BUILDING TECHNOLOGY I

BLD61403

PROJECT 1 MEMBER
INDUSTRIALISED BUILDING SEOW KOJI TAKEHIRA 0320816
LIAW YAU VERN 0326627
SYSTEM LU CHIAO ER 0326947
HENG RUI YING 0326639
NG JI YANN 0323713

TUTOR
MR.MOHAMMAD RIZAL
CONTENT

1 Concepts and Framework…………………………………………03 4 Drawings…………………………………………………………38

1.1 Introduction to IBS 4.1 Architectural Plan
1.2 Types of IBS System 4.2 Roof Plan
1.3 Proposed IBS System 4.3 Elevations
1.4 Precedent Study 4.4 Door And Window Schedule
4.5 Sections A

2 IBS Components ………………………………………………………13 4.6 Sectional Perspective A

4.7 Axonometric Drawing
2.1 Cast-in-situ RC Foundation 4.8 Foundation Plan
2.2 Slab 4.9 1st-2nd Structure Plan
2.3 Column and Beam 4.10 Roof Structure Plan
2.4 Dry Wall System 4.11 Structural Section B
2.5 Wall Cladding
2.6 Prefab Metal Roof Truss
2.7 Prefab Steel Staircase 5 IBS Score Calculation………………………………………53

3 Sequence Of Construction………………………………………27 6 Conclusion………………………………………………………55

3.1 Construction Process On-Site
3.2 Construction Process Of Model 7 References………………………………………………………56
1
Components

1.1 Introduction to IBS

1.2 Types of IBS System
1.3 Proposed IBS System
1.4 Precedent Study
And Framework

3
CONCEPTS AND FRAMEWORK

1.1 Introduction to IBS

The term “IBS” is known as Industrialised Building System. It is a method of construction where the fabrication of construction
components is mass produced in factories or site factories. The components are fabricated under a strict and controlled
environment, ensuring quality control and consistency of each components. These components are transported, positioned and
assembled on site with the least of additional site work. Besides, the usage of this system has been beneficial to the construction
industry. It leads to a faster contruction time, reducing in site labour and lower construction cost. Hence, reducing the wastage of
materials and also gives a cleaner environment on site.

IBS can be classified into two types of systems which is open system and close system. Open system is the usage of IBS
components from various manufacturers. Whereares, a close system is the usage of IBS components only from a single
manufacturer.

In Malaysia, IBS was introduced since 1960s. Malaysia Government has started the implementation of IBS in their construction
contract and roadmap for IBS. A declaration has been made by the Malaysian Government that every government projects must
contain at least 70% of IBS in construction work.

4
 CONCEPTS AND FRAMEWORK

1.2 Types of IBS Systems

With the availability of different types of building materials. Malaysia
incorporates the usage of these building materials in the IBS systems.
The most popularly used common IBS systems in Malaysia are:
precast system, steel formwork system, steel framing system, block
work system and prefabricated timber framing system.
Precast concrete framing
1.2.1 Precast System
Precast system is the usage of concrete components which are cured
and manufactured in factories under high quality control. It will then
be transported to site for installation. This system can be categorised
into 3 types of components which are framing, panel and box
components. Precast systems are designed, manufactured and
supervised to ensure the consistency of each components. This
system is a repetitive production thereby the cost of formwork can
be reduced compared to cast-in-situ productions.

Precast concrete panels

Precast concrete boxes 5

CONCEPTS AND FRAMEWORK

1.2.2 Steel Formwork System

Formwork is a temporary or permanent mold which holds the

concrete mixture for curing. Steel formwork system are usually
involved in site casting, these formworks are needed to maintain a
constant quality control. It is also known to be the least
prefabrication or at the lowest level of the IBS system. This system Tunnel steel formwork
offers high quality finished and rapid construction without the need
many site labours and materials. Temporary formworks are mainly
used for moulding forms such as tunnel forms, tilt-up systems, beam
and columns. However, metal decks is a permanent steel formwork.

Column steel formwork

Metal deck 6
CONCEPTS AND FRAMEWORK

1.2.3 Steel Framing System

Steel framing construction is also known as steel fabrication. This

system commonly used with precast concrete slabs, steel columns
and beams. This system is commonly used for skyscrapers due to its
rapid erection on site. Light steel trusses has been widely used in the
recent construction development, consisting of cold-formed
channels and steel portal frame systems used as alternatives.

Steel framing system

Portal frame
7
CONCEPTS AND FRAMEWORK

1.2.4 Block Work System

Block work system is an alternative system to the traditional brick

laying technique. The conventional brick method has been
developed with interlocking concrete masonry units (CMU) and
lightweight concrete blocks. This block works are larger than the
conventional bricks and concrete blocks. Whereas to make them
lighter, a hollow core is introduced, also to improve insulation
capacity. This system is convenient and cost effective additional
finishes are needed for water resistance and aesthetics purposes.

Block work system

8
CONCEPTS AND FRAMEWORK

1.2.5 Prefabricated Timber Framing System

Timber structures played an important role in local traditional

buildings and are time consuming. This system has eased the
process of constructing timber framed buildings. Prefabricated
timber frame structure consists of timber frames and roof trusses. It
is cost efficient and are usually made up of multiple wooden
modules. Besides, timber framing systems have their own niche and
can offer interesting aesthetical values to buildings. Glued laminated
timber (Glulam) is an example of prefabricated timber which can
function as both beam and column.

Glued Laminated Timber

9
Prefabricated Timber Framing System Prefabricated Timber Roof Truss
CONCEPTS AND FRAMEWORK

1.3 Proposed IBS System

Steel framing system and steel framework system are selected as our proposed IBS system for this apartment block due to its
strength, low weight, and speed of construction. This system has the ability to create large span spaces at low cost for industrial
and warehouse buildings. However, the residential buildings uses light gauge steel construction method. This method allows easy
modification for temporary structures and also is a better alternative compared to wood frame construction.

Type of Steel Framing System Construction

a) Conventional Steel Fabrication Conventional Steel Fabrication
- This system may be done completely at the construction site,
which is labour intensive, or partially in a workshop to
provide better working conditions and reduce time.

b) Bolted Steel Construction

- This preferred method of steel construction as the bulk of the
fabrication can be done in workshops with the right machinery, Bolted Steel Construction
lighting, and work conditions.

c) Light Gauge Steel Construction

- This is similar to wood frame construction, except that light gauge
steel members are used in place of wood two-by- fours. 

Light Gauge Steel Construction

10
CONCEPTS AND FRAMEWORK

Advantages of Steel Framing System

- Rapid erection
- Flexible, can resist dynamic forces such as wind or earthquake forces
- Ready-made structural sections available, such as I, C, and angled sections
- Variable to take any kind of shape, and clad with any type of material
- Variety of joint connections, such as bolting, welding, and riveting
- Recyclable and energy efficient
- Minimal site disturbance
- Less site wastage
- Low cost

Disadvantages of Steel Framing System

- Loses strength at high temperatures, and susceptible to fire.
- Prone to corrosion in humid or marine environments
- High maintenance costs
- High fireproofing costs
- Susceptible to buckling
- Fatigue and brittle

Steel framing system is also very popular and are used in many developed countries such as United Kingdom, Japan, Germany
and Australia. This system is more mechanised and involves the use of structural components, that are produced off-site to
speed up construction and requires less manual work-on-site. Thereby, this system is applied to our apartment block. The floor
metal decking however uses a permanent steel formwork which is then cast on with concrete forming a composite steel metal
decking slab.

11
CONCEPTS AND FRAMEWORK

1.4 Precedent Study

Royal Malaysian Customs Office & Residential Complex Kelana Jaya
Function of Building: Accommodation For Custom Staffs
Location : Kelana Jaya ,Selangor
Year Completion : 2004
Owner : Jabatan Kastam Dan Eksais Diraja Malaysia
Kuala Lumpur
Architect : Garis Architect Sdn.Bhd
Consulting Engineer : Perwaja Structural Engineer Sdn.Bhd
Contractor : Maju Holding Sdn.Bhd
Manufacturer : Perwaja Steel Sdn.Bhd
IBS System : Steel Framing System

The office and residential complex located in Kelana Jaya is a mixed-development that accommodates for the Custom
Malaysia staff. The building uses steel framing system. This high-rise building located at the corner of Lebuhraya
Damansara Puchong (LDP) and Jalan SS5/18. The structural system of the high-rise building applied reinforcement
concrete core walls located at the center and side of this particular building. For this project, the frame action of the
rigid construction frame alone was not sufficient to maintain its lateral stability. Therefore , independent lateral stability
such as a shear wall was needed to increase the stiffness of the overall building.The erection of the bare steel structure
for 1 apartment floor only took about 4 days.

12
CONCEPTS AND FRAMEWORK
Component IBS Analysis
Factors

Wall: In-situ concrete with reusable 0.5 Partial IBS Factors

system formwork

Roof: Prefab metal Roof Truss 1.0 Full IBS Factors

Structural System: Steel Column 0.9 Full IBS Factors

and Beam

*0.1-0.5 as Partial IBS Factors , 0.6-1.0 as Full IBS Factors

Table Of IBS Factor Structural Steelworks Of The Building

Conventional Precast Components

Construction

Foundation Prefab Steel Staircases

Column & Beam Prefab metal Roof Truss

In-situ concrete with reusable system

formwork

Prefab Concrete Slab

Prefab Shear Wall

Table Of Conventional Construction & Precast Components Shear Walls Are Employed To Provide Lateral
Stability Of The Building
13
2  
 
 
 
 
 
IBS Components
2.1 Foundation
2.2 Slab
2.3 Column and Beam
2.4 Wall Cladding
2.5 Dry Wall System
2.6 Prefab Metal Roof Truss
       2.7 Staircase

14
IBS COMPONENTS

2.1 Cast-in-situ RC Foundation

Construction Method : Cast-in-situ
Material : Reinforced Concrete

Cast-in-situ reinforced concrete bearing pad foundation is a type of

pad foundation that uses reinforced concrete as the pad material.
Reinforced concrete pads are similar to the mass concrete pads but
for the same conditions can be thinner when reinforced with steel.
To reduce the thickness of the pad foundation, bar reinforcement at
the bottom-section of the pad shall be considered to resist bending
moment from structural loads.
Reinforced Concrete Bearing Pad
The addition of reinforcement allows for relatively wide but Foundation Details
shallow pad foundation. In order to make the reinforcing cage easier
to construct and place, the pads are designed as a square plan area.
The reinforced concrete base is designed to span in one direction
with the main bars longitudinal in the bottom. Where the width of
the base is restricted or when there is inclined loading, rectangular
pads can be designed.

Reinforced Concrete Bearing Pad Foundations is selected because it

allows reduction of thickness for the foundation, which makes it
more economical, and require less excavation as well.

15
IBS COMPONENTS

2.2 Slab
Construction Method : IBS - Steel Framework System
Material : Steel and Reinforced Concrete
IBS Factor : 0.9 / Full IBS Factor

Composite metal decking is constructed of slabs and beams. Shear Studs

Reinforced concrete are casted on top of a profiled steel metal Wire Mesh Concrete Slab
decking, which acts as a permanent steel formwork during
construction and an external reinforcement at the final stage. This
eradicates the need for props, and is a malleable reinforcement for
the slab. The decking may be either re-entrant or trapezoidal.
Additional reinforcing bars are in the decking troughs, particularly for
deep decking. A shallow decking is required when heavy loads are Composite
combined with high periods of fire resistance. In case of a fire, steel I Beam Metal Decking
bars are embedded in concrete slabs, preventing cracking and
safeguards against the degradation of the decking. Composite Metal Decking Detail

Composite metal decking is suitable for our building due to its

strength and stiffness with the minimum use of materials. Concrete
has high compressive strength whereas steel has high tensile
strength. The reduced self weight of composite elements reduces the
forces in those supporting components, including the foundations.
The reduction of floor depth can be achieved using composite metal
decking and also reduces costs of maintenance.

16
IBS COMPONENTS

Fabrication Process

The fabrication process steel metal decking uses a simple formwork.

Steel deck roll forming machines are used for this fabrication. A
decoiler decoils the steel roll and transfers to the steel deck roll
forming machine. The profile is patterned and rolled on to a flat strip.
The profile of the metal decking is configured to provide a shear key
between the decking and concrete slabs. Trapezoidal profiles are
commonly used as it is cost-efficient and is suitable for a wide range
Steel rolls for the fabrication of the steel
of applications.
metal decking

Steel deck roll forming machine

Fabrication machineries for metal steel decking 17

Trapezoidal profile steel metal decking
IBS COMPONENTS

2.3 Column and Beam

Construction Method : IBS - Steel Framing System
Material : Steel Column and Beam
IBS Factor : 0.9 / Full IBS Factors

Column and beam steel frame structures have a skeleton of steel

connected by bolts or welds that act as the support for the rest of
the building. A column and b eam frame can b e b raced or
continuous.A braced frame has a web of smaller members acting to
stabilize and provide rigidity to the frame, which is generally a simple
pin connection. Bracing is added horizontally or vertically to the main
frame, often in shaped patterns to facilitate transferring load stresses.

Various prefabricated beam sections are available to be used in the Steel Column to Foundation Details, (A)
construction multi storey steel frame structure. Beams commonly Top bolt places created in base plate, (B)
transfer loads from floors and roof to the columns.There are various Side view of column base to foundation
sizes of steel column section to choose and these steel columns are
commonly produced in advance.The most significant point in column
installation is the connection between foundation and column and
splices between columns.

The reason for using steel column and beam in our apartment
design ,production of structural steel beams means minimum waste
during construction, which is advantageous for cost saving.Moreover,
steel can be fire proofed by using specialty coatings which inhibit
steel deterioration in case of fire 18
IBS COMPONENTS

Fabrication Process

It is heated in a rotary hearth heating furnace and then pierced by a

piercer. The pierced billet or hollow shell is rolled by a mandrel mill
to reduce the outside diameter and wall thickness which forms a
multiple length mother tube. The mother tube is reheated and
further reduced to specified dimensions by the stretch reducer. The
tube is then cooled, cut, straightened and subjected to finishing and
inspection processes.

Cooling Bed

Production process for structural I-Beam Reheating Process 19

IBS COMPONENTS

2.4 Dry Wall System

Construction Method : IBS - Dry Wall System

Material : Steel Stud, Gypsum board
IBS Factor : 1.0 / Full IBS Factor

Dry wall is a type of cladding system in which the panels are made
of Gypsum board, which has a non- combustible core. The gypsum
board is applied over metal framing.
Application of dry wall system
Drywall panels can be installed over wood or metal framing, using
coarse-thread screws for wood and fine-thread screws for metal.
The application applies to the ceilings first, followed by the walls.
Panels typically are run vertically on walls which are makes finishing
easier, but they can also go horizontally. 

Dry Wall System

20
IBS COMPONENTS

Fabrication Process

Fabrication of drywall consists of placing the gypsum core material

between two layers of paper, drying the product, and finishing it into
panels of standard size. Firstly, the mixture is placed into a tube or
ball mill together with accelerators, that quicken gypsum retarding.
The slurry is then sandwiched between two long paper sheets that
serve as a mold. Slurry layer is embraced with ready paper that is
slowly transform from heavy paper control device. After finished
gypsum products become rigid what gives the possibility to trim it Dry Wall Fabrication Machine
correctly at board end sawing area.

A roller conveyor machine cuts the jumbo-sized gypsum sheet into

regular boards.The boards are transform into a dispenser. After
drying, the gypsum boards are delivered into the roller conveyer
machine, which cut the boards edges precisely and forms its shape.

Materials of Dry Wall

21
IBS COMPONENTS

2.5 Wall Cladding System

Construction Method : IBS - Wall Cladding System
Material : Steel
IBS Factor : 1.0 / Full IBS Factor

Wall cladding is the covering of panels of different materials at the

exterior of the building. It is functioned to maintain the structure,
frame and exterior walls of the building, certain panel systems are
applied. The panels are installed over other materials used in
construction. 

Wall cladding systems protect the exterior and the frame of the Steel wall cladding system detail
building. Indirectly, cladding systems protect the interior of an
architectural construction as well. Besides the protection of a
cladding system, it also increases the aesthetic appeal of a building.
With the choice materials, patterns and finishes, cladding systems are
used to achieve a modern and minimalistic look.

Gypsum wall panels are used for the internal walls, because it is
strong and provide excellent stability and durability, as well as being
fire resistive. The gypsum panels are relatively large, resulting in ease
of installation. Apart from that, the drywall system effectively controls
sound transmission within the spaces.
Galvalume, an example of steel wall
cladding panel 22
IBS COMPONENTS

Fabrication Process

The fabrication for steel wall panels are similar to the fabrication of metal decking which uses a decoiler and a cold form
rolling machine.

1. A decoiler is used to decoil the roll of metal sheets 2. A cold form rolling machine is used for this
fabrication process

3. The decoiled metal sheets goes thru the form rolling machine 4. The panel is then cut according to the required
and the profile of the panel is shaped. specifications 23
IBS COMPONENTS

2.6 Prefabricated Metal Roof Truss

Construction Method : IBS - Steel Framing System
Material : Metal Roof Truss
IBS Factor : 1.0 / Full IBS Factors

Prefabricated roof truss have replaced the skill of carpentry timber roof. Steel trusses could be easily installation and lifted
up. Steel trusses builds the strong base for either bridge or buildings . Different steel roof truss designs are designed
depending upon the shape of the structure. Parallel, triangular trusses, and trapezoidal trusses are the most common truss
design. Parallel trusses are used for deep roofs, whereas triangular are usually employed in the trusses with steep
pitches.The number of trusses required for shed roof truss depends upon the length of the roof.

Steel roof trusses has many advantages although it is more expensive than wooden trusses, but they are long-lasting than
timber trusses and require less maintenance. Steel frames can also be recycled easily and are environmental friendly.
Although steel frame roof trusses require more skill to install, an experienced team should be able to fit them quickly and
efficiently.

Triangular steel truss also known as howe truss 24

IBS COMPONENTS

Knee Bracing

Knee bracing is a support connection. It prevents moment connection at the beam-column junction. Due to vertical loads, knee
bracings are designed under compression. However, due to lateral loads, knee bracing may be under compression or tension,
depending upon the direction of the lateral load. Hence, knee bracing and its connection with the beam-column are to be
designed for compressive load as well as for tensile loads.

At the junction of the knee bracing, force in the knee bracing may be resolved in two components which are horizontal &
vertical. These components will cause bending in the beam & column. Hence, beam and column are to be designed for bending
at the junction of knee bracing.

Knee bracing is a suitable connection for our apartment block to resist the wind and seismic forces. Steel knee bracing is
economical, easy to erect, occupies less space and has flexibility to meet the required strength and stiffness.

Truss

Rafter

Knee Bracing
Column

Knee Bracing Details 25

IBS COMPONENTS

Fabrication Process

Steel roof trusses are typically assembled on large metal or wood

tables. The tables are fitted with pins and clamp fixtures that hold the
truss pieces in place. Chords and webs are placed in the jig, and then
drilled using self-tapping hexagonal screws. After the jig has been
completed, it typically takes two experienced workers a short time to
lay out the material attach them with screws. Ideally, the truss is
loaded directly on the delivery truck. However, when this is not
possible, the completed trusses are stacked, banded and stored in
the truss yard, either vertically or horizontally. When hauling steel
trusses, they are stacked along their bottom chord and secured at
the top with additional pieces of light gauge track or stud.

Fabrication Process of Steel Roof Truss

26
IBS COMPONENTS

2.7 Prefabricated Steel Staircase

Construction Method : IBS - Steel Framing System
Material : Steel

Precast stair slabs are usually designed to span longitudinally into

the landings at right angles to the stair lights or span between
supporting beams. The stair slab can be designed with continuous
end restraints over the supports. But in instances where staircase are
precast, the construction is generally carried out after the main
structure, with pockets or recesses left in the supporting slabs or
beams to receive the stair flights.

Steel staircase giving a modern aesthetic sense trends in modern

architecture have tended to lean towards sleek minimalist designs of
which steel lends itself perfectly. Compare to others type of
material ,steel is more economical and longevity. A huge timber
staircase requires a lot amount of lumber and it’s non-
recyclable ,whereas steel is one of the most recycled materials in the
world with a global recycling rate of over 60%.Steel stairs will look
better, last longer and provide you with far greater protection than a
wooden alternative.

27
Steel Staircases
IBS COMPONENTS

Fabrication Process

The fabrication team utilizes a variety of heavy equipment to

manufacture the platform and stairs. Plate processors, beam lines and
thermal cutters are just some of the enormously powerful machines
used to cut, trim and bend the metal in this part of the process. Then,
the internal skeleton of the structure is assembled using state-of-the-
art welding equipment. In particular, I-beams are connected in a grid
pattern, with braced-frame and suitable truss connections, added for
reinforcement wherever necessary.

Last, the floor plating and other sheathing is attached along with any
specific detailing noted in the plans. A carefully crafted set of plans is Stringer and runs are prefabricated off-site
essential to keeping this part of the process as simple as possible and
any time spent on them will help to avoid costly errors and time
delays.The stringers and runs are prefabricated off-site and are then
brought to site to be installed.

The components are then brought to site and

installed before the railings 28
3  
Sequence Of Construction
3.1 Construction Method On-Site
3.2 Construction Process Of Model

29
SEQUENCE OF CONSTRUCTION

3.1 Construction Process On-Site

3.1.1 Installation of Steel Frame Structure Foundation

Steel framed structure construction begins with the construction of

its foundation. Generally, the types of foundation required for the
given structure is based on the soil bearing capacity. Soil
investigation including surface and subsurface exploration are used
to assess the condition of soil on which steel frame structure. For
example, when moderate or low loads are imposed, it is advised to
use reinforced concrete bearing pads or strip foundation. These
foundation types transfer loads to soil capable of supporting
transferred loads. Reinforcement concrete bearing pad
foundation transfer loads to soil capable of
supporting transferred loads.

30
SEQUENCE OF CONSTRUCTION

Installation Process

1. Clearing the site then pegging the site with correct position of foundation.

2. Excavation commences from the reduce level, down to the desired level (soffit of footing with
allowance for thickness of lean concrete).

3. Lay a layer of lean concrete to prepare a clean and firm base for the footing.

4. Build the formwork to the side of pad footing and supported by other wood to prevent the
formwork collapse when the concrete is being pour into it.

31
SEQUENCE OF CONSTRUCTION

Installation Process

5. Spacer blocks are placed before 9. Concrete will set and curing
reinforcements been laid. This is to provide shall be performed to avoid
sufficient concrete cover for rebars. excessive lost of water during
hardening. When the concrete
has gained sufficient strength,
formwork can be dismantled.
6. Rebars were bent and tied before the
whole thing been lowered and placed
inside the formwork. Make sure the steel is
place properly on spacer blocks, avoid
touching the lean concrete below.

7. Stump reinforcements are then erected.

Length of rebars should be extended
beyond stump level and act as starter bars
for column above.

8. Provide addition ties to formwork, if

necessary.

32
SEQUENCE OF CONSTRUCTION

3.1.2 Installation of Steel Column Construction

The next step of steel frame construction is the placement of steel columns. The section of the steel is specified based on the
load imposed. There are various sizes of steel column section to choose and these steel columns are commonly produced in
advance. The most significant point in column installation is the connection between foundation and column and splices
between columns. Regarding foundation to column joints, base plates are welded to the end of columns. The most desired
shape of base plate is square and rectangular shape.

33
SEQUENCE OF CONSTRUCTION

Installation Process

1.Place Column form panels on 2.Assemble two panels in L shape 3.Fasten a triangle connector on the
floor and fix accessories using L connectors L-shaped column form previously
assembled

4.Assemble L-shaped column form 5.Lift L-shaped column form onto 6.Build columnar form by fastening
into cuneal shape and fasten installation place using a lifting device connectors of two L-shaped forms
accessories and adjust vertical alignment
34
 SEQUENCE OF CONSTRUCTION

3.1.3 Installation of Slab Construction

1. Metal deck is placed on top of steel beam which connection between partial-
steel depth deck panels and steel beam framing is made using welded stud shear
deck connectors in the gap between adjacent panels.

stud shear

2. BRC mesh is installed upper side of steel deck and steel plate placed
steel around the edge of steel beam act as formwork for concrete cast-in.
rebar Steel formwork was secured by steel rebars to ensure no collapse during
concrete work.
BRC mesh steel
plate

3. Preps done which concrete will be poured in to fill metal deck ,BRC
mesh and steel rebars as a permanent formwork.

Cast-in-
situ

35
SEQUENCE OF CONSTRUCTION

3.1.4 Installation of Dry Wall and Wall Cladding Construction

Dry Wall (Interior)

top
track
Wall Insulation Gypsum
bottom track wall board
1. Erect the steel stud frame with 2. All electrical / plumbing / 3. Gypsum wall board will be screw
vertical stud secured by top and insulation materials have been fix to each stud along recessed
bottom track which prevent twisting installed between vertical studs edges, beginning at the centre of the
of stud. before sheeting second side. sheet and w orki n g t o w a r d s t h e
ends.Fix at top and bottom of the
wall, but do not fix through top and
bottom tracks.

36
SEQUENCE OF CONSTRUCTION

3.1.4 Installation of Dry Wall and Wall Cladding Construction

Wall Cladding (Exterior)

wall
batten
sheathing board insulation metal deck

1. Sheathing board is attached to 2. Batten applied on the 3. Metal deck with vertical run will be
the external face of the infill walls to sheathing board before infill attached on wall batten by wall ties
provide for weather resistance . insulation within the adjacent which exterior cladding work is done.
spaces for cladding work.

37
SEQUENCE OF CONSTRUCTION

3.1.5 Installation of Steel Staircase construction

Steel bracket

1. Prefabrication staircase brought 2. Steel brackets at the beginning 3. Railing included

from factory which structurally with stringer are bolted to the foundation balusters steel bars,
tread ,platform (formed steel plate) using concrete anchors. These will be welded to treads and
and stringers (steel tube). used to catch the legs at the back of the platform ,top channel
stairs. capped by handrail.

38
SEQUENCE OF CONSTRUCTION

3.1.6 Installation of Prefabricated Roof Truss System

1. The roof trusses are bolted onto 2. C section purlins are then bolted 3. Roof insulations are placed in
the column and a knee bracing is onto the trusses’ metal plates between the C purlins and the top is
also added for support. which are prefabricated. layered with vapour sheathing for
waterproofing.

4. A ledger is placed at end of the roof 5. Fascia boards are capped at the end of
purlins securing the vapour sheathing the purlins and also are used to hold the 39
and roof deck. rain gutter.
SEQUENCE OF CONSTRUCTION

3.2 Construction Process On Model

1. Setting up of foundation. 2. Column placed on foundations. 3. Beams are also erected with the columns.

4. Staircase component prepared. 6. Staircase, column and beams are erected.

5. Staircase component placed onto site.

40
SEQUENCE OF CONSTRUCTION

7. Placement of prefab roof truss. 8. Floor slabs and other roof finishes are 9. Roof details.
placed.

12 Internal wall: Dry wall system.

10. External walls and internal walls are 11. External wall: wall cladding system.
erected.

41
4 Drawing
  4.1 Architectural Plan
4.2 Roof Plan
4.3 Elevations
4.4 Door And Window Schedule
4.5 Sections A
4.6 Sectional Perspective A
4.7 Axonometric Drawing
4.8 Foundation Plan
4.9 1st-2nd Structure Plan
4.10 Roof Structure Plan
4.11 Structural Section B

42
5 IBS Score calculation

58
IBS SCORE CONSTRUCTION
ELEMENTS AREA (m2) IBS FACTOR COVERAGE IBS SCORE
PART 1: STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

Prefabricated Steel Roof Truss

232.96 1.0 232.96
Steel column & beam with in-situ 931.84 = 0.25 50 x 0.25 x 1.0 = 12.5
concrete on permanent metal
formwork.

Total Area= 232.96 x 3 storeys

= 698.88
698.88 0.9 698.88 50 x 0.75 x .0.9 = 33.75
931.84 = 0.75
Total Part 1 931.84 1.0 46.25
PART 2 : WALL SYSTEM

Internal wall : Dry wall system

Total length = 56.9 x 3 storeys
= 170.7m 170.7 1.0 170.7 20 x 0.44 x 1.0 = 8.8
390.9 = 0.44
External wall : cladding system
Total length : 73.4 x 3 storeys 220.2
= 220.2m 220.2 1.0 390.9 = 0.56 20 x 0.56 x 1.0 = 11.2
Total Part 2 390.9 1.0 20

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IBS SCORE CONSTRUCTION
ELEMENTS AREA (m2) IBS FACTOR COVERAGE IBS SCORE
PART 3 : OTHER SIMPLIFIED
CONSTRUCTION METHOD

75% door dimension complies to MS 1064 75% 4

Part 10 : 2001

60% window dimension complies to MS

1064 Part 10 : 2001 60% 2

0% wall dimension complies to MS 1064

Part 10 : 2001 0% 2

Horizontal repetition of structural = 100%

Vertical repetition of structural floor layout 100% 2

= 100%

Repetition of floor to floor height = 100% 100% 2

100% 2
Total Part 3 14
IBS contents score of projects (Part 1, Part 80.25
2 and Part 3)

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6 Conclusion

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CONCLUSION

IBS has known to be beneficial in the construction industry. Hence, with the use of the IBS score calculation, a
It has many advantages that leads to the efficiency of systematic and structured assessment allows us to identify
erecting a building. Besides, IBS systems such as steel frame whether our apartment building fulfils the IBS score
structure and steel framework system are beneficial due to benchmark. With the usage of standard dimensions and
it’s lightweight properties and flexibility which allows the fulfilling the requirements as stated in MS1064. Our
fabrication process to be conducted fast and easy. For building has achieved a total IBS score of 80.25/100.
example, steel framing systems are long-lasting and Thereby it is shown that this building has achieved the
recyclable. Although there are limitations due to material following attributes which emphasises on the usage of
properties, however several treatment methods can help prefabricated precast components, off-site components,
solve this issue. the use of standardised components, repeatability and is
designed using a modular-coordination concept.
This assignment has allowed us to have a clearer and
deeper understanding towards what an IBS system is. Also,
by proposing a certain IBS system proposal on our
apartment building, it has cultivated an in depth knowledge
on the proposed IBS system, which is the steel framing
system and steel framework system. Besides, with the
construction of a physical model. We are able to get a grasp
on the prefabrication process and the ‘on-site’ assembling
of the model which resembles the actual site construction
itself. This has also allows us further understand on how
each components are joined up and connected to one and
another.

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7 Reference

63
REFERENCE

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https://theconstructor.org/structures/construction-steel-structure-foundations-columns-beams-floors/18648/
2. Mishra, G. (2017, November 13). What are Methods of Steel Structure Design? Retrieved April 5, 2018, from
1https://theconstructor.org/structural- engg/methods-of-steel-structure-design/6876/
3. Guide to Steel Framed Construction. (n.d.). Retrieved March 6, 2018, from http://www.jvglobal.com.au/upload/NASH_-
_Buyers_Guide_to_Steel_Framed_Housing.pdf
4. Structural Steel Design & Construction. (n.d.). Retrieved April 5, 2018, from (n.d.). Retrieved April 4, 2018, from
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Drywall.pdf
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http://www.detallesconstructivos.net/en/category/structures/floor-slabs?page=2
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purlins-girts-design.pdf
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