Preparasi Katalis Cao/Fly Ash Dan Penggunaannya Pada Reaksi Transesterifikasi Minyak Sawit Off-Grade Menjadi Biodiesel
Preparasi Katalis Cao/Fly Ash Dan Penggunaannya Pada Reaksi Transesterifikasi Minyak Sawit Off-Grade Menjadi Biodiesel
ABSTRACT
A palm fly ash supported calcium oxide (CaO) catalyst was prepared and used in
transesterification from off-grade palm oil for biodiesel production. The catalyst synthesized by
loading CaO of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate (Ca(NO3)2.4H2O) into fly ash through impregnation
method. The optimum catalyst preparation conditions were determined by influence of
calcination temperature and weight ratio of Ca(NO3)2.4H2O and fly ash. Catalyst with highest
catalytic activity was achieved when calcined at 800 oC and proportion of Ca(NO3)2.4H2O to fly
ash is 80:20. Under the conditions of oil : methanol ratio of 1:6, catalyst dosage of 6 wt% and
temperature of 70 oC for 2 h, the biodiesel yield reaches to 71,77%. CaO, SiO2, Ca(OH)2 and
Ca2SiO4 were found in the catalyst through X-ray diffraction (XRD) while the basic strength of
the catalyst H_ > 9,3 was determined by using Hammett indicator phenolphthalein. Surface area
of the developed catalyst is 24,342 m2/g through Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET). Characteristics
of biodiesel such as density, kinematic viscosity, acid value, flash point has been matched with
standard for biodiesel specification of Indonesia.
Keywords: calcium oxyde, catalyst, fly ash, biodiesel, off-grade palm oil, impregnation,
calcination, transesterification.