BATTENED COLUMN

Design a 8m long built-in battened column to carry a factored axial

load of 1250KN.The column is restrained in position but not in
direction at each end .The column shall consist of two channels
placed back to back at a suitable spacing. Connections are to made
with 20mm diameter bolts.
Solution:
Factored axial load P = 1250KN
Assuming a design compressive stress of 150 N/mm2
Approximate sectional required
= 1250x103 /150
= 8333.3 mm2 `

Referring from steel table & selected two channels

ISMC 300@ 351.2 N/ m

Properties of one channel ISMC 300

Area = 4564 mm2 rz=118.1mm, ry=26.1mm, Cyy=23.6mm Iz=
6362.6x104 mm4 , Iy=310.8x104 mm4
Area of composite section = A = 2 x 4564 = 9128 mm2
Based on rz effective slenderness ratio of the battened column.
= 1.1 KL = 1.1 x 1x8000 = 74.51
rz 118.1
For buckling class c design compressive stress corresponding to the
above slenderness ratio
fcd= 1448.78 N/ mm2
Design compressive strength of the column = Pd = fcd A
= 144.78 x 9128
= 1321.55 kN > 1250kN
Let S = Distance between the backs of channels.
For the condition, rz = ry ; Iz = Iy for the double channel section.

4
2 [310.8 x 10 + 4564 ( ) ] = 2 x 6362.6 x 104

4
310.8 x 10 + 4564 ( ) = 6362.6 x 104

4564 ( ) = 6051.8 x 104

= 115.5

S = 183.1mm ~ S=185mm

Let the distance between the backs of the channels be S = 185mm

So that , rz and ry are nearly equal and , rz < ry

Design of Battens

Let C= Distance between centres of patterns.

C / ry of one channel should be less than 0.7 times the slenderness ratio of the
column as a whole
Therefore C should be less than 52.16 x 26.1 = 1305 mm

Since the column is 8000 mm long, let C = 1000mm

Size of end Battens

Providing 20 mm diameter bolts, minimum edge distance = 1.5 x 22 =33 mm

say 35mm.

Effective depth of the plate

= Not less than the distance between the centroids of the main members.

= Not less than 185 + 2(23.6) = 232.2 mm

Total depth of the plate = 232.2 + 2(35) =302.2 mm

Let the total depth of the plate be 310 mm

Total width of the plate = 185 + 2 (90) = 365 mm

Thickness of the batten = 1/ 50 [Distance between centres of bolts of channels]

= 1/50 [185 + (2x50) ]= 5.7mm, say 6mm

Provide 365mm x 310mm x 6mm plates.

Size of Intermediate battens

Depth of plate = ¾ (232.2) +2 (35) = 244.15 mm say 260 mm

Transverse shear to be resisted = Vt = 2.5% of the axial load

3
= 2.5 / 100 x 1250 x10 = 31250 N

Longitudinal shear for one batten at each connection.

= 54825N

Moment

= 7812500 N/mm
Stresses for end battens

Stresses for Intermediate battens

Connections

Design shearing strength of 20mm diameter = 45274 N

Design bearing strength of bolt = 96000 N

Design strength of the bolt = 45274 N

These bolts have to resist not only longitudinal (Vertical) shear but also
horizontal shear due to moment.

Let us provide 3 bolts for each flange for each channel

Pitch of bolts = ½ [ 310 – 2x35] = 120mm

Vertical shear per bolt = 54825 / 3 = 18275 N

Horizontal shear maximum

2 2 2 2
∑r = 2 [120 + 120 ] = 28800 mm
 2
Resultant shear force = √182752 + 32552 = 37331 < 45274 N

COLUMN BASE

SLAB BASE
A steel column ISHB 400@ 759.3 N/m is subjected to a factored axial load of
2000kN.Design a slab base plate for the column. Assume that the bearing
surfaces of the column and base plate are machined.The concrete footing is of
M20 concrete.

Solution:

Design bearing strength of concrete= 0.45fck = 0.45 x 20 = 9 N/mm2

3
Area of base plate required = 2000 x 10 / 9 = 222222.2 mm2

Overall depth of ISHB 400 , h = 400 mm Flange width bf = 250mm

The plan dimensions of the base plate will be selected so that the projection of
the base plate beyond the overall dimensions of the column are nearly equal.

Suppose the base plate is L x B = 222222.2 mm2

Try L =500mm , B = 222222.2 / 500 = 444.4 say 445 mm

The projections area a=500 – 400 / 2 = 50mm & b=445-250 / 2 = 97.5 mm

Again try L =560mm , B = 222222.2 / 560 = 396.8 say 400 mm

The projections area a = 560 – 400 / 2 = 80mm & b=400-250 / 2 = 75mm

These projections are nearly equal

We will provide 560mm x 400 mm base plate

Bearing stress on the plate = w = 2000x103 / 560 x 400 =8.928 N/mm2

Thickness of the base plate.

ts = 21.5 say 22 mm

The base plate will be 560mm x 400mm x 22mm

60mmx60mmx8mm angles are used to connect the base plate and the flanges of
the column.

GUSSETED BASE

A ISHB 350@ 710.2 N/m is column carries factored axial load of 2000kN.
Design a gusseted base plate with the bolted connection. The design the bearing
strength of the concrete pedestal is 9 N/mm2 .
Solution:

Factored load on the column = 2000KN

3
Area of base plate required = 2000 x 10 / 9 = 222222.2 mm2

Let us provide 16mm gusset plate & 150x115x15 gusset angles

Width of base plate required to accommodate these components

= 350 +2(16) +2(115) = 612 mm say 620mm

Length of base plate will be = 222222.2 / 620 = 358.4 say 360mm

The base plate will be 620mm x 360mm

Bearing pressure on the base plate = w = 2000x103 / 620 x 360 =8.96 N/mm2

Cantilevering length = (115 – 15) +4 =100+4 = 104 mm

Cantilever moment for a 1mm wide strip

M1 = 8.96 x (1042 / 2) = 48455.7 Nmm

t = 32.7 mm

Thickness base plate =32.7 – 15 = 17.7 say 18mm

Maximum span moment for 1mm wide strip = M2

= 19999 N/m
 t = 21 say 25mm

From the above two consideration, thickness required = 25mm

Hence the base plate will be 620mm x 360mm x 25mm

Connections

The bolt connections will be designed on the assumption that 50 percent of the
column load will be transmitted to the base plate by direct bearing and the
balance through the gusset plate.

Load transmitted to each gusset plate = ½ [P / 2] = P/4

= 2000 / 4 = 500 kN

Provide 22 mm diameter bolts

Design shearing strength of bolt ( in single shear)

Number of bolts required on gusset plate = 500 / 54.78 = say 10 bolts

The 10 bolts are arranged in 2 vertical rows with 5 bolts in each row.Provide
also nominal additional bolts connecting the gusset plate and the gusset angles.

TENSION MEMBER
Design a single angle section for a tension member of a roof truss to carry a
factored tensile force of 225kN.The member is subjected to the possible reversal
of stress due to the action of wind. The length of the member is 3m.Use 20mm
shop bolts of grade 4.6 for the consideration.

Solution :
From the consideration of yield strength, gross area required (Angle section) Ag

2
Ag = 900 mm
2
Try ISA 100 mm x 75mm x 8mm which has gross area Ag = 1336 mm

Bolt diameter, d = 20 mm , do = 22 mm

Use gusset plate of thickness 10mm.

Strength of one bolt in single shear

Adopting edge distance ( e ) = 40 mm ; Pitch (p) = 60mm

Kb is smaller of

(i) 40 / (3x22) =0.606

(ii) 60 / (3x22) = 0.909
(iii) 400 / 410 = 0.975
(iv) 1.0
Kb = 0.606

Vdpb = 1/1.25 [2.5x 0.606 x 20 x 8 x 400] = 77568 N

Bolt Value = 45272 N

Number of bolts required = (225 x 1000) / 45272

 = 5 bolts .

Checking the design

(a) Strength against yielding

(b) Strength of plate in rupture :

2
Area of the connected leg Anc = [ 100 – 22 – (8/2) ] x8 = 592 mm
2
Area of the outstanding leg Ago = [ 75– (8/2) ] x8 = 568 mm

β== 1.094

= 316006 N =316.006kN > 225.00 kN

(c) Strength against block shear failure

2
Avg = (40 + 60 x 4) 8 = 2240 mm
 2
Avn = (40+ 60 x 4 - 4.5x22) 8 = 1448 mm
2
Atg = (100 - 40 ) 8 = 480 mm
2
Atn = (100 – (40+0.5x22 ) 8 = 392 mm

Strength against block shear failure is smaller of

√
= 409642N

Or

√
= 355879

Therefore Tdb = 353829 > 225000 N

Hence the design is safe

Check for maximum l /r r = 12.7 mm (from steel table)

3000/ 12.7 = 236 <350.

Hence OK

A ISHB 350@ 710.2 N/m is column carries factored axial load of 2000kN.
Design a gusseted base plate with the bolted connection. The design the bearing
strength of the concrete pedestal is 9 N/mm2 .

Solution:
Factored load on the column = 2500KN
3
Area of base plate required = 2500 x 10 / 9 = 277777.77 mm2

Let us provide 16mm gusset plate & 200x150x12 gusset angles

Width of base plate required to accommodate these components

= 350 +2(16) +2(150) = 682 mm say 685mm

Length of base plate will be = 277777.7 / 685 = 405.5 say 410mm

The base plate will be 685mm x 410mm

Bearing pressure on the base plate = w = 2500x103 / 685 x 410 =8.96 N/mm2

Cantilevering length = (150 – 12) +4 =138+4 = 142mm

Cantilever moment for a 1mm wide strip

M1 = 8.96 x (1422 / 2) = 90334.7 Nmm

t = 44.58 mm

Thickness base plate =32.7 – 12 = 32.58 say 33mm

Maximum span moment for 1mm wide strip = M2

= 27374 N/m

t = 24.5say 25mm
From the above two consideration, thickness required = 25mm

Hence the base plate will be 685mm x 410mm x 25mm

Connections

The bolt connections will be designed on the assumption that 50 percent of the
column load will be transmitted to the base plate by direct bearing and the
balance through the gusset plate.

Load transmitted to each gusset plate = ½ [P / 2] = P/4

= 2500 / 4 = 625 kN

Provide 22 mm diameter bolts

Design shearing strength of bolt ( in single shear)

Number of bolts required on gusset plate = 500 / 54.78 = say 12 bolts

The 10 bolts are arranged in 2 vertical rows with 5 bolts in each row.Provide
also nominal additional bolts connecting the gusset plate and the gusset angles.