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    Vacuum Dryer

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    instrutech
    Vacuum drying provides an alternative to conventional atmospheric drying by reducing the boiling point of water through decreasing external pressure. Vacuum drying occurs in three phases: 1) initial heating and removal of free moisture, 2) a constant drying rate period with high evaporation, and 3) a falling drying rate period where moisture migration limits the rate. Experimental data on moisture content over time is used to calculate drying rates and plot curves showing the relationship between moisture content and drying rate under varying conditions like pressure.

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    Vacuum Dryer

    Uploaded by

    instrutech
    690 views5 pages
    Vacuum drying provides an alternative to conventional atmospheric drying by reducing the boiling point of water through decreasing external pressure. Vacuum drying occurs in three phases: 1) initial heating and removal of free moisture, 2) a constant drying rate period with high evaporation, and 3) a falling drying rate period where moisture migration limits the rate. Experimental data on moisture content over time is used to calculate drying rates and plot curves showing the relationship between moisture content and drying rate under varying conditions like pressure.

    Original Description:

    VACUUM DRYER

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    Vacuum drying provides an alternative to conventional atmospheric drying by reducing the boiling point of water through decreasing external pressure. Vacuum drying occurs in three phases: 1) initial heating and removal of free moisture, 2) a constant drying rate period with high evaporation, and 3) a falling drying rate period where moisture migration limits the rate. Experimental data on moisture content over time is used to calculate drying rates and plot curves showing the relationship between moisture content and drying rate under varying conditions like pressure.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    690 views5 pages

    Vacuum Dryer

    Uploaded by

    instrutech
    Vacuum drying provides an alternative to conventional atmospheric drying by reducing the boiling point of water through decreasing external pressure. Vacuum drying occurs in three phases: 1) initial heating and removal of free moisture, 2) a constant drying rate period with high evaporation, and 3) a falling drying rate period where moisture migration limits the rate. Experimental data on moisture content over time is used to calculate drying rates and plot curves showing the relationship between moisture content and drying rate under varying conditions like pressure.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
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    Vacuum drying provides an alternative to conventional atmospheric drying by reducing the boiling point of water through decreasing external pressure.

    The three phases of vacuum drying are the initial, constant rate, and falling rate periods.

    The rate of drying in the falling rate period is limited by the migration of moisture from the inner interstices of each particle to the outer surface.

    Vacuum Dryer

    instrutech
    INSTRUCTION MANUAL
    Introduction:
    Vacuum drying provides an alternative to conventional atmospheric drying. Using this method,
    it is possible to reduce the boiling point of water by decreasing the external pressure and,
    consequently, to obtain results similar to high temperature but with relatively moderate drying
    conditions.

    Theory:

    Vacuum drying: Evaporation is enhanced by lowering the pressure over the wet material and
    heat may be added by direct contact with a metal tray holding the wet material or by radiation
    (IR).
    Drying occurs in three different periods, or phases, which can be clearly defined.
    The first phase, or initial period, is where sensible heat is transferred to the product and the
    contained moisture. This is the heating up of the product from the inlet condition to the
    process condition, which enables the subsequent processes to take place. The rate of
    evaporation increases dramatically during this period with mostly free moisture being removed.
    In some instances, pre-processing can reduce or eliminate this phase. For example, if the feed
    material is coming from a reactor or if the feed is preheated by a source of waste energy, the
    inlet condition of the material will already be at a raised temperature.
    The second phase, or constant rate period, is when the free moisture persists on the surfaces
    and the rate of evaporation alters very little as the moisture content reduces. During this
    period, drying rates are high and higher inlet air temperatures than in subsequent drying stages
    can be used without detrimental effect to the product. There is a gradual and relatively small
    increase in the product temperature during this period.
    Interestingly, a common occurrence is that the time scale of the constant rate period may
    Determine and affect the rate of drying in the next phase.
    The third phase, or falling rate period, is the phase during which migration of moisture from
    the inner interstices of each particle to the outer surface becomes the limiting factor that
    reduces the drying rate.
    CALCULATIONS

    At Pressure = mm of Hg. (negative pressure)

    Weight of dry solid, S = 100 gm

    Amount of initial moisture = 15 ml

    Weight of solid, W= solid + water

    Moisture content present in solid,

    We have the experimental data as :

    Wt. of solid(solid + water Moisture content present in


    Time ,t
    )W solid X

    (sec)
    (gm) (gm water/gm of dry soild)
    0 115 0.15
    3 112 0.12
    6 109 0.09
    9 107 0.07
    12 105 0.05
    15 103 0.03
    18 101 0.01
    21 100 0
    Now we plot a X v/s t plot as shown

    From this plot we calculate the slope = -dx/dt.

    Now we have the drying rate as

    For a constant area we have the drying rate equation as :

    Thus we have the table as:

    Wt. of solid
    Moisture content
    N(Area
    Time,t present in solid X Slope
    (solid + water const)
    )W
    (sec) (gm water/gm of dry = -dx/dt
    gm/sec
    soild)
    (gm)
    0 115 0.15 0.0102 1.02
    3 112 0.12 0.009324 0.9324
    6 109 0.09 0.008448 0.8448
    9 107 0.07 0.007572 0.7572
    12 105 0.05 0.006696 0.6696
    15 103 0.03 0.00582 0.582
    18 101 0.01 0.004944 0.4944
    Finally we plot a graph between X v/s N as shown :

    The same steps are repeated for other runs at different operating conditions.

    note: vacuum dryer should be run with & without vacuum at all other same conditions for analysis of
    effect of vacuum on rate of drying.

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