Method 1A-Sample and Velocity Traverses For Stationary Sources With Small Stacks or Ducts

Method 1A 8/3/2017
While we have taken steps to ensure the accuracy of this Internet version of the document, it is
not the official version. To see a complete version including any recent edits, visit:
https://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/ECFR?page=browse and search under Title 40, Protection of
Environment.
METHOD 1A—SAMPLE AND VELOCITY TRAVERSES FOR STATIONARY

SOURCES WITH SMALL STACKS OR DUCTS
Note: This method does not include all of the specifications (e.g., equipment and supplies) and
procedures (e.g., sampling) essential to its performance. Some material is incorporated by
reference from other methods this part. Therefore, to obtain reliable results, persons using this
method should have a thorough knowledge of at least the following additional test method:
Method 1.
1.0 Scope and Application
1.1 Measured Parameters. The purpose of the method is to provide guidance for the selection of
sampling ports and traverse points at which sampling for air pollutants will be performed
pursuant to regulations set forth in this part.
1.2 Applicability. The applicability and principle of this method are identical to Method 1,
except its applicability is limited to stacks or ducts. This method is applicable to flowing gas
streams in ducts, stacks, and flues of less than about 0.30 meter (12 in.) in diameter, or 0.071 m2
(113 in.2) in cross-sectional area, but equal to or greater than about 0.10 meter (4 in.) in diameter,
or 0.0081 m2 (12.57 in.2) in cross-sectional area. This method cannot be used when the flow is
cyclonic or swirling.
1.3 Data Quality Objectives. Adherence to the requirements of this method will enhance the
quality of the data obtained from air pollutant sampling methods.
2.0 Summary of Method
2.1 The method is designed to aid in the representative measurement of pollutant emissions
and/or total volumetric flow rate from a stationary source. A measurement site or a pair of
measurement sites where the effluent stream is flowing in a known direction is (are) selected.
The cross-section of the stack is divided into a number of equal areas. Traverse points are then
located within each of these equal areas.
2.2 In these small diameter stacks or ducts, the conventional Method 5 stack assembly
(consisting of a Type S pitot tube attached to a sampling probe, equipped with a nozzle and
thermocouple) blocks a significant portion of the cross-section of the duct and causes inaccurate
measurements. Therefore, for particulate matter (PM) sampling in small stacks or ducts, the gas
velocity is measured using a standard pitot tube downstream of the actual emission sampling site.
The straight run of duct between the PM sampling and velocity measurement sites allows the
flow profile, temporarily disturbed by the presence of the sampling probe, to redevelop and
stabilize.
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Method 1A 8/3/2017
3.0 Definitions[Reserved]
4.0 Interferences[Reserved]
5.0 Safety
5.1 Disclaimer. This method may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This
test method may not address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this test method to establish appropriate safety and health practices
and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to performing this test method.
6.0 Equipment and Supplies[Reserved]
7.0 Reagents and Standards[Reserved]
8.0 Sample Collection, Preservation, Storage, and Transport[Reserved]
9.0 Quality Control[Reserved]
10.0 Calibration and Standardization[Reserved]
11.0 Procedure
11.1 Selection of Measurement Site.
11.1.1 Particulate Measurements—Steady or Unsteady Flow. Select a particulate measurement

site located preferably at least eight equivalent stack or duct diameters downstream and 10
equivalent diameters upstream from any flow disturbances such as bends, expansions, or
contractions in the stack, or from a visible flame. Next, locate the velocity measurement site
eight equivalent diameters downstream of the particulate measurement site (see Figure 1A–1). If
such locations are not available, select an alternative particulate measurement location at least
two equivalent stack or duct diameters downstream and two and one-half diameters upstream
from any flow disturbance. Then, locate the velocity measurement site two equivalent diameters
downstream from the particulate measurement site. (See Section 12.2 of Method 1 for
calculating equivalent diameters for a rectangular cross-section.)
11.1.2 PM Sampling (Steady Flow) or Velocity (Steady or Unsteady Flow) Measurements. For
PM sampling when the volumetric flow rate in a duct is constant with respect to time, Section
11.1.1 of Method 1 may be followed, with the PM sampling and velocity measurement
performed at one location. To demonstrate that the flow rate is constant (within 10 percent) when
PM measurements are made, perform complete velocity traverses before and after the PM
sampling run, and calculate the deviation of the flow rate derived after the PM sampling run
from the one derived before the PM sampling run. The PM sampling run is acceptable if the
deviation does not exceed 10 percent.
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Method 1A 8/3/2017
11.2 Determining the Number of Traverse Points.
11.2.1 Particulate Measurements (Steady or Unsteady Flow). Use Figure 1–1 of Method 1 to
determine the number of traverse points to use at both the velocity measurement and PM
sampling locations. Before referring to the figure, however, determine the distances between
both the velocity measurement and PM sampling sites to the nearest upstream and downstream
disturbances. Then divide each distance by the stack diameter or equivalent diameter to express
the distances in terms of the number of duct diameters. Then, determine the number of traverse
points from Figure 1–1 of Method 1 corresponding to each of these four distances. Choose the
highest of the four numbers of traverse points (or a greater number) so that, for circular ducts the
number is a multiple of four; and for rectangular ducts, the number is one of those shown in
Table 1–1 of Method 1. When the optimum duct diameter location criteria can be satisfied, the
minimum number of traverse points required is eight for circular ducts and nine for rectangular
ducts.
11.2.2 PM Sampling (Steady Flow) or only Velocity (Non-Particulate) Measurements. Use

Figure 1–2 of Method 1 to determine number of traverse points, following the same procedure
used for PM sampling as described in Section 11.2.1 of Method 1. When the optimum duct
diameter location criteria can be satisfied, the minimum number of traverse points required is
eight for circular ducts and nine for rectangular ducts.
11.3 Cross-sectional Layout, Location of Traverse Points, and Verification of the Absence of
Cyclonic Flow. Same as Method 1, Sections 11.3 and 11.4, respectively.
12.0 Data Analysis and Calculations[Reserved]
13.0 Method Performance[Reserved]
14.0 Pollution Prevention[Reserved]
15.0 Waste Management[Reserved]
16.0 References
Same as Method 1, Section 16.0, References 1 through 6, with the addition of the following:
1. Vollaro, Robert F. Recommended Procedure for Sample Traverses in Ducts Smaller Than 12
Inches in Diameter. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Emission Measurement Branch,
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. January 1977.
17.0 Tables, Diagrams, Flowcharts, and Validation Data
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Method 1A 8/3/2017

Method 1A-Sample and Velocity Traverses For Stationary Sources With Small Stacks or Ducts

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Method 1A 8/3/2017

METHOD 1A—SAMPLE AND VELOCITY TRAVERSES FOR STATIONARY

1.0 Scope and Application

2.0 Summary of Method

6.0 Equipment and Supplies[Reserved]

7.0 Reagents and Standards[Reserved]

8.0 Sample Collection, Preservation, Storage, and Transport[Reserved]

9.0 Quality Control[Reserved]

10.0 Calibration and Standardization[Reserved]

11.1 Selection of Measurement Site.

11.1.1 Particulate Measurements—Steady or Unsteady Flow. Select a particulate measurement

11.2 Determining the Number of Traverse Points.

11.2.2 PM Sampling (Steady Flow) or only Velocity (Non-Particulate) Measurements. Use

12.0 Data Analysis and Calculations[Reserved]

13.0 Method Performance[Reserved]

14.0 Pollution Prevention[Reserved]

15.0 Waste Management[Reserved]

17.0 Tables, Diagrams, Flowcharts, and Validation Data

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