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    Why 4-20 Ma Signal Is Used in Industrial Instrumentation?: Google Chrome

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    munro_85
    4-20 mA signals are used in industrial instrumentation because: 1. They can detect faulty instruments, as 4 mA ensures a minimum current even if the instrument fails. 2. They have good noise immunity and are unaffected by voltage drops over long cable runs. 3. Loop-powered field instruments can function using the same two wires for both power and signal transmission. Setting the lower range to 4 mA leaves enough current (3.5-3.6 mA) to power instruments.

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    Why 4-20 Ma Signal Is Used in Industrial Instrumentation?: Google Chrome

    Uploaded by

    munro_85
    88 views2 pages
    4-20 mA signals are used in industrial instrumentation because: 1. They can detect faulty instruments, as 4 mA ensures a minimum current even if the instrument fails. 2. They have good noise immunity and are unaffected by voltage drops over long cable runs. 3. Loop-powered field instruments can function using the same two wires for both power and signal transmission. Setting the lower range to 4 mA leaves enough current (3.5-3.6 mA) to power instruments.

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    significance of 4-20 mA

    Original Title

    4-20 mA

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    4-20 mA signals are used in industrial instrumentation because: 1. They can detect faulty instruments, as 4 mA ensures a minimum current even if the instrument fails. 2. They have good noise immunity and are unaffected by voltage drops over long cable runs. 3. Loop-powered field instruments can function using the same two wires for both power and signal transmission. Setting the lower range to 4 mA leaves enough current (3.5-3.6 mA) to power instruments.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    88 views2 pages

    Why 4-20 Ma Signal Is Used in Industrial Instrumentation?: Google Chrome

    Uploaded by

    munro_85
    4-20 mA signals are used in industrial instrumentation because: 1. They can detect faulty instruments, as 4 mA ensures a minimum current even if the instrument fails. 2. They have good noise immunity and are unaffected by voltage drops over long cable runs. 3. Loop-powered field instruments can function using the same two wires for both power and signal transmission. Setting the lower range to 4 mA leaves enough current (3.5-3.6 mA) to power instruments.

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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    Why 4-20 ma signal is used in Industrial instrumentation? - Interview Q & A / Instru...

    Page 1 of 2

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    Why 4-20 ma signal is used in Industrial instrumentation?


    instrumentation, interviewquestions

    denizen Aug '17


    Aug 2017
    4-20 ma Signal in Industrial Instrumentation
    1/2
    Signal Flow from Instrument to Controller (PLC/DCS/Stand alone controller) - Aug 2017

    A physical signal(Temperature / Pressure / Level / Flow etc) measured by a sensor is converted to an electrical
    signal by a transducer. These signals are non standard signals. These non standard signals are converted to a
    standard signal by a Transmitter. These standard signals are fed to processor (PLC / DCS / Stand alone
    controller ).

    Different type of standard signals are used in Industrial Instrumentation . 4-20 ma,0-5 VDC, 1-5 VDC. May 31

    4-20 ma

    PLC/DCS use analog to digital converter to convert voltage signal to digital numbers which are understandably
    by CPU.

    The measuring device has 250 ohm resistor. As for current signals,they are converted to voltage signals like
    this

    4 ma * 250 ohm = 1 v
    20ms * 250 ohm = 5v

    The converted 1 -5 vdc will go to analog digital converter.

    Why 4 ma is used instead of 0 ma and why 20 ma is used?

    If instrument is faulty,it can be easily identified. If the output is 0 ma it will be difficult to identify whether it is a
    faulty signal or a good signal.For error detection 4 ma is good.

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    20 ma is used as maximum because the human heart can withstand up to 30 ma of current only. For safety
    reason 20 ma chosen as maximum value.

    Scaling of 4-20 ma is easy.

    4 ma = 0 %
    8 ma = 25%
    12 ma = 50%

    https://automationforum.in/t/why-4-20-ma-signal-is-used-in-industrial-instrumentation/... 9/12/2018
    Why 4-20 ma signal is used in Industrial instrumentation? - Interview Q & A / Instru... Page 2 of 2

    16 ma = 75%
    20 ma = 100%

    What are the advantages 4-20 ma signal comparing to voltage signals (0-5v ,1-5v) ?

    1.Voltage Drop - Very long cables have resistance and that will cause a voltage drop. The voltage drop will
    affect the reading. Current signal doesn’t have this problem.

    2.Electromagnetic interference - Current signals are immune to electromagnetic interference.

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    How to calculate percentage signal corresponding to ma signal ?

    MV - Measured Value
    LRV - Low range Value
    Span = 20 ma - 4 ma = 16 ma.

    Formula to calculate percentage signal

    (MV - LRV) / Span * 100 %

    Calculate percentage value corresponding to 14.98 ma.

    (14.98 - 4 ) / 16 * 100 % = 68.6 %

     4-20 mA Current loop - Calculation of process variable


     4-20mA transmitter - basic

    carl_e May 31

    Why 4 ma is used instead of 0 ma?

    The primary reason for 4mA as a ‘range zero’ is not its live-zero error detection functionality; the main reason is
    that a 4.0mA ‘range zero’ allows about 3.5 to 3.6mA of electrical power to be used to “loop power” field
    instruments using the same 2 wires for power as are used for the signal. 2 wire loop power functionality was
    the driving factor for a 4mA range zero.

    4 wire 4-20mA signals, like a controller output that drives a valve positioner is not loop powered but the device
    it drives, the positioner uses 3.5 to 3.6mA to drive its internals.

    If the range zero were truly zero mA, then there would be no current, and therefore no power to drive a field
    instrument and field instruments would have to 3 or 4 wire devices, with all the attendant cost of additional
    wiring.

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    https://automationforum.in/t/why-4-20-ma-signal-is-used-in-industrial-instrumentation/... 9/12/2018

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