Best Way To Learn Spanish PDF

Best way to Learn Spanish
Learn to write and speak Spanish from scratch
Compiled By
Ashley Brown
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Table of contents
Preface 4
Introduction 5
PRONUNCIATION 6
Basic Rules of Accentuation 6
Syllable division involving two vowels 6
Vowels 7
Diphthongs 7
Semiconsonants 7
Consonants 7
One letter, one sound 9
Local pronunciation differences 9
Word stress 9
Rules for pronouncing the implicit accent 10
The diaeresis ( ¨ ) 11
Chapter 1 11
1 What is your name? 11
Chapter 2 16
Spanish Alphabet 16
16
Notes about Ñ and RR 16
Notes about CH and LL 16
Notes about K and W 17
How do you spell that? 17
Chapter 3 22
The numbers 22
Chapter 4 33
Articles 33
Chapter 5 43
Habitations 47
City and Countryside 48
Countries of the World 52
Chapter 6 56
Stem-changing Verbs 59
Compound Sentences 61
Gustar 62
Love and Hate 63
Chapter 7 69
Chapter 8 82
Reflexive verbs 87
Reflexive verbs 91
Chapter 9 93
The Simple Future tense 94
Chapter 10 99
Accommodation 99
Reception desk at a hotel. 99
The Simple Future tense 105
The Future Tense 116
Preface
This book aims to teach the Spanish language from scratch. It will cover all of the major
grammar rules, moving slowly and offering exercises and plenty of examples. It's not all
grammar though, as it offers vocabulary and phrases too, appealing to all learners. By the
end, you should be able to read and write Spanish skillfully, though you'll need a human to
help with listening and speaking.
The purpose of this book is to teach you the Spanish language in an easy and accessible
way. By the end, as mentioned, you should be a proficient reader and writer,
The book runs chronologically from lesson 1 to lesson 2 to lesson 3 and so on until the end.
Once concepts are introduced, they are repeated, building a base of vocabulary and
grammar that will stay in your mind.
How the Chapters are arranged
This book is written in British English, and the Spanish taught is generally "Spanish"
Spanish, though key regional differences are explained as we go along. The formatting is
consistent throughout, with Spanish in italics and all tables using the same formatting. Each
lesson begins with a conversation, including the key grammar and vocabulary in the lesson.
At the end, there is a summary, explaining what has been achieved. Exercises are linked
throughout, and each new concept or set of vocabulary is accompanied by examples, each
with a translation underneath.
Introduction
You are about to embark on a course learning a second language, the Spanish Language!
The first lesson begins with simple greetings, and covers important ideas of the Spanish
Language. Throughout education, methods of teaching Spanish have changed greatly.
Years ago, the Spanish Language was taught simply by memory. Today, however, the
Spanish Language is taught by moving slower and covering grammar and spelling rules.
Again, this is an introduction. If this is the first time you are attempting to learn Spanish, do
not become discouraged if you cannot understand, pronounce, or memorize some of the
things discussed here.
In addition, learning a second language requires a basic understanding of your own
language. You may find, as you study Spanish that you learn a lot about English as well. At
their core, all languages share some simple components like verbs, nouns, adjectives, and
plurals. Your first language comes naturally to you and you don't think about things like
subject-verb agreement, verb conjugation, or usage of the various tenses; yet, you use
these concepts on a daily basis.
While English is described as a very complicated language to learn, many of the
distinguishing grammar structures have been simplified over the years. This is not true for
many other languages. Following the grammatical conventions of Spanish will be very
important, and can actually change the meaning of phrases. You'll see what is meant by this
as you learn your first verbs ser and estar.
Do not become discouraged! You can do it.
PRONUNCIATION
Pronouncing Spanish based on the written word is much simpler than pronouncing English
based on written English. This is because, with few exceptions, each letter in the Spanish
alphabet represents a single sound, and even when there are several possible sounds,
simple rules tell us which is the correct one. In contrast, many letters and letter
combinations in English represent multiple sounds (such as the ou and gh in words like
cough, rough, through, though, etc.).P
Letter-sound correspondences in Spanish
The table below presents letter-sound correspondences in the order of the traditional
Spanish alphabet. (Refer to the article writing system of Spanish in Wikipedia for details on
the Spanish alphabet and alphabetization.)
Letter-sound correspondences in Spanish
The table below presents letter-sound correspondences in the order of the traditional
Spanish alphabet. (Refer to the article Writing system of Spanish in Wikipedia for details on
the Spanish alphabet and alphabetization.)
Basic Rules of Accentuation
1. Words ending in a vowel, or n or s, the next to last syllable is stressed.
2. For words ending in a consonant other than n or s stress falls on the last syllable.
3. If the word has an accent mark, then that syllable is stressed, ignoring the rules above.
Syllable division involving two vowels

The vowels a, e, and o are "strong" vowels, and i and u are "weak". Where two vowels fall
together, the following rules affect syllable division and accentuation:
1. A weak + strong combination belongs to one syllable with the stress falling on the strong
vowel. aceite, cierra, causa.
2. A weak + weak combination belongs to one syllable with the stress falling on the second
vowel. viuda, fuimos, diluir
3. A strong + strong combination is divided into two syllables. bom-be- ar, po-le-a, em-ple-
o
4. If the word has an accent mark, then that syllable is stressed. flúido, día, encías
Vowels
a -- like the a in father
e -- for a syllable ending in a vowel, like the e in they; for a syllable ending in a consonant,
like the e in get
i -- like the i in machine
o -- for a syllable ending in a vowel, like the o in vote; for a syllable ending in a consonant,
like the o in pot
u -- like the u in rule; silent after q and in the groups gue and gui
y -- When used as a vowel, such as in the words y and voy, it is pronounced like the
Spanish i.
Diphthongs
ai, ay -- like the i in side
au -- like the ou in found
ei, ey -- like the ey in they
eu -- like the vowel sounds in may-you
oi, oy -- like the oy in boy
Semiconsonants
i, y -- like the y in yes. Examples: bien, hielo
u -- like with w in well. Examples: huevo, fuente, agua
Consonants
b, v -- When found at the beginning of a word or following a consonant, these are
pronounced like a b. Otherwise, they have a sound which falls somewhere inbetween the
English b and v sounds.
c -- before a consonant or a, o, or u, like the c in cat; before e or i like an s
ch -- like the ch in church. Historically, the Spanish ch has been treated as a separate letter
although this has recently been changed. Therefore, many dictionaries list words beginning
with ch after the c's and before the d's.
d -- like the English d except between vowels and following l or n where pronounced like the
th in this
f -- like the f in for
g -- before e or i, like the Spanish j; otherwise like the g in get
h -- silent
j -- like an h but stronger; silent when at the end of a word
k -- like a k
l -- like an l
ll -- like the y in you
m -- like an m
n -- like an n; except where it appears before a v, like an m
ñ -- like the n in onion
p -- like a p
q -- like a k; always followed by a silent u
r -- pronounced with a strong trill at the beginning of a word and following an l, n, or s; very
little trill when at the end of a word; and medium trill in other positions
rr -- strongly trilled
s -- before consonants b, d, g, l, m, n, like a z; otherwise like an s
t -- like a t
v -- see b, v
w -- usually like a v
x -- when between vowels, like the x in box; before a consonant, like an s
y -- like the y in yes
z -- like an s
One letter, one sound
Pronouncing Spanish based on the written word is much simpler than pronouncing English
based on written English. Each vowel represents only one sound. With some exceptions
(such as w and x), each consonant also represents one sound. Many consonants sound
very similar to their English counterparts.
As the table indicates, the pronunciation of some consonants (such as b) does vary with the
position of the consonant in the word, whether it is between vowels or not, etc. This is
entirely predictable, so it doesn't really represent a breaking of the "one letter, one sound"
rule.
The University of Iowa has a very visual and detailed explanation of the Spanish
pronunciation.
Local pronunciation differences
Just as in the English-speaking world, people in different Spanish-speaking countries and
areas speak with different accents. The main difference is that in the Americas two sounds
were lost in comparison to Spain: z sounds like s, and ll sounds like y. Even in Spain most
people pronounce ll and y the same way nowadays. In Bolivia and Peru, z is lost but ll is
kept. In Argentina and Uruguay ch and ll have a characteristic hard sound. In Mexico,
vowels are reduced to schwa (like in English about, celestial, gorilla). In Puerto Rico and
Cuba they confuse r and l. In many countries j is not hard but it's like an English h (as in
hot). A Chilean is heard as saying mujier instead of mujer. Also, in most parts of Spain,
speakers pronounce z's and soft c's as th's. For example, cinco (in Americas pronounced
like sinko), would be pronounced as "thinko".
In spite of these differences, two Spanish speakers from different places will always
understand each other, provided they speak the cultivated versions of their respective cities.
If fast colloquial speech is used, comprehension may be impaired.
Word stress
In Spanish there are two levels of stress when pronouncing a syllable: stressed and
unstressed. To illustrate: in the English word "thinking", "think" is pronounced with stronger
stress than "ing". If both syllables are pronounced with the same stress, it sounds like "thin
king".
With one category of exceptions (-mente adverbs), all Spanish words have one stressed
syllable. If a word has an accent mark (´; explicit accent), the syllable with the accent mark
is stressed and the other syllables are unstressed. If a word has no accent mark (implicit
accent), the stressed syllable is predictable by rule (see below). If you don't put the stress
on the correct syllable, the other person may have trouble understanding you. For example:
esta, which has an implicit accent in the letter e , means "this (feminine)"; and está, which
has an explicit accent in the letter a, means "is." Inglés means "English," but ingles means
"groins."
Adverbs ending in -mente are stressed in two places: on the syllable where the accent falls
in the adjectival root and on the men of -mente. For example: estúpido → estúpidamente.
The vowel of an unstressed syllable should be pronounced with its true value, as shown in
the table above. Don't reduce unstressed vowels to neutral schwa sounds, as occurs in
English.
Rules for pronouncing the implicit accent
There are only two (or one) rules for pronouncing the implicit accent, The stressed syllable
is in bold letters:
If a word has no accent mark and ends with a vowel or with n or s , the next-to-last
syllable is stressed.
Examples:
• cara (ca-ra) (face)
• mano (ma-no) (hand)
• amarillo (a-ma-ri-llo) (yellow)
• hablan (ha-blan) (they speak)
• martes (mar-tes) (Tuesday)
If a word has no accent mark and ends with a consonant other than n or s, the last
syllable is stressed.
Examples:
• farol (fa-rol) (street lamp)
• azul (a-zul) (blue)
• español (es-pa-ñol) (Spanish)
• salvador (sal-va-dor) (savior).
The diaeresis ( ¨ )
In the clusters gue and gui, the u is not pronounced; it serves simply to give the g a hard-g
sound, like in the English word gut (gue → [ge]; gui → [gi]).
However, if the u has a the diaeresis mark (¨), it is pronounced like an English w (güe →
[gwe]; güi → [gwi]). This mark is rather rare.
Examples:
• pingüino = penguin
• agüéis (2nd person plural, present subjunctive of the verb aguar). Here, the diaeresis
preserves the u (or [w]) sound in all the verb tenses of aguar.
Chapter 1
1 What is your name?
1¿CÓMO TE LLAMAS?
Dialogue
Raúl: ¡Hola! Me llamo Raúl. ¿Cómo te llamas?
Sofía: Hola, Raúl. Me llamo Sofía. ¿Cómo se escribe Raúl?
Raúl: Se escribe R-A-Ú-L. ¿Qué tal?
Sofía: Bien. ¿Y tú?
Raúl: Fenomenal, gracias.
Sofía: ¡Qué fantástico! Adiós, Raúl.
Raúl: ¡Hasta luego!
Hello!
Spanish Vocabulary
English (Spanish in italic)
Hello
Hola (listen)
Good morning!
Good day!
¡Buenos días! (listen)
Good evening!
¡Buenas tardes! (listen)
Good night!
¡Buenas noches! (listen)
See you later!
¡Hasta luego! (listen)
Goodbye
Adiós (listen)
Notes
• Hasta means "until"; luego means "then". In the same vein, hasta mañana means "see you
tomorrow".
• Note the upside-down exclamation and question marks; you will learn more about them in
lesson three.
Examples
•¡Buenos días, clase!
Good morning, class!
• Hola, ¿Qué tal hoy?
Hello, how are you today?
• Adiós, ¡hasta luego!
Bye, see you soon!
What's your name?

To ask someone else's name in Spanish, use Cómo, then one of the phrases in the table
below (¿Cómo te llamas? is "What's your name?").
In Spanish, to say your name, you use the reflexive verb llamarse, which means literally to
call oneself (Me llamo Robert is "My name is Robert").
Example
I am called
Me llamo
You (familiar, singular) are called
Te llamas
He/She/You (formal, singular) is/are called
Se llama
We are called
Nos llamamos
You (familiar, plural) are called
Os llamáis
They/You (formal, plural) are called
Se llaman
Notes
• "Os llamáis" would only be used in Spain. In all other Spanish-speaking countries,
"Se llaman" is used in both familiar and formal situations.
Examples
• Me llamo Chris
My name is Chris
• Se llaman Peter y Robert
They're called Peter and Robert.
• ¿Cómo te llamas?
What's your name?
• ¿Cómo se llama?
What's his/her name?
English
How are you?
¿Qué tal? (listen)
¿Cómo estás?
Great!
Fantástico
Fantástica
Very well
Muy bien
Well
Bien
Bad
Mal
Really bad
Fatal
And you?
¿Y tú?
Thank you
Gracias (listen)
Note
For some of the words above, there are two options. The one ending in "o" is for
males, and the one ending in "a" is for females. It's all to do with agreement, which is
covered in future chapters.
Examples
• Roberto: Hola, Rosa. ¿Qué tal?
Hello, Rose. How are you?
• Rosa: Muy bien, gracias. ¿Y tú, Roberto?
Very well, thanks. And you, Robert?
• Roberto: Bien también. ¡Hasta luego!
I'm good too. See you later!
Chapter 2
Spanish Alphabet
Notes about Ñ and RR
N and Ñ are considered two different letters, as are RR and R (though no words begin with
RR). They are alphabetized as separate letters, so Ñ always comes after N, regardless of
where it appears in the word. Ex: muñeca comes after municipal, and carro comes after
carta.
Notes about CH and LL
CH and LL used to be considered as distinct letters of the alphabet, but in 1994, the Real
Academia Española (Spanish Royal Academy) declared that CH and LL were not letters
but digraphs. Accordingly, words beginning with CH and LL are now alphabetized under C
and L, respectively.
Notes about K and W
K and W are part of the alphabet but are mostly seen in foreign derived words and names,
such as karate and whiskey. For instance, kilo is commonly used to refer to a kilogram.
Although the above will help you understand, proper pronunciation of Spanish consonants is
a bit more complicated:
Most of the consonants are pronounced as they are in American English with these
exceptions:
• b like the English b at the start of a word and after m or n
• c before a, o, u and other consonants, like English k
• c before i and e like English th in “think” (in Latin America is like English s)
• ch like ch in “cheese”
• d between vowels (even if it starts a word following a word ending in a vowel) or at the
end of a word, like English d in dental
• g before e or i like the Scottish pronunciation of ch in “loch”, except that it is voiced
• g before a or o like g in “get”
• h is always silent (except in the digraph ch)
• j like the h in hotel
• ll is pronounced like English y in “yes”
• ñ like nio in “onion” (or gn in French cognac)
• q like the English k
• r slightly trilled; like a soft d except at the beginning of a word or after l, n or s where it is
trilled
• rr should be trilled longer than a single r
• v is pronounced like b, there is no distinction whatsoever between B and V.
• z like the English th (in Latin America, like English s)
How do you spell that?
How is it spelt?
¿Cómo se escribe?
It is spelt
Se escribe
B as in Barcelona
B de Barcelona
Examples
• Roberto: Buenos días. Me llamo Roberto. ¿Cómo te llamas?
Good day. My name is Robert. What's your name?
• Benjamín: Hola. Me llamo Benjamín. ¿Cómo se escribe Roberto?
Hello. I'm Benjamin. How do you spell Robert?
• Roberto: Se escribe R (de Rioja); O (de Orangutan); B (de Barcelona); E (de España); R
(de Rioja); T (de Tigre); O (de Orangutan).
It's spelt R (as in Rioja); O (as in Orangutan); B (as in Barcelona); E (as in Spain); R (as in
Rioja); T (as in Tiger); O (as in Orangutan).
• Benjamín: Muchas gracias. ¡Adiós, Roberto!
Many thanks. Goodbye, Robert.
Summary
In this lesson, you have learned
• How to greet people (Hola; buenos días; adiós).
• How to introduce yourself (Me llamo Rosa).
• How to introduce others (Se llama Roberto).
• How to say how you are (Fenomenal; fatal; bien).
• How to spell your name (Se escribe P-E-T-E-R).
• How to ask others about any of the above (¿Cómo te llamas?; ¿Cómo estás?; ¿Cómo se
escribe?).
You should now do the exercise related to each section (found below), and translate the
dialogue at the top before moving on to lesson 2.
Exercises
The answers can be found below. Also, try translating the dialogue at the top of the lesson
page.
Hello!
What greeting would you use...
1. At 8:00pm?
2. At 10:00am?
3. At 3:00pm?
4. When you're going to bed?
What's your name?
Translate the following phrases.
1. Me llamo Sofía.
2. ¿Cómo os llamáis?
3. Nos llamamos Peter y Carlos.
4. ¿Cómo se llaman?
1. Her name is Sally.
2. What are you called?
3. His name is Raúl.
4. My name is Santiago.
How are you?
Rank the following words from one to five (one being the best, five being the worst).
• Bien
• Fantástico
• Fatal
• Mal
• Muy bien
Put the following letters in Spanish alphabetical order. Pronounce them as you do so.
• RR
•Q
•N
•S
•R
•Ñ
•A
•D
Exercise answers
Dialogue
Raúl: Hello! I'm Raúl. What's your name?
Sofía: Hi Raúl, I'm Sofía. How do you spell Raúl?
Raúl: It's spelt R-A-Ú-L. How are you?
Sofía: Well. And yourself?
Raúl: Doing great, thanks.
Sofía: How fantastic! Goodbye!
Raúl: See you later.
Hello!
1. Buenas tardes
2. Buenas mañanas
3. Buenos días
4. Buenas noches
What's your name?
1. My name is Sophie.
2. What are your names?
3. We are Peter and Carl.
4. What are they called?
1. Se llama Sally.
2. ¿Cómo te llamas?
3. Se llama Raúl.
4. Me llamo Santiago (James in English).
How are you?
1. Fantástico
2. Muy bien
3. Bien
4. Mala
5. Fatal
1. A
2. D
3. N
4. Ñ
5. Q
6. R
7. RR
8. S
Chapter 3
Dialogue
Raúl: ¡Hola, Sofía! Me llamo Raúl. ¿Qué fecha es hoy?
Sofía: Hola, Raúl. Hoy es el diecisiete de octubre.
Raúl: Muchas gracias. Mi cumpleaños es el viernes.
Sofía: ¡Feliz cumpleaños!
Raúl: Gracias. ¿Cuántos años tienes?
Sofía: Tengo veinte años.
Raúl: Vale. Adiós, Sofía.
Sofía: ¡Hasta luego!
The numbers
1. Uno
2. Dos
3. Tres
4. Cuatro
5. Cinco
6. Seis
7. Siete
8. Ocho
9. Nueve
10. Diez
11. Once
12. Doce
13. Trece
14. Catorce
15. Quince
16. Dieciséis
17. Diecisiete
18. Dieciocho
19. Diecinueve
20. Veinte
21. Veintiuno
22. Veintidos
23. Veintitrés
24. Veinticuatro
25. Veinticinco
26. Veintiséis
27. Veintisiete
28. Veintiocho
29. Veintinueve
30. Treinta
40. Cuarenta
50. Cincuenta
60. Sesenta
70. Setenta
80. Ochenta
90. Noventa
100. Cien
Notes
To form the numbers from thirty to one hundred, you take the multiple of ten below it, then y,
then its units value ("54" = cincuenta y cuatro; "72" = setenta y dos).
When using "uno", masculine form often uses "un" instead, if the noun that
the word "uno" is referencing to is in the sentence.
Examples
• Tengo diecisiete gatos
I have 17 cats.
• Hay treinta y cinco aulas
There are 35 classrooms.
• Tengo noventa y seis primos.
I have 96 cousins.
• Hay veintidos alumnos en esta clase.
There are 22 students in this class.
• ¿Cuántos hermanos tienes?
How many brothers/sisters do you have? (when asking , the masculine form is used as
neutral, if gender is unknown)
• Uno/una. (Short answer, note that gender is applied as gender is now known)
One.
• Tengo un hermano. / Tengo una hermana (note the use of "un" instead of "uno" for
masculine form)
I have a brother. / I have a sister
• ¡Quiero un caramelo!
I want a candy!
• ¡Quiero uno!
I want one!
How old are you?
To ask someone else's age in Spanish, use Cuántos años, then one of the entries in the
table below (¿Cuántos años tienes? means "How old are you?")
To say someone's age in Spanish, you use the irregular verb tener (which means "to have"),
then your age, then años (which means "years"). For example, Tengo trece años means "I
have 13 years" or "I am 13 years old".
Spanish Verb
I have
Tengo
You (familiar, singular) have
Tienes
He/She/You (formal, singular)/It has
Tiene
We have
Tenemos
You (familar, plural) have
Tenéis
They/You (formal, plural) have
Tienen
Note
•"Tenéis" would only be used in Spain. In all other countries one would use "Tienen" in both
familiar and formal situations.
Examples
• Tengo veinte años
I am 20 years old.
• ¿Cuántos años tienes?
How old are you?
• Tiene ochenta y siete años.
He is 87 years old.
• ¿Cuántos años tienen?
How old are they?
What's the date today?
To ask for the date in Spanish, you use ¿Qué fecha es hoy? (meaning "What's the date
today?"). In reply, you would say Hoy es [day of the week], [date] de [month of the year]
(For example, Hoy es martes, el veinticinco de mayo is "Today is Tuesday, the 25th of
May").
Spanish Vocabulary
The months of the year
January
enero
February
febrero
March
marzo
April
abril
May
mayo
June
junio
July
julio
August
agosto
September
septiembre
October
octubre
November
noviembre
December
diciembre
Spanish Vocabulary
The days of the week
Monday
lunes
Tuesday
martes
Wednesday
miércoles
Thursday
jueves
Friday
viernes
Saturday
sábado
Sunday
domingo
Notes
• Neither days of the week nor months of the year are capitalised, unless at the beginning
of sentences.
• On the first of the month, the Spanish say primero (Hoy es domingo, primero de enero).
Examples
• ¿Qué fecha es hoy?
• Hoy es miércoles, veintinueve de septiembre.
Today is Wednesday, the 29th of September
• Hoy es jueves, quince de agosto.
Today is Thursday, the 15th of August.
• Hoy es sábado, dos de enero.
Today is Saturday, the 2nd of January.
When's your birthday?
Spanish Vocabulary
The days of the week
¿Cuándo es tu cumpleaños?
My birthday is
Mi cumpleaños es
On the first of May
El primero de mayo
On Wednesday
El miércoles
Happy birthday!
¡Feliz cumpleaños!
Examples
• Mi cumpleaños es el once de julio.
My birthday is on the 11th of July.
• Mi cumpleaños es el ocho de diciembre.
My birthday is on the 8th of December.
• ¿Cuándo es tu cumpleaños?
When is your birthday?
• Mi cumpleaños es el sábado.
My birthday is on Saturday
Summary
In this lesson, you have learned:
• The numbers from one to one hundred (uno; veintiocho; noventa; cien)
• The days of the week (lunes; miércoles; viernes)
• The months of the year (enero; abril; octubre; diciembre)
• How to say your age (Tengo cuarenta años)
• How to ask the age of others (¿Cuántos años tienes?)
• How to say today's date (Hoy es jueves, el veintinueve de noviembre)
• How to say your birthday (Mi cumpleaños es el primero de agosto; mi cumpleaños es el
martes)
• How to ask the birthday of others (¿Cuándo es tu cumpleaños?)
You should now do the exercise related to each section (found below), and translate the
dialogue at the top before moving on to lesson 3.
Exercises
The answers can be found below.
The numbers
Write the following numbers using Spanish words.
1. 52. 273. 69
4. 485. 846. 1
7. 778. 539. 38
10. 100
How old are you?
Translate the following phrases.
1.Tienen seis años y diez años.
2.Tiene
3.¿Cuántos años tienes?
4.Tengo
5.Tengo cuarenta y siete años.
6.Tenemos
7.¿Cuántos años tienen?
8.¿Tiene trece años?
1.You (familiar, singular) have

2. Are you (familiar, plural) 12?
3. They have
4. How old is she?
5. Years
6. I'm 65 years old.
7. I have
8. He is 19 years old.
• Describe the following dates in Spanish.
1. The 25th of December
2. The 3rd of May
3. The 2nd of April
4. The 9th of October
5. The 1st of June
• List the days of the week in two columns; weekends and weekdays.
Say the birthday of:
• Yourself
• Your parent(s)
• Two of your friends
Exercise answers
Dialogue
Raúl: Hello, Sofía! I'm Raúl. What's the date today?
Sofía: Hi, Raúl. Today is the 17th of October.
Raúl: Many thanks. My birthday is on Friday.
Sofía: Happy birthday!
Raúl: Thanks. How old are you?
Sofía: I'm 20 years old.
Raúl: OK. Bye Sophie!
Sofía: See you soon!
The numbers
1. Cinco
2. Veintisiete
3. Sesenta y nueve
4. Cuarenta y ocho
5. Ochenta y cuatro
6. Uno
7. Setenta y siete
8. Cincuenta y tres
9. Treinta y ocho
10. Cien
How old are you?
1.They are 6 and 10 years old.
2.He/She/It has
3.How old are you?
4.I have
5.I'm 47 years old.
6.We have
7.How old are they?
8.Is he/she 13 years old.
1.Tienes
2.¿Tenéis doce años?
3.Tienen
4.¿Cuántos años tiene?
5.Años
6.Tengo sesenta y cinco años.
7.Tengo
8.Tiene diecinueve años.
1.El veinticinco de diciembre (navidad = Christmas)
2.El tres de mayo
3.El dos de abril
4.El nueve de octubre
5.El primero de junio
•Weekends: sábado, domingo
•Weekdays: lunes, martes, miércoles, jueves, viernes
You will have to check this one yourself.
Chapter 4
Articles
As in many languages, Spanish gives each noun a gender: masculine or feminine, both for
singular things and plural ones.
Spanish, like English, has two articles: the definite article ("the") and the indefinite article
("a" or "an"). However, there are 4 forms, depending on the number and gender of the
noun. The plural indefinite article is "some" in Spanish.
• If the noun ends in a vowel, to make it plural, add s (gato - "cat"; gatos - "cats").
• If the noun ends in a consonant, to make it plural, add es (papel - "paper"; papeles -
"papers").
Happily, the gender of Spanish nouns is usually pretty easy to work out. Some very simple
rules-of-thumb:
• If it ends in a, d, z or ión: it's likely to be feminine.
• If it ends in o, ma or another consonant: it's likely to be masculine.
Spanish Grammar
Definite articles
Masculine
Singular ----- el ---- el hombre ---- he man
Plural ---- los ---- los niños ---- the boys
Feminine
Singular ---- la ---- la mujer ---- the woman
Plural ---- las ---- las niñas ---- the girls
Indefinite articles
Masculine
Singular ---- un ---- un hombre ---- a man
Plural ---- unos ---- unos niños ---- some boys
Feminine
Singular ---- una ---- una mujer ---- a woman
Plural ---- unas ---- unas niñas ---- some girl
Regular Verbs
We have already seen the present tense conjugations of two Spanish verbs, llamarse and
tener. However, both of these verbs are irregular verbs. Luckily, most verbs follow an easy
to understand conjugation scheme.
In Spanish, the conjugation depends on what the last two letters of the infinitive are. The
infinitive form is the form that is given in the dictionary. An example of an English verb in the
infinitive might be to run or to speak. Spanish verbs in the infinitive end with "-ar", "-er" or "-
ir". To conjugate them, remove the ending("-ir", "-er" or "-ar") and add the desired suffix.
Unlike English, Spanish verbs conjugate depending on the person; That is, they change
depending on who is being talked about. This occurs in English in the third person singular
(highlighted below) but in Spanish this occurs for every person. As a result, pronouns are
often omitted because they can be inferred from the conjugation.
Person in English
Singular First ---- I play
Plural ---- We play
Singular Second ---- You play
Plural ---- You all play
Singular Third ---- He/She/It plays
Plural ---- They play
The Present Tense

Regular -ar Verbs
Singular First --- -o
Plural --- -amos
Singular Second ---- -as
Plural ---- -áis

Singular Third ---- -a
Plural ---- -an
Regular -er Verbs
Singular First ----- -o
Plural ----- -emos
Singular Second ----- -es
Plural ----- -éis
Singular Third ----- -e
Plural ----- -en
Regular -ir Verbs
Singular First ----- -o
Plural ----- -imos
Singular Second ----- -es
Plural ----- -ís
Singular Third ----- -e
Plural ----- -en
Present Tense Examples
hablar (to speak)
Singular First ----- hablo
Plural ----- hablamos
Singular Second ----- hablas
Plural ----- habláis
Singular Third ----- habla
Plural ----- hablan
• Llorar ("to cry"): lloro, lloras, llora, lloramos, lloráis, lloran
• Cocinar ("to cook"): cocino, cocinas, cocina, cocinamos, cocináis, cocinan
• Comer ("to eat"): como, comes, come, comemos, coméis, comen
• Beber ("to drink"): bebo, bebes, bebe, bebemos, bebéis, beben
• Vivir ("to live"): vivo, vives, vive, vivimos, vivís, viven
• Cubrir ("to cover"): cubro, cubres, cubre, cubrimos, cubrís, cubren
Notes
• There are many more "-ar" verbs than "-er" or "-ir". Make sure you are most familiar with
these endings.
• The second person plural is highlighted because that tense is only used in the variety of
Spanish used in Spain. In other Spanish dialects the third person plural form is used
instead.
• When reading texts, you will need to know the person of the verb at a glance. Notice the
pattern:
1."O" denotes I
2."S" denotes You
3.A vowel that is not "O" denotes He/She/It
4."MOS" denotes We
5."IS" denotes You All
6."N" denotes They
Questions and Exclamations
In previous lessons, you will have noticed that we use the funny upside-down question mark
"¿". In Spanish, questions always start with that, and finish with the regular question mark.
It is the same for exclamations; the funny upside-down exclamation mark "¡" precedes
exclamations.
Questions in Spanish are mainly done by intonation (raising the voice at the end of the
question), since questions are often identical to statements. Te llamas Richard means "Your
name is Richard", and ¿Te llamas Richard? means "Is your name Richard?".
You can also use questions words, as indicated below.
Spanish Vocabulary
¿Dónde?
Where?
¿Quién?
Who?
¿Qué?
What?
¿Cómo?
How?
¿Por qué?
Why?
¿Cuándo?
When?
Examples
• ¿Con quién?
With whom?
• ¿Dónde está el banco?
Where is the bank?
• ¿Cuándo es tu cumpleaños?
• ¿Qué fecha es hoy?
What is the date today?
• ¡Hasta luego!
See you later!
Summary
In this lesson, you have learned:
• The Spanish articles (el; la; los; las; un; uno; unos; unas).
• How to conjugate regular verbs in the present tense (lloro; comes; vive; cocinamos;
bebéis; cubren).
• How to question people and exclaim in Spanish (¿Cuántos años tienes?; ¡Qué fantástico!)
You should now do the exercise related to each section (found below) before moving on.
This is a very important topic for future lessons; it's important that you know it well.
Exercises
The answers can be found in the next section. Also, try translating the dialogue at the top of
the lesson.
Articles
• Translate the following from Spanish into English.
1. Unas niñas
2. Los hombres
3. Unos hombres
4. Las niñas
5. Un niño
6. El niño
7. La mujer
8. Una mujer
• Translate the following from English into Spanish.
1. The women
2. Some men
3. The boy
4. The girls
5. Some girls
6. A man
7. Some boys
8. A girl
• Which of the following nouns are masculine?
1. Los chicos
2. Unas niñas
3. El gato
4. La manzana
5. Unas uñas
6. Un perro
7. Las mesas
8. Unas cosas
Regular verbs
• The following are conjugated verb forms; what person are they?
1. Lloro
2. Cocináis
3. Tenemos
4. Hablan
5. Compro
6. Abrazas
7. llevo
8. Vivimos
• Conjugate the following verbs for the person indicated.
1. Cocinar; they
2. Comer; she
3. Amar; we
4. Tener; I
5. Hablar; you singular
6. Temer; I
7. Comer; you plural
8. Vivir; he
Translate the following questions from English into Spanish, or vice versa.
1. ¿Cuántos años tienes?
2. Why do they cry?
3. ¿Cómo te llamas?
4. Where do they live?
5. ¿Qué comes?
6. What's his name?
7. ¿Dónde vivís?
8. How old are you (plural, familiar)?
Exercise answers
Articles
1. Some girls
2. The men
3. Some men
4. The girls
5. A boy
6. The boy
7. The woman
8. A woman
1. Las mujeres
2. Unos hombres
3. El niño
4. Las niñas
5. Unas niñas
6. Un hombre
7. Unos niños
8. Una niña
1. Los chicos
2. El gato
3. Un perro
Regular verbs
1. I
2. You plural
3. We
4. They
5. I
6. You singular
7. I
8. We
1. Cocinan
2. Come
3. Amamos
4. Tengo
5. Hablas
6. Temo
7. Coméis
8. Vive
1. How old are you?
2. ¿Por qué lloran?
3. What's your name?
4. ¿Dónde viven?
5. What do you eat?
6. ¿Cómo se llama?
7. Where do you lot live?
8. ¿Cuántos años tenéis?
Chapter 5
Vocabulary
Londres
London
Pero
But
Pués
Well
Dialogue
Raúl: ¡Hola! ¿Dónde vives?
Sofía: Hola, Raúl. Vivo en un piso en Londres, Inglaterra. ¿Y tú?
Raúl: Vale. Vivo en el sur de España.
Sofía: ¿En el campo o la ciudad?
Raúl: El campo. Las ciudades son ruidosas.
Sofía: Sí, pero no hay nada para hacer en el campo.
Raúl: Pues, ¡adiós, Sofía!
Countries of the World
If there's a pattern to be found in which article precedes the names of countries, or even if
one is used, I haven't discovered it. It's one of those aspects of the language that you either
need to memorize or pick up as you learn the names of the countries and hear them used.
Fortunately, however, there aren't a lot of countries where the article is used, and even then
with a few exceptions (particularly la India, El Salvador and la República Dominicana) its
use isn't mandatory. So while you can say el Brasil to refer to Brazil, Brasil by itself will also
do just fine most of the time. The article seems to be used more often in speech than in
contemporary writing (where, for example, Estados Unidos is frequently referred to without
the article).
Following are the most common countries and other geographic units that you'll hear or see
used with the article. Names where the article in mandatory or close to it are shown in
boldface:
la Arabia Saudita (Saudi Arabia)
la Argentina
el Brasil (Brazil)
El Cairo
el Camerún (Cameroon)
el Canadá
la China
el Cuzco (city in Peru)
el Ecuador
los Estados Unidos (the United States)
las Filipinas (the Philippines)
la Florida
la Habana (Havana)
La Haya (The Hague)
la India
el Irak (Iraq)
el Irán
el Japón (Japan)
el Líbano (Lebanon)
La Meca (Mecca)
el Nepal
los Países Bajos (the Netherlands)
el Pakistán
el Paraguay
el Perú
el Reino Unido (United Kingdom)
la República Dominicana
El Salvador
el Senegal
la Somalia
el Sudán
el Tibet
el Uruguay
el Vietnam
el Yemen
Remember also that the article commonly is used before the name of any country if you are
modifying it with an adjective or a prepositional phrase. For example, soy de España ("I'm
from Spain"), but soy de la España hermosa ("I'm from beautiful Spain"). Similarly, México
es interesante ("Mexico is interesting"), but el México del siglo XVI era interesante, "16th-
century Mexico was interesting."
To say you are from a country, you use ser (meaning "to be [a permanent characteristic]"),
then de (meaning "of" or "from"), then the country or place. To say you are currently living in
a place or country, you use vivir (meaning "to live"), then en (meaning "in"), then the country
or place.
To ask where someone else lives, you use Dónde then vivir (¿Dónde vives? means "Where
do you live?"). To ask where someone is from, you use De dónde, then ser (¿De dónde
eres? means "Where are you from?").
While vivir is totally regular (vivo, vives, vive, vivimos, vivís, viven), ser is about as irregular
as they come. It is conjugated below.
Spanish Verb
I
Soy
You
Eres
He/She/It
Es
We
Somos
You all
Sois
They
Son
Examples
• Vivo en Inglaterra
I live in England.
• Son de España, pero viven en Alemania.
They are from Spain, but they live in Germany.
The compass
El noroeste ----- El norte ----- El noreste
El oeste ----- X ----- El este
El sudoeste ----- El sur ----- El sudeste
Examples
• Vivo en el suroeste de México.
I live in the Southwest of Mexico.
• Soy del norte de Australia.
I'm from the north of Australia.
Spanish Vocabulary
Habitations
A house
Una casa
A detached house
Una casa individual
A semi-detached house
Una casa adosada
A terraced house
A flat
Un piso
A bungalow
Un bungalow
A room
Una habitación
Note
It's una habitación, but the plural is unas habitaciones (without the accent).
Examples
• Vivo en un piso.
• I live in a flat.
• Vivo en una casa adosada en Canadá.
• I live in a semi-detatched house in Canada.
• Vive en un bungalow que tiene diez habitaciones.
• He lives in a bungalow that has ten rooms.
Adjectives
As we already learnt, Spanish nouns each have a gender. This doesn't just affect the
article, but the adjective; it has to agree. Also, adjectives go after the noun, not before it.
If the adjective (in its natural form - the form found in the dictionary), ends in an "O" or an
"A", then you remove that vowel and add...
• O for masculine singular nouns
• OS for masculine plural nouns
• A for feminine singular nouns
• AS for feminine plural nouns.
Examples
• Un hombre bueno
A good man
• Unos hombres buenos
Some good men
• Una mujer buena
A good woman
• Unas mujeres buenas
Some good women
City and Countryside
¿La ciudad?
¿O el campo?
Spanish Vocabulary
The city
La ciudad
The countryside
El campo
The good thing about ... is that
Lo bueno sobre ... es que
The bad thing about ... is that
Lo malo sobre ... es que
There are lots of things to do
Hay mucho para hacer
There isn't anything to do
No hay nada para hacer
You can walk in woodlands
Se puede caminar en los bosques
There isn't any foliage
No queda ningún follaje
Pretty
Bonito
Lively
Animado
Quiet
Tranquilo
Boring
Aburrido
Noisy
Ruidoso
Examples
• La ciudad es ruidosa.
The city is noisy.
• The countryside is boring.
El campo es aburrido.
• Lo bueno sobre la ciudad es que hay mucho para hacer.
The good thing about the city is that there are lots of the things to do.
• Lo malo sobre la ciudad es que no queda ningunas plantas.
The bad thing about the city is that there isn't any folliage.
Summary
In this lesson, you have learned
• Various countries of the world (Australia; Italia; Francia; los Estados Unidos).
• How to say where you and others live and come from (Vivo en Inglaterra; Somos de
Gales).
• How to ask where someone lives (¿Dónde vives?).
• The points of the compass (el sur; el noroeste; el oeste).
• How to describe your house (una casa; un piso).
• The basics of adjectives ending in "O" or "A" (la mujer mala; el niño bonito).
• How to talk about the city of the countryside (la ciudad; el campo; no hay mucho para
hacer).
You should now do the exercise related to each section (found in the next section), and
translate the dialogue at the top before moving on to lesson five.
Exercises
The answers can be found in the next section. Also, try translating the dialogue at the top of
the lesson.
• Translate the following sentences from Spanish to English.
1. Vivo en Inglaterra
2. Son de España
3. ¿Eres de Alemania?
4. Vivimos en el sur de Francia
5. ¿Vivís en Gales?
6. Es de Escocia
7. ¿Dónde vive?
8. Somos del norte de Irlanda
9. Viven en el suroeste de los Estados Unidos
10. Soy de Canadá
• Translate the following sentences from English to Spanish
1. We come from Spain
2. I live in England
3. He comes from the north of Mexico
4. Where are you from?
5. Why do you live in Australia?
6. They come from Canada
7. Do you lot live in Wales?
8. He's from the UK
9. She lives in eastern Germany
10. Where does he come from?
Habitations
Match the Spanish to the English.
1. Room a. Bungalow
2. House b. Casa individual
3. Bungalow c. Habitación
4. Apartment d. Vivir
5. To live e. Habitaciones
6. Terraced house f. Pisos
7. Rooms g. Casa
8. Detatched house h. Piso
9. Flats i. Casa adosada
Adjectives
Correct the following sentences.
1. Las hombres malas
2. Un niño buenos
3. Unas niñas malo
4. Un mujer buena
5. El hombre buena
6. La niña bonito
7. Unos hombres malas
8. Los mujers malos
City and countryside
Translate the following from Spanish to English and visa versa.
1. La ciudad es ruidosa
2. I live in a house in the countryside
3. El campo es fantástica; se puede caminar en los bosques
4. She is from the city
5. Viven en el campo de Inglaterra
6. The city is lively; hay mucho para hacer
7. Lo malo sobre la ciudad es que no queda ninguna follaje
8. Do you live in the city or the countryside?
Exercise answers
Dialogue
Raúl: Hello! Where do you live?
Sofía: Hello, Raúl. I live in a flat in London, England. And you?
Raúl: OK. I live in the South of Spain.
Sofía: The the countryside or the city?
Raúl: The country. Cities are noisy.
Sofía: Yes, but there's nothing to do in the countryside.
Raúl: Well, bye Sophie!
Sofía: See you!
1. I live in England
2. They're from Spain
3. Are you from Germany?
4. We live in the South of France
5. Do you lot live in Wales?
6. He/She/It is from Scotland
7. Where does he/she/it live?
8. We are from Northern Ireland
9. They live in Southwestern USA
10. I am from Canada
1. Somos de España
2. Vivo en Inglaterra
3. Es del norte de Méjico
4. ¿De dónde eres?
5. ¿Por qué vives en Australia?
6. Son de Canadá
7. ¿Vivís en Gales?
8. Es del Reino Unido
9. Vive en el este de Alemania
10. ¿De dónde es?
Habitations
1. c
2. g
3. a
4. h
5. d
6. i
7. e
8. b
9. f
Adjectives
1. Los hombres malos
2. Un niño bueno
3. Unas niñas malas
4. Una mujer buena
5. El hombre bueno
6. La niña bonita
7. Unos hombres malos
8. Las mujeres malas
City and Countryside
1. The city is noisy
2. Vivo en una casa en el campo
3. The countryside is fantastic; you can walk in woodland
4. Es de la ciudad
5. They live in the English countryside
6. La ciudad es animada; there's loads to do
7. The bad thing about the city is that there isn't any foliage
8. ¿Vives en la ciudad o el campo?
Chapter 6
Vocabulary
Todo el tiempo
All the time
¡Hasta mañana!
See you tomorrow!
Divertido
Fun
Dialogue
Raúl: ¡Hola, Sofía! ¿Te gustan los deportes?
Sofía: Buenos días. Me encanta jugar al fútbol. ¿Y tú?
Raúl: No mucho. Sin embargo, practico natación todo el tiempo.
Sofía: Ah, no puedo nadar. ¿Juegas al ajedrez?
Raúl: Sí, me encanta; es un juego muy divertido.
Sofía: Sí. ¡Adiós, Raúl!
Raúl: ¡Hasta mañana!
Spanish Vocabulary
Sports and Activities
A sport
Un deporte
A game
Un juego
An activity
Una actividad
To play
Jugar
To practice
Practicar
Football
El fútbol
American Football
El fútbol americano
Rugby
El rugby
Tennis
El tenis
Cricket
El críquet
Swimming
La natación
Judo
El judo
Chess
El ajedrez
To sing
Cantar
To read
Leer
To swim
Nadar
To watch TV
Ver la tele
A lot Many
Mucho
Notes
• In Spanish, if an activity is a game, then you "play" it (jugar), otherwise you "practice" it
(practicar). For example, it's jugar el tenis ("to play tennis") but practicar la natacíon ("to go
swimming").
• The verbs are all regular, except:
• Jugar (this is discussed in detail below)
• Ver (veo, ves, ve, vemos, veis, ven)
Examples
• Veo la tele mucho.
I watch TV a lot
• Practico natación.
I go swimming.
• ¿Practicas judo?
Do you do judo?
• Practicamos muchas actividades.
We do many activites
• ¿Por qué cantáis?
Why do you sing a lot?
• ¿Cuándo lee?
When does he or she read?
Stem-changing Verbs
Jugar the first type of irregular verb; known as a stem-changing verb. Basically, in the "I",
"you, "he/she/it" and "they" forms, the u or o changes to a ue. The jugar example is written
out below.
Spanish Verb
I
Juego
You
Juegas
He/She/It
Juega
We
Jugamos
You all
Jugáis
They
Juegan
Other verbs that follow this pattern
• poder ("to be able to"): puedo, puedes, puede, podemos, podéis, pueden
• dormir ("to sleep"): duermo, duermes, duerme, dormimos, dormís, duermen
• encontrar ("to find"): encuentro, encuentras, encuentra, encontramos, encontráis,
encuentran
Notes
• The verb jugar always has a after it: jugar a. In Spanish, a el gets contracted to al and de
el gets contracted to del. So, it would be juego al rugby.
• Poder (meaning "to be able to") is usually followed by another verb, making "I can do
something". The following verb must be in the infinitive. For example, puede leer ("he can
read").
Examples
• Juego al tenis.
I play tennis.
• ¿Jugáis al ajedrez?
Do you play chess?
• ¿Qué deportes juegas?
What sports do you play?
• ¿Cuándo juegan al fútbol?
When do they play football?
• ¿Puedes cantar?
Can you sing?
• ¿Dónde duermes?
Where do you sleep?
Compound Sentences
So far, everything we've written has been simple sentences — "My name is Santiago" (Me
llamo Santiago); "The city is noisy" (La ciudad es ruidosa); "I play american football" (Juego
al fútbol americano). Wouldn't it be fantastic if we could join them up? Below are some little
words that will make our sentences longer, and more meaningful. You use them just like you
do in English.
Also, everything we've written has been positive ("I do this, I do that"). To make it negative,
we just add a word in front of the verb: no (meaning "not") or nunca (meaning "never"). For
example, No juego al rugby (I don't play rugby"); Nunca como manzanas ("I never eat
apples"). It's as simple as that.
Spanish Vocabulary
And
Y
Or
O
Because
Porque
But
Pero
Also
También
So
Así
Note
• Porque ("because") and Por qué ("why") are similar and easy to mix up; make sure you
don't!
Examples
• Me llamo Chris y mi cumpleaños es el veinte de agosto.
My name is Chris and my birthday is on the 20th of August.
• Me llamo Raúl, pero él se llama Roberto.
My name is Raúl, but his name is Robert.
• No practica judo.
He doesn't do judo.
• Juego al fútbol americano y practico natación también.
I play american football and I go swimming too.
• No vivo en una ciudad porque las ciudades son ruidosas.
I don't live in the city because cities are noisy.
¿Qué opinas sobre los deportes?
To ask someone about their opinions in Spanish, use Qué opinas sobre ("What is your
opinion about") then the thing you want their opinion on (¿Que opinas sobre los deportes?
means "What do you think about sport?").
Gustar
There is no verb for "to like" in Spanish. Instead, you use gusta (meaning "it pleases") and a
personal pronoun; you say that "it pleases me" or "I am pleased by it". The personal
pronouns are shown below.
Spanish Verb
Me
Me
You
Te
Him/Her/It
Le
Us
Nos
All of you
Os
Them
Les
Notes
• Like any other verb, you can put no in front of it, to say "I don't like" (No me gusta).
• If you like an activity rather than a thing, just use the infinitive afterwards: "I like swimming"
(Me gusta nadar).
• Gusta means "it pleases", so only works for singular things. If the thing that you like is
plural (the women for example), you add "n" (Me gustan las mujeres - "I like the women").
Love and Hate
Just saying you like or dislike something is a bit dull. Saying you love something is really
easy. Instead of gusta, use encanta (Me encanta leer means "I love reading"). To say you
hate something, use the regular verb Odiar (odio, odias, odia, odiamos, odiáis, odian).
You can also use nada or mucho to add emphasis to gusta. For example, No me gusta
nada ver la tele ("I don't like watching TV at all"); Me gusta mucho el ajedrez ("I like chess a
lot").
Examples
• ¿Que opinas sobre el ajedrez?
What do you think of chess?
• Me gusta el críquet.
I like cricket.
• No le gustan los deportes.
He doesn't like sports.
• Nos gusta jugar al rugby y fútbol.
We like playing rugby and football.
• Les gusta mucho nadar, pero no pueden cantar.
They like swimming but they can't sing.
• ¿Te gusta practicar la natacíon?
Do you like going swimming?
• ¿Por qué os gusta el tenis?
Why do you like tennis?
• Odian el ajedrez.
They hate chess.
• Me encantan los deportes, así vivo en la ciudad.
I love sports, so I live in the city.
Summary
In this lesson, you have learnt:
• How to say some sports and activities (el rugby; la natación; cantar).
• How to say you play and do these things (juego al rugby; practicamos natación).
• About a few stem-changing verbs (encuentro, encuentras, encuentra, encontramos,
encontráis, encuentran)
• How to make longer and negative sentences (no; nunca; así; pero).
• How to ask for opinions (¿Qué opinas sobre el fútbol?; ¿Te encanta leer?)
• How to express opinions (Me gusta; Le gustan; Me encanta; Odiamos)
translate the dialogue at the top before moving on to lesson six.
Exercises
The answers can be found in the next section. Sports and Activities
Match the English to the Spanish
1. Football a. Rugby
2. Cricket b. Ver la tele
3. Swimming c. Fútbol
4. To sing d. Leer
5. Rugby e. Judo
6. Judo f. Natación
7. To read g. Ajedrez
8. To watch TV h. Cricket
9. Tennis i. Cantar
10. Chess j. Tenis
Stem-changing Verbs
•Volver ("to return") conjugates just like poder. Conjugate it below.
1...............
2...............
3...............
4...............
5...............
6...............
•Correct the following sentences.
1. Practico natacion.
2. Jugo al rugby.
3. Podemos cantamos en España.
4. Jugáis el fútbol.
5. ¿Por qué jueges el críquet.
Compound sentences
• Translate the following sentences from Spanish to English.
1. Mi cumpleaños es el once de enero, así tengo cuarenta y ocho años.
2. Tengo ochenta y nueve años y tiene ochenta y nueve años también.
3. Juega al rugby y tenis.
4. No practicamos natación.
5. Vivimos en la ciudad porque el campo es aburrido.
6. No practico natación porque no puedo nadar.
7. ¿Cuándo jugáis al críquet?
• Translate the following sentences from English to Spanish.
1. I play tennis, but I can't swim.
2. They live in Italy because they don't like sports.
3. Can't you swim?
4. Her name is Georgina too.
5. So, what's your name?
6. They can't play chess.
7. When do you sleep?
¿Qué opinas sobre los deportes?
Translate the following sentences from Spanish to English and visa versa.
1. What do you think of rugby?
2. Me encanta el ajedrez.
3. I don't like singing at all.
4 .Me gustan mucho los deportes porque son animados.
5. Do you like swimming?
6. No me gusta vivir en Boston; no hay nada para hacer.
7. The boys are cute when they sing.
8. Así, ¿por qué no pueden cantar?
9. She likes the countryside because it's quiet.
10 .No me gusta llorar.
Exercise answers
Dialogue
Raúl: Hi Sophie! Do you like sports?
Sofía: Good afternoon.I love playing football. And yourself?
Raúl: Not much. However, I go swimming all the time.
Sofía: Ah, I can't swim. Do you play chess?
Raúl: Yes, I love it; it's a fun game.
Sofía: Yes, bye Raúl
Raúl: See you!
Sports and Activities
1. c
2. h
3. f
4. i
5. a
6. e
7. d
8. b
9. j
10. g
Stem-changing verbs
1. Vuelvo
2. Vuelves
3. Vuelve
4. Volvemos
5. Volvéis
6. Vuelven
¿Qué te gusta hacer?
1. Practico natación
2. Juego al rugby.
3. Podemos cantar en España.
4. Jugáis al fútbol.
5. ¿Por qué juegas al críquet?
Compound sentences
1. My birthday's on the 11th of January, so I'm 48 years old.
2.I 'm 87 and he's 87 too.
3. He plays rugby and tennis.
4. We don't go swimming.
5. We live in the city because the countryside is boring.
6. I don't go swimming because I can't swim.
7. When do you all play cricket?
1. Juego al tenis pero no puedo nadar.
2. Viven en Italia porque no les gustan los deportes.
3. ¿No puedes nadar?
4. Se llama Georgina también.
5. Así, ¿cómo te llamas?
6. No pueden jugar al ajedrez.
7. ¿Cuándo duermes?
¿Que opinas sobre los deportes?
1. ¿Que opinas sobre el rugby?
2. I love chess
3. No me gusta nada cantar.
4. I like sports a lot because they're lively.
5. ¿Te gusta nadar?
6. I don't like living in Boston; there's nothing to do.
7. Los niños son bonitos cuando cantan.
8. So, why can't you sing?
9. Le gusta el campo porque es bonito.
10 .I don't like crying.
Chapter 7
Vocabulary
Me he agotado
I've run out
Necesitar
To need
Zumo de
Juice of
Dialogue
Raúl: Hola. ¿Qué compras?
Sofía: Hola, Raúl. Compro una barra de pan y una botella de leche.
Raúl: Vale. Así, ¿tomas leche y pan tostada para tu desayuno?
Sofía: Sí. Me he agotado. ¿Qué desayunas?
Raúl: Normalmente, como zumo de naranja y una manzana.
Sofía: Y ¿tienes la comida que necesitas?
Raúl: Sí. Adiós.
Food and Drink
Notes
• m indicates that the noun is masculine (el queso — "the cheese"; los plátanos — "the
bananas"), wheras f indicated feminine (la lechuga — "the lettuce"; las uvas — "the
grapes")
•I n South America, papa is used instead of patata.
• While agua is feminine, it takes the masculine articles un and el. For example, el agua
curiosa ("the strange water") and las aguas curiosas ("the strange waters").
• Con means "with", sin means without (café con leche means "coffee with milk", café sin
leche means "coffee without milk").
• Wine comes in two varieties, "red" and "white". In Spanish, they are vino tinto and vino
blanco.
Examples
• Me gustan los huevos.
I like eggs.
• No me gusta nada la lechuga.
I don't like lettuce at all.
• Me encanta el té con leche.
I love tea with milk
• Me gustan mucho las zanahorias, pero los pepinos son aburridos.
I like carrots a lot, but cucumbers are boring.
What do you eat?
To ask what someone else eats, use Qué followed by a form of one of the verbs below
(¿Qué comes? means "What do you eat?"). To ask what someone likes to eat, use Qué te
gusta then any of the verbs below (¿Qué te gusta comer? means "What do you like to
eat?").
Spanish Verbs
To eat
Comer
To drink
Beber
To have (food/drink)
Tomar
To (eat) breakfast
Desayunar
To (eat) lunch
Almorzar
To dine (eat dinner)
Cenar
Note
All of these verbs are regular except almorzar, which is one of the UE Verbs we learnt
about in the last chapter; almuerzo, almuerzas, almuerza, almorzamos, almorzáis,
almuerzan.
Examples
• ¿Qué te gusta almorzar?
What do you like to eat for lunch?
• Como naranjas y plátanos, pero no me gustan las peras.
I eat oranges and bananas, but I don't like pears.
• Me gusta comer las uvas.
I like to eat grapes.
• ¿Bebes leche?
Do you drink milk?
A bottle of wine
Spanish Verbs
Algo de
Some
Un vaso de
Una copa de
A glass of
Una botella de
A bottle of
Una barra de
A loaf of
Un kilo de
A kilo of
Un kilo y mediο de
One and a half kilos of
Un kilo y cuarto de
One and a quarter kilos of
Μedio kilo de
Half a kilo of
Un cuarto de kilo de
A quarter of a kilo of
Notes
• You will have noticed "some" on the list, but "unos/unas" is some! Yes, it would be unas
manzanas ("some apples") but that only works for plurals. "Some bread" has to be
translated as algo de pan.
• Also, there are two ways of saying "a glass of". Copa is for glasses with a stem (mostly
wine: una copa de vino), and vaso is used for without a stem.
• Obviously, in all these phrases, the un can be replaced with any number (Dos vasos de
leche means "two glasses of milk").
Examples
• Tres botellas de vino tinto
Three bottles of red wine
• Un medio kilo de arroz
Half a kilo of rice
• Una barra de pan
A loaf of bread
• Cinco kilos y media de patatas
Five and a half kilos of potatoes
In the Shop
In Spanish, as in English, there are many ways of expressing what you would like to buy,
some of which are listed below. You will also see some other useful words and phrases for
when shopping for food.
Spanish Verbs
Quisiera
Querría
Me gustaría
I would like
Ahí está(n)
There you go; voila.
Comprar
To buy
La cuenta
The receipt
Costar
To cost
Una tienda
A shop
Notes
• Comprar is a totally regular verb (compro, compras, compra, compramos, compráis,
compran).
• With ahí está(n), with the n is for plural. Without is for singular.
• Costar is a O => UE verb (cuesto, cuestas, cuesta, costamos, costáis, cuestan), but
obviously, you only use the third person.
Also, if you want to say "How much does it cost, you use ¿Cuánto cuesta(n)? (cuesta is for
singular things, cuestan for plurals, as seen below).
Examples
• Quisiera una manzana, por favor.
I would like an apple, please.
• Querría comprar una barra de pan.
I'd like to buy a loaf of bread.
• Me gustaría comprar una botella de vino tinto, por favor.
I'd like to buy a bottle of red wine, please.
• ¿Cuánto cuestan las uvas?
How much do the grapes cost?
• ¿Cuánto cuesta un kilo de patatas?
What does a kilo of potatoes cost?
Adjectives
"E" and Consonant Adjectives
In Spanish, clearly not all adjectives end in "o" or "a". The good thing about these is that
they stay the same, irrespective of gender.
• Adjectives ending in "e" add an "s" when in the plural.
• Adjectives ending in a consonant add an "es" when in the plural.
Notes
• When an adjective (or indeed a noun) ends in z, it changes to a c in plural, then adds the
"es" (feliz/felices — "happy").
Examples
• El hombre amable
The friendly man
• La mujer amable
The friendly woman
• Los niños amables
The friendly boys
• Las niñas amables
The friendly girls
• El hombre difícil
The difficult man
• La mujer difícil
The difficult woman
• Los niños difíciles
The difficult boys
• Las niñas difíciles
The difficult girls
Colours
Colours in Spanish are just adjectives, so they still have to agree and go after the noun.
They are shown below.
Spanish Vocabulary
Notes
• All of these will function as nouns, if you add an article in front of them. For example, el
morado means "the purple one".
• The plural form of marrón is marrones (without the accent); las zanahorias marrones
means "the brown carrots".
• The colours naranja and rosa end in "a" even if they are applied to a masculine; el coche
naranja, "the orange car"; la casa rosa, "the pink house"
Examples
• La manzana verde
The green apple
• Los huevos blancos
The white eggs
• El queso amarillo
The yellow cheese
• Las naranjas naranjas
The orange oranges
Summary
In this lesson, you have learnt
• How to say some foods and drinks (la lechuga; una manzana; la leche).
• How to say you eat and drink things (como, comes, come, comemos, coméis, comen).
• How to say some simple quantities (un kilo de patatas; una copa de vino tinto)
• What to say in a shop (quisiera; querría; la cuenta).
• How to form adjectives that don't end in "O" or "A" (la tienda verde; los quesos azules)
translate the dialogue at the top before moving on.
Exercises
The answers can be found in the next section.
Food and Drink
Match the English to the Spanish.
1. Un pepino a. Water
2. Queso b. The carrots
3. Una manzana c. Rice
4. Las peras d. White wine
5. Té e. An egg
6. Las zanahorias f. A cucumber
7. Un huevo g. Tea
8. Agua h. Cheese
9. Arroz i. The pears
10. Vino blanco j. An apple
What do you eat?
•Conjugate the verb beber ("to drink") and cenar ("to dine") below:
1...............
2...............
3...............
4...............
5...............
6...............
1...............
2...............
3...............
4...............
5...............
6...............
A bottle of wine
Match up the following to make sentences that make sense.
1. Un kilo y media de... a. ...vino tinto
2. Algo de... b. ...leche
3. Una copa de... c. ...patatas
4. Un vaso de... d. ...pan
5. Una barra de... e. ...pasta
In the shop
Pretend that you are a customer in a shop. In the following dialogue, fill in your part.
Buenos días.
.........................
Muy bien, gracias. ¿Qué quisieras?
.........................
Vale. Ahí están.
.........................
Cuestan tres euros.
.........................
¡Adiós!
Adjectives
Correct the following sentences.
• Ahí está tres tomates verde.
• Los mujeres son difíciles.
• Me gusta hombres amable.
• Odie pepinos.
• No les gustan comer patatas con queso.
Translate the following between Spanish and English.
• I hate eating tomatoes: they're boring.
• No toma queso o leche porque es vegano. [ vegano = vegan ]
• I don't drink milk because it's white.
• ¿Querrías comprar una manzana?
• Does she like pasta with tomatoes and carrots? Wikibooks | 55
Food and Drink
1. f) A cucumber
2. h) Cheese
3. j) An apple
4. i) The pears
5. g) Tea
6. b) The carrots
7. e) An egg
8. a) Water
9. c) Rice
10. d) Red wine
What do you eat?
1. Bebo
2. Bebes
3. Bebe
4. Bebemos
5. Bebéis
6. Beben
1. Ceno
2. Cenas
3. Cena
4. Cenamos
5. Cenáis
6. Cenan
A bottle of wine
1. c) Un kilo y media de patatas
2. e) Algo de pasta
3. a) Una copa de vino tinto
4. b) Un vaso de leche
5. d) Una barra de pan
In the shop
Buenos días.
Buenos días. ¿Qué tal?
Muy bien, gracias. ¿Qué quisieras?
Quisiera seis huevos. [ can be anything, so long as it's plural ]
Vale. Ahí están.
¿Cuánto cuestan?
Cuestan tres euros.
Gracias. Adiós.
¡Adiós!
Adjectives
• Ahí están tres tomates verdes.
• Las mujeres son difíciles.
• Me gustan hombres amables.
• Odia pepinos.
• No les gusta- comer patatas con queso.
• Odio comer las patatas: son aburridas.
• He doesn't have cheese or milk because he's vegan.
• No bebo leche porque es blanca.
• Would you like to buy an apple?
• ¿Le gusta pasta con tomates y zanahorias?
Chapter 8
Vocabulary
Luego
Then
Salgo
I leave
Dialogue
Raúl: ¡Hola Sofía! ¿Qué hora es?
Sofía: Son las ocho y cuarto.
Raúl: Gracias. ¿Qué haces normalmente por la mañana?
Sofía: Me levanto a las siete. Luego, me ducho y tomo mi desayuno. Usualmente, salgo a
las ocho.
Raúl: Ah, vale. Así, ¿cuándo almuerzas?
Sofía: Suelo almorzar a la una.
Raúl: Claro. ¡Adiós!
Telling the time
Telling the time is easy in Spanish, and very similar to English. You use this construction:
Son las [hours] y [minutes]
So, Son las tres y veinte would mean "It's twenty past three". To ask the time, you just use
the question ¿Qué hora es? (literally: "What hour is it?"). However, this only works for times
up to half-past the hour. How do you say "It's twenty to three", I hear you cry? For this, you
have to use menos (meaning "less") instead of y (Son las cuatro menos diez means "It's ten
to four".
Other typical time-telling phrases are depicted in the table below.
Spanish Vocabulary
The time
a.m.
de la mañana
p.m.
de la tarde
It's half-past [hour]
Son las [hour] y media
It's quarter-past [hour]
Son las [hour] y cuarto
It's quarter-to [hour]
Son las [hour] menos cuarto
Notes
• If there aren't any minutes, just say son las cinco ("It's 5 o'clock") or son las once ("It's 11
o'clock").
• Remember: son means "they are", so son las... only works for numbers greater than one.
To say "it's one o'clock", you have to say Es la una.
Examples
• Son las ocho
It's 8 o'clock
• Son las nueve y media
It's half-past nine
• Son las seis menos cuarto
It's quarter-to six
• Son las dos y veinte de la mañana
It's 2:20 a.m.
When?
So, you now know how to tell the time in Spanish. Now let's use it to describe when
something happens. To do this, you use a las followed by the time as described above (a
las tres means "at 3 o'clock"). But what if you don't know a specific time? What about just
"In the evening"? Just use por la, followed by one of the entries in the table (por la noche
means "at night"):
Spanish Vocabulary
The times of the day
Morning
Mañana
Afternoon
Tarde
Evening
Night
Noche
Notes
• Since it's always "por la", this means that these times-of-day are all feminine.
Examples
• A las ocho de la mañana, tomo mi desayuno.
At 8:00am, I eat breakfast.
• Por la tarde, le gusta ver la tele.
In the evening, He likes watching TV.
• Por la noche, les gusta mucho beber leche.
At night,they love drinking milk.
Time-related Adverbs
It's all very well knowing how to say that you do things at a particular time, but what about
more habitual actions? What do you do usually? Normally? Sometimes?
Spanish Vocabulary
The time
Usually
Usualmente
Normally
Normalmente
Often
A menudo
Sometimes
A veces
Occasionally
De vez en cuando
Ocasionalmente
Rarely
Raramente
Soler
To be in the habit of
Notes
• You should notice that all the words ending in "ly" in English end in mente in Spanish. To
turn an adjective into an adverb: take the feminine form of the adjective, then add mente.
• Thus, normal, raro, ocasional and usual are all adjectives.
• Also, ruidosamente, tranquilamente, etc, are adverbs (you met tranquilo and ruidoso in
lesson 4...)
• Soler is a UE stem-changing verb (suelo, sueles, suele, solemos, soléis, suelen), and it is
followed by the infinitive (Suelo comer queso con pan, meaning "I usually eat cheese with
bread").
Examples
• A veces, bebemos vino tinto, pero nunca vino blanco.
Sometimes, we drink red wine, but never white wine.
• Suelo vivir en pisos; vivir en una casa es muy difícil.
I usually live in flats; living in a house is really difficult.
• De vez en cuando, juego al ajedrez, pero usualmente, practico judo.
Sometimes, I play chess, but usually I do judo.
• Normalmente a las cinco de la tarde, juego al futból.
Normally at 5pm, I play football.
Reflexive verbs
Reflexive verbs are verbs where the subject and object are the same. "To wash oneself" or
"to get oneself up". In Spanish, we do this by using a reflexive pronoun before the verb.
We've already met these relfexive pronouns, along with a reflexive verb in the first lesson:
llamarse ("to call oneself"). So, here are the reflexive pronouns:
Spanish Vocabulary
Pronombres reflexivos
Myself
Me
Yourself
Te
Himself/Herself/Itself
Se
Ourselves
Nos
Yourselves
Os
Themselves
Se
So, here is an example, using the verb lavarse ("to wash oneself"):
Spanish Verb
To wash oneself
I wash myself
Me lavo
You wash yourself
Te lavas
He/she/it washes himself/herself/itself
Se lava
We wash ourselves
Nos lavamos
You wash yourselves
Os laváis
They wash themselves
Se lavan
So, now that know how to conjugate them, it'd be useful to give you some examples:
Spanish Vocabulary
Relfexive verbs • Verbos reflexivos
Levantarse
To get (oneself) up
Ducharse
To shower (oneself)
Bañarse
To bathe (oneself)
Peinarse
To comb one's hair
Maquillarse
To put one's make-up on
Relajarse
To relax (oneself)
Notes
• These are very similar to the indirect object pronouns used with gustar. Make sure you
don't get them mixed up.
• When in the infinitive, the reflexive pronoun goes on the end of the verb as a suffix. For
example, me gusta ducharme means "I like showering".
Examples
• Por la mañana, me maquillo y me peino.
In the morning, I put my make-up on and comb my hair.
• ¿Cuándo te bañas?
When do you bathe?
• A las ocho de la mañana, nos levantamos.
At 8am, we get up.
• Nunca nos bañamos por la mañana; nos gusta ducharnos.
We never have a bath in the morning; we like to have a shower.
• Me encanta bañarme por la noche - es muy tranquilo.
I love having a bath in the evening - it's very quiet.
• Ocasionalmente, se ducha por la mañana, pero usualmente, le gusta bañarse por la
tarde.
Ocassionally, he showers in the morning, but usually, he likes to have a bath in the
afternoon.
• A las nueve de la tarde, me gusta mucho relajarme. Normalmente, bebo vino.
At 9pm, I like to relax. Normally, I drink wine.
Summary
• How to ask for the time (¿Qué hora es?)
• How to tell the time (Son las cuatro y media; es la una menos cuarto)
• How to say the times of the day (por la manana; tarde; a las tres y diez)
• Various adverbs (ocasionalmente; normalmente; de vez en cuando; a menudo)
• How to use reflexive verbs (me baño; te relajas; se ducha; nos lavamos; os lavantáis; se
maquillan)
translate the dialogue at the top before moving on to lesson eight.
Exercises
The answers can be found in the next section. Telling the time
Write the following times in full Spanish.
1. 3:00
2. 4:00
3. 2:25
4. 9:10
5. 10:30
6. 6:15
7. 1:35
8. 7:45
9. 1:15am
10. 8:55pm
Time-related adverbs
Translate the following from English to Spanish and vice versa.
1. Normalmente, cenamos a las siete.
2. Occasionally, I play football, but I really like rugby.
3. ¿Juegas al ajedrez a menudo?
4. Sometimes I eat lettuce, but I never eat tomatoes.
5. Por la noche, me gusta mucho comer arroz.
6. I rarely have lunch at 1pm.
7. Usualmente, almuerza a las dos.
8. I usually play tennis at 3pm.
Reflexive verbs
Fill in the gaps in the following text. You might not need to put anything in the gap.
Hola. (1)____ llamo Milagros, y tengo dieciséis años. (2)____ vivo en un piso grande en
Madríd, en España. Normalmente, (3)____ la mañana, (4)____ levanto a las seis (5)____
media. Luego, (6)____ peino, y desayuno con Rosa (mi hermana). Después, (7)____
maquillamos. Nunca (8)____ duchamos por (9)___ mañana - me gusta bañarme por la
noche.
Usualmente, a (10)____ cuatro (11)____ la tarde, practicamos (12)____ la natación.
(13)____ gusta mucho nadar. Por la tarde, (14)____ relajo: me gusta leer, (15)____ ver la
tele, pero usualmente, no hay nada (16)____ hacer. Wikibooks | 63
Exercise answers
Dialogue
Raúl: Hi Sofía! What's the time?
Sofía: It's 8:15.
Raúl: Thanks.What do you normally do in the morning?
Sofía: I get up at 7:00. Then, I have a shower, do my make-up and eat breakfast. Usually, I
leave at 8:00.
Raúl: Ah, ok. So, when you you have lunch?
Sofía: I normally have lunch at 1:00.
Raúl: Ok. Goodbye!
Sofía: See you soon!
Telling the time
1. Son las tres.
2. Son las cuatro.
3. Son las dos y veinticinco.
4. Son las nueve y diez.
5. Son las diez y media.
6. Son las seis y cuarto.
7. Son las dos menos veinticinco.
8. Son las ocho menos cuarto.
9. Es la una y cuarto de la mañana.
10. Son las nueve menos cinco de la noche.
Time-related adverbs
1. Normally, we have dinner at 7:00.
2. De vez en cuando, juego al futból, pero me gusta mucho el rugby.
3. Do you often play chess?
4. A veces, como lechuga, pero nunca como tomates.
5. At night, I really like eating rice.
6. Almuerzo raramente a la una.
7. Usually, he has lunch at 2:00.
8. Suelo jugar al tenis a las tres de la tarde.
Reflexive verbs
Hola. (1)____ llamo Milagros, y tengo dieciséis años. (2)____ vivo en un piso grande en
Madríd, en España. Normalmente, (3)____ la mañana, (4)____ 64 | Spanish
¿Qué hora es?
levanto a las seis (5)____ media. Luego, (6)____ peino, y desayuno con Rosa (mi
hermana). Después, (7)____ maquillamos. Nunca (8)____ duchamos por (9)___ mañana
- me gusta bañarme por la noche.
Usualmente, a (10)____ cuatro (11)____ la tarde, practicamos (12)____ la natación.
(13)____ gusta mucho nadar. Por la tarde, (14)____ relajo: me gusta leer, (15)____ ver la
tele, pero usualmente, no hay nada (16)____ hacer.
1. Me
2. -
3. Por
4. Me
5. Y
6. Me
7. Nos
8. Nos
9. La
10. Las
11. De
12. -
13.Nos
14.Me
15.-
16. Para
Chapter 9
Dialogue
Raúl: Hola Sofía. La semana que viene, voy a ir a Italia.
Sofía: ¿Cómo vas a ir? ¿En tren?
Raúl: No. Odio los trenes - son muy ruidosos.
Sofía: Claro. Prefiero los aviónes también.
Raúl: Usualmente, voy a Irlanda pero tengo un billete para Italia.
Vocabulary
Para
for
Otro
other
tomarme unmes libre
take myself a month off work
Sofía: Así, ¿vas a comprar un otro billete?
Raúl: No - Italia es buena también. Puedo tomar el sol y experimentar la cultura nativa.
Sofía: ¿Cuánto tiempo vas a pasar allí?
Raúl: Dos semanas. Quiero pasar un mes, pero no puedo tomarme un mes libre.
Sofía: Entiendo. ¡Hasta luego!
The Simple Future tense
Expressing what you're going to do in the future is simple in Spanish, and the same as in
English. You use this construction:
[Ir] a [infinitive]
Let's look at this more closely. First, you must conjugate the (sadly irregular) verb ir
(meaning "to go"), followed by a (meaning "to"). Then you have the infinitive of the verb you
are going to do. So, voy a comer means "I'm going to eat". It's as simple as that!
Ir is conjugated thus:
Spanish Verb
To go
I go
Voy
You go
Vas
He/She/It goes
Va
We go
Vamos
You all go
Vais
They go
Van
Notes
• For reflexive verbs, you have two options for where to put the reflexive pronoun. You can
either have it before ir (me voy a bañar, meaning "I'm going to have a bath") or as a suffix
of the infinitive (voy a bañarme, meaning "I'm going to have a bath"). It doesn't matter which
you choose.
Examples
• Voy a cenar a las ocho
I'm going to have dinner at 8:00.
• ¿Vas a jugar al futból con Paulo?
Are you going to play football with Paulo?
• Va a ducharse por la tarde.
She's going to have a shower in the evening.
• Vamos a ir a Francia; nos vamos a relajar.
We're going to go to France; We're going to relax.
• Por la noche, van a jugar al ajedrez.
At night, they're going to play chess.
In the future...
Now that we know how to express future actions, it'd be great to be able to say when we're
going to do them. Here are a few key expressions for saying when something is goig to
happen.
Spanish Vocabulary
In the future
Tomorrow
Mañana
Tomorrow morning
Mañana por la mañana
The day after tomorrow
Pasado mañana
Next week
La semana que viene
La semana próxima
Next month
El mes que viene
El mes próximo
Next year
El año que viene
El año próximo
In the future
En el futuro
Notes
• Notice viene in some of the phrases. This is from the E=>IE stem-changing verb venir,
meaning "to come". So, literally, these phrases mean "the week that comes" (la semana
que viene) or "the year that comes" (el año que viene). This also means that you have to
conjugate it when you're talking in the past tense: "The year that came", but don't worry
about that for quite some time yet.
• Mañana por la mañana means "tomorrow morning". In the same vein, mañana por la
tarde means "tomorrow afternoon" and mañana por la noche means "tomorrow night".
Examples
• Manaña por la tarde, voy a jugar al tenis.
Tomorrow afternoon, I'm going to play tennis.
• El año próximo, vamos a ir a Francia.
Next year, we're going to go to France.
• En el futuro, me gustaría vivir en el campo.
In the future, I would like to live in the countryside.
• ¿Vas a tener ocho años el mes que viene?
Are you going to be eight years-old next month?
• ¿Vamos a cenar a las siete y media la semana próxima?
Are we going to have dinner at 7:30 next week?
• Las mujeres van a vivir en un piso en noviembre.
The women are going to live in a flat in November.
Holidays
Grab your swimming trunks: you're off to the south coast of Spain!
Journey
So, when, where are how are you going to go? Look at the following phrase, explained
below.
El año próximo, voy a ir a España en avión.
This is made up of various parts:
• Firstly, we have the time expression.
• Then, ir ("to go") in the simple future tense.
• Then a España, meaning "to Spain" - the location.
• Then en avión, meaning by aeroplane. Literally, this means "in aeroplane", as en means
"in".
You have all of the vocabulary here, except for the modes of transport, some of which are
below.
Examples
• ¿Vas a ir a Alemania en coche?
Are you going to go to Germany by car?
• ¿Cómo vamos a ir a Galés? ¿En autocar?
How are we going to go to Wales? By coach?
• Normalmente, voy en tren, pero el mes que viene, voy a ir en barco.
Normally, I go by train, but next month, I'm going to go by boat.
• Van a ir a los Estados Unidos en avión.
They're going to go to the USA by plane.
For how long?
To say how long you're going to spend somewhere (or doing something), you use the verb
pasar (meaning "to spend", as in time). It is a perfectly regular verb (paso, pasas, pasa,
pasamos, pasáis, pasan). You would then follow it by a timespan (pasamos dos semanas
en Irlanda means "we spend two weeks in Ireland").
To ask how long someone else is going to spend somewhere, you use cuánto tiempo ("how
much time") followed by pasar. ¿Cuánto tiempo van a pasar en Inglaterra? means "How
long are they going to spend in England?".
Examples
• Vais a pasar un mes en Nueva Zelanda.
You're all going to spend a month in New Zealand.
• Normalmente, ¿cuánto tiempo pasas en Canadá?
Normally, how much time do you spend in Canada?
• ¿Dónde voy a pasar el mes que viene? ¿Los Estados Unidos?
Chapter 10
Where am I going to spend the next month? America?
Accommodation
To say "to stay" in Spanish, you use the reflexive verb alojarse, which is regular (me alojo,
te alojas, se aloja, nos alojamos, os alojáis, se alojan). Then, you use en (meaning "in"),
then the type of accommodation, as shown in the table below.
However, I hear you cry, what if you're already in Spain? How do you ask for
accomodation? Below are a few useful phrases for asking for accommodation...
Reception desk at a hotel.
• ¿Tienes cuartos libres?
Do you have any free rooms?
• ¿Cuánto cobra por noche?
How much does it cost per night?
• ¿Puedes recomendarme un hotel barato?
Can you recommend a cheap hotel?
• ¿Se puede fumar en el cuarto?
Can you smoke in the room?
Spanish Vocabulary
Accommodation
A single room
Una habitación individual
A double room
Una habitación doble
A family room
Una habitación familiar
A hotel
Un hotel
A youth hostel
Un albergue juvenil
A villa
Un chalet
A camp site
Un cámping
Notes
• A "camp site" is un cámping (remember the accent), "to go camping" is ir de cámping and
"a tent" is una tienda.
• When in plural, habitación loses the accent (una habitación, dos habitaciones).
Examples
• El año que viene, vamos a ir de cámping en Francia.
Net year, we're going to go camping in Francia.
• La semana próxima, voy a pasar un día en un albergue juvenil.
Next week, I'm going to spend a day in a youth hostel.
• Normalmente, cuando van a España, se alojan en un chalet, pero el año próximo, van a
alojarse en un hotel.
Normally, when they go to Spain, they stay in a villa, but next year, their going to stay in a
hotel.
• ¿Tienes habitaciones dobles libres?
Do you have any free double rooms?
• ¿Cuánto cobra por noche en un habitación singular? ¿Se puede fumar allí?
How much does a single room cost per night? Are you allowed to smoke there?
• Puedes recomendarme un hotel barato que tiene habitaciones familares libres?
Can you recommend a cheap hotel that has free family rooms?
Activities
Right. So you've arrived and unpacked. What now? How are you going to spend your time?
Obviously, you could jugar al futból ("play football") or beber vino ("drink wine"), but clearly
there are more activities than just these...
Irse de juerga
Tomar el sol
Nadar
What about more general things? Why do you want to go there? What do you want to get
out of the trip? To say "in order to", you use para (meaning "for"), followed by the infinitive.
Spanish Vocabulary
Why go there?
Experimentar una cultura diferente
To experience a different culture
Probar la comida native
To try the local food
Aprender el idioma
To learn the language
Notes
• There are quite a few new verbs here. Luckily, most are regular...
• Sacar is regular (saco, sacas, saca, sacamos, sacáis, sacan).
• Tomar is regular (tomo, tomas, toma, tomamos, tomáis, toman).
• Irse is explained in more detail below.
• Bailar is regular (bailo, bailas, baila, bailamos, bailáis, bailan).
• Nadar is regular (nado, nadas, nada, nadamos, nadáis, nadan).
• Experimentar is regular (experimento, experimentas, experimenta, experimentamos,
experimentáis, experimentan).
• Probar is an O=>UE stem-changing verb (pruebo, pruebas, prueba, probamos, probáis,
prueban).
• Aprender is regular (aprendo, aprendes, aprende, aprendemos, aprendéis, aprenden).
• Irse is quite complicated. It's the same ir as described above (voy, vas, va, vamos, vais,
van), but the se means that it's reflexive too, so it uses the reflexive pronouns learnt last
lesson. Thus, it's conjugated: me voy, te vas, se va, nos vamos, os vais, se van.
• With the nouns mentioned here, most of the genders are obvious. However, watch out for
idioma and foto, since they have the opposite genders to what you would expect. Idioma is
masculine and Foto is feminine.
• Obviously, nativo and diferente are adjectives. Another useful adjective to use in these
phrases is nuevo, meaning "new".
Examples
• El mes próximo, voy a ir a Ibiza para irme de juerga.
Next month, I'm going to go to Ibiza to go clubbing.
• Cuando en Francia, puedo rejarme - me encanta nadar y tomar el sol.
When in France, I can relax - I love swimming and sunbathing.
• ¿Por qué te gustaría ir a España? ¿Para aprender el idioma?
Why would you like to go to Spain? To learn the language?
• Van a ir a Grecia en noviembre. Les gusta probar comidas nuevas y experimentar
culturas diferentes.
They're going to go to Greece in November. They like trying new foods and experiencing
different cultures.
• Cuando vamos a Inglaterra, nunca sacamos fotos buenas.
When we go to England, we never take good photos.
• ¿Os gusta bailar y iros de juerga?
Do you all like dancing and going clubbing?
Stem-changing Verbs
The second type of irregular verb is another stem-changing verb. This time, the e changes
to ie in the "I", "you", "he/she/it" and "they" forms. An example (querer, meaning "to want")
is written in the table below.
Spanish Verb
To want
I
Quiero
You
Quieres
He/She/It
Quiere
We
Queremos
You all
Queréis
They
Quieren
Other verbs that follow this pattern
• entender ("to understand"): entiendo, entiendes, entiende, entendemos, entendéis,
entienden.
• empezar ("to start"): empiezo, empiezas, empieza, empezamos, empezáis, empiezan.
• preferer ("to prefer"): prefiero, prefieres, prefiere, preferemos, preferéis, prefieren.
• pensar ("to think"): pienso, piensas, piensa, pensamos, pensáis, piensan.
Notes
• Querer can be followed by the infinitive (quiero empezar means "I want to start").
• Remember tener? Well, that is a stem changing verb too: tengo, tienes, tiene, tenemos,
tenéis, tienen!
• Pensar is normally followed by que, meaning "to think that".
Examples
• Quiero almorzar a las dos menos cuarto.
I want to have lunch at 1:45.
• Usualmente, vamos a Rusia en noviembre, pero Juan prefiere ir a España: quiere
aprender el idioma.
Usually, we go to Russia en november, but Juan prefers going to Spain; he wants to learn
the language.
• Pasado mañana, vais a cenar en el hotel. ¿Entendéis?
The day after tomorrow, you're going to dine in the hotel. Do you all understand?
• Cuando voy a Nueva Zelanda, quiero alojarme en un albergue juvenil, pero Santiago
prefiere los chaletes.
When I go to New Zealand, I want to stay in a youth hostel, but Santiago prefers villas.
• Entiendo que se puede fumar en las habitaciones individuales, ¿no?
I understand you can smoke in the single rooms, right?
• ¿Piensas que las mujeres van a ser amables?
Do you think the women are going to be nice?
Summary
• How to form the simple future tense in Spanish (voy a comer; vais a almorzar; van a ir)
• How to say various future time phrases (pasado mañana; mañana por la noche; en el
futuro)
• How to say when, where and how you're going on holiday (el mes que viene, vamos a ir a
Irlanda en autocar)
• How to say for how long you're going to stay (voy a pasar un mes; pasa una semana)
• How to say what sort of accomodation you'll be in (un cámping; un albergue junenil; voy a
alojarme en una habitación familiar)
• How to ask for accommodation (¿Tienes cuartos libres?; ¿Cuánto cobra por noche?)
• How to say various holiday activities (me voy de juerga; bailan; probar comidas nuevas)
• How to form I=>IE stem-changing verbs (quiero; entendemos; cierran)
translate the dialogue at the top before moving on to lesson nine.
Exercises
The answers can be found in the next section.
Put the following into the simple future tense.
1. Como a las seis.
2. Juegan al fútbol.
3. Almuerza a las seis.
4. Me peino a las tres.
5. Vivimos en un piso en Inglaterra.
6. Se llama Miguel.
7. ¿Duermes a la una?
8. Sois de Escocia.
9. Tengo doce años.
In the future...
Put the following in chonological order.
1. Pasado mañana
2. El año próximo
3. La semana que viene
4. Mañana por la noche
5. El mes que viene
6. En el futuro
7. Mañana por la mañana
Holidays
Fill in the gaps in the following text. You might not need to put anything in the gap.
El año (1)____ viene, voy (2)____ ir (3)____ México en tren. Voy a (4)____ dos semanas
allí. Normalmente, paso solamente una semana, pero (5)____ gustaría (6)____ relajarme
totalmente.
Voy a alojarme en (7)____ chalet familiar con hombres amables que (8)____ en (9)____
Estados Unidos también. El chalet cobra (10)____ veinte euros (11)____ noche.
Cuando allí, hay (12)____ para hacer. Vamos a tomar (13)____ sol durante el día, y
(14)____ la noche, vamos a bailar y (15)____ de juerga. También, (16)____ encanta la
comida allí - los huevos (17)____ fantásticos. (18)____ a cenar en un restaurante
diferente cada noche.
Finalmente, (19)____ voy a ir a México porque quiero aprender (20)____ idioma -
español es fantástica.
Stem-Changing Verbs
Comnjugate the following verbs in the present tense.
1. Pensar
1...............
2...............
3...............
4...............
5...............
6...............
2. Tener
1...............
2...............
3...............
4...............
5...............
6...............
3. The following are all verbs you have learnt. Say if they are stem-changing, or not, and
say if they're E=>IE or O/U=>UE.
1. Jugar
2. Comer
3. Almorzar
4. Querer
5. Vivir
6. Cenar
7. Entender
8. Poder
Exercise answers
Dialogue
Raúl: Hi Sofía. Next week, I'm going to go to Italy.
Sofía: How are you going to get there? By train?
Raúl: No. I hate trains; they're very noisy.
Sofía: Of course. I prefer airplanes, too.
Raúl: Usually I go to Ireland, but I have a ticket for Italy.
Sofía: So, are you going to buy another ticket?
Raúl: No, Italy is good too. I can sunbathe and experience the native culture.
Sofía: How much time are you going to spend there?
Raúl: Two weeks. I'd like to spend a month, but I can't take myself a month off work.
Sofía: I understand. See you later!
1. Voy a comer a las seis.
2. Van a jugar al fútbol.
3. Va a almorzar a las seis.
4. Voy a peinarme a las tres.
5. Vamos a vivir en un piso en Inglaterra.
6. Va a llamarse Miguel.
7. ¿Vas a dormir a la una?
8. Vais a ser de Escocia.
9. Voy a tener doce años.
In the future...
1. Mañana por la mañana
2. Mañana por la noche
3. Pasado mañana
4. La semana que viene
5. El mes que viene
6. El año próximo
7. En el futuro
Holidays
1. que
2. a
3. a
4. pasar
5. me
6. un
7. viven
8. los
9. por
10. para
11. el
12. por
13. irnos
14. me
15. son
16. voy
17. el
Stem-Changing Verbs
Comnjugate the following verbs in the present tense.
1. Pensar
1. Pienso
2. Piensas
3. Piensa
4. Pensamos
5. Pensáis
6. Piensan
2. Tener
1. Tengo
2. Tienes
3. Tiene
4. Tenemos
5. Tenéis
6. Tienen
3. The following are all verbs you have learnt. Say if they are stem-changing, or not, and
say if they're E=>IE or O/U=>UE.
1. U=>UE stem changing verb
2. Regular verb
3. O=>UE stem changing verb
4. I=>IE stemn changing verb
5. Regular verb
6. Regular verb
7. I=>IE stem changing verb
8. O=>UE stem changing verb
9 ¿CUÁL ES TU TRABAJO?
Vocabulary
clients
customers
Dialogue
Raúl: Hola, Sofía. ¿Cuál es tu trabajo?
Sofía: Trabajo en una tienda.
Raúl: Vale.
Sofía: Y tú, ¿cuál es tu trabajo?
Raúl: Ah, soy profesor de inglés.
Sofía: ¡Qué bueno! ¿Hablas inglés nativamente?
Raúl: No, me encanta aprender idiomas.
Sofía: Sí, quiero aprender el inglés para mi trabajo, también. Siempre hay clientes que
quieren hablar en inglés. Es muy dfícil.
Rául: Sí, entiendo. ¡Adiós!
Jobs and ocupations
In Spanish, to say someone's job, you use ser ("to be"), followed by the name of the job
(some of which are given below). You use no articles - "I am dentist" (Soy dentista), rather
than "I am a dentist" like in English. To ask what someone else does for a living, you use the
phrase ¿Cuál es tu trabajo? (the name of this lesson).
So, some jobs:
Spanish Vocabulary
Jobs
Electrician
Electricista
Plumber
Plomero (m) or Plomera (f)
Builder
Constructor (m) or Constructora (f)
Teacher
Profesor (m) or Profesora (f)
Lawyer
Abogado (m) or Abogada (f)
Doctor
Médico (m) or Médica (f)
Dentist
Dentista
Engineer
Ingeniero (m) or Ingeniera (f)
Chef
Cocinero (m) or Cocinera (f)
Notes
• For some of the above jobs, there are two options: one for males and one for females.
For electricista and dentista, there is no difference between the genders. Even men can be
dentistas.
Examples
• Es dentista.
He's a dentist.
• ¿Vas a ser médico?
Are you going to be a doctor?
• Quiero ser abogada, pero cuesta mucho.
I want to be a lawyer, but it costs a lot.
• Son profesores de español así qué hablan español muy bien.
They're Spanish teachers so they speak Spanish really well.
• ¿Cuál es tu trabajo? ¿Eres electricista?
What do you work as? Are you an electrician?
A Few Important Words
At this point, we really need to go through a few important words that have been
overlooked in previous lessons, haven't really got a home, or have generally not got much
air-time. These are really important, and immediately raise your level of Spanish if you use
them.
Spanish Vocabulary
Little words
Too
Demasiado
Today
Hoy
Now
Ahora
In order to
Para
A lot
Mucho
That
Que
How
Qué
Currently
Actualmente
Always
Siempre
Notes
• Demasiado means "too" as in "I am too nice" (Soy demasiado amable). It also means
"too much" or "too many", as in "It costs too much" (Cuesta demasiado) or "It has too many
rooms" (Tiene demasiadas habitaciones). When it's used as a sort of adjective, it has to
agree with the noun.
• Para, in the sense "in order to" is always followed by the infinitive. Voy a ir a francia para
relajarme means "I'm going to France in order to relax".
• Mucho means "a lot" ("It has a lot of rooms" - tiene muchas habitaciones), but also "many"
("I live in many different houses" - vivo en muchas casas diferentes). Like demasiado, it has
to agree with the noun it describes.
• Qué means "how" only in the sense of "How fantastic!", ¡Qué fantástico!. Cómo is the
question word meaning "how".
• Don't confuse actualmente with "actually". It means currently.
Examples
• ¿Por qué vas a Canadá? ¿Para aprender el idioma?
Why are you going to Canada? In order to learn the language?
• Vivo en una casa adosada en Neuva Zelanda que tiene muchas habitaciones.
I live in a terrace in New Zealand that has many rooms.
• ¿Qué vas a comer ahora?
What are you going to eat now?
• Normalmente, quiere almorzar a la una menos cuarto, pero hoy, quiere comer a las
dos.
Normally, he wants to have lunch at quarter to one, but today, he wants to eat at two.
• ¿Van a jugar al tenis? ¡Qué fatal!
They're going to play tennis? How awful!
• Siempre ceno a las siete de la tarde.
I always dine at 7pm.
Workplaces
As well as what your job is, it would be undoubtedly useful to be able to say where you
work. A shop? An office? A factory?
To do this, you use the regular verb trabajar (trabajo, trabajas, trabaja, trabajamos,
trabajáis, trabajan), then our friend en (meaning "in"), then one of the options from this
table, or any other building or firm.
Another important little phrase to mention here is ganar dinero, meaning "to earn money".
It's regular, so is conjugated gano dinero, ganas dinero, gana dinero, ganamos dinero,
ganáis dinero, ganan dinero.
Spanish Vocabulary
Workplaces • Lugares de trabajo
An office
Una oficina
A factory
Una fábrica
A shop
Una tienda
A school
Un colegio
A restaurant
Un restaurante
A studio
Un taller
A garage
Un taller mecánico
Notes
• As part of this phrase, you can also use a company name (Trabajo en Tesco meaning "I
work at Tesco"), or even a country or place name (¿Trabajas en Alemania? meaning "Do
you work in Germany?").
Examples
• Trabajamos en un taller mecánico en España.
We work in a garage in Spain.
• Trabajo en una tienda que se llama Woolworths.
I work in a shop called Woolworths.
• ¿Dónde trabajas? ¿En un colegio? ¿Eres profesor?
Where do you work? In a school? Are you a teacher?
• Actualmente trabajo en una fábrica para ganar dinero.
I'm currently working in a factory, in order to earn money.
• Trabajan en una oficina, pero prefieren trabajar en restaurantes.
They work in an office, but they prefer working in restuarants.
The Future Tense
For the past two lessons, we have been using the phrase ir a to refer to the future. Now,
there is a real future tense in Spanish, which is formed by changing the verb itself, and is
translated at "will". It is formed thus:
[future stem][ending]
Let's explain this:
• The future stem is a form of the verb. Luckily for us, in most cases, it's the same as the
infinitive. So, for hablar (meaning "to talk"), the future stem is simply hablar.
• The endings are shown in the table below. You add them to the future
stem as suffixes.
Spanish Vocabulary
Suffixes • Sufijos
I
é
You
ás
He/She/It
á
We
emos
You all
éis
They
án
Notes
• Some verbs are have irregular future stems. Assume a verb is regular unless you know
otherwise. Of the verbs you have learnt so far, this only applies to three:
Tener ("to have"): tendré, tendrás, tendrá, tendremos, tendréis, tendrán
Poder ("to be able to"): podré, podrás, podrá, podremos, podréis, podrán
Querer ("to want"): querré, querrás, querrá, querremos, querréis, querrán
Examples
• Comeré una manzana.
I will eat an apple.
• Pasado mañana, ¿irás a las tiendas?
The day after tomorrow, will you go to the shops?
• Será fontanera.
She will be a plumber.
• El mes que viene, tendré ochenta años.
Next month, I will be 80.
• El año próximo, vivirán en una casa nueva.
Next year, they will live in a new house.
Summary
• How to say what you and others do for a living (soy ingeniero; son abogados)
• How to ask what someone does for a living (¿Cuál es tu trabajo?)
• How to say various little, but important words (que; demasiado; mucho)
• How to say various workplaces (una fábrica; un taller)
• How to form the future tense (podrán; querré; almorzaremos)
translate the dialogue at the top before moving on.
Exercises
The answers can be found in the next section. Jobs and occupations
Match the English to the Spanish.
1. Electricista a. Plumber
2. Fontanera b. Lawyer
3. Constructor c. Engineer
4. Abogado d. Electrician
5. Profesora e. Doctor
6. Médico f. Dentist
7. Concinera g. Teacher
8. Dentista h. Builder
9. Ingeniero i. Chef
Translate the following from English to Spanish and vice versa.
1. I have too many apples.
2. Hoy, trabajo en una tienda para ganar dinero.
3. You're a plumber? How fantastic!
4. Muchos niños quieren ser constructores.
5. I prefer men that play rugby.
6. De vez en cuando, quiero jugar al fútbol, pero no ahora.
7. Usually, we go swimming, but today, we're going to play tennis.
Workplaces
Complete the following sentences.
1. Soy profesora: trabajo en _____.
2. Es concinero: trabaja en _____.
3. No me gusta mi trabajo en _____, porque es demasiado ruidoso.
4. Odio mi trabajo en _____, porque es muy aburrido. No hay mucho para hacer.
5. Trabajamos en _____ que se llama Harrods. Siempre es animado y ¡me encanta
hablar!
The Future Tense
Rewrite the following sentences, so that the verb is in the future tense.
1. Voy a Canadá
2. Trabajamos en un restaurante en la ciudad.
3. ¿Ganas veinte euros por hora? ¡Qué bueno!
4. Tienen cuarenta y ocho años.
5. Quiero dormir.
6. ¿Jugáis al tenis?
7. Va a Irlanda para experimentar una cultura diferente.
8. Soy ingeniera.
Exercise answers
Dialogue
Raúl: Hi, Sofía. What do you do for a living?
Sofía: I work in a shop.
Raúl: Ok.
Sofía: What about you, what do you do for a living?
Raúl: Ah, I'm an English teacher.
Sofía: Great! Do you speak English natively?
Raúl: No, I love learning new languages.
Sofía: Yeah, I want to learn English for my job, too. There are always customers who want
to speak English. It's very difficult.
Ruál: Yeah, I understand. Goodbye!
Jobs and occupations
1. d
2. a
3. h
4. b
5. g
6. e
7. i
8. f
9. c
1. Tengo demasiadas manzanas.
2. Today, I'm working in a shop to earn some money.
3. ¿Eres fontanero? ¡Qué fantástico!
4. Many boys want to be builders.
5. Prefiero hombres que juegan al rugby.
6. Occassionally, I want to play football, but not now.
7. Usualmente, practicamos la natación, pero hoy, vamos a jugar al tenis.
Workplaces
1. Un colegio
2. Un restaurante
3. Un taller mecánico; una fábrica
4. Una oficina
5. Una tienda
The Future Tense
1. Iré a Canadá
2. Trabajaremos en un restaurante en la ciudad.
3. ¿Ganarás veinte euros por hora? ¡Qué bueno!
4. Tendrán cuarenta y ocho años.
5. Querré dormir.
6. ¿Jugaréis al tenis?
7. Irá a Irlanda para experimentar una cultura diferente.
8. Seré ingeniera.
The end
This book was created on 2003-08-02 by ThomasStrohmann and was developed on the Wikibooks project by the
contributors listed in the next section. It was the first language book on Wikibooks. During December 2006, it underwent a
complete archive and rewrite by Celestianpower. The latest version may be found at http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Spanish.
PDF Information & History

This PDF was created on 2007-07-15 based on the 2007-07-14 version of the Spanish Wikibook. A transparent copy of this
document is available at Wikibooks:Spanish/Print version. The SXW source of this PDF document is available at
Wikibooks:Image:Spanish.sxw. The template from which the document was created is available at Wikibooks:Image:PDF
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