HIGH VOLTAGE INDUCTION MOTOR TESTING (TEMPERATURE RISE)

GB/T 1032-2005

1. Direct Loading Method

2. Indirect Loading Method

 Reduced Voltage Method

 Reduced Current method

 Superimposed Method (Lap frequency Method)

11.5.4 While taking the test results determine the value of cooling temperature.
试验结束时冷却价值温度的确定

11.5.4.1 Continuous motor rating and intermittent work system

The motor of fixed and intermittent periods of continuous work system, the test
result of temperature after cooling test, should be within the ¼ of the last phase in the
total investigation, will be the average of the several temperature rating obtained in the
time intervals.
连续定额和断续工作制电机
对连续定额和断续周期工作制定额的电机，试验结束时的冷却价值温度，应
取在整个试验过程最后的 1/4 时间内，按相同时间间隔测得的几个温度计读数的平
均值。
11.5.4.2 Short-term fixed motor
For the short- term fixed motor, value of the cooling test temperature at the end, if the
quota is below 30min, take 1 / 2 the average test time the thermometer reads.
短时定额电机
对短时定额的电机，试验结束时的冷却价值温度，若定额为 30min 及以下，取试验
开始与结束时的温度计读数的平均值；若定额为 30min~90min，取 1/2 试验时间温
度计读数的平均值。

11.6 Motor windings and other parts temperature determination

电机绕组及其他各部分温度的测定

11.6.1 Determination of winding temperature

Motor winding resistance method temperature measurement, priority should be
charged with double bridge temperature measurement method. If the motor has seized
thermometer embedded, should measure the temperature with a check.
绕组温度的测定
电机绕组的温度用电阻法测量，应优先采用双桥带电测温法。如电机有埋置
检温计，则用检温计测量。

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11.6.2 Determination of core temperature
The core temperature can be measured with temperature gauge or thermometer, for
large and medium-sized motors, there should be at least 2 thermometers, take the
heighest temperature as the core temperature.
铁心温度的测定
铁心温度用检温计或温度计测量，对大、中型电机，温度计应不少于 2 支，
取最高值作为铁心温度。

11.6.3 Determination of bearing temperature

Check the bearing temperature with a thermometer. For plain bearings, place the
thermometer in the bearing temperature hole or on the surface near the bearing, for roll
bearing, thermometer should be placed at the nearest bearing outer ring.
轴承温度的测定
轴承温度用检温计测量。对于滑动轴承，温度计放入轴承的测温孔内或者放
在接近轴瓦的表面处，对于滚动轴承，温度计放在最接近轴承外圈处。

11.6.4 Collector ring temperature measurement

After the motor stops, quickly take the surface temperature of the collecting ring, the
highest value measured will be the collector ring temperature.
集电环温度的测量
电机停机后，立即用温度计测量集电环表面的温度，取测得的最高值作为集
电环温度。

11.7 Thermal test method

Thermal test methods are the direct load method and the equivalent load method.
Should give priority to the direct load method.
Equivalent load method includes lower voltage load method; reduce the current load
method and the stator Superimposed. Equivalent load method is limited to continuous
fixed motors. If there is less of equipment, for motors of more than 100kV, allow the use
of lower voltage load method; for vertical of more than 300kV motors, use the stator
Superimposed, for motors of more than 1000kV or IN ≥800A, use the reduced current
load method.
热试验方法
热试验方法有直接负载法和等效负载法。应优先采用直接负载法。
等效负载法包括降低电压负载法、降低电流负载法和定子叠频法。等效负载法
限于连续定额电动机采用。如限于设备，对 100kV 以上的电机，允许采用降低电
压负载法；对立式或 300kV 以上的电机，允许采用定子叠频法；对 1000kV 以上或
IN ≥800A 的电动机，允许采用降低电流负载法。

11.7.1 Direct load method

Direct load method of heat test shall be at rated frequency, rated voltage, rated
current of power or chromium under license.
直接负载法
直接负载法的热试验应在额定频率、额定电压、额定功率或铬牌电流下进行。

11.7.1.1 Continuous rating motor

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GB/T 1032-2005
While testing, the test motor should maintain a specific load, until all parts of the motor
reaches a steady thermal temperature and stop. While testing, record every half-hour test
where the motor voltage is U, Current I1, the input power P1, the frequency f, n, or slip
speed s1, Torque Td (limited A method and B (B1) method), Stator core and winding
temperature θN, bearings, inlet and outlet cooling air around the cooling medium and the
medium temperature θa. If a charged thermometer is used, the test should be the end of
every half-hour before the measurement of winding resistance.
While testing, should opt for a method, and should minimize the temperature
change of the cooling.
If using extrapolation to determine the temperature rise of the winding, shut down of the
motor after the power outage, winding resistance should be measured immediately, as
well as according to 11.7.7 Thermal tests determine the rated load resistance RN. For the
an external cooler and the motor cooling air pipe, while the motor gets disconnected from
the power supply, Should stop the supply of cooling medium.

Where is within ±10%

Where is within ±5%

If the Chrome license current gets a temperature increase test, corresponded rated
power of the winding temperature rise ΔθN (K) are translated as follows:
连续定额电动机
试验时，被试电机应保持额定负载，直到电机各部分温升达到热稳定状态为止。实
验过程中，每隔半小时记录被试电机的电压 U，电流 I1，输入功率 P1，频率 f，转
速 n 或转差 s1，转矩 Td（限于 A 法和 B（B1）法），绕组温度 θN 以及定子铁心、
轴承、风道进出口冷却介质和周围冷却介质的温度 θa。如采用带电测温法，还应
每隔半小时以及试验结束前测量绕组的电阻。
试验期间，应采取措施，尽量减少冷却介质温度的变化。
如采用外推法确定绕组的温升，电机在断电停机后，应立即测量绕组的电阻，并按
11.7.7 确定额定负载热试验后电阻 RN。 对采用外接冷却器及管道通风冷却的电机，
在电机切离电源的同时，应停止冷却介质的供给。
如以铬牌电流进行温升试验，对应于额定功率时的绕组温升 ΔθN（K）按下
述方法换算：

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Where:
式中：

IN-- Rated current, and current during rated power, In amperes (A), obtained from the
operating characteristics curve;
IN—额定电流，即额定功率时的电流，单位为安培（A），从工作特性曲线上求得；
I1-- Thermal test current, in amperes (A). Throughout the trial within the last 1 / 4 time,
current average measured in equal intervals of time.
I1—热试验的电流，单位为安培（A）。取在整个试验过程最后的 1/4 时间内，按
相等时间间隔测得的电流平均值；

Δθ-- Corresponding to the test current, the winding temperature rise of the I1, in units of
Kelvin (K). ( see 11.3.2)
Δθ—对应于试验电流，I1 的绕组温升，单位为开尔文（K）。（见 11.3.2）

11.7.1.2 Short time standard (S2 work, work system) motor

The test should start from in the actual cold state. The specific test duration should be
according to the fixed rule. During the test, with accordance to the work the time limit is
decided, in each 5min ~ 15min intervals test records will be taken. Other experiments as
per 11.7.1.1.
Corresponds to the rated power of the winding temperature rise ΔθN translated
as follows:

When is in the ± 5% range, according to equation (71) for conversion.

When not within ± 5%, they should redo the thermal test.
短时定额（S2 工作工作制）电动机
试验应从实际冷状态下开始。试验的特续时间按定额的规定。试验时，按照工作时
限长短，每间隔 5min~15min 记录一次试验数据。其他实验要求同 11.7.1.1。
对应于额定功率时的绕组温升 ΔθN 按下述方法换算：
当{。。。。} 在 ±5%范围内时，按式（71）进行换算。
当（。。。。）不在±5%范围内时，应重做热试验。

11.7.1.3 The work to the amount of intermittent cycle (S3 work system) motor
If there are no other regulations, the test of each work period should be 10 min,
until the increase of temperature of all parts of motor reach the condition of thermal
stability. Temperature should be measured at the end of a working cycle of the load when
the end half the time. To reduce the test duration, at the beginning of the experiment a
specific load can be continued for some time.
For winding rotor motors, for each start, the motor winding should be in series
with additional resistance or reactance, the average of the starting current limited being
within 2 times rated current range (Base load special renewal rate of the rated current
value). During end of each work cycle, the motor should stop rotating within 3s.

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Other experiments require the same as 11.7.1.1.
For the rated power of the winding temperature rise ΔθN calculated by the rules of
11.7.1.2.
断续周期工作制定额（S3 工作制）电动机
如无其他规定，试验时每一个工作周期应为 10 min，直到电机各部分温度升
达到热稳定状态为止。温度的测定应在最后一个工作周期负载时间的一半终了时进
行。为了缩短试验时间，在实验开始时负载可适当地特续一段时间。
对绕线转子电动机，每次起动时，应在转子绕组中串入附加电阻或电抗，将
起动电流的平均值限制在 2 倍额定电流（基准负载特续率时的额定电流值）范围内。
每一工作周期的运行结束时，电动机应在 3s 内停止转动。
其他实验要求同 11.7.1.1。
对应于额定功率时的绕组温升 ΔθN 按 11.7.1.2 的规定换算。

11.7.2 Equivalent load method

等效负载法

11.7.2.1 Reduce the voltage load method

While using of lower voltage load, thermal tests should be carried out as following:
a) The rated frequency and rated voltage with no-load thermal test, & determine at
this time the winding temperature rise Δθ0, core temperature ΔθFe0.
b) The thermal test should be carried out with rated frequency, 1 / 2 rated voltage
and rated current, & determine the winding temperature rise at this time Δθr,
core temperature ΔθFer.
At this point, the rated current will be determined by the method 10.8.2. Test
requirements being same with 11.7.1.1.
Corresponds to the rated power of the winding temperature rise Δθ (K) and the core
temperature ΔθFeN (K) is determined as follows:

Where:

Po-- Rated voltage no-load input power, in watts (W), no load test strike;
Por-- 1 / 2 rated voltage no-load input power, in watts (W), no load test strike.
降低电压负载法
采用降低电压负载时，应进行下列热试验：
a） 以额定频率和额定电压进行空载热试验，并确定此时的绕组温升 Δθ0、铁
心温升 ΔθFe0。
b） 以额定频率、1/2 额定电压和额定电流进行热试验，并确定此时绕组温升
Δθr，铁心温升 ΔθFer。
此时，额定电流按 10.8.2 的方法确定。试验要求同 11.7.1.1。
对应于额定功率时的绕组温升 Δθ（K）和铁心温升 ΔθFeN（K）按下时确定：

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式中：
Po—额定电压时的空载输入功率，单位为瓦特（W），由空载试验求取；
Por—1/2 额定电压时的空载输入功率，单位为瓦特（W），由空载试验求取。

11.7.2.2 Reduce the current load method

While reducing the load current method, Thermal tests should be carried out as
following:
a) The rated frequency and rated voltage no-load thermal test, determine the
winding temperature rise at this time Δθa (K);
b) Part load thermal test to be carried out with the rated frequency, lower voltage
and the maximum possible current (I ≥ 0.7IN).
c) Rated frequency & as per the b) test voltage do the no load thermal test.
Determine this winding temperature rise as Δθc (K).
d) Known Δθa, Δθb and Δθc, connecting Δθb and Δθc two points a straight line
(see Figure 6), By Δθa point for Δθb and Δθc two parallel lines connected. This
parallels with the abscissa (I / IN) ² = 1 point perpendicular intersection ΔθN
(K), Shall be a test motor at rated voltage and rated current of the winding
temperature rise.
降低电流负载法
采用降低负载电流法时，应进行下列热试验：
a） 以额定频率和额定电压进行空载热试验，确定此时的绕组温升
Δθa（K）；
b） 以额定频率、降低的电压和最大可能的电流（I≥0.7IN）进行部分负载下的
热试验，确定此时的绕组温升 Δθb（K）；
c） 以额定频率和对应于 b）试验的电压进行空载热试验，确定此时的绕组温
升 Δθc（K）.
已知 Δθa、Δθb 和 Δθc，连接 Δθb 和 Δθc 两点作一直线（见图 6），通过 Δθa 点作
Δθb 和 Δθc 两点连线的平行线。此平行线与横坐标（I/IN）²=1 点的垂线交点
ΔθN(K)，即为被试电机在额定电压和额定电流时的绕组温升。

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11.7.2.3 Stator Superimposed

Test circuit shown in Figure 7. The main power supply and negative supply are the
generators. Auxiliary power is the Generator. Auxiliary power generator rated current
should not be less than the rated current of the test motor, Voltage level etc should be
same to the test motor.

M: Test Motor
G: Auxiliary power generator
U1: Terminal voltage (rated voltage);

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f1: Frequency (nominal frequency)
I1: Primary current of induction motor
U2: auxiliary voltage
f2: Auxiliary power supply frequency
P1: Input power
Note 1: The auxiliary power supply phase sequence should be the same as the main
power supply.
Note 2: U2 should be less than U1 (U1 usually the 10% ~ 20%), U2 is to produce the
required rated current I1 applied voltage.

定子叠频法
试验线路如图 7 所示。主电源和负电源均为发电机。副电源均为发电机。副电源发
电机的额定电流应不小于被试电机的额定电流，电压等级应与被试电机相同。

M：被试电动机
T：串接变压器
G: 辅助电源发电机
U1： 端电压（额定电压）；
f1： 频率（额定频率）
I1：感应电机的初级电流
U2： 辅助电压
f2 : 辅助电源频率；
P1： 输入功率
注 1： 辅助电源相序应与主电源相同。
注 2： U2 应小于 U1 （通常为 U1 的 10%~20%），U2 是产生额定电流 I1 所必修施
加的电压值。

When the stator is superimposed，Impose on the main & auxiliary power of test motor
winding should be same. At the front of the terminal the main and auxiliary power can be
started by the test motor, if the steering is in line, the phase sequence will be the same.
While testing, first start the main motor with the test motor, to the rated frequency,
rated voltage no-load operation. After that, start up the auxiliary motor, Adjust its speed
to correspond to the speed of the value of a frequency f2. Rated frequency being 50Hz
motor, f2 should be selected within the range 38Hz ~ 42Hz. After that, Auxiliary power
generator will be put into excitation, adjust the magnetic current, be tested to full load
current of the motor stator current in the loading process, adjust the main power supply at
any time, maintain the rated voltage by the test motor, While maintaining the same
frequency f2. Subjects the motor full load current at rated voltage value can be
determined as 10.7 or 10.9. Experimental requirements to meet with 11.7.1.1.
While regulating the load by the test motor, such as the meter pointer swings largest
or try a larger vibration in he motor and test power equipment, auxiliary supply voltage
should be reduced, The value of the frequency f2 by another auxiliary power unit to
adjust speed, then re-test.

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采用定子叠频法时，施于被试电机绕组的主、副电源的相序应相同。可在接线前由
主、副电源起动被试电机，若转向一致，即为同相序。
试验时，首先由主电源起动被试电机，使其在额定频率、额定电压下空载运行。
随后，起动副电源组，将其转速调节到对应于某一频率 f2 的转速值。对额定频率
为 50Hz 的电机，f2 应在 38Hz~42Hz 范围内选择。然后，将副电源发电机投入励磁，
调节磁电流，使被试电机的定子电流达到满载电流值在加载过程中，要随时调节主
电源电压，使被试电机的端电压保持额定值，并同时保持频率 f2 不变。被试电机
在额定电压时满载电流值可按 10.7 或 10.9 的方法确定。实验要求同 11.7.1.1。
在调节被试电机的负载时，如仪表指针摆动较大或被试电机和试验电源设备
的振动较大，应先降低副电源电压，按另一个频率 f2 的值调整副电源机组的转速，
再行试验。

11.7.3 Various Fixed Motors

Having a variety of fixed motor (such as multi-speed or oil motor), should carry
out the test at the fixed highest temperature. If not able to predict at a prior basis, each
should be separately tested in a fixed state. Dual motors can be convenient at any test
frequency; load regulation is put into a frequency equivalent to running load, the motor in
this frequency of operation will have maximum temperature rise.
For the motor service factor greater than 1.0, should have the test in the coefficient
of load state, to determine the temperature rise of the motor.
While calculating motor performance by 9.1 and 9.2, the factor 1.0 should be used
(rated power) as the value of the thermal test.

多种定额电机
具有多种定额的电机（如多速或油井用电机），应在出现最高温升的定额状
态下进行试验。如事先无法预知，应分别在每种定额状态进行试验。双频电机可在
任一方便的频率下进行试验，只是要把负载调节到等效于一个频率下运行的负载，
且电机以该频率运行时将会出现最大温升。
使用系数大于 1.0 的电机，应在使用系数负载状态下进行热实验，以确定电
机的温升值。按 9.1 和 9.2 计算电机性能时，应当用使用系数为 1.0（额定功率）时
的热试验数值。

11.7.4 Initial state

Test shall be in a specified time (non-continuous rating motor) & continuous, Or
until the temperature is stable. Unless otherwise specified, the short time thermal testing
can only start of the temperature difference of each part of the motor and environment is
within 5°C.
初始状态
试验应在规定时间（非连续定额电机）内连续进行，或者是直到温度稳定为止。
除非另有规定，短时定额热试验只能在电机各部分温度与环境相差在 5°C 以内开始。

11.7.5 Allowed overload

Continuous rating motor, t o achieve the temperature stabilization it takes a long
time, To shorten the test time, Allow proper warm-up phase motor overload (25% ~
35%).
容许过载

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连续定额电机，要达到温度稳定需要较长时间，为了缩短试验时间，电机在预
热阶段容许适当过载（25%~35%）。

11.7.6 Experimental results

Continuous rating motor, reading time interval should be 30min or less, fixed non-
continuous reading of the motor should be consistent with the time interval fixed.
Continuous rating motor thermal test should be carried out to 30min interval between the
two phases where the temperature change will not be more than 1K should stop. But
where its not easy to stabilize the motor temperature rise, Thermal test should be
conducted to 60min interval between two readings until the temperature change in less
than 2K should stop.
实验结果
连续定额电机，读数的时间间隔应在 30min 或以下，非连续定额电机读数时间
间隔应符合其时间定额。连续定额电机热试验应进行到相隔 30min 两个相继续数之
间温升变化在 1K 以内为止。但对温升不易稳定的电机，热试验应进行到相隔
60min 两个读数之间温升变化在 2K 以内为止。

11.7.7 Resistance at power outage.

Thermal power test end should promptly shutdown the machine. Test procedures to
be carefully arranged and an appropriate number of laboratory personnel should be
deployed, should note the reliable reading as soon as obtained.
Counting from the Instantaneous power, as specified the time interval of resistance
in Table 4, this reading is used by formula (69) Calculate the winding temperature rise.

If not specified in Table 4, the lag time to read the initial resistance reading, should as
soon as possible read additional resistance readings to the time interval 20s ~ 60s. Take at
least 5~10 readings, plot these readings as time curve, extrapolated to Table 4 under the
motor fixed delay time. Proposed to use semi-logarithmic coordinate paper to draw
curves, Resistance plotted in logarithmic ruler, if so, it can be considered that the
resistance is the break down resistance. If after shut down the results show that the
temperature is increasing, which ever will be the highest value, if not obtain the 1st value
in two times of the time specified in the table 4, the maximum delayed time should be
agreed upon.
断电时的电阻
热试验结束应迅速断电停机。要仔细地安排试验程序和适当数量的实验人员，
尽快地读取读数以获得可靠的数据。

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 HIGH VOLTAGE INDUCTION MOTOR TESTING (TEMPERATURE RISE)
GB/T 1032-2005
从断电瞬间算起，如在表 4 规定的时间间隔内读到了最初电阻度数，则用此读
数按式（69）计算绕组温升。

如不能在表 4 规定的延滞时间读到最初电阻读数，应尽快地以 20s~60s 的时间间隔

读取附加的电阻读数。至少要读取 5~10 个读数，把这些读数作为时间函数绘制成
曲线，外推到表 4 按电机定额规定的延滞时间。建议用半对数坐标纸绘制曲线，电
阻绘制在对数的标尺上，如是，可以认为得到的电阻值就是停机的电阻。如果停机
后测得结果显示出温度继续上升，则应取其最高值，如不能在表 4 规定的 2 倍时间
内读到第一的读数，则应协议确定最大延滞时间。

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