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Aace International Scheduling: Making Time Calculations

This document discusses scheduling techniques for projects, including activity coding, work breakdown structures (WBS), and forward and backward passes. It explains that the WBS provides a hierarchical structure to organize project activities from high level summaries to detailed tasks. Each activity is assigned a unique code corresponding to its place in the WBS. Calculating early and late start/finish dates involves performing forward and backward passes through the network to determine the earliest and latest possible schedules.

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Sucher Eolas
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23 views

Aace International Scheduling: Making Time Calculations

This document discusses scheduling techniques for projects, including activity coding, work breakdown structures (WBS), and forward and backward passes. It explains that the WBS provides a hierarchical structure to organize project activities from high level summaries to detailed tasks. Each activity is assigned a unique code corresponding to its place in the WBS. Calculating early and late start/finish dates involves performing forward and backward passes through the network to determine the earliest and latest possible schedules.

Uploaded by

Sucher Eolas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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AACE INTERNATIONAL SCHEDULING

bered 21000 and 22000. Summarizing on WBS 2, where the


first digit is equal to 2, provides the total project process In addition to the previous construction example, Figure
information. 13.12 is provided to display a nonconstruction WBS example.
The lowest level of any WBS of the project constitutes the SCHEDULING TECHNIQUES
detailed work activities. Higher levels constitute summaries
of the detailed activities. Making Time Calculations
Once a network has been created and the duration of each
Activity Coding activity has been established, both the total time required to
Table 13.3 illustrates a listing of detailed schedule activities. reach project completion and the individual start and finish
Included in Table 13.3 is the process WBS coding. The code times for each activity can be calculated. The four time values
for each WBS can be input into one of many activity code as associated with each activity are Early Start (ES), Early
fields when using computer-based project management sys- Finish (EF), Late Start (LS), and Late Finish (LF).
tems. It is necessary that every activity have a unique
alphanumeric identifier. It is generally better to use the The computations required to calculate the above times
process-based WBS since it is usually the most detailed WBS. involve simple addition and subtraction. Manual computa-
tion is easy and logical, but it can become tedious and time
The WBS for any particular project is usually prepared by proj- consuming when done for large networks.
ect control personnel. However, project control personnel do
not perform the actual work. Consequently, it is imperative Forward and Backward Pass
that project control personnel and the project personnel who The forward pass through the network determines each
actually do the work reach an agreement concerning the WBS. activity’s ES and EF and the project’s duration or the earliest
Table 13.3—Detailed Activity List with WBS Coding date a project can finish. The backward pass through the net-
work determines each activity’s LS and LF. The calculations
assume that activities begin on the morning of the scheduled
start date and end in the evening of the scheduled finish date
and that an event or milestone occurs on the evening of the
day its last predecessor finished.

Before starting the network calculation, the precedence net-


work list of activities is revisited to include the activity dura-
tion as shown in Table 13.4. The activity duration is the

Figure 13.12—Nonconstruction WBS

13.9

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