AUTOCAD

LAB
MANUAL

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 Class Home
LAB No. Discuss
Work work
1  Introduction Interface
 Working with files
 Display Tools
 Line Command
 Coordinates system
2  Relative and Absolute Coordinates
 Units
 Line types
 Undo and Redo
 Line Weight & Color Control
3  Selecting Options
 Erase
 Circle Command
 Arc Command
4  Polyline Command
 Rectangle Command
 Polygon Command
 Arrays
5  Object Snap
 Copy & Move
 Grouping
 Join
6  Trim
 Revision
Midterm Exams
7  Mirror
 Offset
 Extend
8  Break
 Explode
 Dimensions
9  Layers
 Fillet
 Chamfer
10  3D Basics

11  Hatching
 Gradient
 Plot
12  Revision

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 LAB 1
 Introduction
Learning to use a CAD system is similar to learning a new language. It is necessary to begin with the basic
alphabet and learn how to use it correctly and effectively through practice. This will require learning some new
concepts and skills as well as learning a different vocabulary

In order to become effective and efficient in using a CAD system, we must learn to create geometric entities
quickly and accurately. In learning to use a CAD system, lines and circles are the first two, and perhaps the most
important two, geometric entities that one should master the skills of creating and modifying. Straight lines and
circles are used in almost all technical designs. In examining the different types of planar geometric entities, the
importance of lines and circles becomes obvious. Triangles and polygons are planar figures bounded by straight
lines. Ellipses and splines can be constructed by connecting arcs with different radii. As one gains some experience
in creating lines and circles, similar procedures can be applied to create other geometric entities

 Course Objectives
After completing this course, you will be able to:
1. Navigate the interface, open and close files, and use the Zoom commands to adjust the display of objects
on the screen.
2. Describe units, function keys, and coordinate systems and create basic objects, using different data input
techniques, object snaps, object snap tracking, polar tracking, and Polar Snap.
3. Select, modify, and adjust the properties of objects using object grips and the Move, Copy, Rotate, Mirror,
and Array commands.
4. Create and manage layers and line types and obtain geometric information from objects in the drawing.
5. Modify objects by changing their size, shape, orientation, or geometric composition using Trim, Extend,
Offset, Join, and other commands.
6. Create layouts, and create and manipulate viewports on the layouts.
7. Create and edit annotation objects using multiline and single line text.
8. Create, edit, and manage dimensions and dimension styles.
9. Enhance the drawing's visual appearance with hatch patterns and gradient fills.
10. Create blocks and reuse them in your drawings using the Insert command, DesignCenter, and tool palettes.
Utilize the DesignCenter and tool palettes to insert and create other content in your drawings.
11. Create multiple segmented polyline objects, create the smooth curve objects of splines and ellipses, and
add tables to your drawings.
12. Create and use page setups, and plot your designs from layouts and model space.
13. Use drawing templates to simplify the process of creating new drawings that contain all the required
dimension styles, text styles, and layers that you would otherwise create manually, each time you create a
new drawing.

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  Navigating the Working Environment
You launch AutoCAD® in the same way you launch other Windows applications, using one of the following two
methods:
1. Double-click the AutoCAD 2010 icon on the Windows desktop.
2. Click Start > All Programs (or Programs) > Autodesk > AutoCAD 2010 > AutoCAD 2010.
Before you begin creating drawings, you should familiarize yourself with the interface, The following image
identifies key interface elements:

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  Workspaces Defined
When you launch the application, the interface elements displayed are only those associated with theactive
workspace. A workspace is a task-oriented drawing environment oriented in such a way as toprovide you with only
the tools and interface elements necessary to accomplish the tasks relevant tothat environment.
By default, AutoCAD has four workspace configurations:
1. 2D Drafting & Annotation
2. 3D Modeling
3. AutoCAD Classic
4. Initial Setup Workspace

AutoCAD is shown here with the AutoCAD Classic workspace active and that what will we study

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 Working with Files
1. Open a Drawing
To open a drawing, use the Open command and select the files that you want to open

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 2. Create a New Drawing
To create a new drawing, use the new command. Select a template or select Open with no Template
(Imperial or Metric). Drawing Templates are drawings that are saved in template format (.dwt) and that can contain
information such as a title block, layers, text styles, dimension styles, and settingsrelevant to your specific drawing
needs

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 3. Saving Your Drawings
Use the Save command to save your drawing. The first time you save a drawing, the Save Drawing Asdialog
box appears. Navigate to the folder where you want to store the drawing, enter a file name, and select Save. To
save a drawing with a different name, select Save As.

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  Display Tools

1. Pan
You can reposition the center of your view on the drawing by using the Pan command. Just likepanning
with a video camera, panning your drawing changes only the position of your view of thedrawing, not the location
or magnification of objects in the drawing

When the Pan command is active, the cursor changes to a hand icon as shown above. Click and dragthe cursor to
pan the drawing view

2. Zoom Realtime
The Zoom command increases or decreases the magnification of the objects displayed in the drawing area.
When you zoom out, you see more of the overall drawing. When you zoom in, you magnify parts of your drawing to
view them in greater detail.

The Zoom command has multiple options available to customize the Zoom they are shown in the next figure

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 3. How to Use the Wheel Mouse in Zooming and Pan

 Regen and Regen All

Use the Regen command to regenerate all the geometry in the drawing. Use the Regen all command to
regenerate all the geometry when there are multiple drawing viewports. When you regenerate the drawing, the
screen coordinates for all objects in the drawing are recomputed and the drawing database is reindexed for optimal
display performance.

Command Line: RE, REGEN, REGENALL

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  Line Command
Use the Line command to create a single line or multiple line segments from a start point to an endpoint.

Command option shown in the following table

How to Draw a Line:

1. Specify First point (Start Point)

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 2. Specify Next Point (End Point of the entire line)

3. Undo for the line can be done by type Undo in the dialogue box or in the command line

 The Coordinate System

Every object you draw is placed in either the World Coordinate System (WCS) or a User Coordinate System
(UCS). When you create 2D geometry, data input is ultimately passed to the software in the form of Cartesian (x,y)
or polar coordinates (distance, angle). You can either manually enter these coordinates or infer them by picking a
point in the drawing window.

1. Cartesian Coordinate System

The Cartesian coordinate system is used to determine points in space that are a specified distance from a
set of perpendicular axes that intersect at the origin of the system. In the World coordinate system, the X axis
represents the horizontal direction, the Y axis represents the vertical direction and the origin is located at 0,0.
Positive X moves to the right, positive Y moves up.
The following image illustrates a line drawn from the origin of the coordinate system 0,0 with its endpoint
at the coordinate 4,6.

How to draw this line on AutoCAD

a. Select line command

b. Type in the first point the coordinates of the start point 0,0 then press enter

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c. Type in the next point dialogue the end point coordinates of the line 4,6 then press enter

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 2. Polar Coordinates
A polar coordinate is a point in the coordinate system that is determined by a distance and an angle.
The following illustration shows a line drawn from the origin of the coordinate system with a length of 7
units and an angle of 45 degrees.

How to draw this line on AutoCAD

a. Select line command

b. Type in the first point the coordinates of the start point 0,0 then press enter

c. Type in the next point the size of this line 7 then to type the angle <45 then press enter

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 Class Work 1
Example c1.1:

Example c1.2:

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Example c1.3:

Example c1.4:

5, 1
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 Home Work 1
Example h1.1

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 LAB 2
 Absolute and Relative Coordinates
1. Absolute Coordinate
An absolute coordinate represents a specific point in the current coordinate system relative to the origin
point (0,0). To enter an absolute coordinate, type the values as a Cartesian coordinate (x,y) or Polar coordinate
(distance angle).

2. Relative Coordinate
A relative coordinate is a point located from a previously selected point. To enter a relative coordinate,
select your first point, then precede the next coordinate point with the @ symbol.

For example @5<45 would mean 5 units at 45 degrees from the last point selected, and @3,5 would mean
3 units in the positive x direction and 5 units in the positive y direction from the last point selected.

Example 1:

Example 2:

The following lines could have been drawn using Cartesian or Polar coordinates. The command line input for
relative Cartesian or Polar coordinates would be as follows:

Point 1: 0,0
Point 2: @4,0 or @4<0
Point 3: @0,2 or @2<90
Point 4: @-1,0 or @1<180

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How to switch between coordinates without use @. In other words, how to switch between coordinates
we can do that by using Dynamic Input options:

a. Tools Tab > Drafting Tools > Dynamic input

b. Select Settings in the Pointer Input Box

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 c. If we choose Relative coordinates the default will be relative coordinates and we will
needn’t to use @
d. If we choose Absolute coordinates the default will be absolute coordinates and we have to
use @ if we will draw in relative mode
e. We can switch Dynamic Input on or off from the Status Bar or press F12

 Units
Units represent the baseline of all the geometry that you create in your drawing. It is up to you to
determine what unit of measurement will be used in your drawing.

When you begin a blank drawing, the default units are based in the decimal system. Because the software
is not capable of distinguishing inches from millimeters, it assumes that a value of 1 is equal to either 1 inch or 1
mm. Setting the appropriate units determines the format in which the software presents values to you via the
command line, status bar, polar tracking, and dynamic input interface.

While the software is not a true units-based system, meaning it doesn't understand the difference between
1 inch and 1 millimeter.

To select Units options :

a. we can type in the command line: UNITS
Or

b. The following dialogue will appear then

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 c. In the Drawing Units dialog box, select the appropriate length and angle unit types. If necessary,
you can also adjust the precision options for both length and angle.

 Undo and Redo Commands

Use the Undo command to step back through every action you made, including pan and zoom. Use the
Redo command to step forward through those actions again. These commands are conveniently located on the
Quick Access toolbar. You can Undo at any point in the drawing session, even within some of the draw and modify
commands. However you can only Redo immediately after an Undo Command.

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 If you are working in the AutoCAD Classic workspace the Undo and Redo buttons include down arrows that
reveal lists which you can choose to undo or redo up to a selected item or step

The following options are available only when you type the entire word UNDO at the Command Line. Right
click to access the shortcut menu or type the capitalized letter of the option.

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  Polar Tracking and Ortho mode
1. Polar Tracking:
Because everything that you create requires some degree of precision, it is critical that you learn the
different options for creating geometry accurately and yet efficiently. Previously, you learned how to enter
coordinate data in the form of absolute and relative coordinates. These methods, though important, are not always
the most efficient for creating geometry.

Using polar tracking, you can create geometry with the same precision as coordinate entry allows you, but
more efficiently. To use these features, you need to adjust their options and turn them on using the status bar
buttons.

These angles
shown to
define the
snapping angle

2. Ortho Mode
An alternate method to polar tracking is Ortho mode. When Ortho mode is turned on, your cursor can
move parallel only to the X or Y axes, so you can quickly draw straight lines or move items easily along the X or Y
axes

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  Line Types
To add linetypes to your drawing, you generally assign the linetype to layers and then create objects on the
appropriate layers. The object's linetype can be set to ByLayer, which means the object assumes the linetype of the
layer.
By default, the only linetype available in the drawing is Continuous. To use additional linetypes, you must
load them into the drawing. The primary method for adding linetypes to the drawing is with the Linetype Manager.

How to select and add line types:

a. Select Format > Linetype

Or

b. Select Other to add line types

c. In the following dialogue select Load

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d. Then we can choose the lines we want to be added like dashed line, center line, … etc

e. After choosing the whole lines to be added then the lines chose has been added to the lintype
manager

f. And we can select the type of line to use from the line type control

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Note: if the line characteristics don’t appear we can type the command LTSCALE in the command line then enter a
scale as a number greater than 1 to show it larger and number between 0 – 1 to show it in smaller view

 Line Weight and Color Control

Line weight used to change the thickness of any line and also color control can control the line color.

Color Control

Line Weight

We can hide or show the line weight from this icon

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 Class Work 2
Example c2.1

Example c2.2

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Example c2.3

Draw then Record the

distance and angle for
each point using relative
coordinates

Start Point 1.5, 1.75 at 1

To Point 2 @___ , ___
To Point 3 @___ , ___
To Point 4 @___ , ___
To Point 5 @___ , ___
To Point 6 @___ , ___
To Point 7 @___ , ___
To Point 8 @___ , ___
To Point 9 @___ , ___
To Point 10 @___ , ___
To Point 11 @___ , ___
To Point 12 @___ , ___
To Point 1 @___ , ___

Example c2.4

Draw then Record the

Absolute coordinates for
each point
10 9
Start Point 4, 5 at 1
To Point 2 ___ , ___
To Point 3 ___ , ___
To Point 4 ___ , ___ 8
12 11
To Point 5 ___ , ___
To Point 6 ___ , ___
To Point 7 ___ , ___ 7
To Point 8 ___ , ___
To Point 9 ___ , ___ 3 4
To Point 10 ___ , ___ 1 2
To Point 11 ___ , ___
To Point 12 ___ , ___
To Point 1 ___ , ___
5 6

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Example c2.5

Example c2.6

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 Home Work 2
Example h2.1

Draw then Record the

Distance and angle for
each point
13 12 10 9
Start Point 3.2, 5.1 at 1
To Point 2 ___ , ___ 5 6
To Point 3 ___ , ___
To Point 4 ___ , ___
To Point 5 ___ , ___
To Point 6 ___ , ___
14 15 3
To Point 7 ___ , ___ 7
To Point 8 ___ , ___ 11 8
To Point 9 ___ , ___
To Point 10 ___ , ___ 17
To Point 11 ___ , ___ 16
To Point 12 ___ , ___ 2 4
To Point 13 ___ , ___ 1
To Point 14 ___ , ___
To Point 15 ___ , ___
To Point 16 ___ , ___
To Point 17 ___ , ___
To Point 1 ___ , ___

Example h2.2
Draw this figure using coordinates start point 10, 5

Start Point
10, 5 30
Example h2.3

Example h2.4

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Example h2.5

Example h2.6

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 LAB 3
 Selecting Objects
1. Implied Window Selection
An implied window is a method of selecting objects by creating a selection window around those objects.
To select objects using an implied window, click in a blank area of the drawing then drag the cursor from left to
right and click the opposite corner of the selection window. Objects enclosed completely within the implied
window will be selected.

 Only objects that are entirely within the rectangular window are selected.
 If any part of an object is outside the window, that object is not selected.
 Although the drag movement must be from left to right, it can also be up and across, or down and across
the drawing area. The drag movement shown here is up and across.

2. Implied Crossing Selection

Implied crossing means that you have not manually specified a specific selection method. To make a
crossing selection, you specify opposite corners that define a rectangular area. The first corner point must be in
your drawing area, but cannot be touching any existing objects. After specifying the first corner point, you drag the
cursor from right to left to create a crossing selection that is in the opposite direction of the previous Window
selection.

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  All objects that are within or touched by the rectangular crossing window are included in the selection set.
 Although the drag movement must be from right to left, it can be up and across or down and across the
drawing area.
 The crossing window has a dashed outline and a differently colored shading to distinguish it from that used
in a window selection.

 Erase Command
Use the Erase command to remove geometry from the drawing. You can select objects by picking them
directly, or using selection options such as a window or crossing window.

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  Circle Command
Use the Circle command to create circles in the drawing. When you start the Circle command, you are
prompted to select a center point, then specify the radius. Use the data input methods discussed earlier to input
these values.

In the following image, the circle center point is selected and you are prompted to specify a radius.

Or

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 Try the following options of a circle of Radius 5 MM

 Arc Command
The Arc command creates an arc based on three points. Using the default method for creating an arc, you
specify a start point, a second point, and an end point. The arc radius and center point are calculated based on the
position of the three consecutive points you specify.

The following illustration represents an arc being created through three points:

The Arc has great full options which help you to design any length and any shape for an Arc, try
the following options

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Examples:

1. Design arc with first point 4,4 and second point 6,6 and third point 8,4

Steps
1. Select Arc command then type in the first point 4,4 then enter
2. Then the second point 6,6 then enter
3. Then the end point 8,4

2. Design Arc with chord length 8 mm to up and the center at 10, 6 and start point at 5, 6
Steps
1. Select Arc command then type C or Center then type 10,6 then enter
2. Then in the start point type 5,6 then enter
3. Then type chord length then type 8 with the curser is up then enter

3. Design Arc with angle 45, center at 5, 5 and start point at 8,5
Steps
1. Select Arc command then type C or Center then type 10,6 then enter
2. Then in the start point type 5,6 then enter
3. Then type angle then type 45 then enter

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 Class Work 3
Example c3.1

Example c3.2

Example c3.3

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Example c3.4

Example c3.5

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Example c3.6

Homework 3
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Example h3.1

Example h3.2

Example h3.3

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Example h3.4

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 LAB 4
 Polyline Command
A polyline is a connected sequence of line segments created as a single object. You can create straight line
segments, arc segments, or a combination of the two

To open Polyline command:

1. Choose Draw then Polyline.

2. Pick the Pline icon.

3. Type PLINE at the command prompt Command : PLINE or PL

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 The options that can be used in Polyline
1. Close - Connect the last segment of a pline with the first.
2. Length - Draws a pline segment at the same angle as and connected to the
previous segment using a length you specify. If the last element was an Arc, the
new segment is tangent to the Arc.
3. Undo - Reverses that last Polyline operation.
4. Arc - Allows you to create a Pline arc, which can be added to an existing
segment, or used to begin a Pline object. NOTE: When Arc is selected: Prompt
changes to: Angle / CEnter / CLose / Direction / Halfwidth / Line / Radius /
Second pt / Undo / Width / <Endpoint of Arc>

Arc Options
1. Angle - Creates an Arc through a specific number of degrees. A negative value
for the angle creates an Arc that is clockwise in direction.
2. CEnter - Allows you to specify a center point for the Arc segment.
3. CLose- Closes the Pline segment by connecting it to the first segment created.
4. Direction- Allows you to select a starting direction for the arc instead of using the
ending direction of the previous segment as a default.
5. Line- Switches back to drawing line segments instead of arcs.
6. Radius - Allows you to specify a radius for the arc.
7. Second pt - Allows you to create an arc through three points.

 Rectangle Command
Use the Rectangle command to create rectangular objects. A single polyline object is created with this
command. The simplest method for creating a rectangle is to specify the first corner, then the opposite corner.
Other options for creating the rectangle include the Area, Dimension, and Rotation options.

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 The options which can be used by rectangle command:

Steps to draw a rectangle with L: 5 mm and W: 7 mm

1. Choose the icon define rectangle command
2. Specify the first corner in the desired place
3. Type Dimension or D
4. Type in specify length 5 then enter
5. Type in specify width 7 then enter
6. Choose where we place the rectangle

 Polygon Command
Use the Polygon command to create regular polygon geometry by specifying the center point and radius of
an imaginary circle, or the start point and endpoint of one of the polygon edges. Regardless of the method you
choose to define the polygon, all of its sides are equal in length

The default method for creating polygons is to specify a center point and radius. When you choose this
method, you must choose either the Inscribed or Circumscribed option. Depending on the option you choose, the
size of the polygon is calculated as shown in the following image

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 The options that can be used by polygon command

Polygon Command Guidelines

1. Polygons can have between 3 and 1024 sides.
2. Regardless of the number of sides you choose, all sides are equal in length.
3. The Polygon command creates polyline objects.
4. Polygon is a good tool for creating balloons and other types of annotation symbols

Example:
1. Draw Polygon with 5 sides with Inscribed in circle of radius 6 and angle 0
2. Draw Polygon with 6 sides with circumscribed in circle of radius 7 and angle 30

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  Arrays
Using the Array command, you can duplicate existing objects in a rectangle or circular (polar) pattern. You
can select which type of array to use in the Array dialog box. Click the Rectangular or Polar options to see point,
distance, and method requirements for each type.

The following illustration shows a rectangular and polar array.

Or Click on

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For a Polar Array:

1. Prompt: Select objects: Select the item/s you wish to copy.

2. Prompt: Select objects: Either select additional items or press Enter to move to the next
prompt.
3. Prompt: Center point of array: Use a locating method to identify the center for the
array.
4. Prompt: Number of items: Type in the number of copies needed (including the
original).
5. Prompt: Angle to fill (=+CCW, -=CW) <360>: Type in the number of
degrees (positive or negative) or press Enter to accept 360 degrees.
6. Prompt: Rotate objects as they are copied? <Y>: Type Y or N and Enter.

For a Rectangular Array:

1. Prompt: Select objects: Select the item/s you wish to copy.

2. Prompt: Select objects: Either select additional items or press Enter to move to the next
prompt.
3. Prompt: Number of rows (---) <1>: Type in the number of rows desired.
4. Prompt: Number of columns (|||) <1>: Type in the number of columns desired.
5. Prompt: Unit cell or distance between rows (---): Enter the distance between rows
(based on the same point on the array element).
6. Prompt: Distance between columns (|||): Enter the distance between columns (based on
the same point on the element)

Guidelines for Rectangular Versus Polar Array

1. To create many regularly spaced objects,the Arraycommand isfaster than Copy command.
2. For rectangular array, specify the number of rows and columns and the distance between each.

3. For Polar Array, specify the number of copies of the object, the angle to fill, and whether the copies are
rotated.
4. Specify the center point about which the objects will array.
5. A Polar Array is drawn counterclockwise or clockwise, depending on whether you enter a positive or a
negative value for the angle to fill.

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 Class Work 4
Example c4.1

Example c4.2

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Example c4.3

Example c4.4

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Example c4.5

Example c4.6

4x4

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Example c4.7

Example c4.8

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 Homework 4
Example h4.1

Example h4.2

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Example h4.3

3x3

Example h4.4

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Example h4.5

Example h4.6

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Example h4.7

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 LAB 5
 Object Snap
You will use object snaps for all drawing and most editing operations. Using object snaps is the best way to
ensure the accuracy of all of your objects.

Every object you create has various selectable points that you can use to position other objects. Every time
you create an object you are required to specify a point or location. It is critical that these points be defined
accurately if you expect your drawing to be accurate.

In the following illustration, the image on the left shows a door placement that used an object snap to
place the door. The image on the right shows what the door placement looks like if you do not use an object snap.

Object Snaps Defined:

The following image shows three of the most basic types of objects that you can create: a line, a circle, and
an arc. In this example, the line has two unique snap types with three possible locations that you can select; the
circle has two unique snap types with five possible locations that you can select; the arc has three unique snap
types with four possible locations that you can select.

1. Endpoint
2. Midpoint
3. Center point
4. Quadrant

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Object Snap Settings
 The quickest way to turn Running Object Snap on or off is from the Status bar button
 If you right click on this button, you can select Settings to change the object snap options in the
Drafting Settings dialog box (shown below).
 You can also select the snap modes from the shortcut menu.
 A selected object snap mode will be highlighted

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Or

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1. Endpoint: Snaps to the closest endpoint of an arc, elliptical arc, line, multiline, polyline segment, spline,
region, or ray, or to the closest corner of a trace, solid, or 3D face.

2. Midpoint: Snaps to the midpoint of an arc, elliptical arc, line, multiline, polyline segment, region, solid,
spline, or xline.

3. Center: Snaps to the center points of circles, arcs, or ellipses.

4. Node: Snaps to a point object, dimension definition point, or dimension text origin.

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5. Quadrant: Snaps to quadrant points on a circle, arc, or ellipse.

6. Intersection: Snaps to the intersection of any two of the following: arc, circle, ellipse, elliptical arc, line,
multiline, polyline, ray, region, spline, or xline.

7. Extension: Causes a temporary extension line to display when you pass the cursor over the endpoint of
objects, so you can draw objects to and from points on the extension line. You can also use the Extension
object snap to find the intersection of two objects that would intersect if the objects were extended along
their natural paths.

8. Insertion: Snaps to the insertion point of an attribute, a block, a shape, or text.

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9. Perpendicular: Snaps to a point perpendicular to an arc, circle, ellipse, elliptical arc, line, multiline, polyline,
ray, region, solid, spline, or xline.

10. Tangent: Snaps to a point on a circle or an arc that forms a line tangent to the object. Snaps to the tangent
of an arc, circle, ellipse, elliptical arc, polyline arc segment, or spline.

11. Nearest: Snaps to the nearest point on an arc, circle, ellipse, elliptical arc, line, multiline, point, polyline,
ray, spline, or xline.

12. Parallel: Draws a vector parallel to another object whenever you are prompted for the second point of a
vector.

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  Copying Objects
In conventional drafting, one of the most time-consuming tasks is to duplicate an object. You use the Copy
command to quickly create duplicates of objects at a specified distance from the original.

After starting the Copy command and selecting the object(s) to copy, you then specify the base point
(where the object is being copied from) followed by the second point or displacement (where the object is being
copied to). To create multiple copies, simply continue specifying second points or displacement values.

Command Line: COPY or C

Menu Bar: Modify tab > copy

Procedure:
1. Click Modify tab > Copy
2. Select the object(s) to copy and press ENTER
3. Specify a base point for the copy
4. Specify a second point or displacement
5. Continue to specify second points to create additional copies

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  Moving Objects
The Move command enables you to reposition an object in the drawing by selecting a base point, where
the object is moving from, followed by a point to define where the object is moving to. You can select the two
points or use the Displacement option of the command. If you use the Displacement option, the coordinate values
you enter specify a relative distance and direction from the basepoint you selected. Another option is to use grips
to reposition an object. You select a grip and then activate the Move command and select a position to move the
selected grip and the object to

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 Procedure:
1. Click Modify Tab > Move
2. Select the objects to move and press ENTER to end the object selection
3. Specify a base point (where the objects are moving from)
4. Specify a second point (where the objects are moving to)
5. The object is moved to the new point

 Grouping
Grouping is a tool allow us to group or connect more than object to perform operations with them as one
object and we can use group command to connect more than shape like rectangle or polygon or Polyline or arcs as
on object even if there is a distance between them, also it useful in move object instead of move each object
separately

The following figure show more than one object grouped with each other

We can select Group command from:

1. Click Tools tab > Group
2. Type in Command Window: GROUP
3. Select objects then Right click and choose group

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  Join
Use the Join command to combine individual segments of like objects into a single object, to reduce file
size, and to improve drawing quality. The Join command can be used on polylines, lines, arcs, elliptical arcs, and
splines.

Or

The options used:

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Examples

Examples
1. Joining Lines with the Join Command
1. On the Modify panel, click Join
2. Select the source line
3. Select the other lines to join to the source line and press ENTER
4. The selected line segments are joined together

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2. Converting an Arc to a Circle with the Join Command
1. On the Modify Draw panel, click Join
2. Select an arc
3. Right-click and click Close on the shortcut menu.
4. The arc is converted to a circle

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 Class Work 5
Draw the three Views of the following examples
Example c5.1

Example c5.2

69
Example c5.3

70
 Homework 5
Example h5.1

Example h5.2

71
Example h5.3

Example h5.4

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 LAB 6
 Trim objects
You can use the Trim command to shorten. This means that you can create an object such as a line and
later adjust it to fit precisely between other objects. When you use the Trim command, you select objects to use as
cutting edges and trim geometry back to those objects. You select the portion of the object to trim, not the portion
to keep.

Or

Procedure:
1. Click Modify tab > Trim
2. Either select the objects to serve as cutting edges and then press ENTER, or press ENTER without
selecting any objects. Pressing ENTER without selecting activates implied selection, where all
suitable objects in the drawing are treated as potential cutting edges
3. Select the objects to trim
4. Press ENTER to end the command and view your completed operation

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Revision

74
 Class Work 6
Example c6.1

Example c6.2

75
Example c6.3

Example c6.4

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 Homework 6
Example h6.1
Complete the following statements:
1- Regen and Regen All Command used to …………………………………………………………….
2- The Cartesian coordinate system is used to…………………………………………………………

3- This icon is …………… and used for …………………………………

4- ……………… Coordinate is a point located from a previously selected point
5- You can use ……………. command to shorten
6- In object snap, ………. : Draws a vector parallel to another object whenever you are prompted for the
second point of a vector
7- In rectangular command, Area used for …………………………………………………………………………..
8- Use …………………. command to remove geometry from the drawing
9- The …………….. window has a dashed outline and a differently colored shading to distinguish it from that
used in a window selection.
10- Use the Join command to …………………………………………………………………………………..

Example h6.2
Answer the following
1- Discuss in details the rectangle command
2- What are the options and guidelines used in the polygon command?
3- Is Polyline connected lines and arcs? Explain.
4- Write short notes about the type of coordinates showing with graphs
5- Explain the interface of AutoCAD
6- Give an example to show how we can construct a rectangle array with M rows and N columns.
7- What is the difference between join and group commands?
8- How can we copy an object?
9- What is the procedure to Converting an Arc to a Circle with the Join Command
10- Explain in details the options used in Polyline

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Example h6.3

Example h6.4

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 LAB 7
 Mirror
Using the Mirror command, you can create symmetric versions of geometry. When you activate the Mirror
command, you are prompted to select the objects to mirror and to define a mirror line. The mirror line defines a
vector across which all selected geometry is mirrored. After defining the mirror line, you can decide whether to
erase or retain the source geometry. You can also control the Mirror command using grips.

Mirror works for all object types.

Procedure: Mirroring Objects

1. Activate the Mirror command.

2. Select the objects to be mirrored. Press ENTER.

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 3. Select two points to define the mirror line.

4. Enter Y to erase source objects or N to keep the source objects. Notice that the orientation of the
text remains the same.

 Offset
The Offset command used to create geometry that is offset from or parallel to other geometry in the
drawing. In a typical drawing, you are likely to find several objects that are parallel to or offset from each other. You
can use the Offset command to create this effect on geometry in the drawing and increase efficiency by reusing
existing geometry. The following illustration shows several parallel lines and concentric circles. The Offset
command can be used to create these types of objects.

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Command Options

Procedure: Offsetting Geometry a Specific Distance

1. On the ribbon, click Home tab > Modify panel > Offset.
2. Specify the offset distance by selecting two points.
Note: You can enter a value instead of selecting points.

3. Select the object to offset.

4. Select a point on the side where you want to place the new objects.

5. Select another object to offset or exit the command.

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  Extend
When you use the Extend command, you select objects to use as boundary edges and extend geometry to
those objects. In the following illustration, the boundary edge (2) is indicated with an arrow. Selecting the lines (1)
at the location of the arrows extends each line to the first boundary edge it encounters. The completed command
is illustrated in the image on the right.

Procedure: Extending Objects

1. click Extend command
2. Either select the objects to serve as boundary edges (1) and then press ENTER, or press ENTER
without selecting any objects. Pressing ENTER without selecting, activates implied selection, where
all suitable objects in the drawing are treated as potential boundary edges.

82
3. Select the objects to extend (2).

4. Press ENTER to end the command and view your completed operation

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 Class Work 7
Example c7.1

Example c7.2

84
 Homework 7
Example h7.1

Example h7.2

85
Example h7.3

86
 LAB 8
 Break
This lesson describes how to break objects into two separate objects using the Break command. The two
new objects have the same properties as the original, but you can modify them independently. There may be
instances when you need to break an object into two or more separate pieces. While the Trim command can
accomplish this, the Break command can break objects without the need for cutting geometry and the resulting
pieces can have coincident endpoints. In the following illustration, the Break command was used to break an
existing line (1) so that the properties of the resulting new object could be changed independently (2).

87
Command Options

Procedure: Breaking Objects Using the Break Command

1. click Break.
2. Select the object to break. If you do not manually specify the first point of the break, then the point
at which you select the object is used as the first point of the break.

3. Right-click anywhere in the drawing. Click First Point.

4. Select the first point of the break.

5. Select the second point of the break.

The selected object is broken at the points specified

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 Procedure: Breaking Objects Using the Break at Point Command
1. Click Break at Point.
2. Select the object to be broken.

3. Select the first break point.

4. The first break point is automatically used for the second break point, resulting in two objects with
coincident endpoints.
Note that when the object is selected the grips display the broken segment

 Explode
Breaks a compound object to its component object. Explodes a compound object when you want to modify
its components separately. Objects that can be exploded include blocks, polylines and regions among others

Explode

Explode

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  Layer Tools
When you create and manage layers, you use the Layer Properties Manager and the Layer Control list on
the ribbon. Together, these commands and tools provide you with the functionality required to effectively create,
manage, and assign objects to layers.
Layers Panel

Use the Layer Properties Manager to create layers and control the color, linetype, lineweight, and other properties
of each layer.

To quickly make an object's layer current, use the following command.

To return to the previous layer settings, use the following command.

Layer Properties Manager Dialog Box

Your primary tool for managing layers is the Layer Properties Manager. Use this dialog box to create and
manage layers.

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Command Options

91
Layer Status

The visibility and availability of objects on specific layers are determined by the layer's status. The following table
describes the potential status of a layer.
These icons appear in the Layer Properties Manager and the Layer list. Click the icon to change the status of the
layer.

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93
 Class Work 8
Example c8.1
Given two views find the third view

Example c8.2
Given two views find the third view

94
Example c8.3
Given two views find the third view

Example c8.4
Given two views find the third view

95
 Homework 8
Example h8.1
Given two views find the third view

Example h8.2
Given two views find the third view

96
Example h8.3
Given two views find the third view

Example h8.4
Given two views find the third view

Side View Front View

97
Example h8.5
Given two views find the third view

Side View Elevation

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 LAB 9
 Fillets
You can use the Fillet command to connect two objects quickly with a smoothly fitted arc of a specified
radius. You usually use it to represent a rounded edge on a corner; an inside corner is called a fillet and an outside
corner is called a round. You can fillet lines, arcs, circles, ellipses, polylines, xlines, splines, and rays. You can also
create a sharp corner with the Fillet command by specifying a radius value of 0.

Command Options

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Procedure: Applying a Radius Corner with the Fillet Command
The following steps give an overview of how to apply a radius corner with the Fillet command.
1. Start the Fillet command.
2. On the command line, verify the current fillet settings. If required, set the options appropriately.
Command: FILLETCurrent settings: Mode = TRIM, Radius = 1.0000Select first object or
[Undo/Polyline/Radius/Trim/Multiple]:
3. Select the first object to fillet.
4. Select the second object to fillet. The fillet is created.

 Chamfers
You use the Chamfer command to quickly create a line between two nonparallel lines. It is usually used to
represent a beveled edge on a corner. You can chamfer lines, polylines, xlines, and rays.

Procedure: Creating Chamfers

The following steps give an overview of creating chamfers with the Chamfer command.
1. Start the Chamfer command.
2. Confirm the settings on the command line. If necessary, adjust the options as required for the
design intent. Command: _chamfer(NOTRIM mode) Current chamfer Dist1 = 1.0000, Dist2 = 1.5000
Select first line or [Undo/Polyline/Distance/Angle/Trim/mEthod/Multiple]:
3. Select the first object to be chamfered.
4. Select the second object to be chamfered. The chamfer feature is created.

100
Command Options

101
 Class Work 9
Example c9.1
Given two views find the third view

Example c9.2
Given two views find the third view

102
Example c9.3
Given two views find the third view

Example c9.4
Given two views find the third view

103
 Homework 9
Example h9.1
Given two views find the third view

Example h9.2
Given two views find the third view

104
Example h9.3
Given two views find the third view

Example h9.4
Given two views find the third view

105
 LAB 10
 Hatch
Fills an enclosed area or selected objects with a hatch pattern, solid fill, or gradient fill.

Hatch or Hat

Note: Zero angle means hatching with angle 45

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 Print(plot)

Plot

107
 Class Work 10
Example c10.1

Example C10.2

108
Example c10.3

109
 Home Work 10
Example h10.1

Example h10.2

110
Example h10.3

111