Hashemite University

Electrical and Computer Engineering

Communication Electronics

Triangular Wave
Generator
Design and Simulation using ADS 2006A

Supervised By:

Dr: Ahmad Al Manasreh

Achieved By:

Abdul Karem Al sbeeh

Ayman Sameer

Ahmad Hussan

Checked and Approved By:

Eng. Zahra
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Introduction
Chapter I

In this Report we achieve to build circuit, to Generate a Triangular wave by using the TL082 IC Chip.

Simple Speaking about this circuit, the circuit uses the two OP amplifiers. The OP of the one works as "the Schmitt
circuit". The other OP works as "the integration circuit".

The output of the Schmitt circuit becomes the square wave. The output of the Schmitt circuit is inputted to the
integration circuit. The output of the integration circuit becomes the triangular wave.

The power supply needs both of the positive power supply and the negative power supply.
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Circuit Operation
Chapter II

In this circuit that show in Fig.1, you can

calculate the Oscillation Frequency by this
Formula:

1 2
= 
41  3

1 20
= −3
× = 297.08 
4 × 3 × 1.1 × 10 5.1

Figure 1: Triangular Wave Generator Circuit

As for TL082, the two operational amplifiers are enclosed with the one package.

Figure 2: PIN connections (Top View) of TL082

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The triangular wave oscillator is composed of the Schmitt circuit

and the integration circuit which is being explained below.

IC1 is the Schmitt circuit and IC2 is the integration circuit.

In case of the turning on, the output (the A point) of the Schmitt
circuit becomes the positive or negative saturated voltage.
In the following explanation, the output makes the positive
saturated voltage.

The electric current flows through the capacitor C through the

resistor R1 when the A point becomes positive. When the electric
charge begins to store up in the capacitor, voltage of the both
edges of the capacitor begins to go up. Because the negative input
terminal of IC2 is approximately 0 V, the voltage of the output (the
B point) of the integration circuit falls gradually.

The positive input terminal voltage (the C point) of IC1 is the one
to have broken up the voltage difference between the A point and
the B point with the resistors R2 and R3.
Voltage of the C point, too, goes down when voltage of the B
point begins to go down. (The fall percentage depends on the
ratio of the resistors R2 and R3).

When the voltage of the C point falls below 0 V, the voltage of the
output (the A point) of the Schmitt circuit changes into the minus rapidly. For the voltage of the C point to fall below 0
V, the condition of R2>R3 is necessary. Then, the flow of the electric current to the capacitor C reverses and the
electric current flows through the direction of the A point through the resistor R1.
With this, the voltage of the B point rises gradually.
At this time, the C point changes into the direction of the negative and rises as the B point rises.(The rise percentage
depends on the ratio of the resistors R2 and R3).

When the voltage of the C point exceeds 0 V, the output (the A point) of the Schmitt circuit changes into the plus
rapidly. This changes the B point to the direction of the negative. The condition of R2>R3 is necessary for the voltage
of the C point to exceed 0 V, too.
Finally:
After that, it repeats this operation, the square wave is output by the A point and the triangular waveform is output by
the B point.
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ADS 2006 Simulation

Chapter III

Figure 3: Triangular Generator in ADS2006

In this Program “ADS 2006A” you can Simulate any IC chip by Enter the all specification that contains in Datasheet as
Fig.4.

Then you must prepare the Transient Simulation

to calculate the wave form of this Circuit you can
see that in fig.5.

Figure 4: ADS 2006 Values Entered Window

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Figure 5: Triangle and Square and Spectrum of Triangle wave

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Practical Story
Chapter IV

When we asked by our Dr. Ahmad to do a project of communication electronics, we think about building an integrated
system of (TX and RX) but this project, need to much IC's so we decided to build a crystal oscillator, but again there is a
problem in this oscillator, that it has internal output in the crystal part (you can show this by Genesys 2006 system).

Nowadays my group has a large graduation project, so we decided to build a small stage from many stages of that
project that we will take about it later. This stage is triangular wave generator.

First we think about building this generator by using 555 timers but this method is not accurate because the charging
and discharging of the capacitor.

Then we search about more accurate circuit and we find and simulated it in ADS system.

Then we go to buy the component from electronics center in Alabdaly and we build the circuit with no any disturbing.

But when we increase the oscillation frequency above 7 KHz the distortion begins to appear in the waveform. The
reason of this, related to the operation of the op-amp.

You can see this in the data sheet in Appendix A.

From the theoretical background and the practical we concluded that:

1. To work in the oscillation, the condition of R2>R3 is necessary. However, when making the value of R3 small
compared with R2, the output voltage becomes small. The near value is good for R2 and R3. You may make
opposite if not oscillating using the resistor with the same value.
2. The value of R2 must be larger than R3 to oscillate .This is the condition of this circuit.
3. The datasheet tell you about operation region of your component and you must apply this.
4. In general at high frequency the distortion begins.
5. For a good stability you must choose the value of component in the same family of unit such that (R1= 20 kΩ),
(R2= 12 kΩ) not one in M Ω and other in K Ω or in Ω, this is not good in fabrication.

References:
1. Electronic circuit analysis and Design, by Donald A Neamen.
2. Agilent Technology by ADS 2006A.
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Appendix A: TL082 Datasheet

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