Optimization of Combustion in Pulverized Coal Fired Boiler
Optimization of Combustion in Pulverized Coal Fired Boiler
Optimization of Combustion in Pulverized Coal Fired Boiler
FIRED BOILER
1
Tharayil James Joseph, 2Prof. B. A. Shah, 3Mr. D.M. Jethva
Mechanical Eng. Dept., Institute of Technology, Nirma University
Mechanical Eng. Dept., Institute of Technology, Nirma University
Executive Engineer , GSECL, WTPS
Email:113mmet21@nirmauni.ac.in, 2balkrushna.shah@nirmauni.ac.in, 3dinkar.jet@gmail.com
Abstract— The demand of electricity is existing power plants. Coal is the major fossil
increasing nowadays and has raised the fuel in India and continues to play a prime role in
necessity of improved power generation the energy sector. The coal combustion process
technologies, especially in developing produces many pollutants, and in turn leads to
countries like India. Reduction of emissions acid rain and climate change like global
of greenhouse gases is the need of hour and it warming. Operating a boiler that is not
could be achieved considerably by improving optimized further leads to increased levels of
the efficiency of existing coal fired plants. unburnt carbon, increased excess air
Operation of non-optimized boiler can lead to requirements, incorrect primary and secondary
reduced boiler efficiency, increased excess air air to fuel ratios, reduced boiler efficiency and
requirements, delayed combustion, increased increased slagging etc. Hence it is necessary for
heat loss, high CO and NOx emissions and
all thermal power plants to optimize the
many other. Optimization of combustion in
combustion. In this paper, combustion is
pulverized coal fired boiler is very important
optimized by the use of secondary air damper
today for every thermal power plant. The aim
of the paper is to optimize combustion using which reduces heat loss and increases boiler
secondary air damper which leads to efficiency.
improved boiler efficiency with reduced heat II. SECONDARY AIR DAMPER CONTROL (SADC)
losses. The secondary air which is handled by the FD
Index Terms— Optimization, combustion, fan passes through the air heater and to the
greenhouse gases, secondary air damper windbox connecting duct which supplies the
I. INTRODUCTION secondary air to a pair of windboxes. The
India is a seventh largest country and has a very secondary air is divided into two parts, namely,
large population. To maintain growth rate, rapid fuel air and auxiliary air. Fuel air is that air
growth in energy sector is needed. About 70.6% which immediately surrounds the fuel nozzles.
Since this air provides a covering for the fuel
of power generation comes from thermal power
nozzles it is also called mantle air. Auxiliary air
plants, in which 61.5% generation comes from
is admitted through compartments above and
using coal as fuel [1]. The demand of electricity below the fuel nozzles. Dampers are provided in
is increasing day by day and has raised the the windbox compartments so that the correct
necessity of improved power generation quantities of air to the individual compartments
technologies or to improve the performance of can be modulated to achieve the better
combustion in the furnace.
ISSN(PRINT):2394-6202,(ONLINE):2394-6210,VOLUME-1,ISSUE-6,2015
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN PRODUCTION AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERING (IJAPME)
If above mentioned losses are added, then it optimal value of excess air than incomplete
results into combined heat loss. This loss combustion loss increases very sharply.
decreases as excess air increases, reaches
COMBINED HEAT LOSS
minimum and then increases as still more excess
air is added. Thus there is only one quantity of Figure 4 shows result of combined heat losses.
excess air which will give the lowest loss for the This loss is minimum when the amount of excess
combustion of a particular fuel. air supplied is 15% as shown in figure. With
V. ANALYSIS OF OPTIMUM EXCESS AIR increase or decrease of the optimum value of
The analysis for finding an optimum air supply is excess air, heat losses increases. Thus after
found out at full load. By determining the analysis, it is found that the optimum value of
percentage change in heat loss with percentage excess air at which heat losses are minimum and
change in excess air, optimum quality of excess efficiency is maximum is 15%.
air supply is to be found. At optimal value of
excess air, heat losses are minimum and
efficiency is maximum. To find out the air
supplied at which heat losses are minimum,
design parameters of boiler were considered.
A. DRY FLUE GAS LOSS
This loss basically depends upon the mass
supplied and the flue gas temperature. Figure 2
shows that as the amount of air supplied Fig. 4 Combined Heat Loss vs Excess Air
increases, the amount of mass supplied and the
VI. BOILER EFFICIENCY BEFORE AND AFTER
outlet flue gas temperature increases in other
CORRECTING DAMPER
words dry flue gas loss increases.
Using Coal analysis and operating parameters,
the boiler efficiency and heat losses in boiler
were calculated by “heat loss method” as per
Bureau of energy efficiency booklet.
Table-I shows heat losses in boiler and boiler
efficiency calculated according to “Heat Loss
Method” before correcting damper position.
I. HL & efficiency in boiler before correcting
Fig. 2 Dry Flue Gas vs Excess Air
damper
B. INCOMPLETE COMBUSTION LOSS
Value
Incomplete combustion loss is formation of Calculated Parameters
s
carbon monoxide instead of carbon dioxide
Theoretical air required (kg/kg of
during combustion. 5.82
fuel)
Actual air supplied (kg/kg of fuel) 7.14
% Excess air 22.8
% Heat loss due to dry flue gas 7.34
% Heat loss due to evaporation of
4.55
water formed due to H2 in fuel
% Heat loss due to evaporation of
2.03
moisture present in fuel
Fig. 3 Incomplete Combustion Loss vs Excess
Air % Heat loss due to moisture present
0.19
As shown in Figure 3, when the amount of air in air
supplied is higher than the optimal value of % Heat loss due to unburnt in fly ash 0.46
excess air, the incomplete combustion loss is % Heat loss due to unburnt in
0.39
very less and reduces at constant rate but when bottom ash
the amount of air supplied is lower than the % Heat loss due to radiation 0.5
ISSN(PRINT):2394-6202,(ONLINE):2394-6210,VOLUME-1,ISSUE-6,2015
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN PRODUCTION AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERING (IJAPME)
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