sports, repetitive movements
Frequency: intermittent vs. constant, have you ever had this pain before?
Palliative factors: is there anything that makes it better? (rest, activity, meds, heat, cold)
Provocative factors: is there anything that makes it worse? (rest, activity, etc.)[73]
SOCRATES:
Site
Onset
Character
Radiation
Exacerbating factors
Severity
9 F's:
Fat
Feces
Fluid
Flatus
Fetus
Full-sized tumors
Full bladder
Fibroids
False pregnancy
12 P's
Papilloedema
Paralysis, Paresis
Pyramidal signs
Pee (incontinent)
Patellar reflex
Ptosis
Bobbing is fast
Dipping is slow
In both, the initial movement is down.
3AM:
Myotonic pupil
ABC:
Behaviour
Vascular
Trauma/ Toxins
Autoimmune
Metabolic
Idiopathic
Neoplastic
Example usage: List causes of decreased vision: Central retinal artery occlusion,
Retinitis pigmentosa, Perforation to gobe, Chronic Gentamycin use, Ruematoid
arthritis, Diabetes, Idiopathic, Any eye tumor, Myopia.
Arthritis
Lung disease
Diabetes
Cancer
Heart disease
Alcoholism
Stroke
Inspection
Auscultation
Percussion
Palpation
MJ THREADS:
Myocardial infarction
Jaundice
Tuberculosis
Hypertension
Epilepsy
Asthma
Diabetes
Strokes
VAMP THIS:
Allergies
Medications
Trauma
Hospitalizations
Immunizations
Surgeries
SOAP:
LADDERS:
Anxiety
Depression
Consistency
Attachment
Mobility
Pulsation
Fluctuation
Irreducibility
Edge
Inspection
Palpation
Percussion
Auscultation
RETARD HEIGHT:
Rickets
Turner syndrome
Achondroplasia
Down syndrome
Hereditary
IUGR
GI (malabsorption)
sIgn: something I can detect even if patient is unconscious. sYMptom is something only
hYM knows about.
INVESTIGATIONS:
Iatrogenic
Neoplastic
Vascular
Endocrine
Structural/ Mechanical
Traumatic
Inflammatory
Genetic/ Congenital
Autoimmune
Toxic
Infective
Old age/ Degenerative
Nutritional
Spontaneous/ Idiopathic
LMNOP:
Lump
Mammary changes
Nipple changes
Other symptoms
SPIKES:
Setting up
Perception
Invitation
Knowledge
Emotions
Neurology
Chorea: common causes
Sydenhams
Vascular
SLE
Senile chorea
Drugs
APLA syndrome
DREAMS:
Reflexes decreased
Enzymes normal
Milestones delayed
Skeletal abnormalities[75]
DEMENTIA:
Drugs/Depression
Elderly
'Multi-infarct/Medication
Environmental
Nutritional
Toxins
Ischemia
Alcohol[76]
HEADS:
Hypertension/ Hyperlipidemia
Elderly
Atrial fib
Smoking/Sex (male)[77]
Horner Syndrome
Horny PAMELA:
Ptosis
Anhydrosis
Miosis
Enophtalmos
Anisocoria
Pathology
Acute ischemia: signs [especially limbs]
6 P's:
Pain
Pallor
Pulselessness
Paralysis
Paraesthesia
Perishingly cold
Anemia (normocytic): causes
ABCD:
Chronic disease
Destruction (hemolysis)
ANEMIA:
No folate or B12
Ethanol
Iron deficient
Sex: male
Diabetes mellitus
BP high: hypertension
Elevated cholesterol
Tobacco
CARCinoid:
Cutaneous flushing
Asthmatic wheezing
Cushing syndrome
CUSHING:
Central obesity/ Cervical fat pads/ Collagen fiber weakness/ Comedones (acne)
Noniatrogenic (Neoplasms)
5 F's:
Fat
Female
Cirrhosis
Carcinoma
Cardiac failure
Cholestasis
Cysts
Cellular infiltration
Morphine: effects
MORPHINES:
Miosis
Orthostatic hypotension
Respiratory depression
Pain supression
Increased ICT
Nausea
Euphoria
Sedation
FLAME:
Fatty
Liver
Anemia
Malabsorption
Edema
Pancreatitis: causes
PANCREATITIS:
Posterior
Alcohol
Neoplasm
Cholelithiasis
Rx (lasix, AZT)
ERCP
Abdominal surgery
Trauma
Infection (mumps)
Triglycerides elevated
I'diopathic
Scorpion sting
PKU findings
PKU:
Unpleasant smell
"MorPHINE:Fine. AmPHETamine:Fat":
PERICarditis:
Pulsus paradoxus
ECG changes
Rub
Increased JVP
P ositive birefringent
P olygon shaped
Gout therefore is the negative needle shaped crystals. Also, gout classically strikes great Toe,
and its hallmark is Tophi.
abcdefghij
Bruising
Dupuytren’s contracture
Foetor hepaticus
Gynaecomastia
Hepatomegaly
Jaundice[79]
Psychiatry
Conduct disorder vs. Antisocial personality disorder
AWESOME:
Affect flat
Energy, loss of
Sad feelings/ Suicide thoughts or plans or attempts/ Sexual inhibition/ Sleep change (loss or
excess)/ Social withdrawal
Memory loss
Emotional blunting
Depression
UNHAPPINESS:
Pseudodementia
Pain
Nihilistic
Endogenous
Syndromal
Erikson's developmental stages
Mr. Trust and MsTrust had an auto they were ashamed of. She took the initiative to find
the guilty party. She found the industry was inferior. They were making cars with dents
[identity] and rolling fuses [role confusion]. Mr. N.T. Macy [intimacy] isolated the problem,
General TVT absorbed the cost. In the end, they found the tires were just gritty and the
should have used de- spare!
DIG FAST:
Distractibility
Grandiosity
Flight of ideas
Activity increase
Activity increased
Naughty (disinhibition)
Insomnia
Attention (distractability)
Depression and other mood disorders (major depression, bipolar disorder, dysthymia)
Somatization disorder, eating disorders (these two disorders are combined because both
involve disorders of bodily perception)
4 A's:
Ambivalence
Affective incongruence
Associative loosening
Autism
WITHDraw IT:
Withdrawal
Tolerance
Radiology / Oncology
Anterior mediastinal masses
4 T's:
Teratoma
Thymoma
Testicular-type
Risk is 30% at age 30. Risk is 40% at age 40, and so on.
"Pamela Found Our Rotation Particularly Exciting; Very Highly Commended Mainly 'Cus
She Arouses":
Patient details
Film details
Rotation
Penetration
Expansion
Vessels
Hila
Costophrenic angles
Mediastinum
Cardiothoracic Ratio
Preliminary is ABCDEF:
AP or PA
Body position
Confirm name
Date
Exposure
Analysis is ABCDEF:
Fields (evidence of alveolar filling)/ Failure (alveolar air space disease with prominent
vascularity with or without pleural effusions)
Wegener's syndrome
Histiocytosis
Oncological
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Environmental, occupational
Sarcoid
BLAB:
Bone
Liver
Adrenals
Brain
CRITOE: Capitellum
Radial head
Internal epicondyle
Trochlea
Olecranon
External epicondyle
ABCDEF:
Achalasia
Barret's esophagus
Corrosive esophagitis
Diverticuliis
Esophageal web
Familial
B lood
Cistern
Brain
Ventricles
Bone
SPEECH:
Ectopic hormones
Eaton-Lambert syndrome
Clubbing
ABCDE:
Asymmetry
Border irregular
Colour irregular
Elevation irregular
Neck sagittal x-ray: examination checklist
ABCD:
Dark spots: ensure not abnormally big, or could mean excess blood
LOSS:
Osteopyhtes
Subcondral sclerosis
Subchondral cysts
PROGNOSIS:
Response to treatment
Stage of disease
Ill health
Spread (diffuse)
GnRH
LSH
FSH
ACTH
Prolactin function
BREASTS:
Beryllium
Radiation
Ankylosing spondylitis
Sarcoidosis
TB
Siliconiosis
Miscellaneous
The following may or may not fit properly into one of the above categories. They are being
stored in this section either temporarily or permanently. Categorize them if needed.
Asthma treatment
ASTHMA
Adrenergic agonists
Steroids
Theophylline
Hydration
Masked oxygen
Anticholinergics[80]
Croup: symptoms
3 S's:
Stridor
Subglottic swelling
Seal-bark cough
Cholinergic Crisis
Salivation
Lacrimation
Urination
Diaphoresis, Diarrhea
Gastrointestinal cramping
Emesis
Bradycardia
Bronchospasm
Bronchorrhea[81]
Spironolactone
Digitalis
Cimetidine
Alcohol
Ketoconazole[82]
Pentad of TTP
FAT RN:
Fever
Anemia
Thrombocytopenia
Renal
Neuro changes[83]
LMNOP:
Lasix
Morphine
Nitro
Oxygen