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    Pathway HD

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    ketut dana.
    The document discusses some of the risks and side effects associated with hemodialysis therapy. (1) During hemodialysis (intra-HD), patients are at risk of bleeding, infections, and allergic reactions due to anticoagulant use and contact with dialysate. Movement of fluid and changes in acid-base balance can also cause nausea, muscle cramps, and pain. (2) After hemodialysis (post-HD), patients may experience low blood pressure, anemia, fatigue, and soreness from needle sites as blood is filtered and fluid is removed during the procedure. Overall, the document outlines some potential complications patients may face during and after hemodialysis treatment sessions.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Pathway HD

    Uploaded by

    ketut dana.
    146 views2 pages
    The document discusses some of the risks and side effects associated with hemodialysis therapy. (1) During hemodialysis (intra-HD), patients are at risk of bleeding, infections, and allergic reactions due to anticoagulant use and contact with dialysate. Movement of fluid and changes in acid-base balance can also cause nausea, muscle cramps, and pain. (2) After hemodialysis (post-HD), patients may experience low blood pressure, anemia, fatigue, and soreness from needle sites as blood is filtered and fluid is removed during the procedure. Overall, the document outlines some potential complications patients may face during and after hemodialysis treatment sessions.

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    PATHWAY HD.docx

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    The document discusses some of the risks and side effects associated with hemodialysis therapy. (1) During hemodialysis (intra-HD), patients are at risk of bleeding, infections, and allergic reactions due to anticoagulant use and contact with dialysate. Movement of fluid and changes in acid-base balance can also cause nausea, muscle cramps, and pain. (2) After hemodialysis (post-HD), patients may experience low blood pressure, anemia, fatigue, and soreness from needle sites as blood is filtered and fluid is removed during the procedure. Overall, the document outlines some potential complications patients may face during and after hemodialysis treatment sessions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    146 views2 pages

    Pathway HD

    Uploaded by

    ketut dana.
    The document discusses some of the risks and side effects associated with hemodialysis therapy. (1) During hemodialysis (intra-HD), patients are at risk of bleeding, infections, and allergic reactions due to anticoagulant use and contact with dialysate. Movement of fluid and changes in acid-base balance can also cause nausea, muscle cramps, and pain. (2) After hemodialysis (post-HD), patients may experience low blood pressure, anemia, fatigue, and soreness from needle sites as blood is filtered and fluid is removed during the procedure. Overall, the document outlines some potential complications patients may face during and after hemodialysis treatment sessions.

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    Glomerulonefritis Diabetes melitus Hipertensi Ginjal polikistik

    kronik, pielonefritis
    kronik
    ↑ viskositas darah ↑ volume darah ke ginjal Terbentuk kista pada
    parenkim ginjal
    ↓ ukuran ginjal, terbentuk
    jaringan parut ↓ perfusi ke ginjal Ginjal tidak mampu menyaring
    darah yang terlalu banyak

    Kerusakan ginjal

    ↓ GFR

    Gangguan fungsi ginjal berlangsung kronik

    PGK (CKD)

    Kerusakan glomerulus Kerusakan tubulus

    ↓ jumlah Terganggunya
    glomerulus yang fungsi absorbsi,
    berfungsi sekresi, eksresi

    ↓ klirens ginjal Menumpuknya


    toksik metabolit
    (fosfat, hidrogen,
    Tertimbunnya urea, amonia,
    produk hasil kreatinin, dsb)
    metabolisme
    protein di dalam
    darah

    Sindrom Uremia

    Terapi pengganti
    ginjal

    HEMODIALISA

    Pre-HD Intra-HD Post-HD

    1 2
    PK: Uremia
    PK: Uremia Gangguan
    mekanisme Kecemasan
    regulasi menghadapi terapi Ansietas
    hemodialisa
    Kelebihan
    volume cairan
    (1) Intra-HD

    Pemberian terapi
    heparin Tindakan invasif Penggunaan Penarikan cairan berlebih
    saat pemasangan cairan dialisat & cepat ke dalam dializer
    jarum fistula pada asetat
    Terapi AV Shunt
    antikoagulan ↓volume cairan tubuh Resiko
    Bersifat asam (hipovolemi) syok
    Adanya jalur asestat hipo-
    Menghambat
    faktor-faktor masuk volemi
    pembekuan darah mikroorganisme Gangguan Meningkatkan a
    (port D’Entri) hemodinamik produksi asam
    lambung
    Mudah terjadi
    perdarahan Menimbulkan
    Risiko Infeksi suasana asam Merangsang
    dalam darah pusat mual di Nausea
    Risiko
    medula
    perdarahan
    Penumpukan asam
    Nyeri
    Nyeri akut laktat pada otot
    pada otot

    (2) Post-HD

    Peredaran darah
    Pemakaian cairan Proses ultrafiltrasi Tindakan ekstrakorporeal
    dialisat (dialisat asetat invasive
    & bikarbonat)
    ↑penyaringan &
    pemasukan Ca Tertinggalnya
    Reaksi hipersensitivitas Adanya bekas sebagian darah pada
    luka tusukan selang kateter
    Depolarisasi Ca
    Reaksi antigen
    antibodi Penurunan
    Kontraksi otot jumlah sel darah
    Jalur masuk
    Pengeluaran sitokin terus menerus merah yang
    mikroorganisme
    masuk ke tubuh
    Kram otot
    Terasa gatal pada kulit Resiko infeksi
    Penurunan
    Nyeri hemoglobin
    PK: pruritus
    Nyeri akut
    PK: anemia

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