Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 121 views

    Volcanic Ash

    Uploaded by

    captmon351
    Volcanic ash poses hazards to aircraft. If an aircraft encounters an ash cloud, the ash can damage engines, sensors, and aircraft surfaces. Ash contains small rock particles that can clog and damage turbine engines, potentially causing overheating, shutdowns, or difficulty restarting. Ash can also clog sensors like pitot tubes, impacting airspeed readings. If ash is ingested or impacts the aircraft, pilots should idle engines and perform evasive maneuvers to exit the cloud as quickly as possible. Detection of ash clouds relies on satellite data and avoiding known contaminated areas is important for safety.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Volcanic Ash

    Uploaded by

    captmon351
    121 views15 pages
    Volcanic ash poses hazards to aircraft. If an aircraft encounters an ash cloud, the ash can damage engines, sensors, and aircraft surfaces. Ash contains small rock particles that can clog and damage turbine engines, potentially causing overheating, shutdowns, or difficulty restarting. Ash can also clog sensors like pitot tubes, impacting airspeed readings. If ash is ingested or impacts the aircraft, pilots should idle engines and perform evasive maneuvers to exit the cloud as quickly as possible. Detection of ash clouds relies on satellite data and avoiding known contaminated areas is important for safety.

    Original Description:

    Procedures to follow if an ash cloud is encountered.

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Volcanic ash poses hazards to aircraft. If an aircraft encounters an ash cloud, the ash can damage engines, sensors, and aircraft surfaces. Ash contains small rock particles that can clog and damage turbine engines, potentially causing overheating, shutdowns, or difficulty restarting. Ash can also clog sensors like pitot tubes, impacting airspeed readings. If ash is ingested or impacts the aircraft, pilots should idle engines and perform evasive maneuvers to exit the cloud as quickly as possible. Detection of ash clouds relies on satellite data and avoiding known contaminated areas is important for safety.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    121 views15 pages

    Volcanic Ash

    Uploaded by

    captmon351
    Volcanic ash poses hazards to aircraft. If an aircraft encounters an ash cloud, the ash can damage engines, sensors, and aircraft surfaces. Ash contains small rock particles that can clog and damage turbine engines, potentially causing overheating, shutdowns, or difficulty restarting. Ash can also clog sensors like pitot tubes, impacting airspeed readings. If ash is ingested or impacts the aircraft, pilots should idle engines and perform evasive maneuvers to exit the cloud as quickly as possible. Detection of ash clouds relies on satellite data and avoiding known contaminated areas is important for safety.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 15

    Volcanic Ash Encounter

    Outline
     Some interesting facts about volcanoes
     Aircrafts & Volcanoes - history
     Hazard to aircraft.
     Identifying the threats
     Avoidance
     Procedures to follow if an ash cloud is encountered
    Some Facts about Volcanoes
     Where the term Volcano came from: The word “volcano” was
    derived from the Italian word “vulcano” from the Latin
    “vulcanus” meaning “burning mountain”.
     Volcanoes are mostly located along the edges of continents
    where tectonic plates converge or diverge. However, there is
    a concentration of above sea volcanoes (more than 75% of
    the volcanoes) in the Pacific Ocean known as the Ring of
    Fire.
     The eruption of Mount Tambora on Sumbawa island in
    Indonesia in 1815 is the biggest eruption recorded in history.
    (71,000 deaths)
     Two main types of eruptions. Effusive & Explosive
    From the recent past……
    30
    Number of Encounters

    25

    20

    15

    10

    0
    75 80 85 90 95 00
    Year
    Parts / Occupants Cause Effect Response
    Turbine engines fuel injection and combustor surge, shut-down, difficult idle thrust,
    deposits of melted ash (glassy restart in flight evasive maneuver

    Aviation and Volcanic Activity


    Turbine engines
    coatings)
    clogging the turbine cooling overheating idle thrust,
    vents evasive maneuver
    Pitot-static clogging the sensors unreliable air speed attitude-based
    indications flying, indicated
    air speed
    deducted from
    ground speed and
    wind velocity
    Turbine engines abrasion with hard particles wear of fan, compressor, idle thrust,
    turbine, transmission evasive maneuver
    Pneumatic controls clogging the vents failure evasive maneuver
    Windshield, body, cracks, abrasion with hard wear, opaqueness evasive maneuver
    wings, empennage particles
    Avionics, on-board clogging air-cooling vents, overheating, malfunction evasive maneuver
    instruments electrostatic discharges
    Human occupants breathing contaminated air, respiratory problems, eye nose breathing,
    eye cornea contact with damage replace contact
    ash/dust particles lenses with
    eyeglasses
    Turbine engines, body acidity, exposure to associated corrosion (in time) maintenance
    and instruments SO2 and sulfurous acid check and
    metallic parts replacement
    What does it contain

    • Sulphur
    • Silicon
    • Rock Particles
    • Other metals
    • Composition % varies

    The Silica particles in the core flow will


    be deposited as glass in the
    combustion chamber and on the HPT
    One kilogram of deposits is enough
    to cause turbine overheating and
    even engine failure (restarting is
    possible though outside the contaminated area)
    Ash & Dust
    Terminology discriminator: Ash can be seen
    easily. Dust does
    not create an
    Volcanic Ash = 1/16 mm – 2 mm immediate safety
    (Coarse ash) issue.

    Volcanic Dust < 1/16 mm


    (Fine ash)

    Volcanic Ash Volcanic Dust


    Particle size (µm) 63 - 2000 < 63
    Location 1-200 NM around the Floats around the
    volcano world
    Sedimentation time ≈ 1/2 hour (for 1 mm) 23 Days (for 10µm)
    Dust Haze – Can only be
    seen on certain angles

    ASH Cloud
    How to see an Ash Cloud

     Volcanic ash does not contain any moisture. So they can not be
    detected by standard aircraft weather radar systems.
     Satellite IR images can detect volcanic ash clouds.
     Detecting an ash cloud and predicting its movement, composition
    and contents requires wave length measurement method that
    requires complex calculations.
     Detecting volcanic dust is impossible.
    Avoidance

     ATC and meteorological experts work together in issuing volcano


    irruption warnings.
     Flight dispatch training
     Simulator training for pilots
     More reliable power plants and aircraft systems
     Recommendation were made to introduce IR radars for aircrafts
    operating in regions of active volcanoes
     AVOID FLYING INTO ANY KNOWN CONTAMINATED AREAS
    What if……

    10 mins of exposure..

    1. 1.2KG contamination
    on engines
    2.12mg of contamination
    on pilot tubes,
    computers etc.

    Direction you turn will play a


    key role…..

    You might also like