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    Boudouard Reaction

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    Hailey17
    1) The Boudouard reaction, C + CO2 ⇌ 2CO, is important in biomass gasification. Above 900°C, CO is more stable than CO2 so it dominates, while below 700°C CO2 dominates. 2) Thermodynamic calculations show the equilibrium constants and mole fractions of CO and CO2 at different temperatures and pressures. CO increases with temperature and pressure. 3) A graph shows the fraction of CO and CO2 from 400-1400K/127-1127°C at 1 atm, demonstrating the shift to CO with increasing temperature.

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    Boudouard Reaction

    Uploaded by

    Hailey17
    3K views5 pages
    1) The Boudouard reaction, C + CO2 ⇌ 2CO, is important in biomass gasification. Above 900°C, CO is more stable than CO2 so it dominates, while below 700°C CO2 dominates. 2) Thermodynamic calculations show the equilibrium constants and mole fractions of CO and CO2 at different temperatures and pressures. CO increases with temperature and pressure. 3) A graph shows the fraction of CO and CO2 from 400-1400K/127-1127°C at 1 atm, demonstrating the shift to CO with increasing temperature.

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    1) The Boudouard reaction, C + CO2 ⇌ 2CO, is important in biomass gasification. Above 900°C, CO is more stable than CO2 so it dominates, while below 700°C CO2 dominates. 2) Thermodynamic calculations show the equilibrium constants and mole fractions of CO and CO2 at different temperatures and pressures. CO increases with temperature and pressure. 3) A graph shows the fraction of CO and CO2 from 400-1400K/127-1127°C at 1 atm, demonstrating the shift to CO with increasing temperature.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as XLS, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as xls, pdf, or txt
    3K views5 pages

    Boudouard Reaction

    Uploaded by

    Hailey17
    1) The Boudouard reaction, C + CO2 ⇌ 2CO, is important in biomass gasification. Above 900°C, CO is more stable than CO2 so it dominates, while below 700°C CO2 dominates. 2) Thermodynamic calculations show the equilibrium constants and mole fractions of CO and CO2 at different temperatures and pressures. CO increases with temperature and pressure. 3) A graph shows the fraction of CO and CO2 from 400-1400K/127-1127°C at 1 atm, demonstrating the shift to CO with increasing temperature.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as XLS, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    T REED-12/1/06

    THE BOUDOUARD REACTION: C + CO2 <==> 2 CO


    This reaction is possibly the most important reaction in biomass gasification. At temperatures above 900
    stable than CO2, so once this has been exceeded, CO quenches in. Below ~ 700 C CO2 dominates the r
    During pyrolysis at 300-450 C "prompt CO" also forms from the carbons already bonded to CO
    THERMODYNAMIC CALCULATIONS
    kJ/mole 1 atm 10 atm 100 atm 1 atm
    T(C) T(K) DGr ln(Kr) Kr Kr Kr Xco2 Xco
    25 298 112.8 -45.5590 1.6E-20 1.6E-21 1.6E-22 1.000 0.000
    127 400 95.7 -28.7902 3.1E-13 3.1E-14 3.1E-15 1.000 0.000
    227 500 78.9 -18.9920 5.6E-09 5.6E-10 5.6E-11 1.000 0.000
    327 600 62.1 -12.4598 3.9E-06 3.9E-07 3.9E-08 0.998 0.002
    427 700 45.3 -7.7940 4.1E-04 4.1E-05 4.1E-06 0.980 0.020
    527 800 28.5 -4.2946 1.4E-02 1.4E-03 1.4E-04 0.890 0.110
    627 900 11.8 -1.5729 2.1E-01 2.1E-02 2.1E-03 0.637 0.363
    727 1000 -5.0 0.6045 1.8E+00 1.8E-01 1.8E-02 0.282 0.718
    827 1100 -21.8 2.3860 1.1E+01 1.1E+00 1.1E-01 0.078 0.922
    927 1200 -38.6 3.8706 4.8E+01 4.8E+00 4.8E-01 0.020 0.980
    1027 1300 -55.4 5.1268 1.7E+02 1.7E+01 1.7E+00 0.006 0.994
    1127 1400 -72.2 6.2035 4.9E+02 4.9E+01 4.9E+00 0.002 0.998
    1227 1500 -89.0 7.1367 1.3E+03 1.3E+02 1.3E+01 0.001 0.999

    The "Free energy of formation" of various reactions permits calculation of various chemical equilibria
    (1) DGr = DHr - TDSr = -RTlnKr = -RT ln (pco)2/pco2 Relationship of Gibbs free energy to enthalpy and entropy change; to
    (2) Kx = Kp*P = (1-Xco2)^2/Cco2 Relationship of pressure to equilibrium constant, Kp is the equilibrium
    where P is the sum of Pco + Pco2
    (3) Xco = 1-Xco2 Binomial solution of two equations in two unknowns
    (4) Xco2 = (K/2+1) - [(K/2 + 1)^2 -1]^1/2

    Data from "Free Energy of Binary Compounds", (T. Reed, MIT Press (1971), available from the Biomass Energy Foundatio
    DG = DH DS REACTIONS
    Calories
    CO(kcal/m) -55.6 0.0401 2C + O2 ==> 2CO 1.00
    CO2(kc/mol) -94.5 0 CO2 ==>C + O2 0.90 CO2
    Adding.. C + CO2 ==>2CO 0.80 BOUDOUARD EQUILIBRIUM
    Joules
    Fraction CO or CO2

    0.70 1 ATM, K
    CO(kJ/m) -232.7 0.1679 2C + O2 ==> 2CO
    CO2(kJ/mol) -395.6 0 - C + O2 ==> CO2 0.60
    Adding.. C + CO2 ==>2CO 0.50
    0.40
    0.30
    0.20 CO
    0.10
    0.00
    400 500 600 700 800 9
    Tempera
    0
    peratures above 900 C, CO is much more
    CO2 dominates the reaction, so little CO is made.
    ded to CO

    10 atm 100 atm


    Xco2 Xco Xco2 Xco
    1.000 0.000 1.000 0.000
    1.000 0.000 1.000 0.000
    1.000 0.000 1.000 0.000
    0.999 0.001 1.000 0.000
    0.994 0.006 0.998 0.002
    0.964 0.036 0.988 0.012
    0.866 0.134 0.955 0.045
    0.654 0.346 0.874 0.126
    0.368 0.632 0.720 0.280
    0.150 0.850 0.507 0.493
    0.053 0.947 0.295 0.705
    0.019 0.981 0.147 0.853
    0.008 0.992 0.069 0.931

    py and entropy change; to the equilibrium constant and to concentrations


    tant, Kp is the equilibrium constant in atm, Kx in mole fraction.

    CO2 CO

    iomass Energy Foundation Press)

    CO2

    DOUARD EQUILIBRIUM
    M, K

    CO

    0 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400


    Temperature - K
    1.00

    0.90

    0.80 CO2

    0.70
    Fraction of CO and CO2

    0.60
    The Boudouard Equilibrium (K)
    C + CO2 <==> 2 CO
    0.50

    0.40

    0.30 CO

    0.20

    0.10

    0.00
    0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

    Temperature (K)
    100%

    90%

    80%

    70% Carbon
    Dioxide

    60%
    % CO and CO2

    50%
    The Boudouard Reaction 1 10 100 atm
    C + CO2 <==> 2 CO
    40%
    Carbon
    30% Monoxide

    20%

    10%

    0%
    0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
    Temperature - C

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