Engg. Build. Design

PERFORMANCE OF P.E.B.
UNDER GROUND MOTION
INDEX
CONTENT
PAGE NO.
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS

LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF FIGURES
ABSTRACT
SYNOPSIS
1.
INTODUCTION
1.1 General
1.2 Classification of Buildings
1.2.1 Reinforced Cement Concrete Buildings
1.2.2 Steel Buildings
1.2.3 Timber Buildings
1.3 Classification of Steel Buildings
1.3.1 Conventional Steel Buildings
1.3.2 Pre Engineered Steel Buildings
1.4 Objective of the Study
2. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF AN INDUSTRIAL BUILDING.
2.1 Load Analysis.
2.2 Design of Purlin.
2.3 Design of Principal Rafter.
2.4 Design of Tie Member.
2.5 Design of Compression Members.
2.6 Design of Tension Members.
2.7 Design of Column & Column Base.
3. CONCEPT OF PRE ENGINEERED STEEL BUILDINGS
3.1 Pre Engineered Building
3.1.1 Introduction
3.1.2 Features and Advantages
3.1.3 Benefits of PEB
3.1.4 Applications of PEB
3.2 Profile of PEB
3.2.1 PEB Prospects in World
3.2.2 PEB Prospects in India
3.2.4 PEB Prospects in Andhra Pradesh
3.2.4 Market Potential of PEB
3.2.5 Future of PEB
PERFORMANCE OF P.E.B. UNDER GROUND MOTION
4. TECHNICAL PARAMETERS OF PEB

4.1 Breadth or Span
4.2 Length of the building
4.3 Building Height
4.4 Roof slope
4.5 Design loads
4.6 Bay Spacing
4.7 Types of Frames
4.8 Sub Systems
5. COMPONENTS OF PEB
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Primary Components
54.3 Secondary Components
5.4 Sheeting or Cladding
5.5 Accessories
6. DESIGN OF PRE ENGINEERED STEEL BUILDING
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Design Cycle
7. PRE ENGINEERED FOR SUCCESS AND SCOPE OF FUTURE STUDY
7.1 Tracking Growth of PEB
7.2 Scope for Future Study
8. COMPARISION BETWEEN
PRE ENGINEERED
CONVENTIONAL STEEL BUILDING
9. CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
ABSTRACT
BUILDING AND
Steel is the material of choice for design because it is inherently ductile and flexible.
It flexes under extreme loads rather than crushing and crumbling. Structural steels low cost,
strength, durability, design flexibility, adaptability and recyclability continue to make it the
material of choice in building construction. Fast construction lowers overhead expenses for
construction management services. Steel is extensively used in the construction of industrial
buildings of large spans with or without cranes (medium and heavy buildings), where the
concrete construction is not feasible.
In structural engineering, a pre-engineered building (PEB) is designed by a
manufacturer to be fabricated using a pre-determined inventory of raw materials and
manufacturing methods that can efficiently satisfy a wide range of structural and aesthetic
design requirements. Pre-engineered steel buildings can be fitted with different structural
accessories including mezzanine floors, canopies, fascias, interior partitions etc. and the
building is made water proof by use of special mastic beads, filler strips and trims.
In pre-engineered building concept the complete designing is done at the factory and
the building components are brought to the site in knock down condition. An efficiently
designed preengineered building can be lighter than the conventional steel buildings by up to
30%. Lighter weight equates to less steel and a potential price savings in structural
framework.
The pre-engineered steel building system construction has great advantages to the
single storey buildings, practical and efficient alternative to conventional buildings, the
System representing one central model within multiple disciplines. Pre-engineered building
creates and maintains in real time multidimensional, data rich views through a project
support is currently being implemented by Staad pro software packages for design and
engineering.
Long Span, Column free structures are the most essential in any type of industrial
structures and Pre Engineered Buildings (PEB) fulfill this requirement along with reduced
time and cost as compared to conventional structures. The present work involves the
comparative study of static and dynamic analysis and design of Pre Engineered Buildings
(PEB) and Conventional steel frames. Design of the structure is being done in Staad Pro
software and the same is then compared with conventional type, in terms of weight which in
turn reduces the cost. Examples have been taken for the study.
Comparison of Pre Engineered Buildings (PEB) and Conventional steel frames is
done in examples and in the example, longer span Pre Engineered Building structure is
taken for the study. In the present work, Pre Engineered Buildings (PEB) and Conventional
steel frames structure is designed for dynamic forces, which includes wind forces and
seismic forces. Wind analysis has been done manually as per IS 875 (Part III) 1987 and
seismic analysis has been carried out as per IS 1893 (2002).
SYNOPSIS
The main objective of the feasibility study is to prepare a report of Pre Engineered
steel building for using Staad Pro V8i Software. The report contains all necessary data,
information collected from field visits, plant visits, company visits. In general scope of work
include the following
In the present study, Pre Engineered buildings concept is relatively new technique
that are used to design from low rise to high rise multilevel parking and Industrial buildings
for manufacturing plants and. The Pre-engineered building are designed using Staad Pro
software for the design results and are executed in Auto cad for the section particulars. The
design is done accordingly the customer requirements.
In the Design Process the frame data is assembled based on number of frame
members, number of joints, number of degrees of freedom, the conditions of restraint and
the elastic properties of the members. Based on this, the data is stored and member section
properties are computed.
Allowable stress design method is used as per the AISC specifications.

Unless otherwise specified, the deflections will go to MBMA, AISC criteria and
standard industry practices.
In Primary Framing Moment resisting frames with pinned or fixed bases.
Using IS 875 Part 3 design wind loads are calculated and Using IS 1893- 2002
seismic loadings are calculated.
In Secondary Framing Cold formed Z sections or C sections for purlins or girts
designed as continuous beams spanning over rafters and columns with laps.
In case of Longitudinal Stability Wind load on building end walls is transferred
through roof purlins to braced bays and carried to the foundations through diagonal
bracing.
STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT

The feasibility Report prepared at the end of visits and designs of the project
components compiles and presents the data/information collected, findings, projects layout,
main design parameters and economic indicators of the project. The Report has been
organized into separate volumes for easier reference during detailed design phase. The
different volumes are enumerated below.
Volume 1 Main Report
This volume contains detailed description of study on the concept of Pre Engineered
Building systems, data on its components, and designs for a Pre-engineered building using
Staad Pro V8i software, Analysis of design and evaluation of the project.
Volume 2 Drawings and list of figures
This volume contains Drawing Layouts, Sections and list of figures and Drawings.
INTRODUCTION
1.1 GENERAL
Buildings & houses are one of the oldest construction activities of human beings.
The construction technology has advanced since the beginning from primitive construction
technology to the present concept of modern house buildings. The present construction
methodology for buildings calls for the best aesthetic look, high quality & fast construction,
cost effective & innovative touch.
1.2 CLASSIFICATION OF BUILDINGS
A healthy trend in the form of growth in demand for construction works in
residential, Commercial, Institutional, industrial and infrastructure sectors are being seen
over the past decade. Modern Structures are much more complex and sophisticated as
compared to earlier period. One of the major changes which are being felt by all is that the
present structures are taller and thinner. Modern day requirement of structures is that these
should be lighter yet not compromising on functionality. Civil engineering construction has
seen a continual economic competition between steel, concrete and other construction
materials.
1.2.1
Reinforced Cement Concrete Buildings

Reinforced concrete is concrete in which reinforcing bars have been integrated to
improve one or more properties of the concrete. For many years, it has been utilized as an
economical construction material in one form or another. A large part of its worldwide
appeal is that the basic constituent materialscement, sand, aggregate, water, and
reinforcing barsare widely available and that it is possible to construct a structure using
local sources of labor and materials.
1.2.2
Steel Buildings
A steel building is a metal structure fabricated with steel for the internal support and
for exterior cladding, as opposed to steel framed buildings which generally use other
materials for floors, walls, and external envelope. Steel buildings are used for a variety of
purposes including storage, work spaces and living accommodation.
1.2.3
Timber Buildings
Timber Buildings are more feasible in areas where wood materials are easily
accessible, wood construction is often considered to be the cheapest and best approach for
small housing structures. Wooden or timber buildings are constructed in western countries
where temperatures are too low. In wooden buildings the members such as beams, columns
and roofs are made of wood. The wooden buildings may be in thatched, gypsum and ply
wood sheeting etc.
1.3 STEEL BUILDINGS
Steel is the material of choice for design because it is inherently ductile and flexible.
It flexes under extreme loads rather than crushing and crumbling. Structural steels low
cost, strength, durability, design flexibility, adaptability and recyclability continue to
make it the material of choice in building construction. Todays structural steel framing
is bringing grace, art and function together in almost limitless ways and is offering new
solutions and opportunities to create challenging structures, which were once thought
impossible. Steel structures have reserve strength. Simple stick design in the steel
framings allows construction to proceed rapidly from the start of erection.
1.3.1
Conventional Steel Buildings

Conventional Steel buildings are consultant and conservative. The Structural
members are hot rolled and are used in conventional buildings. The materials are produced
or manufactured in the plant and are shifted to the site. The raw materials are processed in
the site for the desired form and erected. The modifications can be done during erection by
cut and weld process. Truss systems are used in conventional system.
1.3.2
Pre Engineered Steel Buildings

Pre Engineered Steel Buildings are manufactured or Produced in the plant itself. The
manufacturing of structural members is done on customer requirements. The detailed
structural members are designed for their respective location and are numbered, which
cannot be altered; because members are manufactured with respect to design features. These
components are made in modular or completely knocked condition for transportation. These
materials are transported to the customer site and are erected. Welding and cutting process
are not performed at the customer site. No manufacturing process takes place at the
customer site.
OBJECTIVE OF PROJECT:
The main objective of the feasibility study is to prepare a report of comparision
between Pre Engineered steel building and conventional steel building using Staad Pro V8i
Software. The report contains all necessary data, information collected from field visits,
plant visits, company visits. In general scope of work include the following In the present
study, Pre Engineered buildings concept is relatively new technique that are used to design
from low rise to high rise multilevel parking and Industrial buildings for manufacturing
plants and . using Staad Pro software for the design results and are executed in Auto cad for
the section particulars. The design is done accordingly the customer requirements.
2. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF AN INDUSTRIAL

BUILDING.
1. DESIGN OF ROOF TRUSS:
Type of truss - Howe Truss.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Span of truss - 24m.

Pitch of Truss - 1 in 4.
Height of column at eaves level - 15m.
Spacing of Truss - 4m c/c.
Industrial building is located in Nashik city.
Length of industrial building - 36m.
GI sheets are used.
Solution:
Rise = pitch x span = () x 24 = 6m
= tan- (6/12) = 26.56
Length of Principal Rafter = (12+6)1/2 = 13.42m
Length of each panel = 13.42/4 = 3.355m
Fig. No.2.1 Howe Truss Details
2.1 Load analysis:

The truss is analyzed for following types of loadsI.
Dead load (DL).
II.
III.
Live load (LL).

Wind load (WL.)
I.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Dead Load Analysis:

(As per IS 875-1987 Part I)
Self-weight of truss =[(span/3)+5]10= [(24/3)+5]10
Assume self-weight of purlin
Weight of braces/ fasteners
Weight of fitting
Self-weight of roofing sheet
Total D.L. at each panel points
=
=
=
=
=
=
130 N/m
150 N/m
15 N/m
15 N/m
160 N/m
5794.4 N
Say 5800 N
Fig. No.2.2 Dead Load
II.
Live load analysis:
(As per IS 875-1985 Part II Page no. 14)

Live load on plan area for roof truss is given by
L.L. = [750-(-10) x 20] = [750-(26.56-10) x 20] = 418.6 N < 400 N
At each panel pointL.L. = 418.6 x 3.355 x 4
L.L. = 5617.612 N Say 5650 N
Fig. No.2.3 Live Load
III.
Wind load analysis: (As per IS 875-1987 Part III: clause 5.4)
The design wind pressure at any height above mean ground level can be obtained by
following relationship between wind pressure & wind velocity.
Pz = 0.6 Vz
.IS 875-1987 Part III Page no.12 clause 5.3
Where,
Pz = Design wind pressure in N/m
Vz = Design wind velocity m/s
Design wind velocity :Vz = Vb x k1 x k2 x k3
Where,
Vb = Basic wind speed = 39 m/s for Nashik city.
K1 = Permeability factor = 1
K2 = 0.76
. Table 2; clause 5.3.3
K3 = 1
Vz = 39 x 1 x 0.76 x 1 = 29.67 m/s
Pz = 0.6 x Vz = 0.6 x 29.67 = 527.12 N/m
F = (Cpe Cpi) x A x Pz
Assume, Normal Permeability = 0.2
Cpi = 0.2, Cpe = (h/w) = (16/24) = 0.625
1. Wind is parallel to the ridge:
i)
Windword
ii)
Cpe
20
-0.7
-0.372
20
-0.2
26.56
26.56
30
2. Wind is
i)
ii)
20
26.56
30
30
Cpe
-0.5
-0.5
-0.5
perpendicular to the ridge:

Windword
Leeword
Cpe
-0.8
-0.8
-0.8
ii)
Leeword
1. Wind is paralel to the ridge:

i)
Windword
= (-0.372 + 0.2) x12x 527.12 = -1087.97 = 1087.97 (Uplifting)
= (-0.372 - 0.2) x12x 527.12 = -3618.18 = 3618.18 (Uplifting)
Leeword
Cpe
= (-0.5 + 0.2) x12x 527.12 =
20
-0.6
-1897.632
=
1897.632
26.56
-0.73
30
-0.8
(Uplifting)
= (-0.5 - 0.2) x12x 527.12 =
-4427.81 = 4427.81 (Uplifting)

2. Wind is perpendicular to the ridge:
i)
Windword
= (-0.8 + 0.2) x12x 527.12 = -3795.264 = 3795 (Uplifting)
= (-0.8 - 0.2) x12x 527.12 = -6325.44 = 6325.44 (Uplifting)
ii)
Leeword
= (-0.7312 + 0.2) x12x 527.12 = -3352.48 = 3352.48 (Uplifting)
= (-0.7312 - 0.2) x12x 527.12 = -5882.66 = 5882.66 (Uplifting)
Total W.L. = 6325.44N 6350N
Fig. No.2.4 Wind Load

Computation of axial forces:
By using Graphical Method we can find out the axial forces in the members.
1) For Dead load and Live load:
Space Diagram
(Scale 1cm = 0.5 KN)

Vector Diagram
Fig. No.2.5 Graphical analysis of Truss for Dead load & Live load
2) For Wind load:
Space Diagram
Vector Diagram
(Scale 1cm = 0.5 KN)
Fig. No.2.6 Graphical analysis of Truss for Wind load
4. DESIGN BY LIMIT STATE METHOD

LOAD ANALYSIS:
Load
Name
(KN)
Load Combinations
Max.
Load In
Tension
Max. Load In
Compression
Design
Load
Check
Load
24.957
-135.96
-135.96
24.957
121.94
-35.520
121.94
-35.520
DL
LL
WL
1.5(D.L+L.L)
0.9(DL)+1.5(WL)
PR
- 45.82
- 44.64
44.13
-135.960
24.957
PR
- 39.15
- 38.14
39.68
-115.935
24.290
PR
- 32.77
- 31.92
34.61
-97.035
22.420
PR
- 26.10
-25.42
29.85
-77.28
21.280
TIE
41.18
40.12
- 48.57
121.94
-35.520
TIE
41.18
40.12
- 48.57
121.94
-35.520
TIE
35.09
34.18
- 41.59
103.91
-30.800
TIE
29.29
28.53
- 34.60
86.73
-25.540
STRUT
- 10.44
-10.17
12.70
-31.23
9.654
9.654
-31.23
-31.23
9.654
STRUT
- 8.12
- 7.9
10.16
-24.03
7.932
7.932
-24.03
-24.03
7.932
STRUT
- 6.67
- 6.5
7.9375
-19.75
5.892
5.892
-19.75
-19.75
5.892
SLING
8.7
8.475
- 11.43
25.76
-9.315
25.76
-9.315
25.76
-9.315
SLING
5.8
5.6
- 7.62
17.10
-6.210
17.10
-6.21
17.10
-6.21
SLING
2.9
2.825
- 3.81
8.58
-3.105
8.58
-3.105
8.58
-3.105
4.1 Design of purlin

Given data:
Span of Purlin = 4m.
Spacing of Purlin = 3.355m.
= 26.56.
Load Calculation:
1. Dead Load:
a. Self-Weight of roof sheeting = 160 N/m2.
b. Self-Weight of fittings = 15 N/m2.
c. Self-Weight of Purlin = 150 N/m2.
Total dead load on Purlin = 325 N/m2.
2. Live Load = [750 - ( 10 ) 20]
= [750 - (26.56 10) 20]
= 418.8 N/m2 < 400 N/m2
= 418.8 N/m2.
3. Wind Load = [( 0.6 Vz2 ) ( - 0.7 - 0.2 )]
= 0.6 392 (-0.9)
= (-821.34) N/m2.
Load combination:
i.
D.L. + L.L. = 325 + 418.8 = 743.8 N.
ii.
D.L + W.L. = 325 821.31 = -496.3 N.
To Design the Purlin for maximum load:
W = 743.8 N.
Wx = 0.7438 cos 26.56 3.355 = 2.232 KN/m.
Wy = 0.7438 sin 26.56 3.355 = 1.1158 KN/m.
Factored Shear Force and Bending Moment:
Shear Force:
F = (Wx 1.5 L) / 2 = (2.232 1.5 4) / 2 = 6.696 KN.
Bending Moment:
Mx = (1.5 Wx L2) / 10
= (1.5 2.232 42) / 10 = 5.356 KN-m

My = (1.5 Wy L2) / 10
= (1.5 1.1158 42) / 10 = 2.676 KN-m
Trial section:
Try ISMC 125@ 13.35 Kg/m
Properties of Section:
Area =1670 mm2.
Ixx = 425104 mm4.
H = 125 mm
Iyy = 61.1104 mm4.
Bf = 65 mm
Zxx = 68.1103 mm3.
tw = 5.3 mm
Zyy = 13.4103 mm3.
tf = 8.2 mm
Shape Factor = 1.1436
Cy = 19.5 mm
Section Classification:
Bf /tf = (65 / 8.2) = 7.926 < 8.4
IS 800-2007, P.No.18, Table No.02.
D / tw = [(125 2 8.2) / 5.3] = 20.5.

Hence, Section is plastic.
Check For Shear Capacity:

Av = (125 5.3) = 662.5 mm2.
IS 800-2007, P.No.59, Clause No.8.4.
(Av Fyw) / (3 mo) = (662.5 250) / (3 1.10)

= 86.93 > 6.696 KN
.. Hence ok.
Check For moment capacity (Md):

Mdx = (b Zpx fy) / mo
IS 800-2007, P.No.54, Clause No. 8.2.2.
Where,
b = 1
For Plastic Section
Zpx = (Zxx Shape Factor)

= (68.1103 1.1436) = 77.88103 mm3.
Mdx = (1.0 77.88103 250) / 1.10
= 17.7 106 N-mm > 5.356 106 N-mm
Hence ok.
Mdx should be less than

= (1.2 Zxx fy ) / mo
IS 800-2007, P.No.53, Clause No.8.2.1.2.
= (1.2 68.1103 250) / 1.10

= 18.57106 N-mm > 17.7 106 N-mm
Hence ok.
Mdy = (b Zpy fy) / mo

Where,
b = 1
For Plastic Section
Zpy = Zyy Shape Factor

= 13.4103 1.1436 = 15.32103 mm3.
Mdy = (115.32103 250) / 1.10
= 3.48106 N-mm > 2.676 106 N-mm
Hence ok.
Mdy Should be less than

= (1.2 Zyy fy ) / mo
= (1.2 13.4103 250) / 1.10
= 3.65106 N-mm > 3.48 106 N-mm
Section is Safe against Moment.
Check for Biaxial Bending:
(Mx / Mdx) + (My / Mdy) < 1
Hence ok.Hence
(5.536 / 17.7) + (2.676 / 3.48) = 1
Hence ok.
Check for Deflection:

Consider unfactored Imposed Load
Take Maximum of Wx or Wy
W = 2.232 4 = 8.92 KN
= (5WL3) / (384EIxx)
= (58.9210340003) / (3842105425104) = 8.75 mm
As per Table No.06 Deflection limit is
L / 150 = 4000 / 150 = 26.67 mm
= 8.75mm < 26.67 mm
.Hence ok.
Hence Provide ISMC 125 @ 13.35 Kg/m as a Purlin of roof truss.
ISMC 125
Principal Rafter
Fig.No.4.1 End connection of

PURLIN
4.2 Design of Principal Rafter:

Design load = 135.96 KN (Compressive).
Check load = 24.95 KN (Tensile).
Area required =
Pd
fc d
135.96 x 10
90
= 1510.67 mm2
Taking trial section 2ISA 90 x 60 x 6 mm
Area = 2 x 865 = 1730 mm2
Pd = Area x fcd
Leff = 0.85 x L = 0.85 x 3350 = 2847.5 mm
=
KL
r min
2847.5
28.6
= 99.57 < 250
..Hence ok.
For fcd:
Fcd
90
99.57
100
121
107.602
107
..Table no.9(c) Page no.42

Pd = fcd x A
fcd = 107.602
Pd = 107.602 x 1730 = 186.15 KN > 135.96 KN .
Hence ok.
Check for tension:

Tensile load = 24.95 KN
1) Yield strength :
Ag x fy
Tdg = r mo
=
1730 X 250
1.1
Table no. 5, page no. 30.IS 800-2007

= 393.18 X 103 N
= 393.18 KN > 24.95 KN

2) Rupture strength :
..Hence ok.
Tdn =
x An x fy
rm1
Assume two bolts of 20mm dia. are provided.

Tdn =
(601.5) x 6+(901.5 x 22) x 6

[ x 410 ]
= 136.38 KN > 5.892
..Hence ok.
3) Strength due to block shear:

For double shear & M20 Bolt = 90.54
135.96
No. of bolt = 90.54 = 1.5 = 2 Nos.
Pitch = 2.5d = 2.5 x 20 = 50 mm.
Edge distance = 2d = 2 x 20 = 40 mm.
Avg = 90 x 6 = 540 mm2.
Avn = (90-1.5 x 22) x 6 = 342 mm2.
Atg = 61.3 x 6 = 367.8 mm2.
Atn = (61.3-0.5 x 22) x 6= 301.8 mm2.
( A vg x fy)
(0.9 x A tn x fu)
Tdb1 = ( 3 x r mo) +
r m1
( 540 x 250 ) (0.9 x 301.8 x 410)

+
= ( 3 x 1.1)
1.25
= 210.06 > 24.95 KN
Tdb2 =
(0.9 x A vn x fu)
+
3 x r m 1
Hence ok.
( A tg x fy)
(r mo)
( 0.9 x 342 x 410 ) (367.8 x 250)

+
1.1
( 3 x 1.25)
= 141.88 KN > 24.95 KN
Hence ok
2L90606
2Bolts of 20mm.
10mm thick gusset plate
Fig.No.4.2 End connection of Principal Rafter
4.3 Design of Tie Member:

Design load = 121.94 KN (Tensile).
Check load = 35.52 KN (Compressive).
Area required =
Tdg x rmo
fy
121.94 x 10 x 1.1
250
= 536.536 mm2
= 1.15 x 536.536 = 617.01 mm2.

A/2 =
617.01
2
= 308.505 mm2.
Taking trial section 2ISA 75x50x6 mm.

Area of single angle = 716 mm2
Total area = 1432 mm2
1) Check for Yield strength :
2( Ag x fy)
Tdg =
r mo
=
2 x 1432 x 250
1.1
= 650.9 X 103 N
= 650.9 KN > 121.94KN
Hence ok.
Tdn =
2( x An x fu)
r m1
Assume two bolts of 20mm dia. are provided.

(503) x 6+(753 x 22) x 6
2 [ 0.7 [ x 410 ] ]
Tdn =
1.25
= 267.25 KN > 121.94 KN
.. Hence ok.

For Double shear & M20 Bolt = 90.54 KN.
121.94
No. of bolt = 90.54 = 1.34 = 2 Nos.
Pitch = 2.5d = 2.5 x 20 = 50 mm.
Avg = 90 x 6 = 540 mm2.
Avn = (90-1.5 x 22) x 6 = 342 mm2.
Atg = 24.4 x 6 = 146.4 mm2.
Atn = (24.4-0.5 x 22) x 6 = 80.4 mm2.
Tdb1 =
( A vg x fy)
( 3 x r mo)
(0.9 x A tn x fu)
r m1
pg no. 33, Clause No.6.4.1, IS 800- 2007
( 540 x 250 ) (0.9 x 80.4 x 410)

+
= ( 3 x 1.1)
1.25
= 189.18 KN > 121.94 KN
Tdb2 =
(0.9 x A vn x fu)
+
3 x r m 1
( A tg x fy)
(r mo)
.. Hence ok.
pg no. 33, Clause No.6.4.1, IS 800-2007
( 0.9 x 342 x 410 ) (146.4 x 250)

+
1.1
( 3 x 1.25)
= 183.122 KN > 121.94 KN

Check for compression:
Hence ok.
Area required =
Pd
fcd
Pd = Ae x fcd
Leff = 0.85 x L = 0.85 x 3000 = 2550 mm.
=
KL
r min
2550
10.7
= 238.32 < 250
Hence
ok.
For fcd:
Fcd
230
238.32
240
28.3
26.55
26.2

Pd = fcd x A
fcd = 26.55
Pd = 26.55 x 1432 = 38.02 KN > 19.75 KN
Hence ok.
2L75506
2 Bolts of 20mm
Fig.No.4.3 End connection of Tie Member
4.4 Design of compression members

4.4.1 Design of minor strut (2-3):

Area required =
Pd
fcd
19.75 x 10
90
= 219.45 mm2
Taking trial section ISA 90 x 60 x 6 mm

Properties of section:
A = 865 mm2
Cz = 28.7 mm ,
Pd = Ae x fcd
Le = 0.85 x L = 0.85 x 3750 = 3187.5 mm

=
KL
r min
3187.5
12.8
= 249.02 < 250
Hence
ok.
Fcd
240
249.02
250
26.2
24.48
24.3
For fcd
Pd = fcd x A
fcd = 24.48
Pd = 24.48 x 865 = 21.18 KN > 19.75 KN
. Hence ok.
Check for tension:

Tensile load = 5.892 KN
1) Yield strength :
Ag x fy
Tdg = r mo
=
865 X 250
1.1

= 196.59 X 103 N
= 196.59 KN > 5.892KN

x An x fu
Tdn =
r m1
Hence ok.
Assume, two bolts of 20mm dia. are provided.

(601.5) x 6+(901.5 x 22) x 6
0.6 [ x 410 ]
Tdn =
1.25
= 136.38 KN > 5.892 KN
.. Hence ok.

For single shear & M20 Bolt = 45.27 KN.
19.75
No. of bolt = 45.27 = 0.43 = 2 Nos.
Pitch = 2.5d = 2.5 x 20 = 50 mm.
Avg = 90 x 6 = 540 mm2.
Avn = (90-1.5 x 22) x 6= 342 mm2.
Atg = 61.3 x 6 = 367.8 mm2
Atn = (61.3-0.5 x 22) x 6 = 301.8 mm2
Tdb1 =
( A vg x fy)
( 3 x r mo)
(0.9 x A tn x fu)
r m1
page no. 33, Clause No.6.4.1,IS 800-
2007
( 540 x 250 ) (0.9 x 301.8 x 410)

+
= ( 3 x 1.1)
1.25
= 210.06 KN > 5.892 KN
Tdb2 =
(0.9 x A vn x fu)
+
3 x r m 1
Hence ok.
( A tg x fy)
(r mo)
( 0.9 x 342 x 410 ) (367.8 x 250)

+
=
1.1
( 3 x 1.25)
= 141.88 KN > 5.892 KN
..Hence ok.

2 Bolts of 20mm
L90606
Fig.No.4.4 End connection of Minor Strut (2-3)
4.4.2 Design of Minor strut (4-5):

Area required =
Pd
fcd
24.03 x 10
90
= 267 mm2
Taking trial section ISA 100 x 75 x 6 mm @ 8.15 kg/m

Area = 1010 mm2
Pd = Ae x fcd
Leff = 0.85 x L = 0.85 x 4250 = 3612.5 mm
KL
r min
3612.5
15.9
= 227.2 < 250
For fcd:
Fcd
220
227.2
230
30.6
28.944
28.3
Hence ok.
fcd = 28.944
Pd = fcd x A
Pd = 28.944 x 1010 = 29.23 KN > 24.03 KN
.Hence ok.
Check for tension:

Tensile load = 7.93 KN.
1) Yield strength :
Ag x fy
Tdg = r mo
=
1010 X 250
1.1

= 229.55 X 103 N
= 229.55 KN > 7.93 KN

x An x fu
Tdn =
r m1
Hence ok.
Assume, Two bolts of 20mm dia. are provided.

(751.5) x 6+(1001.5 x 22) x 6
0.6 [ x 410 ]
Tdn =
1.25
= 165.9 KN > 24.03 KN
.. Hence ok.

For single shear & M20 Bolt = 45.27 KN.
24.03
No. of bolt = 45.27 = 0.53 = 2 Nos.
Pitch = 2.5d = 2.5 x 20 = 50 mm
Edge distance = 2d = 2 x 20 = 40 mm
Avg = 90 x 6 = 540 mm2
Avn = (90-1.5 x 22) x 6= 342 mm2
Atg = 69.9 x 6 = 419.4 mm2
Atn = (69.9-0.5 x 22) x 6 = 353.4 mm2
( A vg x fy)
(0.9 x A tn x fu)
Tdb1 = ( 3 x r mo) +
r m1
2007
( 540 x 250 ) (0.9 x 353.4 x 410)

+
1.25
( 3 x 1.1)
= 175.18 KN > 7.93 KN
Tdb2 =
(0.9 x A vn x fu)
+
3 x r m 1
. Hence ok.
( A tg x fy)
(r mo)
( 0.9 x 342 x 410 ) (419.4 x 250)

+
1.1
( 3 x 1.25)
= 153.61 KN > 7.93 KN
Hence ok.

2 Bolts of 20mm
L100756
Fig. No.4.5 End connection of minor strut (4-5)
4.4.3 Design of major strut (6-7):
Area required =
Pd
fcd
31.23 x 10
90

Area = 1290 mm2.
Pd = Ae x fcd
Cz = 37.2 mm.
= 347 mm2
Leff = 0.85 x L = 0.85 x 5410 = 4598.5 mm.

KL
r min
4598.5
20.7
= 222.1 < 250
Hence ok.
For fcd:
Fcd
220
222.1
230
30.5
30.017
28.2
Pd = fcd x A
fcd = 30.017
Pd = 30.017 x 1290 = 38.72 KN > 31.23 KN
. Hence ok.
Check for tension:

Tensile load = 9.654 KN.
1) Yield strength :
Ag x fy
Tdg = r mo
=
1290 X 250
1.1
Table no. 5, page no. 30

= 293.18 X 103 N
= 293.18 KN > 9.654 KN

x An x fu
Tdn =
r m1
Hence ok.

(951.5) x 6 +(1251.5 x 22)x 6
0.6 [ x 410 ]
Tdn =
1.25
= 219.03 KN > 9.654 KN
For single shear & M20 Bolt = 45.27 KN
.. Hence ok.
No. of bolt =
31.23
45.27
= 0.69 = 2 Nos.
Pitch = 2.5d = 2.5 x 20 = 50 mm

Avg = 90 x 6 = 540 mm2
Avn = (90-1.5 x 22) x 6= 342 mm2
Atg = 87.8 x 6 = 526.8 mm2
Atn = (87.8-0.5 x 22) x 6 = 460.8 mm2
Tab1 =
( A vg x fy)
( 3 x r mo)
(0.9 x A tn x fu)
r m1
2007
( 540 x 250 ) (0.9 x 460.8 x 410)

+
= ( 3 x 1.1)
1.25
= 206.88 KN > 9.654 KN
Tab2 =
(0.9 x A vn x fu)
+
3 x r m 1
Hence ok.
( A tg x fy)
(r mo)
( 0.9 x 342 x 410 ) (526.8 x 250)

+
1.1
( 3 x 1.25)
= 178.02 KN > 9.654 KN
... Hence ok.

2 Bolts of 20mm
L125956
Fig.No.4.6 End connection of major strut (6-7)
4.5 Design of tension member:
4.5.1 Design of Minor sling (3-4):

Check load = 3.105KN (Compressive).
Area required =
Tdg x rmo
fy
8.58 x 10 x 1.1
250
= 37.752 mm2
Area required = 1.15 x 37.752 = 43.42 mm2

( Ag x fy)
Tdg =
r mo
=
602 x 250
1.1
=136.818 X 103 N
= 136.818 KN > 8.58KN

( x An x fu)
Tdn =
r m1
.Hence ok.

(502.5) x 5+(752.5 x 22) x 5
[ 0.7 [ x 410 ] ]
Tdn =
1.25
= 96.86 KN > 8.58 KN.
8.58
No. of bolt = 45.27 = 0.189 = 2 Nos.
Pitch = 2.5d = 2.5 x 20 = 50 mm
Avg = 90 x 5 = 450 mm2
Avn = (90-1.5 x 22) x 5= 285 mm2
Atg = 23.9 x 5 = 119.5 mm2
Atn = (23.9-0.5 x 22) x 5 = 64.5 mm2
.Hence ok.
( A vg x fy)
( 3 x r mo)
Tab1 =
(0.9 x A tn x fu)
r m1
2007
( 450 x 250 ) (0.9 x 64.5 x 410)

+
= ( 3 x 1.1)
1.25
= 78.09 KN > 8.58 KN
(0.9 x A vn x fu)
+
3 x r m 1
Tab2 =
Hence ok.
( A tg x fy)
(r mo)
( 0.9 x 285 x 410 ) (119.5 x 250)

+
1.1
( 3 x 1.25)
= 75.732 KN > 8.58 KN
Hence ok.

Compressive load = 3.105KN
Area required =
Pd
fcd
Pd = Ae x fcd
Leff = 0.85 x L = 0.85 x 3000 = 2550 mm
=
KL
r min
2550
10.7
= 238.32 < 250
....Hence
ok.
For fcd:
Fcd
230
238.32
240
28.3
26.55
26.2
Pd = fcd x A
fcd = 26.55
Pd = 26.55 x 602 = 15.98 KN > 3.105 KN
..Hence ok.
2 Bolts of 20mm
L75505
Fig.No.4.7 End connection of minor sling (3-4)
4.5.2 Design of minor sling (5-6):
Area required =
Tdg x rmo
fy
17.1 x 10 x 1.1
250
= 75.24 mm2

( Ag x fy)
Tdg =
r mo
=
1014 x 250
1.1
= 230.45 X 103 N
= 230.45 KN > 17.1 KN

( x An x fu)
Tdn =
r m1
..Hence ok.

(753) x 6+(1003 x 22) x 6
[ 0.7 [ x 410 ] ]
Tdn =
1.25
= 177.12 KN > 17.1 KN
Hence ok.

17.1
No. of bolt = 45.27 = 0.37 = 2 Nos.
Pitch = 2.5d = 2.5 x 20 = 50 mm
Avg = 90 x 6 = 540 mm2
Avn = (90-1.5 x 22) x 6= 342 mm2
Atg = 69.9 x 6 = 419.4 mm2
Atn = (69.9-0.5 x 22) x 6 = 353.4 mm2
( A vg x fy)
( 3 x r mo)
Tab1 =
(0.9 x A tn x fu)
+
r m1
...page no. 33, Clause No.6.4.1, IS 800-
2007
( 540 x 250 ) (0.9 x 353.4 x 410)

+
= ( 3 x 1.1)
1.25
= 176.17 KN > 17.1 KN
Tab2 =
(0.9 x A vn x fu)
+
3 x r m 1
..Hence ok.
( A tg x fy)
(r mo)
( 0.9 x 342 x 410 ) (419.4 x 250)

+
1.1
( 3 x 1.25)
= 153.6 KN > 17.1 KN

Compressive load = 6.21 KN.
Area required =
Pd
fcd
Pd = Ae x fcd
.Hence ok.
Leff = 0.85 x L = 0.85 x 4500 = 3825 mm

=
KL
r min
3825
15.9
= 240.56 < 250
.Hence
ok.
For fcd:
Fcd
240
240.56
250
26.2
26.1
24.3
Pd = fcd x A
fcd = 26.1
Pd = 26.1 x 1014 = 26.47 KN > 6.21 KN
.Hence ok.

2 Bolts of 20mm
L100756
Fig.No.4.8 End connection of minor sling (5-6)

4.5.3 Design of major sling (7-8):
Tensile force = 25.76 KN
Compressive force = 9.315 KN
Area required =
Tdg x rmo
fy
25.76 x 10 x 1.1
250
= 113.08 mm2

( Ag x fy)
Tdg =
r mo
=
866 x 250
1.1
=196.82 X 103 N
= 196.82 KN > 25.76KN

( x An x fu)
Tdn =
r m1
Hence ok.
Assume, Two bolts of 20mm dia. are provided

(753) x 6+(753 x 22) x 6
[ 0.7 [ x 410 ] ]
Tdn =
1.25
= 147.6 KN > 25.76 KN
..Hence ok.

25.76
No. of bolt = 45.27 = 0.56 = 2 Nos.
Pitch = 2.5d = 2.5 x 20 = 50 mm
Avg = 90 x 6 = 540 mm2
Avn = (90-1.5 x 22) x 6= 342 mm2
Atg = 54.4 x 6 = 326.4 mm2
Atn = (54.4-0.5 x 22) x 6 = 260.4 mm2
( A vg x fy)
(0.9 x A tn x fu)
Tab1 = ( 3 x r mo) +
r m1
2007
( 540 x 250 ) (0.9 x 260.4 x 410)

+
= ( 3 x 1.1)
1.25
= 76.94 KN > 25.76 KN
.Hence ok.
(0.9 x A vn x fu )
+
3 x r m 1
Tab2 =
( A tg x fy)
(r mo)
( 0.9 x 342 x 410 ) (326.4 x 250)

+
1.1
( 3 x 1.25)
= 132.48 KN > 25.76 KN
.Hence ok.

Compressive load = 9.315 KN.
Area required =
Pd
fcd
Pd = Ae x fcd
Leff = 0.85 x L = 0.85 x 6000 = 5100 mm
=
KL
r min
5100
20.6
= 247.57 < 250
.Hence
ok.
For fcd:
Fcd
240
247.57
250
26.2
24.76
24.3

Pd = fcd x A
fcd = 24.76
Pd = 24.76 x 866 = 21.442 KN > 9.315 KN
.Hence ok.

2 Bolt of 20mm
L75756
Fig.No.4.9 End connection of major sling (7-8)
4.6 Design of Column & Column Base:

Design of Column:
Load calculation:
1) Reaction due to dead load = 5.8 KN.
2) Reaction due to live load = 5.65 KN.
Load combinations:
We design a column for compressive load
D.L. + L.L. = 5.8 + 5.65 = 11.45 KN = 1.5 11.45 = 17.175 KN
Axial load on column:
P = D.L. + L.L. + Self wt. of column
Assume, self wt of column = 0.9 KN/m
Total self wt of column = 0.9 10 = 9 KN.
Total load = 17.175 + 9 = 26.175 KN.
Effective length = Le = 0.8 10000 = 8000 mm ...Table no. 11 page no. 45 IS 8002007
Let us assume design compressive stress = 0.6 fy = 0.6 250 = 150 Mpa.
Area required = P/ Fcd = 26.175 10 / 150 = 174.5 mm2
Let us try ISHB 200 @ 37.3 Kg/m
Properties of section:
A= 4754 mm2
rxx = 87.1mm
Ixx = 3608.4 104 mm4
ryy = 45.1mm
= L r = 8000/ 45.1 = 177.38 < 180

eff / min
..Hence ok.
For fcd:
Fcd
170
177.38
180
51.5
47.81
46.5

Fcd = 47.81 N/mm2
Comp. Strength = fcd A = 47.81 4754 = 227.3 KN > 26.175 KN .Hence ok.
Design of end connection:
Provide 20mm bolts of 4.6 grades with 40 mm edge distance & 50mm distance.
Design of column base:
Using slab base as a column base for column of roof truss having load = 26.175 KN
ISHB =200
t = 9mm
D = 200mm
Bf = 200mm
1) Area required = A =
p
bearingcapacity of soil
= (26.175 103)/ (0.6 15)

= 2908.33 mm2
2) Size of base plate = Lp Bp
B
Lp = (D- 2
)+
{(
{(
200200
+
2
B
+ Area
2
200
200
+ 4754
2
= 121.5 mm = 300 mm
2908.33
Bp =
= 24 300mm
121.5
3) To calculate projection of base plate
300200
=
= 50mm
2
4) Calculation of ultimate pressure from below to the slab base
W = Load / Area of base plate
= (11.45103) / (300300) = 0.127 N/mm2
5) To calculate of base plate:
2.5 w ( a 20.3 b2 ) mo
T=
fy
=
2.5 0.127 (502 0.3 502 )1.1

250
> 09
= 1.56 < 9
Provide 300 300 16 mm Base plate.
6) Design of concrete pedestal
Area = p x mo / (1.5 x SBS of soil)
= (11.45 x 103 x 1.1) / (1.5 x 250)
= 2099.2 mm2
Lc = Bc = A = 2099.2 = 45.82 mm
It is not sufficient Hence providing 500mm
7) Thickness of concrete block :
tan45 = D / Projection of one side
D = tan45 x 100
D = 100mm
Providing plate of size 300 x 300 x 16mm & provide concrete block 500x500x100mm.
Fig. No.4.10 Column & Column Base
5. ECONOMICAL STUDY
MEASUREMENT SHEET (LSM):
Item
No.
1.
Description
Principal Rafter
2ISA 90X60X6 @ 13.6Kg/m
2.
Tie Member
2ISA 75X50X6 @ 11.2Kg/m
No
13.42
24
Qty.
365.02
268.80
Tension Member
3.
ISA 75X75X6 @ 6.8Kg/m
40.80
ISA 100X75X6 @ 8Kg/m
4.5
72.00
ISA 75X50X5 @ 4.7Kg/m
28.20
2ISA 50X50X6@8Kg/m
1.5
24.00
Total
Qty.

Compression Member
4.
ISA 125X95X6 @ 10.1Kg/m
5.41
ISA 100X75X6 @ 8.15Kg/m
4.24
ISA 90X60X6 @ 6.8Kg/m
3.75
109.28
69.11
51.00
Weight of Truss
Total Weight
1028.2
10
10282.1
Column
ISHB200 @ 37.3Kg/m
5.
ISA60X60X6 @ 5.4Kg/m
Base Plate (300X300X16)mm
1
4
1
10
373
0.70
15.12
0.3
0.3
0.016
11.3
Wt. of Column & Column Base
Total Weight
Purlin ISMC125 @ 12.7Kg/m
TOTAL WEIGHT
399.42
20
10
7988.40
36
4572
4572
22842.5
ABSTRACT SHEET (LSM):
Item
Quantity
Description
Rate
Per
Amount
No.
Qty.
Rs.
Ps.
Rs.
Ps.
16425
90
1.
365.02
Principal Rafter
45
00
kg
2.
268.8
Tie Member
45
00
kg
12096
00
3.
165
Tension Member
45
00
kg
7425
00
4.
229.39
Compression Member
45
00
Kg
10322
55
46269
45
Total
5.
Total
10
Truss
462694.5
Column
6.
373
ISHB200 @ 37.3Kg/m
50
00
kg
18650
00
15.12
ISA60X60X6 @ 5.4Kg/m
45
00
kg
680
40
11.30
Base Plate (300X300X16)
45
00
kg
508
50
19838
90
Total
Total Cost For 20 Columns
7.
4572
Purlin
396778
45
00
kg
205740
00
205740
Total Cost of Structure
1065213
CONCEPT OF PRE ENGINEERED STEEL BUILDINGS

2.1 PRE ENGINEERED STEEL BUILDINGS or (PEB)
2.1.1 Introduction
India being a developed country massive house building construction is taking place in
various parts of the country. Since 30% of Indian population lives in towns and cities; hence
construction is more in the urban places. The requirement of housing is tremendous but there
will always be a shortage of house availability as the present masonry construction technology
cannot meet the rising demand every year. Hence one has to think for alternative construction
system for steel or timber buildings, but timber is anyway not suitable to tropical countries like
India.
In structural engineering, a pre-engineered building (PEB) is designed by a
manufacturer to be fabricated using a pre-determined inventory of raw materials and
manufacturing methods that can efficiently satisfy a wide range of structural and aesthetic
design requirements. Within some geographic industry sectors these buildings are also called
Pre-Engineered Metal Buildings. Historically, the primary framing structure of a preengineered building is an assembly of I shaped members, often referred as I beam. In PEB, I
section beams used are usually formed by welding together steel plates to form of I section. I
section beams are then field-assembled (e.g. bolted connections) to form the entire frame of the
pre-engineered building. Cold formed Z and C-shaped members may be used as secondary
structural elements to fasten and support the external cladding. Roll-formed profiled steel sheet,
wood, tensioned fabric, precast concrete, masonry block, glass curtain wall or other materials
may be used for the external cladding of the building.
In order to accurately design a pre-engineered building, engineers consider the clear
span between bearing points, bay spacing, roof slope, live loads, dead loads, collateral loads,
wind uplift, deflection criteria, internal crane system and maximum practical size and weight of
fabricated members. Historically, pre-engineered building manufacturers have developed pre
calculated tables for different structural elements in order to allow designers to select the most
efficient I beams size for their projects.
In pre-engineered building concept the complete designing is done at the factory and the
building components are brought to the site in CKD ( Completely knock down condition).
These components are then fixed / jointed at the site and raised with the help of cranes. The
preengineered building calls for very fast construction of buildings and with good aesthetic
looks and quality construction. Pre-engineered Buildings can be used extensively for
construction of industrial and residential buildings. The buildings can be multi storied (4-6
floors). These buildings are suitable to various environmental hazards. Pre-engineered
buildings can be adapted to suit a wide variety of structural applications; the greatest economy
will be realized when utilizing standard details. An efficiently designed pre-engineered building
can be lighter than the conventional steel buildings by up to 30%. Lighter weight equates to
less steel and a potential price savings in structural framework.
2.1.2
Features and Advantages
Features: Preengineered steel buildings use a combination of built-up sections, hot

rolled sections and cold formed elements which provide the basic steel frame work with a
choice of single skin sheeting with added insulation or insulated sandwich panels for roofing
and wall cladding. The concept is designed to provide a complete building envelope system
which is air tight, energy efficient, optimum in weight and cost and, above all, designed to fit
user requirement like a well fitted glove.
Pre engineered steel buildings can be fitted with different structural accessories
including mezzanine floors, canopies, fascias, interior partitions etc. and the building is made
water proof by use of special mastic beads, filler strips and trims. This is very versatile
buildings systems and can be finished internally to serve any functions and accessorized
externally to achieve attractive and unique designing styles. It is very advantageous over the
conventional buildings and is really helpful in the low rise building design.
Pre engineered buildings are generally low rise buildings however the maximum eave
height can go up to 25 to 30 metres. Low rise buildings are ideal for offices, houses,
showrooms, shop fronts etc. The application of pre engineered buildings concept to low raise
buildings is very economical and speedy. Buildings can be constructed in less than half the
normal time especially when complemented with the other engineered sub systems.
The most common and economical type of low rise buildings is a building with ground
floor and two intermediate floor plus roof. The roof of low rise buildings may be flat or sloped.
Intermediate floors of low rise buildings are made of mezzanine systems. Single storied houses
for living take minimum time for construction and can be built in any type of geographical
location like extreme cold hilly areas, high rain prone areas, plain land obviously and extreme
hot climatic zones as well.
Advantages:
Reduction in Construction Time: Buildings are typically delivered in just a few weeks after
approval of drawings. Foundation and anchor bolts are cast parallel with finished, ready for the
site bolting. In India the use of PEB will reduce total construction time of the project by at least
50%. This also allows faster occupancy and earlier realization of revenue.
Lower Cost: Due to the systems approach, there is a significant saving in design,
manufacturing and on site erection cost. The secondary members and cladding nest together
reducing transportation cost.
Flexibility of Expansion: Buildings can be easily expanded in length by adding additional
bays. Also expansion in width and height is possible by pre designing for future expansion.
Larger Spans: Buildings can be supplied to around 80M clear spans.
Quality Control: As buildings are manufactured completely in the factory under controlled
conditions the quality is assured.
Low Maintenance: Buildings are supplied with high quality paint systems for cladding and
steel to suit ambient conditions at the site, which results in long durability and low maintenance
costs.
Energy Efficient Roofing and Wall Systems: Buildings can be supplied with polyurethane
insulated panels or fiberglass blankets insulation to achieve required U values.
Architectural Versatility: Building can be supplied with various types of fascias, canopies,
and curved eaves and are designed to receive pre cast concrete wall panels, curtain walls, block
walls and other wall systems.
Single Source Availability: As the complete building package is supplied by a single vendor,
compatibility of all the building components and accessories is assured. This is one of the
major benefits of the pre engineered building systems.
2.1.3
Benefits of PEB:
Pre-engineered building systems provide real value to clients without sacrificing

durability, seismic and wind resistance, or aesthetic appearance. Cost savings begin right at the
drawing preparation stage. Systems engineering and fabrication methods help reduce interim
financing costs through faster construction and minimized field erection expense. An added
benefit is earlier occupancy of the facility and a head start on day-to-day operations by the
client.
Apart from costs, there is an assurance of factory-built quality and uniformity in design
and fabrication. These systems are also energy efficient; incorporate watertight roofing
systems; enable easy disassembly or future expansion and have the lowest life cycle
maintenance costs. Adding to these; there is no mess of sand and cement; power savings;
walkable ceilings; progressive and non-progressive panel systems for walls. A poor man can be
provided with a home created under strict quality control and having a longer life span, with
greater safety against natural disasters like earthquakes and cyclones.
Moreover, it is possible to create the building in required form and shape. And the
'system approach' renders a holistic way of thinking at one platform for consultants, designers,
architects, and builders. Thus it tends to achieve a perfect harmony among various stringent
specifications and aesthetic requirements in a most economic way.
In nutshell, the benefits may be summarized as under,
Easy future expansion/modification.
Weather proof and fire hazards.
Optimized design of steel reducing weight.
International Quality Standards
Seismic & Wind pressure resistant.
Quality design, manufacturing and erection, saving around 30-40% of project
time
Quick delivery and Quick turn-key construction.
Pre-painted and has low maintenance requirement.
Erection of the building is fast.
The building can be dismantled and relocated easily.
Future extensions can be easily accommodated without much hassle.
Increased Life cycle performance and cost competitiveness
Environmentfriendly structures
Better rainwater harvesting through gutters and down-take arrangements
Lighter weight; savings in foundation cost of 10-20 percent
The building can be dismantled and relocated easily

Easy integration of all construction materials
Energy efficient roof and wall system using insulations
2.1.4
Applications of PEB
Almost every conceivable building use has been achieved with PEB; the most common
applications are industrial, institutional and commercial.
In India, Pre-engineered building systems find application primarily in the construction
of Warehouses, & Industrial sheds & Buildings. The recent focus has also shifted to cover rural
as well as urban, individual and mass housing projects, farmhouses, slum re-organization
projects and rehabilitation projects, amenity structures like health centers, kiosks, primary
schools, panchayat ghars etc. The pharmaceutical industries and exhibition centers, and
functional requirements like offices, seminar halls, call centers, supermarkets, showrooms etc.
have also attracted PEB. Earthquake-resistant buildings are the recent applications of PEB with
wide and immediate acceptance. PEB concept has acted as a catalyst in the infrastructure
development of the country. Single storied houses for living take minimum time for
construction and can be built in any type of geographic location like extreme cold hilly areas,
high rain prone areas, plain land, extreme hot climatic zones etc.
Applications of Pre Engineered steel buildings include Houses & Living Shelters
Factories
Warehouses
Sport Halls ( Indoor and Outdoor)
Aircraft Hangers
Supermarkets
Workshops
Office Buildings
Labor Camps
Petrol Pumps/Service Buildings
Schools
Community centers
Railway Stations
Equipment housing/shelters.
There is a great possibility of improving the aesthetic quality with a choice of roofing elements,
exterior finishes, weather-sheds, color system and variations in planning as well as massing.
PROFILE OF PEB
All over the world, pre engineered building system or PEB system is becoming an
eminent segment in pre engineered construction industry. It has become possible because preengineered building system encompasses all the characteristics that are compatible to modern
demands viz. speed, quality and value for money. Pre-engineered buildings find many pre
engineered construction applications, which could be intrinsic and high-end.
PEB prospect in the world:
Technological improvement over the year has contributed immensely to the

enhancement of quality of life through various new products and services. One such revolution
was the pre engineered buildings. Through its origin can be traced back to 1960s its potential
has been felt only during the recent years. This was mainly due to the development in
technology, which helped in computerizing the design.
PEB concept has been very successful and well established in North America, Australia and is
presently expanding in U.K and European countries. PEB construction is 30 to 40% faster than
masonry construction. PEB buildings provide good insulation effect and would be highly
suitable for a tropical country like India. PEB is ideal for construction in remote & hilly areas.
A recent survey by the Metal Building Associations (MBMA) shows that about 60% of the
non-residential low rises building in USA are pre engineered buildings.
PEB Prospects in India:

Although PEB systems are extensively used in industrial and many other non residential
constructions worldwide, it is relatively a new concept in India. These concepts were
introduced to the Indian markets lately in the late 1990s with the opening up of the economy
and a number of multi nationals setting up their projects. India has an installed steel capacity of
35 to 40 million tones & apparent steel consumption is around 27 to 30 million tones.
TECHNICAL PARAMETERS OF PEB

Pre Engineered Buildings are custom designed to meet clients requirements. PEBs are
defined for definite measurements. The produced members fit to the designed dimensions.
Measurements are taken accurately for the requirements. The basic parameters that can define a
PEB are
WIDTH OR SPAN OF BUILDING: The centre to centre length from one end wall column to
the other end wall column of a frame is considered breadth or span of the building. The width
between two columns can be measured as span. The span length for different buildings varies.
The design is done on span length given by customer. The basic span length starts from 10 to
150 meters or above with intermediate columns. Aircraft hangars, manufacturing industries,
Stadiums posses major span width. No modifications or extending span be done.
LENGTH OF BUILDING: The length of PEB is the total length extending from one front
end to the rear end of the building. The length of PEB can be extendable in future.
BUILDING HEIGHT: Building height is the eave height which usually is the distance from
the bottom of the main frame column base plate to the top outer point of the eave strut. When
columns are recessed or elevated from finished floor, eave height is the distance from finished
floor level to top of eave strut.
ROOF SLOPE: This is the angle of the roof with respect to the horizontal. The most common
roof slopes are 1/10 and 1/20 for tropical countries like India. The roof slope in snow fall
locations can go up to 1/30 to 1/60. Any practical roof slope is possible as per customers
requirement.
DESIGN LOADS:
Unless otherwise specified per-engineered buildings are designed for the following
minimum loads. The designed loads play a crucial role in case of PEB. The failure of the
structures occurs if not properly designed for loads. The determination of the loads acting on a
structure is a complex problem. The nature of the loads varies essentially with the architectural
design, the materials, and the location of the structure. Loading conditions on the same
structure may change from time to time, or may change rapidly with time. Loads are usually
classified into two broad groups as dead loads and live loads. Dead loads (DL) are essentially
constant during the life of the structure and normally consist of the weight of the structural
elements. On the other hand, live loads (LL) usually vary greatly. The weight of occupants,
snow and vehicles, and the forces induced by wind or earthquakes are examples of live loads.
The magnitudes of these loads are not known with great accuracy and the design values must
depend on the intended use of the structure.
Dead Load: The structure first of all carries the dead load, which includes its own weight, the
weight of any permanent non-structural partitions, built-in cupboards, floor surfacing materials
and other finishes. It can be worked out precisely from the known weights of the materials and
the dimensions on the working drawings.
Live Load: All the movable objects in a building such as people, desks, cupboards and filing
cabinets produce an imposed load on the structure. This loading may come and go with the
result that its intensity will vary considerably. At one moment a room may be empty, yet at
another packed with people. Imagine the `extra' live load at a lively party.
Wind loads: Wind has become a very important load in recent years due to the extensive use
of lighter materials and more efficient building techniques. A building built with heavy
masonry, timber tiled roof may not be affected by the wind load, but on the other hand the
structural design of a modern light gauge steel framed building is dominated by the wind load,
which will affect its strength, stability and serviceability. The wind acts both on the main
structure and on the individual cladding units. The structure has to be braced to resist the
horizontal load and anchored to the ground to prevent the whole building from being blown
away, if the dead weight of the building is not sufficient to hold it down. The cladding has to be
securely fixed to prevent the wind from ripping it away from the structure.
Roof load: Live loads produced by maintenance activities, rain, erection activities, and other
movable or moving loads by not including wind, snow, seismic, crane, or dead loads.
Roof snow load: Gravity load induced by the forces of wind blowing from any horizontal
direction.
Collateral loads: The weight of any non-moving equipment or material such ceilings,
electrical or mechanical equipment, sprinkler system, or plumbing.
Auxiliary loads: Dynamic loads induced by cranes, conveyers, or other material handling
systems.
Seismic loads: Horizontal loads acting in any direction structural systems due to action of an
earthquake.
Floor Live loads: Loads induced on a floor system by occupants of a building and their
furniture, equipment, etc.
BAY SPACING:
The distance between the two adjacent frames of a building is called as a
Bay spacing. The spacing between two frames is a bay. End Bay length is the distance from
outside of the outer flange of end wall columns of centre line of the first interior frame
columns. Interior bay length is the distance between the centre lines of two adjacent interior
main frames Columns. The most economical bay spacing is 7.5m to 8.0m. However bay length
up to 10m is possible.
TYPES OF FRAME:
A frame is a combination of Columns and inclined beams (rafters). There are various
type of frames.
Clear Span (CS):
The span length between two columns without any obstruction. It has split Beams with
ridge line at the peak or centre of the building. The maximum practical width or span is up to
90 meters, but it can also be extended up to 150 meters in case of Aircraft Hangars.
Arched Clear Span:
The column is an RF column while the Rafter is curved. It has no ridge line and peak.
The curved roof rafter is used in for aesthetic look. The maximum practical is up to 90 meters,
but can be extended to 120 meters.
Multi Span (MS1): The Multi spans (MS1) are those which have more than 1 span. The
intermediate column is used for the clear span in which width of each span is called width
module.
Arched Multi Span (AMS1): Arched multi span has RF column and a curved Rafter with one
intermediate column. It has width module for the entire span. The multispans can be extended
up to AMS1, AMS2 and AMS3 etc.
Multi Span 2 (MS2): The Multi Span (MS2) has more than one intermediate span. It has three
width modules with one ridge line.
Single Slope: It has two columns with different heights having Roof sloping on both the
columns.
Multi Gable: Multi gable has two or more spans where no intermediate columns are used. The
columns are added to the extended width and columns are not placed at the ridge lines.
Roof Systems: It has straight columns with Roof having supports are not by TPCA.
Lean To: Lean to slopes is used extremely for an extending to a building on either side with
short span. The rafters rest on column designed for lean to on one side and rests on the main
column of the building.
Canopy: Canopies are used in case of open ends where there is an easy access. There are
columns in straight path having roof extended to a large length.
SUBSYSTEMS
Major companies use standard components and designs to manufacture a wide range of
structural subsystems according to customers' requirements. These structural subsystems fulfill
the requirements of two types viz. Aesthetic and Functional. They produce a large number of
structural subsystems according to exact specifications as the strength of the pre-engineered
building system depends largely on various incorporated structural subsystems. Subsystems are
available for following structures
Endwall Roof Extension: Endwall roof extensions consist of end wall panel, Roof panel,
Gable trim, soffit panel, and end wall rafter. The endwall is extended to an extent under endwall
panel support
.
Sidewall Roof Extension: The sidewall roof extension has the same assembly but the soffit
panels are above the Roof Extension Rafter.
Centre Curved Fascia: The centre curved fascia consist Backup panel, soffit panel. It is an
assembly of Cap flashing, Fascia panel with valley gutter or eave gutter on the rafter with rigid
frame support.
Bottom Curved Fascia: The entire assembly of Centre curved fascia contains for the Bottom
curved Fascia a slight change in Connection of wall panel to Frame.
Top and Bottom Curved Fascia: In this the assembly is a combination of Top Curved Fascia
which has curvature at top and bottom curved Fascia having bottom Fascia.
COMPONENTS OF PEB
INTRODUCTION
A typical assembly of a simple metal building system is shown below to illustrate the Synergy
between the various building components as described below:
Primary components
Secondary components
Sheeting (or) cladding
Accessories
PRIMARY COMPONENTS
Main framing.
Main framing basically includes the rigid steel frames of the building. The PEB rigid
frame comprises of tapered columns and tapered rafters (the fabricated tapered sections are
referred to as built-up members). The tapered sections are fabricated using the state of art
technology wherein the flanges are welded to the web. Splice plates are welded to the ends of
the tapered sections. The frame is erected by bolting the splice plates of connecting sections
together.
All rigid frames shall be welded built-up "I" sections or hot-rolled sections. The
columns and the rafters may be either uniform depth or tapered. Flanges shall be connected to
webs by means of a continuous fillet weld on one side. All endwall roof beams and endwall
columns shall be coldformed "C" sections, mill-rolled sections, or built-up "I" sections
depending on design requirements. Plates, Stiffeners, etc. All base plates splice plates, cap
plates, and stiffeners shall be factory welded into place on the structural members. Built- up I
section to build primary structural framing members (Columns and Rafters)
Columns
The main purpose of the columns is to transfer the vertical loads to the foundations.
However a part of the horizontal actions (wind action) is also transferred through the columns.
Basically in pre-engineered buildings columns are made up of I sections which are most
economical than others. The width and breadth will go on increasing from bottom to top of the
column. I section consists of flanges and web which are made from plates by welding.
Rafter
A rafter is one of a series of sloped structural members (beams) that extend from the
ridge or hip to the wall-plate, down slope perimeter or eave, and that are designed to support
the roof deck and its associated loads.
4.3 SECONDARY COMPONENTS
Purlins, Grits and Eave struts are secondary structural members used as support to walls
and roof panels. Purloins are used on the roof; Grits are used on the walls and Eave struts are
used at the intersection of the sidewall and the roof. They are supplied with minimum yield
strength of 34.5 KN/m. Secondary members act as struts that help in resisting part of the
longitudinal loads that are applied on the building such as wind and earthquake loads and
provide lateral bracing to the compression flanges of the main frame members for increasing
frame capacity. Purloins, Grits and Eave struts are available in high grade steel conforming to
ASTM 607 Grade 50 or equivalent, available in 1.5 mm, 1.75 mm. 2.0 mm, 2.25 mm, 2.5 mm
and 3.0 mm thickness.
They come with a pre-galvanized finish, or factory painted with a minimum of 35
microns (DFT) of corrosion protection primer. Purlins and girts shall be cold-formed "Z"
sections with stiffened flanges. Flange stiffeners shall be sized to comply with the requirements
of the latest edition of AISI.
Purlins and Girts:
Purlins and girts shall be roll formed Z sections, 200 mm deep with 64 mm flanges shall
have a 16 mm stiffening lip formed at 45 to the flange. Purlins and girts shall be cold-formed
"Z" sections with stiffened flanges. Flange stiffeners shall be sized to comply with the
requirements of the latest edition of AISC .Purlin and girt flanges shall be unequal in width to
allow for easier nesting during erection. They shall be pre punched at the factory to provide for
field bolting to the rigid frames. They shall be simple or continuous span as required by design.
Connection bolts will install through the webs, not flanges
Eave Struts
Eave Struts shall be unequal flange cold-formed "C" sections. Eave struts are 200 mm
deep with a 104 mm wide top flange, a 118 mm wide bottom flange, both are formed parallel to
the roof slope. Each flange has a 24 mm stiffener lip.
Bracings
The Cable bracing is a primary member that ensures the stability of the building against
forces in the longitudinal direction such as wind, cranes, and earthquakes. Diagonal bracing in
the roof and sidewalls shall be used to remove longitudinal loads (wind, crane, etc.) from the
structure. This bracing will be furnished to length and equipped with bevel washers and nuts at
each end. It may consist of rods threaded each end or galvanized cable with suitable threaded
end anchors.
4.4 SHEETING OR CLADDING
The sheets used in the construction of pre- engineered buildings are composed of the
following:
Base metal of either Galvalume coated steel conforming to ASTM A 792 M grade 345B
or aluminum conforming to ASTM B 209M .Galvalume coating is 55% Aluminum and
about 45% Zinc by weight. An exterior surface coating on painted sheets of 25 microns
of epoxy primer with a highly durable polyester finish.
An interior surface coating on painted sheets of 12 microns of epoxy primer and

modified polyester or foam. The sheeting material is cold-rolled steel, high tensile 550
MPA yield stress, with hot dip metallic coating of Galvalume sheet.
4.5 ACCESSORIES
Anchor bolts:
Bolts used to anchor the structural members to the concrete floor, foundation or other
support. This usually refers to the bolts at the bottom of all columns.
Anchor bolts are manufactured with circular steel rods having threading portion at the top for
bolting and bent up at the bottom for Foundation.
Turbo ventilators
A Turbo Ventilator is a free spinning roof ventilator that works on free wind energy.
When there is a difference in thermal or wind pressure between the inside and outside of the
building, the air is forced to move through the opening of the Turbo Ventilator in order to
maintain an equilibrium condition.
The benefits of using turbo ventilators are that it improves air circulation and cuts off the
suffocation. Eco friendly turbo ventilator involves no operating cost, are free from maintenance
and are has trouble free operations.
Sky lights (or) wall lights
Sky lights may consists of poly carbonate sheets which is translucent sheet that allows
maximum light and minimum heat. High strength translucent panels are glass fiber reinforced
polyester, high strength and may be either and it provides with an estimated light transmitting
capacity of 60%. High strength translucent panels match standard panel profiles, are 1/16
thick, weigh 8 ounces per square foot, and are white with a granitized top surface. Insulated
translucent panels are available in type 1, "R" panel and standing seam profiles only. Damper,
Standard size is 3000 mm long with a throat opening of 300 mm.
Louvers
Standard Louvers shall have a 26 gauge galvanized steel frame, painted, with 26 gauge
blades.Heavy Duty Louver frames shall be 18 gauge galvanized steel frame, painted, with 20
gauge blades. Both Standard and Heavy Duty louvers shall be self-framing and self flashing.
They shall be equipped with adjustable or fixed blades as specified. Nominal sizes shall be 20" x 20" x 2'- 0", 3'-0" x 3'-0" 4'-0" x 3'-0", and 3'-0" x 4'-0
Walking doors
Walk doors are generally 915 mm or 1830 mm wide x 2134 mm high made of 20 gauge
electro galvanised steel with a core of polyurethane insulation. Door fixture is provided.
Aluminium windows
Designed for installation with wall panel, double slide, self flashing with pre-glazed
clear glass and removable half insect screen. Standard size is 1 m x 1 m. multiple
windows can be formed by joining the jamb fins together
.
Roof curbs
Enclosure for ducts or other roof projections. These are 2 mm thick glass fiber reinforced
plastic fitting roof panels and available in opening sizes 600 mm, 900 mm and 1200 mm
square.
Fasteners
Standard fasteners shall be self drilling screws with metal and neoprene washers. All
screws shall have hex heads and are zinc plated.
DESIGN OF PRE ENGINEERED STEEL BUILDING

6.1 INTRODUCTION
Pre-engineering of metal buildings can be optimized to meet specific design criteria.
Largely Indian and American practice of design is followed by most of the consultants and PEB
vendors in India these days. A brief of design codes used in each of these is attached herewith:
The main framing of PEB systems is analyzed by the stiffness matrix method. The
design is based on allowable stress design (ASD) as per the American institute of Steel
Construction specification or the IS 800. the design program provides an economic and
efficient design of the main frames and allows the user to utilize the program in different modes
to produce the frame design geometry and loading and the desired load combinations as
specified by the building code opted by the user.

The program operates through the
maximum number of cycles specified to
arrive at an acceptable design. The program uses the stiffness matrix method to arrive at the
solution of displacements and forces. The strain energy method is adopted to calculate the fixed
end moments, stiffness and carry over factors. Numerical integration is used.
6.2 DESIGN CYCLE
The design cycle consists of the following steps:
1. Set up section sizes and brace locations based on the geometry and loading specified for the
frame design.
2. Calculate moment, shear, and axial force at each analysis point for each load combination.
3. Compute allowable shear, allowable axial and allowable bending stress in compression and
tension at each analysis point.
4. Compute the corresponding stress ratios for shear, axial and bending based on the actual and
allowable stresses and calculate the combined stress ratios.
5. Design the optimum splice location and check to see whether the predicted sizes confirm to
manufacturing constraints.
6. Using the web optimization mode, arrive at the optimum web depths for the next cycle and
update the member data file.
7. At the end of all design cycles, an analysis is run to achieve flange brace optimization.
Frame Geometry
The program has the capability to handle different types of frame geometry as follows
Frames of different types viz. rigid frames, frames with multiple internal columns, single slope
frames, lean to frames etc; Frames with varying spans, varying heights and varying slopes etc.
Frames with different types of supports viz. pinned supports, fixed supports, sinking supports,
supports with some degrees of freedom released. Unsymmetrical frames with off centric,
unequal modules, varying slopes etc. User specified purlin and girt spacing and flange brace
location.
Frame Loading
Frame design can handle different types of loadings as described below:
All the building dead loads due to sheeting, purlins, etc. and the self weight of the frame and
Imposed live load on the frame with tributary reductions as well.
Wind loads input such as basic wind speed or basic wind pressure that will be converted to
deign wind pressure as per the building code specified by the user and shall be applied to the
different members of the building according to the coefficients mentioned in the codes
prescribed by the user. The standard building codes like MBMA, UBC, ANSI, IS: 875 parts 3
etc are used for this purpose. Crane and non crane loading can be specified by the user and the
program has the capability to handle these special loads and combine them with the other loads
as required.
Seismic loads corresponding to the different zone categories of various international codes can
also be defined and combined with other load cases as required. Temperature loads can also be
specified in the form of different differential temperature value on centigrade and specifying
the appropriate coefficient for the thermal expansion. Load combinations with appropriate load
factors can be specified by the user as desired.
PRE ENGINEERED FOR SUCCESS AND SCOPE FOR FUTURE STUDY

9.1 TRACKING GROWTH OF PEB
Emerging from their hiding places in concrete columns pre-engineered steel structures
(PEBs) are innovative solutions for construction projects across several sectors now as
discovers. As Infrastructure construction across the country is combining speed, economy,
safety, strength and aesthetics at awe inspiring levels, steel structures, until now a primary
foundation element, have risen as complete solutions in construction projects for various
structural requirements.
India is growing fast as an economy for pre-engineered buildings (PEBs) as it is
witnessing a boom in the infrastructure sector. Structural steel buildings or PEBs are addressing
parameters including finishes, environment control and life cycle with a panache derived from
product innovation and technology advancement.
Emerging as a strong alternative to conventional concrete construction methods, PEB in India

is validated by the 33% market share of PEBs in the construction industry. While this figure is
lower than some European countries, it marks India's growing global market share at 9.5
percent -- a step ahead of China's 8.5 percent. "The market demand is pegged at 425,000 TPA
with a 15% growth per annum,"(Kirby). "Current market size is around Rs.3,500 Crore and it is
expected to grow at 10% to 15% per year,"
Strength Building:
With the country's five year plan catering for infrastructure addition in the form of
airports, metros and bridges sector differentiation is expected to separate industrial buildings
and building systems. These include Design & Engineering, Manufacture and Construction &
Erection. This pattern of restructuring indicates an industry that sees PEBs coming into its own
with experiencing exponential growth with diversification into various sectors and segments.
Preferred Alternative:
While the application of PEBs has a wide potential, the concept is recognized and
preferred in the industrial construction segment. Add to that the reduced time to completion
with the benefit of quality, and there is recipe for success.
"PEB is getting its due credit as a favorable alternative construction methodology in
India today. More sectors are realizing the benefits of metal over brick and mortar. The scope of
metal/steel buildings is very vast for the Indian market. PEB proves to be relevant and
beneficial to several construction verticals including warehousing, infrastructure, oil & gas
refineries as well as group housing,"(Kirby). "The advantages of having a steel structure or
building over traditional concrete are far too many. Primarily, speed and quality of construction
are the top two benefits. Steel buildings are fire, quake and cyclone resistant hence from a
safety and longevity perspective, these buildings are timeless".
9.2 SCOPE FOR FUTURE STUDY
Multi Storey Buildings: PEB has boon to Multi storey Buildings in India. Decking sheets with
concrete over can be used as roofing and raised to any extent above 40 meters. These have a
tracking rate of 80% in western countries.
Fiber Glass Wool Insulation for PEBs:
A critical and necessary ingredient in the PEB System is thermal and acoustic
insulation. This is necessary to minimize heat gain (or energy loss, for an air conditioned
building) as well as to provide acoustic insulation from heavy rain and other outside noises. In
a typical PEB structure, the roof accounts for approx. 40 to 50% of total heat gain, while walls
account for approx. 15 to 20% of heat gain. Almost 100% of PEBs world-wide are insulated for
the following reasons.
Minimize heat gain
Maximize thermal comfort
Minimize energy loss, cooling load and operating cost for air conditioned buildings
Provide acoustic insulation
Prevent unwanted moisture condensation
Cellular Columns or Rafters:
Cellular beams can achieve the same strength as solid I beams of the same depth with
significantly less steel use resulting in Lighter weight. These beams offer designers a number of
opportunities for sizes and sections including varying the depth of the beam and creating
tapered sections.
Standard Seam Roofina:

Standard Seam roofina which is particularly used for sheeting. Sheets are not punched
and rolled to one above the other in order to protect leakage of water
during rains.
COMPARISION BETWEEN PRE ENGINEERED BUILDING AND CONVENTIONAL

STEEL BUILDING
PRE ENGINEERED BUILDINGS Vs CONVENTIONAL BUILDINGS:-
SR
NO.
PROPERTY
WEIGHT
PRE ENGINEERED
STEEL BUILDINGS
Pre-engineered buildings are

on the average 30% lighter
because of the efficient use of
steel.
Primary
framing
CONVENTIONAL
STEEL BUILDINGS
STRUCTURE
Primary steel members are
selected hot rolled T
sections. Which are, in many
segments of the members
heavier than what is actually
DESIGN
DELIEVERY
FOUNDATIONS
ERECTION
SIMPLICITY
ERECTION
COST
AND TIME
SEISMIC
RESISTANCE
OVER ALL
members are tapered built up required by design? Members

section. With the large depths have constant cross section
in areas of higher stress.
regardless of the varying
magnitude of the local stresses
along the member length.
Secondary members are light Secondary
members
are
weight roll formed Z or selected from standard hot
C shaped members.
rolled sections which are
much heavier.
Specialized computer analysis Substantial engineering and
design programs optimize detailing work is required
material required. Drafting is from the very basic is required
also computerized using by the consultant with fewer
standard details to minimize design aids.
the use of project custom
details.
Quick and efficient: since Each
conventional
steel
PEBs are mainly formed by structure is designed from
standard
sections
and scratch with fewer design aids
connections design, time is available to the engineer.
significantly reduced. Basic
design based on international
design codes are used over
and over.
Average 6 to 8 weeks
Average 20 to 26 weeks
Simple design, easy to Extensive, heavy foundation
construct and light weight.
required.
Since the connection of The connections are normally
compounds is standard the complicated and differ from
learning curve of erection for project to project resulting tin
each subsequent project
increasing the time for
is faster.
erection of the buildings.
Both costs and time of Typically, conventional steel
erection are accurately known buildings are 20% more
based
upon
extensive expensive than PEB in most of
experience
with
similar the cases, the erection costs
buildings.
and time are not estimated
accurately.
The erection process is faster Erection process is slow and
and much easier with very extensive field labour is
less
required. Heavy equipment is
requirement for equipment.
also needed.
The low weight flexible Rigid heavy frames do not
frames offer higher resistance perform well in seismic zones
to seismic forces.
Price per square meter may be
PRICE
ARCHITECTUR
E
10
SOURCING AND
COORDINATIO
N
11
COST OF
CHARGE
ORDER
12
BUILDING
ACCESSORIES
13
FUTURE
EXPANSIONS
14
SAFETY AND
RESPONSIBILT
Y
15
as low as by 30 % than the

conventional building.
Outstanding
architectural
design can be achieved at low
cost
using
standard
architectural details and
interfaces.
Building is supplied complete
with all accessories including
erection for a single ONE
STOP SOURCE.
PEB manufactures usually
stock a large amount of that
can be flexibly used in many
types of PEB projects.
Designed to fit the system
with standardized and inter
changeable parts. Including
pre designed flashing and
trims. Building accessories
are mass produced for
economy and are available
with the building.
Future expansion is very easy
and simple.
Single
source
of
responsibility is there because
the entire job is being done by
one supplier.
All components have been

specified
and
designed
specially to act together as a
PERFORMANCE system
for
maximum
efficiency, precise fir and
peak performance in the field.
Higher price per square meter.

Special architectural design
and
features
must
be
developed for each project
which often requires research
and thus resulting in higher
cost.
Many sources of supply are
there so it becomes difficult to
coordinate and handle the
things.
Substitution of hot rolled
sections infrequently rolled by
mills is expensive and time
consuming.
Every
project
requires
different and special design
accessories
and
special
sourcing for each item.
Flashing and trims must be
uniquely
designed
and
fabricated.
Future expansion is most
tedious and more costly.
Multiple responsibilities can
result in question of who is
responsible
when the components do not
fit in properly, insufficient
material is supplied or parts
fail to perform particularly at
the
supplier/contractor
interface.
Components
are
custom
designed for a specific
application on a specific job.
Design and detailing errors are
possible when assembling
the diverse components into
unique buildings.
CONCLUSION
Steel is such a versatile material that every object we see in our daily life has used steel
directly or indirectly. There is no viable substitute to steel in construction activities. Steel
remains and will continue to remain logical and wide choice for construction purpose,
environmentally also, as much of the steel used is recycled.
Steel building offers more design and architectural flexibility for unique or conventional
styling. Its strength and large clear spans mean the design is not constrained by the need for
intermediate support walls. As your requirements changes over the years, you can reuse,
relocate, & modify the structure.
Pre-engineered Metal building concept forms an unique position in the construction
industry in view of their being ideally suited to the needs of modern Engineering Industry. It
would be the only solution for large industrial enclosures having thermal and acoustical
features. The major advantage of metal building is the high speed of design and construction
for buildings of various categories.
REFERENCES:
1. An explanatory handbook on proposed IS 875 (part3) Wind Loads on Buildings
and
structures by Department of Civil Engineering IIT Roorkee
2. Design of Steel Structures by R.Sathish Kumar and A.R. Santhakumar
3. Design Concept of Pre Engineered Building by Syed Firoz, Sarath Chandra kumar,
S. kanakamba rao International Journal of Engineering Research and
Applications,
vol2 pp 267- 272.
4. Design Flexibility of steel by Rajesh Maheshwari, Head Technical Marketing
(Coated Steel) at Tata BlueScope Steel Limited.
5. Pre Engineered Steel Buildings a promising Future by Dr. Abhay Gupta, Vice President
(Engineering) Era Building Systems Ltd.
6. Unicon Pre Engineered Buildings brochure
7. PEB a boon for Building Industry by Steel building systems India.
8. Fiberglass Wool Insulation for PEBs and Metal Roofs.
9. Design of Long span structures and Hangars by Amit Bharana ERA buildings ltd.
10. Pre Engineered for Success: Tracking Growth of PEB Steel buildings in India.
11. Pre Engineered Metal Buildings < The Latest Trend in Building Construction. By
K.K. Mitra Llyods Insulations Limited.
12. Contour the world of steel Buildings Brochure
13. PEB VS Conventional the Zamil Steel Limited.
14. CMAA A Pre Engineered Building Process Updated.
15. Kit Buildings Manufacturers, Big Country Buildings Pvt ltd Brouchure.
16. Pre Engineered Metal Buildings Section 13121, Bloomington.

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PERFORMANCE OF P.E.B.

UNDER GROUND MOTION

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS

PERFORMANCE OF P.E.B. UNDER GROUND MOTION

4. TECHNICAL PARAMETERS OF PEB

PERFORMANCE OF P.E.B. UNDER GROUND MOTION

PERFORMANCE OF P.E.B. UNDER GROUND MOTION

Allowable stress design method is used as per the AISC specifications.

STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT

PERFORMANCE OF P.E.B. UNDER GROUND MOTION

Reinforced Cement Concrete Buildings

PERFORMANCE OF P.E.B. UNDER GROUND MOTION

Conventional Steel Buildings

Pre Engineered Steel Buildings

PERFORMANCE OF P.E.B. UNDER GROUND MOTION

2. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF AN INDUSTRIAL

Span of truss - 24m.

Fig. No.2.1 Howe Truss Details

2.1 Load analysis:

PERFORMANCE OF P.E.B. UNDER GROUND MOTION

Live load (LL).

Dead Load Analysis:

Total D.L. at each panel points

Fig. No.2.2 Dead Load

Live load analysis:

(As per IS 875-1985 Part II Page no. 14)

PERFORMANCE OF P.E.B. UNDER GROUND MOTION

Fig. No.2.3 Live Load

PERFORMANCE OF P.E.B. UNDER GROUND MOTION

perpendicular to the ridge:

1. Wind is paralel to the ridge:

-4427.81 = 4427.81 (Uplifting)

PERFORMANCE OF P.E.B. UNDER GROUND MOTION

Fig. No.2.4 Wind Load

PERFORMANCE OF P.E.B. UNDER GROUND MOTION

(Scale 1cm = 0.5 KN)

2) For Wind load:

PERFORMANCE OF P.E.B. UNDER GROUND MOTION

(Scale 1cm = 0.5 KN)

Fig. No.2.6 Graphical analysis of Truss for Wind load

PERFORMANCE OF P.E.B. UNDER GROUND MOTION

4. DESIGN BY LIMIT STATE METHOD

PERFORMANCE OF P.E.B. UNDER GROUND MOTION

PERFORMANCE OF P.E.B. UNDER GROUND MOTION

4.1 Design of purlin

PERFORMANCE OF P.E.B. UNDER GROUND MOTION

= (1.5 2.232 42) / 10 = 5.356 KN-m

Ixx = 425104 mm4.

Iyy = 61.1104 mm4.

Zxx = 68.1103 mm3.

Zyy = 13.4103 mm3.

Shape Factor = 1.1436

IS 800-2007, P.No.18, Table No.02.

D / tw = [(125 2 8.2) / 5.3] = 20.5.

Check For Shear Capacity:

IS 800-2007, P.No.59, Clause No.8.4.

(Av Fyw) / (3 mo) = (662.5 250) / (3 1.10)

Check For moment capacity (Md):

IS 800-2007, P.No.54, Clause No. 8.2.2.