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    Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common virus that can cause genital warts and several types of cancer. Nearly all sexually active individuals will be infected with HPV at some point. While the infection usually clears on its own, it can sometimes cause cancer years after infection. HPV is transmitted through skin-to-skin contact during sex and many people do not know they have the virus. There is no treatment for HPV itself but vaccines can prevent infection from high-risk HPV types that cause cancer.

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    Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common virus that can cause genital warts and several types of cancer. Nearly all sexually active individuals will be infected with HPV at some point. While the infection usually clears on its own, it can sometimes cause cancer years after infection. HPV is transmitted through skin-to-skin contact during sex and many people do not know they have the virus. There is no treatment for HPV itself but vaccines can prevent infection from high-risk HPV types that cause cancer.

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    Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common virus that can cause genital warts and several types of cancer. Nearly all sexually active individuals will be infected with HPV at some point. While the infection usually clears on its own, it can sometimes cause cancer years after infection. HPV is transmitted through skin-to-skin contact during sex and many people do not know they have the virus. There is no treatment for HPV itself but vaccines can prevent infection from high-risk HPV types that cause cancer.

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    650 views4 pages

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    Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common virus that can cause genital warts and several types of cancer. Nearly all sexually active individuals will be infected with HPV at some point. While the infection usually clears on its own, it can sometimes cause cancer years after infection. HPV is transmitted through skin-to-skin contact during sex and many people do not know they have the virus. There is no treatment for HPV itself but vaccines can prevent infection from high-risk HPV types that cause cancer.

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    Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

    About This Disease


    Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a group of more than 150 related viruses.
    Each HPV virus in this group is given a number which is called its HPV type.

    HPV is named for the warts (papillomas) some HPV types can cause. Some
    other types of HPV can lead to cancer.

    HPV infections are so common that nearly all men and women will get at
    least one type of HPV at some point in their lives. About 79 million
    Americans are currently infected with some type of HPV. About 14 million
    people in the U.S. become newly infected each year.

    While in most cases HPV goes away on its own and does not cause any health
    problems, HPV infections can sometimes cause certain cancers and other
    diseases. HPV infections can cause:

    Cancers of the cervix, vagina, and vulva in women


    Cancers of the penis in men
    Cancers of the anus and back of the throat, including the base of the
    tongue and tonsils (oropharynx) in both men and women.

    Every year in the U.S., HPV causes 30,700 cancers in men and women. HPV
    vaccination can prevent most of these cancers (about 28,000) from
    occurring.

    Signs and Symptoms


    Most people with HPV never develop symptoms or health problems. In 9 out
    of 10 cases, the infection goes away within two years. But occasionally, HPV
    infections will last longer and can cause certain cancers and other diseases,
    such as genital warts (usually appear as a small bump or groups of bumps in
    the genital area. They can be small or large, raised or flat, or shaped like a
    cauliflower).

    HPV cancers usually do not have symptoms until they are quite advanced,
    very serious and hard to treat. Cancer often takes years, even decades, to
    develop after a person gets HPV. There is no way to know which people who
    have HPV will develop cancer or other health problems. People with weak
    immune systems (including individuals with HIV/AIDS) may be less able to
    fight off HPV and more likely to develop health problems from it.

    Transmission
    HPV is transmitted through intimate skin-to-skin contact during vaginal,
    anal, or oral sex. A person can get HPV even if their partner doesn’t have any
    signs or symptoms of HPV infection. Most people do not realize they are
    infected. They also don’t know that they may be passing HPV to their sex
    partner(s). You can develop symptoms years after being infected, making it
    hard to know when you first became infected. It is possible for someone to
    get more than one type of HPV.

    Although uncommon, sometimes a pregnant woman with HPV can pass the
    virus to her baby during delivery. The child might develop recurrent
    respiratory papillomatosis (RRP), a rare but dangerous condition where
    warts caused by HPV grow inside the throat.

    There have not been any documented cases of people getting HPV from
    environmental surfaces, such as toilet seats. However, someone could be
    exposed to HPV from objects shared during sexual activity, if the object has
    been used by an infected person.

    Diagnosis
    Most people with HPV do not know they are infected and never develop
    symptoms or health problems from it. Some people find out they have HPV
    when they get genital warts. A healthcare provider can usually diagnose warts
    by looking at the genital area. Women may be diagnosed with HPV when
    they get an abnormal Pap test result (during cervical cancer screening).

    While there is screening for cervical cancer, there is no routine screening for
    the other 20,000 cancers caused by HPV infections each year in the U.S.
    Often these cancers, such as cancers of the back of the throat (oropharyngeal)
    and cancers of the anus/rectum, are not detected until later stages when they
    are difficult to treat.

    Treatment
    There is no specific treatment for HPV infection. Medical management
    depends on treatment of the specific clinical signs of the infection (such as
    genital warts or abnormal Pap smear).

    Immunity
    Infection with one type of HPV does not prevent infection with another type.

    The HPV9 vaccine protects against nine types of HPV, including those types
    responsible for the majority of HPV-associated cancers.

    Risk in Hawaii
    HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States.
    HPV is so common that almost every unvaccinated person who is sexually
    active will get HPV at some time in their life. Because health care providers
    are not required to report HPV infections to the Department of Health, the
    number of cases occurring annually in Hawaii is unknown.

    Prevention
    The HPV vaccine prevents infection with HPV types that are associated with
    many cancers.

    For HPV vaccine to be most effective, the series should be given before
    exposure to HPV. Preteens should receive all recommended doses of the
    HPV vaccine series long before they begin any type of sexual activity.
    However, people who have already been infected with one or more HPV types
    can still get protection from other HPV types in the vaccine.

    All preteens aged 11 or 12 years should receive two doses of HPV vaccine, with
    the second dose administered 6 – 12 months after the first.

    If the first HPV dose is administered on or after age 15 years, a 3-dose series
    is recommended. The 3-dose schedule is also recommended for persons with
    certain medical conditions affecting the immune system. The second dose
    should be administered 1 – 2 months after the first dose, and the third dose is
    recommended 6 months after the first dose.

    “Catch-up” vaccination is recommended through age 26 years for persons not


    previously immunized.

    Additional Resources
    Hawaii State Department of Health HPV Factsheet (PDF)

    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

    HPV Vaccine Information Statement

    HPV Vaccine Locator

    Information for Clinicians


    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

    Last reviewed April 2018

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