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DDL Commands

The document discusses various data definition language (DDL) and data manipulation language (DML) commands in SQL. It describes the CREATE command for creating tables with columns and data types. It explains how the ALTER command can modify existing tables by adding or dropping columns. It also outlines the DROP, TRUNCATE, and RENAME commands for removing or renaming tables. For DML, it covers the INSERT command for adding rows, the UPDATE command for modifying rows, and the DELETE command for removing rows from tables.

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saravananaec
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166 views

DDL Commands

The document discusses various data definition language (DDL) and data manipulation language (DML) commands in SQL. It describes the CREATE command for creating tables with columns and data types. It explains how the ALTER command can modify existing tables by adding or dropping columns. It also outlines the DROP, TRUNCATE, and RENAME commands for removing or renaming tables. For DML, it covers the INSERT command for adding rows, the UPDATE command for modifying rows, and the DELETE command for removing rows from tables.

Uploaded by

saravananaec
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DDL Commands:

1. Create
2. Alter
3. Drop
4. Truncate
5. Rename

1.Create
Table name is Student
Column name Data type Size
Reg_no varchar2 10
Name Char 30
DOB Date
Address varchar2 50

Example:

CREATE TABLE Student


(Reg_no varchar2(10),
Name char(30),
DOB date,
Address varchar2(50));

After the table created use SQL> desc Student;

2. The ALTER Table Command

By The use of ALTER TABLE Command we can modify our exiting table.

Adding New Columns

Syntax:
ALTER TABLE <table_name>
ADD (<NewColumnName> <Data_Type>(<size>),......n)

Example:
ALTER TABLE Student ADD (Age number(2), Marks number(3));

The Student table is already exist and then we added two more
columns Age and Marks respectively, by the use of above command.

3. The DROP Command


Syntax:
DROP TABLE <table_name>

Example:
DROP TABLE Student;
It will destroy the table and all data which will be recorded in it.

4. The TRUNCATE Command

Syntax:
TRUNCATE TABLE <Table_name>

Example:
TRUNCATE TABLE Student;

5. The RENAME Command

Syntax:
RENAME <OldTableName> TO <NewTableName>

Example:
RENAME <Student> TO <Stu>

The old name table was Student now new name is the Stu.

DML Commands:

1. SELECT
2. INSERT
3.UPDATE
4.DELETE

2. INSERT

More than one are there to Insert data into a table

eg: SQL> insert into student values(123,'Rajesh','12-Mar-88','First Cross Street',23);


eg : SQL> insert into student values(124,'Vishnu','12-April-88','Second Cross Street',23);

Note : Character expression placed within the insert into statement must be enclosed in single quotes (').

Note: After inserting the values SQL> Select * from student;


3. UPDATE Operation:

The UPDATE command is used to change or modify data values in a table and UPDATE
command can Update all the rows from the table or a set of rows from the table.

eg : UPDATE Student SET course='MCA';

4. DELETE Operation:

The DELETE command can remove all the rows from the table or a set of rows from the table.

eg: DELETE FROM student; It will DELETE all the rows from student table.

eg: DELETE FROM student WHERE reg_no='A101'; If condition will be satisfied then it will delete
a row from the table Register number A101 will be deleted from the table

If you want to delete table column then use ALTER TABLE command.
eg : ALTER TABLE student DROP COLUMN dob; The DOB column will be
deleted from the student table.

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