Artificial Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence is a way of making a computer, a computer-controlled robot, or a software think

intelligently, in the similar manner the intelligent humans think. AI is accomplished by studying how
human brain thinks, and how humans learn, decide, and work while trying to solve a problem, and then
using the outcomes of this study as a basis of developing intelligent software and systems. Most AI
examples that we hear about today – from chess-playing computers to self-driving cars – rely heavily on
deep learning and natural language processing. Using these technologies, computers can be trained to
accomplish specific tasks by processing large amounts of data and recognizing patterns in the data.

Block Chain

A blockchain is a continuously growing list of records, called blocks, which are linked and secured using
cryptography. Each block typically contains a hash pointer as a link to a previous block, a timestamp and
transaction data. By design, a blockchain is inherently resistant to modification of the data. It is "an
open, distributed ledger that can record transactions between two parties efficiently and in a verifiable
and permanent way". For use as a distributed ledger, a blockchain is typically managed by a peer-to-
peer network collectively adhering to a protocol for validating new blocks. Once recorded, the data in
any given block cannot be altered retroactively without the alteration of all subsequent blocks, which
requires collusion of the network majority.

IoT

The Internet of things (IoT) is the network of physical devices, vehicles, home appliances and other items
embedded with electronics, software, sensors, actuators, and network connectivity which enables these
objects to connect and exchange data. Each thing is uniquely identifiable through its embedded
computing system but is able to inter-operate within the existing Internet infrastructure.

5G

5th generation mobile networks or 5th generation wireless systems, abbreviated 5G, are the proposed
next telecommunications standards beyond the current 4G/IMT-Advanced standards, operating in the
millimeter wave bands (28, 38, and 60 GHz).

5G aims at higher capacity than current 4G, allowing a higher density of mobile broadband users, and
supporting device-to-device, more reliable, and massive machine communications. 5G research and
development also aims at lower latency than 4G equipment and lower battery consumption

LiFi

LiFi is a technology for wireless communication between devices using light to transmit data. Li-Fi is a
visible light communications system that is capable of transmitting data at high speeds over the visible
light spectrum, ultraviolet and infrared radiation. Using light to transmit data allows Li-Fi to offer several
advantages like working across higher bandwidth, working in areas susceptible to electromagnetic
interference (e.g. aircraft cabins, hospitals) and offering higher transmission speeds.
Massive MIMO

Multiple-antenna (MIMO) technology is becoming mature for wireless communications and has been
incorporated into wireless broadband standards like LTE and Wi-Fi. Basically, the more antennas the
transmitter/receiver is equipped with, the more the possible signal paths and the better the
performance in terms of data rate and link reliability. The price to pay is increased complexity of the
hardware (number of RF amplifier frontends) and the complexity and energy consumption of the signal
processing at both ends.

Massive MIMO (also known as Large-Scale Antenna Systems, Very Large MIMO, Hyper MIMO, Full-
Dimension MIMO and ARGOS) makes a clean break with current practice through the use of a very large
number of service antennas (e.g., hundreds or thousands) that are operated fully coherently and
adaptively. Extra antennas help by focusing the transmission and reception of signal energy into ever-
smaller regions of space. This brings huge improvements in throughput and energy efficiency, in
particularly when combined with simultaneous scheduling of a large number of user terminals.

IEEE
Higher Layer LAN Protocols (Bridging) active
802.1

IEEE
LLC disbanded
802.2

IEEE
Ethernet active
802.3

IEEE
Token bus disbanded
802.4

IEEE
Token ring MAC layer disbanded
802.5

IEEE
MANs (DQDB) disbanded
802.6

IEEE
Broadband LAN using Coaxial Cable disbanded
802.7
IEEE
Fiber Optic TAG disbanded
802.8

IEEE
Integrated Services LAN (ISLAN or isoEthernet) disbanded
802.9

IEEE
Interoperable LAN Security disbanded
802.10

IEEE
Wireless LAN (WLAN) & Mesh (Wi-Fi certification) active
802.11

IEEE
100BaseVG disbanded
802.12

IEEE Reserved for Fast

Unused[2]
802.13 Ethernet development[3]

IEEE
Cable modems disbanded
802.14

IEEE
Wireless PAN active
802.15

IEEE
Bluetooth certification active
802.15.1

IEEE
IEEE 802.15 and IEEE 802.11 coexistence
802.15.2

IEEE
High-Rate wireless PAN (e.g., UWB, etc.)
802.15.3

IEEE Low-Rate wireless

active
802.15.4 PAN (e.g., ZigBee, WirelessHART, MiWi, etc.)
IEEE
Mesh networking for WPAN
802.15.5

IEEE
Body area network active
802.15.6

IEEE
Visible light communications
802.15.7

IEEE
Broadband Wireless Access (WiMAX certification)
802.16

IEEE
Local Multipoint Distribution Service
802.16.1

IEEE
Coexistence wireless access
802.16.2

IEEE
Resilient packet ring hibernating
802.17

IEEE
Radio Regulatory TAG
802.18

IEEE
Coexistence TAG
802.19

IEEE
Mobile Broadband Wireless Access hibernating
802.20

IEEE
Media Independent Handoff
802.21

IEEE
Wireless Regional Area Network
802.22
IEEE
Emergency Services Working Group
802.23

IEEE
Smart Grid TAG New (November, 2012)
802.24

IEEE
Omni-Range Area Network
802.25