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Harmonic Functions

This document provides exercises for students to practice identifying and working with harmonic functions. It includes 17 exercises involving determining whether functions are harmonic, finding harmonic conjugates, sketching equipotentials and streamlines, and other tasks related to harmonic and analytic functions. The exercises cover key concepts around harmonic functions, such as Laplace's equation, the Cauchy-Riemann equations, and representing functions in polar form. Solutions are provided for students to check their work.

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Esraa Ah ALmohamed
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
472 views

Harmonic Functions

This document provides exercises for students to practice identifying and working with harmonic functions. It includes 17 exercises involving determining whether functions are harmonic, finding harmonic conjugates, sketching equipotentials and streamlines, and other tasks related to harmonic and analytic functions. The exercises cover key concepts around harmonic functions, such as Laplace's equation, the Cauchy-Riemann equations, and representing functions in polar form. Solutions are provided for students to check their work.

Uploaded by

Esraa Ah ALmohamed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Tutorial Exercises for Section 3.3.

  Harmonic Functions

Exercise 1.  Determine where the following functions are harmonic.

1 (a).     and    .  


Solution 1 (a).

1 (b).     for   .
Solution 1 (b).

Exercise 2.  Does an analytic function     exist for which  


?   Why or why not?
Solution 2.

Exercise 3.  Let a, b and c be real constants.  Determine a relation among the coefficients


that will guarantee that the function     is harmonic.  
Solution 3.

Exercise 4.  Let     for   .  Compute the partial derivatives of   


  and verify that     satisfies Laplace's equation.  
Solution 4.

Exercise 5.  Find an analytic function     for the following expressions.

5 (a).   .
Solution 5 (a).

5 (b).   .  
Solution 5 (b).

5 (c).   .
Solution 5 (c).

 
5 (d).   .  
Solution 5 (d).

5 (e).   .
Solution 5 (e).

5 (f).   .
Solution 5 (f).

Exercise 6.  Let     and   .  

Show that     are harmonic functions but that their product  


  is not a harmonic function.
Solution 6.

Exercise 7.  Let     be harmonic on a region D that is symmetric about the line   .  

Show that     is harmonic on D.  

Hint.  Use the chain rule for differentiation of real functions and note that     is really
the function ,  where .
Solution 7.

Exercise 8.  Let     be a harmonic conjugate of   .  Show that   is the


harmonic conjugate of    .
Solution 8.

Exercise 9.  Let     be a harmonic conjugate of   .  Show that  


  is a harmonic function.
Solution 9.

Exercise 10.  Suppose that     is a harmonic conjugate of     and that   is


the harmonic conjugate of   .

Show that both     must be constant functions.


Solution 10.

 
Exercise 11.  Let     be analytic on a domain D that does
not contain the origin.  

Use the polar form of the Cauchy-Riemann equations     and  


.  

Differentiate them first with respect to and then with respect to r.  Use the results to
establish the polar form of Laplace's equation:  

                     .  
Solution 11.

Exercise 12.  Use the polar form of Laplace's equation given in Exercise 11 to show that the
following functions are harmonic.

12 (a).      and    .  


Solution 12 (a).

12 (b).      and    .  


Solution 12 (b).

Exercise 13.  The function     is used to determine a field known as a dipole.

13 (a).  Express  F(z)  in the form   .  


Solution 13 (a).

13 (b).  Sketch the equipotentials     and the streamlines  


.  
Solution 13 (b).

Exercise 14.  Assume that     is analytic on the domain D and that  


  on  D.  

Consider the families of level curves      and    ,  

which are the equipotentials and streamlines for the fluid flow   .   

Prove that the two families of curves are orthogonal.  

Hint.  Suppose that     is a point common to the two curves     and  


.  
Use the gradients of     and     to show that the normals to the curves are
perpendicular.
Solution 14.

Exercise 15.  We introduce the logarithmic function in Section 5.2.   For now, let  
.    

Here we have       and    .  

Sketch the equipotentials     and the streamlines     for  


.  
Solution 15.

Exercise 16.  Discuss and compare the statements "v(x,y) is harmonic" and "v(x,y) is the
imaginary part of an analytic function."  
Solution 16.

Exercise 17.  Milne-Thomson Method for constructing a harmonic conjugate.  

(i)  Given the harmonic function     then construct   

                      .  

Show that under the proper conditions,     is a harmonic conjugate of   ,  and

                        is an analytic function.  


Solution 17 (i).

(ii)  Given the harmonic function     then construct   

                      .  

Show that under the proper conditions,     is a harmonic conjugate of   ,  and

                        is an analytic function.  


Solution 17 (ii).

 
 

This material is coordinated with our book Complex Analysis for Mathematics and
Engineering.

 
 

(c) 2012 John H. Mathews, Russell W. Howell

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