Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 23 views

    220 Mood Stabilizers

    Uploaded by

    anggana putri
    Bipolar disorder is characterized by alternating periods of mania, depression, and normal mood. Mood stabilizers are used to treat both the manic and depressive episodes of bipolar disorder. Lithium is considered the gold standard treatment but has side effects like nausea, tremor, and toxicity at high levels. Other mood stabilizers include anticonvulsants like divalproex and atypical antipsychotics like olanzapine. Antidepressants may also be used but require caution to avoid inducing mania. The most effective treatment combines pharmacotherapy with psychotherapy to address medication compliance and psychological issues.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    220 Mood Stabilizers

    Uploaded by

    anggana putri
    23 views4 pages
    Bipolar disorder is characterized by alternating periods of mania, depression, and normal mood. Mood stabilizers are used to treat both the manic and depressive episodes of bipolar disorder. Lithium is considered the gold standard treatment but has side effects like nausea, tremor, and toxicity at high levels. Other mood stabilizers include anticonvulsants like divalproex and atypical antipsychotics like olanzapine. Antidepressants may also be used but require caution to avoid inducing mania. The most effective treatment combines pharmacotherapy with psychotherapy to address medication compliance and psychological issues.

    Original Description:

    JIWA

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Bipolar disorder is characterized by alternating periods of mania, depression, and normal mood. Mood stabilizers are used to treat both the manic and depressive episodes of bipolar disorder. Lithium is considered the gold standard treatment but has side effects like nausea, tremor, and toxicity at high levels. Other mood stabilizers include anticonvulsants like divalproex and atypical antipsychotics like olanzapine. Antidepressants may also be used but require caution to avoid inducing mania. The most effective treatment combines pharmacotherapy with psychotherapy to address medication compliance and psychological issues.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    23 views4 pages

    220 Mood Stabilizers

    Uploaded by

    anggana putri
    Bipolar disorder is characterized by alternating periods of mania, depression, and normal mood. Mood stabilizers are used to treat both the manic and depressive episodes of bipolar disorder. Lithium is considered the gold standard treatment but has side effects like nausea, tremor, and toxicity at high levels. Other mood stabilizers include anticonvulsants like divalproex and atypical antipsychotics like olanzapine. Antidepressants may also be used but require caution to avoid inducing mania. The most effective treatment combines pharmacotherapy with psychotherapy to address medication compliance and psychological issues.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    Mood Stabilizers

    Bipolar Disorder (Manic Depressive Disorder)


    • Characterized by alternating periods of mania,
    depression, and normal mood.
    • Manic Symptoms
    • Unlimited physical and psychological energy.
    • Delusional feelings of self-worth that may reach
    level of psychosis.
    • Heightened emotional reactivity.
    • Incoherent thought processes.
    • Approximately 4% of population will show at
    least one episode of mania.

    3 diagnostic forms of bipolar disorder.


    • Bipolar I – Episodes of mania and depression
    severe enough to seriously disrupt functioning or
    require hospitalization.
    • Bipolar II – Less severe mania (hypomania)
    alternating with depression
    • Cyclothymia – Alternating elation and depressed
    mood not meeting criteria for mania or MDD.
    Subclassifications
    • Rapid Cycling
    • Mixed Mania

    1
    Pharmacotherapy for bipolar disorder
    • Characteristics of the ideal “mood stabilizer”.
    • Treats both depression and mania.
    • Doesn’t induce depression or mania.
    • Suitable as a prophylactic to prevent
    recurrence of symptoms.
    • No “cure” for bipolar disorder.

    Lithium Salt (e.g. LiCO3)


    • Oldest effective approach (1970s).
    • Still considered the “gold-standard”.

    Mechanism of action of Li+ still unclear.


    • Newer theory: Effects on second-messenger
    pathways?
    • Neuroprotective effects?
    • Effects on ion channels to inhibit cellular activity?
    • eg. VG Na+ channels?

    Side-effects of Lithium contribute to narrow


    therapeutic window and patient noncompliance.
    • Gastrointestinal – Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea.
    • Neurological – Headache, muscle tremor,
    lethargy, blunted cognition, slurred speech.
    • Dermatological – Skin rash and acne.
    • Weight gain
    • Teratogenicity
    • Toxic levels can cause seizures, confusion,
    irregular heartbeat, coma, death.
    • Very important to monitor Li+ blood levels.

    2
    • Li+ eliminated only by renal excretion.
    • Reduced renal functioning can lead to toxicity.
    • Reduced Na+ intake can interfere with
    excretion and lead to toxicity.
    Alternatives to Lithium
    • Anticonvulsants
    • E.g., Divalproex (Depakote)
    • Used alone or in combination with Li+.
    • More effective than Li+ for acute mania and
    rapid-cycling.
    • Similar side-effects as Li+ but less severe.

    Atypical Antipsychotics
    • Use of Typical antipsychotics actually predates
    Li+.
    • Wasn’t very effective and caused EPS.

    • Atypical Antipsychotics are effective (more for


    mania) with no EPS.
    • Olanzapine (Zyprexa) most common.
    • Used alone or in combination with other
    drugs.

    Antidepressants
    • Most commonly SSRIs, buproprion, or
    venlafaxine.
    • Used during depressive phase only…
    …or as a prophylactic in combination with an
    antimania drug.
    • Symbyax (olanzapine + fluoxetine).

    • CAUTION: May induce mania or rapid cycling.

    3
    • Anti-anxiety medications (benzodiazepines)
    used in combination with mood stabilizers.
    • E.g., Diazepam (Valium)

    • Omega 3 fatty acids (herbal remedy).

    The most effective treatment for bipolar seems


    to be a combination of pharmacotherapy and
    psychotherapy.
    • Psychotherapy useful for:
    • Medication compliance.
    • Psychological issues associated with the
    disorder (e.g., interpersonal, self esteem,
    occupational, etc…).
    • Recognition of the disorder as a disease.

    You might also like