Mid-Test Intro To Functional Grammar
Mid-Test Intro To Functional Grammar
Mid-Test Intro To Functional Grammar
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RETNO DWIWULANDARI
(2215162074)
RIZKA VEZENI (2215162073)
Island in the Greater Sunda Islands group, SE of Sumatra and S of Borneo, between the Java Sea
and the Indian Ocean.
Participant Process Participant Circumstance Conjunction
Island in the And
Greater Sunda
Islands group,
SE of
Sumatra and S
of Borneo,
between the
Java Sea and
the Indian
Ocean. (place)
Java contains two-thirds of Indonesia’s population, although it is only the fifth-largest of the
islands that make up the nation.
Participant Process Participant Circumstance Conjunction
Java (token) Contains (identifying: two-thirds of Although it is Although
possessive) Indonesia’s only the fifth-
population, largest of the
(value) islands that
make up the
nation
(extension)
It (carrier) Is (attribute) Only the fifth-
largest of the That make up
islands the nation
(attributiv) (matter)
The population includes Javanese, Sudanese, Madurese, Chinese, and Arabs; people from India
were the first colonizers.
Participant Process Participant Circumstance Conjunction
The population Includes Javanese, People from
(token) (identifying:possessive) Sudanese, India were the
Madurese, first colonizers
Chinese, and (matter)
Arabs; (value)
The Sailendra dynasty, possibly of Indian origin, established a unified kingdom between a.d.
760 and 860, building upon earlier states, such as Sriwijaya.
Participant Process Participant Circumstance Conjunction
The Sailendra Established (material) a unified possibly of
dynasty, (actor) kingdom (goal) Indian origin,
(matter)
Between a.d
760 and 860
(time)
building upon
earlier states,
such as
Sriwijaya
(matter)
From the 10th to the 15th centuries Java was the focus of a Hindu-Javanese culture.
Participant Process Participant Circumstance Conjunction
Java (token) Was (identifying) The focus of a From the 10 th
The state of Majapahit, formed in 1293 from those origins, spread its rule over much of
Indonesia and other areas of the Malay archipelago.
Participant Process Participant Circumstance Conjunction
The state of Spread (material) its rule (goal) formed in 1293
Majapahit from those
(actor) origins, (time)
Over much of
Indonesia and
other areas of
the Malay
archipelago
(place)
Meanwhile, the Islamic religion had been introduced in the 13th century.
Mataram arose as a Muslim sultanate in the 16th century and at its height in the 17th century
controlled most of Java.
Participant Process Participant Circumstance Conjunction
Mataram Arose (material) As a Muslim
(actor) sultanate (role)
in the 16th
century (time)
The first Europeans to arrive were the Portuguese, followed by the Dutch in 1596.
Participant Process Participant Circumstance Conjunction
The first Were (identifying: the Portuguese followed by the
Europeans to Intensive) (Value) Dutch in 1596.
arrive (Token) (means & time)
The latter founded Batavia (Jakarta) in 1619 and gradually took overall of the island, although
they were replaced temporarily by the British from 1811 to 1816.
Participant Process Participant Circumstance Conjunction
The latter Founded (material) Batavia In 1619 (time) And
(actor) (Jakarta) (goal)
took overall (material) of the island, Gradually
(goal) (manner:
quality)
Were replaced They (goal)
By the British (material) Although they
(actor) were replaced
temporarily by
the British from
1811 to 1816.
(matter)
Temporarily
(quality)
From 1811 to
1816 (time)
After the Dutch returned, their harsh treatment of the Javanese caused a revolt in 1825 that
lasted until 1830.
Participant Process Participant Circumstance Conjunction
their harsh Caused (material) A revolt (goal) After the Dutch
treatment of returned,
the Javanese (time)
(actor)
In 1825 that
lasted until
1830 (time)
The Dutch tried to restore their rule after the war ended but had to fight Indonesian forces
intent on winning independence, which they did by 1949.
Participant Process Participant Circumstance Conjunction
The Dutch Tried to restore Their rule after the war
(actor) (material) (goal) ended (time)
By 1949 (time)
Conclusion :
This descriptive text is dominated with process of doing (material), its participants are
dominated with actor and goal as well as its circumstances are dominated with circumstance of
time.