FX50
FX50
FX–50E
50 WATT
FM EXCITERS
This manual comprises two sections providing the following information for the Broadcast Electron
ics FX-50/E FM Exciter.
A. PART I - Contains information relative to installation, operation, and maintenance
of the overall exciter.
B. PART II - Contains detailed information for the following assemblies within the
exciter and any optional equipment:
1. Power Supply/Control Circuit Board
2. Metering Circuit Board
3. Modulated Oscillator Assembly
4. AFC/PLL Circuit Board
5. RF Amplifier Assembly
6. Optional Synchronous FM Booster System
SECTION II INSTALLATION
2-1 Introduction 2-1
2-3 Unpacking 2-1
2-6 Installation 2-1
2-8 Preliminary Installation 2-1
2-9 Environmental Considerations 2-1
2-10 AC Line Voltage Programming 2-1
2-17 Placement 2-4
2-18 Slide-Rail installation And Transmitter Mounting 2-4
2-19 Operating Function Programming 2-4
2-28 Gain Selection 2-5
2-29 Wiring 2-6
2-30 RF Output 2-6
SECTION V MAINTENANCE
5-1 Introduction 5-1
5-3 Safety Considerations 5-1
5-5 First Level Maintenance 5-1
5-8 Second Level Maintenance 5-1
5-11 Adjustments 5-2
5-13 Troubleshooting 5-2
5-15 DC Voltmeter 5-2
5-18 Component Replacement 5-5
5-24 Integrated Circuits 5-6
5-25 Exciter Preparation for Shipment 5-6
5-27 Exciter Frequency Change 5-6
-ii -
SECTION VII DRAWINGS
7-1 Introduction 7-1
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
FIGURE NO. DESCRIPTION PAGE NO.
1-1 FX-50/E Exciter 1-2
2-1 FX-50/E Rear-Panel Connections 2-2
2-2 FX-50/E Component Location Diagram 2-5
2-3 AFC/PLL Circuit Board Gain Connections 2-6
2-4 Low-Pass Filter Installation 2-10
3-1 FX-50/E Controls and Indicators 3-4
4-1 FX-50/E Overall Simplified Schematic 4-3
5-1 FX-50/E Assembly 5-4
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE NO. DESCRIPTION PAGE NO.
1-1 FX-50/E Exciter Specifications 1-3
1-2 Physical and Environmental Specifications 1-5
2-1 Remote FX-50/E Exciter Connections 2-8
3-1 FX-50/E Control and Indicators 3-2
3-2 Power/VSWR Conversion 3-3
5-1 Typical Meter Indications 5-3
5-2 AC Power Requirements 5-3
6-1 Replaceable Parts List Index 6-1
-iii -
SECTION I
GENERAL INFORMATION
1-1. INTRODUCTION.
1-2. Information presented by this section provides a general description of the FX-50/E FM
Exciter features and lists equipment specifications.
1-3. RELATED PUBLICATIONS.
1-4. The following list of publications provides data for equipment and options associated with
the FX-50/E FM Exciters.
PUBLICATION NUMBER EQUIPMENT
597-0008-004 FC-30 SCA Generator
597-9900 LYNX FM Digital Stereo Generator
1-5. EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION.
1-6. The FX-50/E exciters are available in several configurations. Refer to the following list for
various exciter models, spare parts kits, and options available.
MODEL PART NO. DESCRIPTION
FX-50 909-1051-225 3-50 Watt FM exciter, 120V ac, 50/60 Hz, solid-state with
automatic power control and synthesized frequency control,
rack mount.
FX-50 909-1051-325 3-50 Watt FM exciter, 220V/240V ac, 50/60 Hz, solid-state
with automatic power control and synthesized frequency
control, rack mount.
FX-50E 909-1050-329 3-50 Watt FM exciter, 240V ac, 50 Hz, CE compliant.
Solid-state with automatic power control and synthesized
frequency control, rack mount.
---- 909-0124 Optional Low-Pass Filter.
---- 909-0131 Optional Master Synchronous FM Booster Circuit Board.
---- 909-0132 Optional Slave Synchronous FM Booster Circuit Board.
---- 979-1053 100% Spare Semiconductor Kit.
---- 979-1052 Recommended Spare Semiconductor Kit.
---- 979-1051 Spare Parts Kit.
---- 979-0152 Remote Exciter Kit.
---- 959-0315 Optional FM Notch Filter.
1-7. FX-50 AND FX-50E MODELS.
1-8. The FX-50 and the FX-50E FM exciters are nearly identical in contruction and features
(refer to Figure 1-1). However, the FX-50E meets stringent CE standards for locations
requiring CE certification. Both units contain identical control, metering, and RF ampifier
circuitry. The units both exhibit excellent performance specifications. However, FX-50E
models are equipped with: 1) additional input/output and ac line filtering, 2) a 25-pin D-
type remote interface connector, and 3) only a single rear-panel composite audio input re
ceptacle (unbalanced).
1-1
1-9. PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION.
1-10. The FX-50/E chassis is equipped with slide rails to allow easy access to all assemblies
when the unit is extended from the rack. Removal and installation of assemblies within
the exciter is facilitated by the semimodular mechanical construction. Each assembly is
firmly mounted to the main chassis and electrically connected to the main wiring harness
with plugs and jacks. Front-panel test receptacles allow measurements of the composite
signal without removing the top-cover. On FX-50 units, input and output connections are
routed to a rear-panel terminal strip and several BNC connectors. On FX-50E units, in
put and output connections are routed to a rear-panel 25-pin D-Type connector and sever
al BNC connectors.
1-13. METERING. Exciter operating parameters are monitored by a front-panel digital LCD
multimeter and an LED display. Multimeter functions are identified by large LED indica
tors which illuminate when a function switch is operated. The multimeter can also be op
erated as a high-impedance test meter for internal measurements. In addition, a color
coded moving bar LED display is incorporated to indicate peak modulation percentage in
increments of 5%.
1-14. STATUS DISPLAYS. The FX-50/E exciters are designed with front-panel LEDs to indicate
the status of three main exciter operating potentials, three preset limits, and operating
frequency stabilization. Additional LEDs are incorporated on the AFC/PLL circuit board
assembly to indicate the status of operating potentials and monitor reference oscillator and
modulated oscillator circuit conditions.
1-2
1-15. AUTOMATIC FREQUENCY CONTROL. A temperature compensated reference oscillator
and a dual-speed phase-locked-loop controlling the carrier frequency locks the frequency
of the modulated oscillator to the precision reference frequency oscillator allowing prompt
on-frequency operation of the exciter from a cold start. The FX-50/E will achieve fre
quency lock from a cold start in less than five seconds.
1-16. CONTROL CIRCUIT. The control circuitry provides automatic control of RF output to
maintain a preset power output. In addition, the control circuitry eliminates adjustments
after the initial setup, protects the RF output circuitry from excessive temperatures, high
VSWR conditions, over-voltage conditions, and short circuit conditions.
1-17. RF AMPLIFIER. The RF amplifier is a broadbanded 3 to 50 watt amplifier covering the en
tire commercial FM broadcast band. Tuning of the amplifier is not required. An optional
low-pass filter can be installed in the exciter to convert the exciter to a low power trans
mitter for connection to an antenna.
PARAMETER SPECIFICATIONS
1-3
TABLE 1-2. FX-50/E EXCITER SPECIFICATIONS
(Sheet 2 of 3)
PARAMETER SPECIFICATIONS
1-4
TABLE 1-1. FX-50/E EXCITER SPECIFICATIONS
(Sheet 3 of 3)
PARAMETER SPECIFICATIONS
1-5
TABLE 1-2. PHYSICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIFICATIONS
PARAMETER SPECIFICATION
PHYSICAL
WEIGHT:
PACKED 46 Pounds (20.8 kg).
UNPACKED 38 Pounds (17.2 kg).
DIMENSIONS:
HEIGHT 5.25 Inches (13.3 cm).
WIDTH 17.70 Inches (44.9 cm).
DEPTH 19.00 Inches (48.3 cm).
ENVIRONMENTAL
AMBIENT OPERATING TEMPERATURE +32°F to +122°F (0°C to +50°C)
Operational to -20°C.
HUMIDITY 95% Maximum, Non-Condensing.
ALTITUDE 0 to 15,000 Feet (4572 m) Above Sea Level.
1-6
SECTION II
INSTALLATION
2-1. INTRODUCTION.
2-2. This section contains information required for installation and preliminary checkout of the
Broadcast Electronics FX-50/E FM Exciters.
2-3. UNPACKING.
2-4. The equipment becomes the property of the customer when the equipment is delivered to
the carrier. Carefully unpack the exciter. Perform a visual inspection to determine that no
apparent damage has been incurred during shipment. All shipping materials should be
retained until it is determined that the unit has not been damaged. Claims for damaged
equipment must be promptly filed with the carrier or the carrier may not accept the claim.
2-5. The contents of the shipment should be as indicated on the packing list. If the contents are
incomplete, or if the unit is damaged electrically or mechanically, notify both the carrier
and Broadcast Electronics, Inc.
2-6. INSTALLATION.
2-7. Each exciter is assembled, operated, tested, and inspected at the factory prior to shipment
and is ready for installation when received. Prior to installation, this publication should be
studied to obtain a thorough understanding of the operation, circuitry, nomenclature, and
installation requirements. Installation is accomplished as follows: 1) Preliminary Installa
tion, 2) Wiring, and 3) Exciter Checkout.
2-8. PRELIMINARY INSTALLATION.
2-9. ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS. Table 1-2 (SECTION I, GENERAL INFORMA
TION) provides physical and environmental conditions which should be considered prior to
FX-50/E installation.
2-10. AC LINE VOLTAGE PROGRAMMING. The FX-50/E exciters are programmed for the
appropriate line voltage when shipped from the factory. The FX-50E can only operate
from a 240V ac supply. Therefore, ensure the line voltage selector is configured to 240V.
2-11. For FX-50 models, the unit can be operated from a 110V or 220V ac supply. Check the ac
line voltage programming as follows:
2-12. Place the exciter on a work surface.
2-13. Remove any packing material from the outside of the exciter.
2-1
2-2
597-1050-66
FIGURE 2-1. FX-50/E REAR-PANEL CONNECTIONS (SHEET 1 OF 2)
597-1050-67
COPYRIGHT 1990 BROADCAST ELECTRONICS, INC
2-3
2-14. Refer to Figure 2-1 and ensure the appropriate primary ac line voltage is visible on the AC
LINE VOLTAGE SELECTOR circuit board (115/120V or 230/240V). The following text
presents the ac line voltage programming:
LINE VOLTAGE VOLTAGE SELECTOR PROGRAMMING
97-115V 100V
115-133V 120V
194-230V 220V
230-266V 240V
2-15. If an alternate ac line voltage is required, remove the AC LINE VOLTAGE SELECTOR
circuit board with a small pair of needle nose pliers. Re-insert the circuit board so that the
correct ac line voltage is visible when the circuit board is inserted into the receptacle.
2-16. Ensure the line fuse and spare fuse are both slow-blow types and rated at 3.0 amperes for
the 100 to 120 volt range or 1.5 ampere for the 220 to 240 volt range.
2-17. PLACEMENT. The FX-50/E exciters may be installed in any convenient location in a 19
inch (48.3 cm) rack within reach of signal and power cables. The exciter should not be in
stalled directly above or below heat generating equipment, otherwise no special require
ments need be observed.
2-18. SLIDE-RAIL INSTALLATION AND TRANSMITTER MOUNTING. The FX-50/E is designed
to be mounted in a rack using slide rails. To install the slide rails, proceed as follows:
A. Locate the slide rail mounting brackets and the movable portion of each slide rail
in the accessory kit.
B. Refer to Figure 7-6, SECTION VII, DRAWINGS and secure the slide rail mounting
brackets to the respective side of the rack cabinet with the hardware supplied.
C. Secure the movable portion of the slide rail to the mounting brackets with the
hardware supplied.
D. After the slide rails are mounted, lift the exciter onto the rails over the slide stops
and push the exciter into the rack.
2-19. OPERATING FUNCTION PROGRAMMING. The FX-50/E exciters are equipped with
several programmable operating functions. Refer to the following text and program the
operating functions as desired.
2-20. Pull the exciter forward until the slide rail stops are encountered.
2-21. Loosen the eight turn-lock fasteners on the top of the exciter and remove the top cover.
2-22. Remove any packing material from the inside of the exciter.
2-23. Refer to Figure 2-2 and ensure AUTO-PWR-MAN switch S1 and NORM-EXT switch S2
on the power supply/control circuit board assembly are operated to AUTO and to NORM
respectively.
2-24. POS-MUTE-NEG switch S3 on the power supply/control circuit board is provided to se
lect the RF mute input logic polarity (refer to Figure 2-2). S3 must be in the POS position
when the FX-50/E is operated with a Broadcast Electronics transmitter or as a stand-
alone unit. Switch S3 is factory operated to the POS position prior to shipping.
2-4
COPYRIGHT 1990 BROADCAST ELECTRONICS, INC
597-1050-9
FIGURE 2-2. FX-50/E COMPONENT LOCATION DIAGRAM
2-25. Refer to the final test data sheets shipped with the exciter and ensure the 3 SYNTHE
SIZER FREQUENCY SELECTION switches on the AFC/PLL assembly are correctly
positioned.
2-26. Refer to Figure 2-2 and remove the two shipping screws which secure the modulated oscil
lator assembly to operate the shock mounts.
2-27. Replace the top cover on the exciter and secure the eight turn-lock fasteners on the top of
the cover.
2-28. GAIN SELECTION. The gain of the balanced monophonic audio processing circuit on the
AFC/PLL circuit board is selectable for input levels ranging from 0.0 dB to +10 dB. The
FX-50/E is shipped from the factory for an input level of +10 dB. If an alternate level is
required, refer to Figure 2-3 and connect the appropriate resistor between terminals E1
and E2 as determined by the following information.
2-5
INPUT LEVEL RESISTOR VALUE
2-29. WIRING.
2-30. RF OUTPUT. Refer to Figure 2-1 and connect a coaxial cable (located in the accessory kit)
between the RF OUTPUT connector on the exciter rear-panel and a 50 Ohm RF load ca
pable of dissipating the output of the exciter.
597-1050-17
FIGURE 2-3. AFC/PLL CIRCUIT BOARD GAIN CONNECTIONS
2-6
WARNING ENSURE THE EXCITER CASE IS CONNECTED TO
EARTH GROUND.
WARNING
2-31. GROUND. Ensure a ground wire is connected from terminal 4 of the exciter rear-panel
terminal board to earth ground.
2-32. REMOTE CONTROL. The FX-50/E exciters are designed for remote control operation (re
fer to Figure 2-1). The exciter will interface with almost any remote control unit or panel.
The following text presents a description of the remote control and indicator functions.
2-33. Automatic Frequency Control Relay. An Automatic-Frequency-Control relay is provided
to control equipment connected external to the unit. When the FX-50/E is installed as an
exciter in a transmitter system, the relay is used for the connection of an interlock to dis
able the transmitter RF power supply. When the FX-50/E is operating as an independent
unit, the relay can be used to control an external alarm. The relay contacts are rated at
125V @ .5 Amps and are located at J2-1, J2-2, and J2-3 on FX-50 units and J1-1, J1-2,
and J1-3 on FX-50E units. When the AFC circuit is locked, the relay is closed. When the
AFC circuit unlocks, the relay will open.
2-34. Automatic Frequency Control Indicator. The automatic frequency control indicator pro
vides a signal to indicate when the transmitter AFC circuit is locked. The AFC indicator is
located at J2-5 on FX-50 units and J1-5 on FX-50E units. The indicator will be open
when the AFC circuit is unlocked.
2-35. +20 Or Ext. The +20/EXT terminal functions as a +20V supply or an analog RF control in
put port. When S2 on the power supply/control board is operated to NORM, the terminal
operates as a +20V supply. When S2 is operated to EXT, the terminal operates as an ana
log RF control input port. The control range is from 0-6 V dc. If desired, control the trans
mitter RF output power by: 1) constructing a remote power control circuit to output a spe
cific DC voltage to select a transmitter power level, 2) operating switch S2 to EXT, and 3)
connecting the remote power supply circuit to J2-6 on FX-50 units and J1-6 on FX-50E
units.
2-36. RF Mute. The FX-50/E is equipped with an RF mute control input. Switch S3 on the pow
er supply/control circuit board is provided to select the RF mute input logic polarity. When
S3 is operated to POS, a +0V signal is required to mute the transmitter output. When S3
is operated to NEG, a greater than +5V signal is required to mute the transmitter output.
To mute the transmitter, proceed as follows:
1. Refer to Figure 2-1 and remove the jumper between J2-6 and J2-7 on FX-50 units
and J1-6 and J1-7 on FX-50E units.
2. Operate switch S3 on the power supply/control circuit board to POS.
3. Connect a normally closed switch between J2-6 and J2-7 on FX-50 units and
J1-6 and J1-7 on FX-50E units.
2-37. Over-Temperature Indicator. Both the FX-50 and FX-50E are equipped with an over-
temperature indicator. The indicator will output a HIGH (+18V dc) when the RF amplifier
heat-sink temperature exceeds approximately 65°C. Refer to Figure 2-1 and connect the
wiring to J2-8 on FX-50 units and J1-8 on FX-50E units.
2-38. Remote RF Power Metering. The FX-50/E units are equipped with remote reflected/for
ward power meter indications. The forward power meter indication will provide a 11.5
VDC signal at 50W. The reflected power meter indication will provide a 2.0 VDC signal at
4W. Connect the remote metering to J2-9/J2-10 on FX-50 units and J1-9/J1-10 on
FX-50E units.
2-39. Remote Power Control Option. A down remote power control option is provided at J2-12
on FX-50 units and J1-12 on FX-50E units. An up remote power control option is pro
vided at J2-11 on FX-50 units and J1-11 on FX-50E units. The option will be available at
a future date.
2-7
2-40. MONOPHONIC AUDIO CONNECTIONS. The FX-50/E units are equipped with a bal
anced 600 ohm monophonic audio input (refer to Figure 2-1). The input is designed to ac
cept a +10 dBm signal at 600 Ohms. Connect audio to the transmitter as follows:
2-43. The BAL input is ac coupled at the input and equipped with common mode rejection cir
cuitry. Therefore, the BAL input must be used if ground loops and hum are present be
tween the exciter and composite source.
2-44. CONNECTION OF SCA SIGNAL SOURCES. SCA unbalanced input receptacles SUB-1,
SUB-2, and SUB-3 are provided on the rear-panel. Each input is ac coupled and accepts
frequencies from 40 kHz to 100 kHz. An input of 3.5V P-P (1.24 VRMS) will modulate the
FM carrier 10% at ±7.5 kHz. A coaxial cable is provided in the accessory kit for the connec
tions of a composite stereo or SCA signal to the transmitter.
2-45. If the unit is equipped with the FM synchronous booster system, rear-panel receptacle
SUB-1 is used as the input/output connection for a reference frequency.
2-46. When using an SCA input, the output level of the source must be adjusted to obtain the
desired peak modulation as indicated by the modulation display (14.5% range). Each input
is also compatible with any SCA generator using a dc coupled input for the transmission of
data.
2-47. SYNCHRONOUS FM BOOSTER OPTION. The transmitter can be equipped with a syn
chronous FM booster system option. The option consists of a: 1) master configuration and
2) slave configuration. The FM booster system configures a slave booster to be locked to
the frequency of the master booster. Typically, the master/slave booster options are
installed at the factory. If the synchronous FM booster option is to be installed in the field,
installation and operating information is provided in the SYNCHRONOUS FM BOOSTER
SYSTEM section of this manual. Refer to the SYNCHRONOUS FM BOOSTER SYSTEM
section of this manual and perform the installation procedures as required.
2-48. Refer to Figure 2-1 and connect the external signal inputs and remote control wiring as
required. A second coaxial cable is provided to connect an SCA or composite input to the
exciter.
2-8
2-49. EXCITER CHECKOUT.
2-50. Before proceeding, check the following:
A. Ensure all connections are secure.
B. Ensure primary power is properly programmed.
C. Ensure the chassis ground connection is secure.
D. Ensure all signal inputs are secure.
2-51. Connect the exciter to an appropriate power source with the power cord provided. The fol
lowing events will occur.
A. The fan will begin to operate.
B. The +20V, -20V, and +5V status indicators will illuminate. After approximately 5
seconds, the LOCK status indicator will illuminate.
C. The multimeter WATTS and FWD indicators will illuminate.
D. The multimeter will indicate approximately 5 watts.
2-52. Depress the multimeter AFC switch.
A. The multimeter VOLTS and AFC indicators will illuminate.
B. The multimeter will indicate a potential within the range of +2.0 volts to +9.0 volts,
dependent upon carrier frequency. Refer to the final test data sheets for the correct
voltage indication.
2-53. Depress the multimeter PAV switch.
A. The multimeter VOLTS and PAV indicators will illuminate.
B. The multimeter will indicate a potential within the range of +5.0 volts to +7.0 volts
(assuming an RF output power of 5 Watts).
2-54. Depress the multimeter PAI switch.
A. The multimeter AMPS and PAI indicators will illuminate.
B. The multimeter will indicate approximately 1.0 amperes (assuming an RF output
power of 5 Watts).
2-55. Depress the multimeter FWD switch.
A. Extend the exciter forward on the slide rails to expose the R.F. POWER OUTPUT
ADJ. control access hole in the left side of the top cover.
B. Using an insulated adjustment tool, adjust the exciter output power to the level
required by the transmitter.
2-9
WARNING DISCONNECT EXCITER PRIMARY POWER BEFORE
PROCEEDING.
WARNING
2-57. Disconnect the RF load and connect the exciter output to the transmitter RF input connec
tor.
2-60. Remove the exciter top-panel. Refer to Figure 2-4 and secure the low-pass filter to the
inside rear-panel with the hardware supplied.
2-61. Remove the coaxial cable from the RF OUTPUT receptacle and connect to filter input re
ceptacle J1. Connect the short coaxial cable (supplied) between filter receptacle J2 and the
RF OUTPUT receptacle. When installation is complete, replace the exciter top-panel.
2-10
TABLE 2-1. REMOTE FX-50/E EXCITER CONNECTIONS
2-11
SECTION III
OPERATION
3-1. INTRODUCTION.
3-2. This section identifies all controls and indicators associated with the FX-50/E FM Exciters
and provides standard operating procedures.
3-5. OPERATION.
3-1
Table 3-1. FX-50/E CONTROL AND INDICATORS
(Sheet 1 of 2)
3-2
Table 3-1. FX-50/E CONTROL AND INDICATORS
(Sheet 2 of 2)
3-3
3-4
597-1050-3
4-1. INTRODUCTION.
4-2. This section presents overall theory of operation for the FX-50/E FM Exciters.
4-3. For the purpose of definition, the FX-50/E Exciter is divided into functional subassemblies
in the following text. A detailed description of each subassembly is presented in Part II of
this manual. A block diagram of the FX-50/E FM Exciter is presented in Figure 4-1.
4-1
4-14. Automatic protection of the RF devices from excessive voltage is provided by an MOV and
crowbar circuit, and short circuit protection is provided by foldback current limiting and a
fuse. If an over-current condition exists, a front-panel RF indicator will illuminate.
4-2
597-1050-4
COPYRIGHT 1990 BROADCAST ELECTRONICS, INC
FIGURE 4-1.
FX-50/E OVERALL SIMPLIFIED SCHEMATIC
(4-3/4-4)
4-27. RF AMPLIFIER ASSEMBLY.
4-28. The RF amplifier assembly consists of three stages of amplification designed to increase
the 2 milliwatt RF input signal from the modulated oscillator to an adjustable RF power
level of 3 to 50 watts as required to drive an associated transmitter.
4-29. The first stage employs a broadband thick-film hybrid amplifier which provides a satu
rated output of approximately one watt to the input of the driver stage. The driver pro
vides 8 watts of RF to the power amplifier which outputs an adjustable RF level of 3 to 50
watts.
4-30. A microstrip directional coupler on the RF amplifier printed circuit board supplies informa
tion to the exciter control circuitry to automatically maintain RF power output and provide
protection during high VSWR operating conditions.
4-31. The RF amplifier transistors are mounted on a large heat sink positioned in the direct air
flow from a cooling fan. Heat sink temperature is monitored by the control circuitry. If an
over-temperature condition exists, the control circuit will automatically reduce RF power
to maintain safe operation of the RF devices.
4-32. The broadband characteristics of the amplifier eliminates the necessity for adjustments for
any frequency within the FM band, assures that the exciter output is transparent to the
signal generated by the modulated oscillator, and enhances amplifier stability under vary
ing load conditions.
4-5
SECTION V
MAINTENANCE
5-1. INTRODUCTION.
5-2. This section provides general maintenance information, electrical adjustment procedures,
and troubleshooting information for the FX-50/E FM Exciters.
5-1
5-2
MULTIMETER MULTIMETER
SWITCH INDICATION
POSITION
TEST
+20 V +19 to +21 V dc
-20 V -19 to -21 V dc
+5 V +4.8 to +5.2 V dc
AFC +2.0 to +9.0 V dc, dependent upon RF carrier frequency
PAV RF
POWER 88.1 MHz 98.1 MHz 108.1 MHz
5 Watts +5.5 V dc +6.0 V dc +5.7 V dc
10 Watts +7.8 V dc +8.9 V dc +8.5 V dc
20 Watts +10.7 V dc +12.1 V dc +11.8 V dc
30 Watts +13.4 V dc +15.0 V dc +14.8 V dc
50 Watts +18.9 V dc +20.3 V dc +20.6 V dc
PAI RF
POWER 88.1 MHz 98.1 MHz 108.1 MHz
5 Watts 1.10 Ampere 0.97 Ampere 1.00 Ampere
10 Watts 1.59 Ampere 1.40 Ampere 1.39 Ampere
20 Watts 2.20 Ampere 1.92 Ampere 1.88 Ampere
30 Watts 2.77 Ampere 2.40 Ampere 2.34 Ampere
50 Watts 3.87 Ampere 3.30 Ampere 3.27 Ampere
FWD 3 to 50 Watts
RFL Less than 2 Watts
5-3
5-18. COMPONENT REPLACEMENT. The circuit boards used in the FX-50/E exciers are dou
ble-sided boards with plated-through holes. Because of the plated-through holes, solder
fills the holes by capillary action. These conditions require that defective components be
removed carefully to avoid damage to the board.
5-19. On all circuit boards, the adhesion between the copper trace and the circuit board fails at
almost the same temperature as solder melts. A circuit board trace can be destroyed by
excessive heat or lateral movement during soldering. Use of a small iron with steady pres
sure is required for circuit board repairs.
5-20. To remove a soldered component from a circuit board, cut the leads from the body of the
defective component while the device is still soldered to the board. Grip each component
lead with long nose pliers. Touch the soldering iron to the lead at the solder connection on
the circuit side of the board. When the solder begins to melt, push the lead through the
back side of the board and cut off the clinched end of the lead. Each lead may now be
heated independently and pulled out of each hole. The holes may be cleared of solder by
carefully re-heating with a low wattage iron and removing the residual solder with a sol
dering vacuum tool.
5-21. Install the new component and apply solder from the circuit side of the board. If no dam
age has been incurred to the plated-through holes, soldering of the component side will not
be required.
5-5
5-22. After soldering, remove residual flux with a suitable solvent. Rubbing alcohol is highly di
luted and is not effective.
5-23. The board should be checked to ensure the flux has been removed. Rosin flux is not nor
mally corrosive; however, the flux will absorb enough moisture in time to become conduc
tive and cause problems.
5-24. INTEGRATED CIRCUITS. Special care should be exercised with integrated circuits. Each
integrated circuit must be installed by matching the integrated circuit notch with the
notch on the socket. Do not attempt to remove an integrated circuit from a socket with
your fingers. Use an integrated circuit puller to lightly pry the component from the socket.
5-25. EXCITER PREPARATION FOR SHIPMENT.
5-26. If the exciter is removed from service to be shipped to another location, ensure the follow
ing steps are accomplished prior to shipping:
A. Secure the modulated oscillator assembly in place with two 6-32 X 3/4 inch
(1.27 cm) screws in the tapped holes provided.
B. Ensure the top-cover is secured to the exciter.
C. Pack the exciter in a carton, allowing 2 inches (5.08 cm) minimum of packing
material all around the exciter.
D. Provide adequate insurance coverage.
5-6
6-1. INTRODUCTION.
6-2. This section provides descriptions and part numbers of electrical components, assemblies,
and selected mechanical parts required for maintenance of the Broadcast Electronics
FX-50/E FM Exciter. Each table entry in this section is indexed by reference designators
appearing on the applicable schematic diagram.
6-3. Parts associated with modular assemblies are listed in Part II of this manual.
6-1
TABLE 6-2. FX-50 FINAL ASSEMBLY - 909-1051-225, 909-1051-325
120V 50/60 Hz
F1,SPARE Fuse, 3AG, 3 Amperes, 125V, Slow-Blow 334-0300 2
---- AC Line Cord, N.E.M.A. 3-Wire North American Plug 682-0001 1
220V 50/60 Hz
F1,SPARE Fuse, 3AG, 1.5 Ampere, Slow-Blow 334-0150 2
---- AC Line Cord, CEE 7/7 3-Wire European Plug 682-0003 1
6-2
TABLE 6-3. FX-50E FINAL ASSEMBLY - 909-1050-329
(Sheet 2 of 2)
6-3
TABLE 6-4. FX-50 RFI FILTER CIRCUIT BOARD ASSEMBLY - 919-0445
(Sheet 2 of 2)
6-4
TABLE 6-5. FX-50E RFI FILTER CIRCUIT BOARD ASSEMBLY - 919-0445-309
(Sheet 2 of 2)
6-5
TABLE 6-8. ASSEMBLY, FUSE HOLDER - 959-0447-001
6-6
TABLE 6-13. RF LOW-PASS FILTER ASSEMBLY - 955-0051
6-7
SECTION VII
DRAWINGS
7-1. INTRODUCTION.
7-2. This section provides assembly drawings, schematic diagrams, and wire lists as indexed
below for the FX-50 FM Exciter.
7-1
COPYRIGHT 1990 BROADCAST ELECTRONICS, INC
597-1050-6
597-1050-66
FIGURE 7-10. RF LOW-PASS FILTER SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM - A909-0036
COPYRIGHT 1990 BROADCAST ELECTRONICS, INC
48 NOT USED
TABLE 7–1. FX–50/E WIRING HARNESS LIST
(Sheet 3 of 4)
WIRE NO. FROM TO FUNCTION
A-1. INTRODUCTION.
A-2. This appendix lists technical data applicable to the operation and maintenance of the
FX-50 FM Exciter. Information contained in this section is listed in the following order:
1. Integrated Circuit pin identification diagrams.
A-1
COPYRIGHT 1990 BROADCAST ELECTRONICS, INC
597-1050-28A
COPYRIGHT 1990 BROADCAST ELECTRONICS, INC
597-1050-28B
COPYRIGHT 1990 BROADCAST ELECTRONICS, INC
597-1050-28C
COPYRIGHT 1990 BROADCAST ELECTRONICS, INC
597-1050-28D
COPYRIGHT 1990 BROADCAST ELECTRONICS, INC
597-1050-28E
POWER SUPPLY/CONTROL CIRCUITS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION IV MAINTENANCE
4-1 Introduction 10
4-3 Maintenance 10
4-4 Electrical Adjustments 10
4-5 Required Equipment 10
4-6 FWD Cal (R5) and RFL CAL (R9) 10
4-8 TEMP CAL (R25) 13
4-10 TEMP TRIP (R27) 14
4-12 Troubleshooting 14
SECTION V DRAWINGS
5-1 Introduction 17
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
FIGURE NO. DESCRIPTION PAGE NO.
3-1 Control Circuitry Simplified Schematic 5
3-2 Power Supply Simplified Schematic Diagram 9
4-1 Power Supply/Control Circuit Board Controls 11
4-2 Parallel Load Connection 12
4-3 No PA Voltage to the RF Amplifier 16
SECTION I
GENERAL INFORMATION
1-1. INTRODUCTION.
1-2. This section provides general information and specifications relative to the operation of the
power supply/control circuit board.
1-3. DESCRIPTION.
1-4. The control circuitry on the power supply/control circuit board regulates the operation of
the RF amplifier within preset limits depending on the forward power output, reflected
power output, PA voltage and current, and RF amplifier assembly temperature. The cir
cuit board is designed with over temperature, over voltage, and short circuit protection cir
cuits, and a VSWR foldback circuit.
1-5. The power supply circuitry provides regulated dc potentials of +20V, -20V, and +5V re
quired by all the exciter circuit boards. An unregulated +30V dc potential is also provided
by the power supply. Each power supply is full-wave rectified, filtered, and electronically
regulated to assure stable equipment operation.
-1 -
TABLE 1-1. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
PARAMETER SPECIFICATION
INPUTS
AC POWER REQUIREMENTS
FX-50 97 to 133V ac or 194 to 266V ac, 50/60 Hz,
230W Maximum.
FX-50E 240V Nominal ac, 50/60 Hz, 230W Maximum.
RF MUTE FROM TRANSMITTER
NEG POS LOGIC SWITCH POSITION
POSITIVE 0V = RF mute.
+5V = RF enable.
NEGATIVE +5V or High Impedance = RF mute.
0V = RF enable.
EXTERNAL RF POWER CONTROL Positive potential, varies with adjustment of
PWR SET control R52. Nominally 0-6V DC with
R52 fully CW for 3-50W.
OUTPUTS
FWD POWER +11.45V at 10 K Ohm for 50W RF.
RFL POWER Approximately +1V at 10K Ohm for 2W RF.
TEMP OL DRIVE +18V at 5 mA, Maximum.
PA VOLTAGE Approximately +20.8V at 3.25 Amperes for
50W RF.
-2 -
SECTION II
REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION
2-1. INTRODUCTION.
2-2. This section provides removal and installation procedures for the power supply/control cir
cuit board.
-3 -
SECTION III
THEORY OF OPERATION
3-1. INTRODUCTION.
3-2. This section presents the theory of operation for the exciter power supply/control circuit
board.
-4 -
COPYRIGHT 1990 BROADCAST ELECTRONICS, INC
597-1050-10
FIGURE 3-1.
CONTROL CIRCUITRY SIMPLIFIED SCHEMATIC
DIAGRAM
-5-/-6-
3-12. Output from U1B is also routed to the inverting input of voltage regulator U4 through S1
and D1, and the non-inverting input of U2A which operates as a comparator circuit. If the
reflected power level at U2A non-inverting input exceeds the reference potential at the
inverting input, U2A will output a HIGH to illuminate VSWR indicator DS7.
3-13. TEMPERATURE SENSE CIRCUIT. The temperature sense circuit provides automatic RF
power reduction if the RF amplifier assembly temperature exceeds a preset level. This cir
cuit consists of temperature sensor U401, TEMP CAL control R25, over temperature com
parator U3A, TEMP TRIP control R27, diode D3, temperature indicator driver U2B, and
TEMP indicator DS8.
3-14. The output of U401 on the RF amplifier regulator assembly is calibrated by R25 and ap
plied to the inverting input of U3A. As the temperature increases, the output level of U1
increases. If this potential exceeds a threshold level established by R27, the output of U3A
will be reduced and applied to the non-inverting input of U4 through D3. U4 will reduce
the RF power output to stabilize the temperature.
3-15. The output of U3A is also routed to the inverting input of U2B which operates as a com
parator circuit. If this level decreases below the reference potential at U2B, U2B will out
put a HIGH to illuminate TEMP indicator DS8. This HIGH is also routed to the rear-
panel barrier strip.
3-16. OPEN FUSE DETECTOR CIRCUIT. This circuit provides a visual indication of an RF am
plifier malfunction. If the PA transistor current is excessive, fuse F1 will open to bias tran
sistor switch Q5 ON which outputs a HIGH to illuminate RF indicator DS6. In addition,
Q5 applies a HIGH to mute switch Q2 to enable the mute circuit.
3-17. POWER CONTROL CIRCUIT. The power control circuit provides automatic power control,
over voltage protection, and short circuit protection for the RF power transistor. This cir
cuit consists of voltage regulator U4, PWR SET control R52, NORM/EXT switch S2, di
odes D5, D6, and D7, resistors R47, R48, and R62/R63, and pass transistors Q401 and
Q402.
3-18. Pass Transistors. Parallel pass transistors Q401 and Q402 operate as an emitter follower
circuit. Voltage regulation is provided by a control voltage from U4. The regulated voltage
at the emitter is routed to the PA transistor through meter resistors R62/R63. Zener diode
D5 will limit the control voltage to 27 volts if voltage regulator U4 fails.
3-19. Further protection is provided by a crowbar circuit consisting of zener diode D6 and SCR
D7. If Q401 and/or Q402 short circuits and the output voltage exceeds 27V, D6 will apply
gate voltage to D7 which conducts to open fuse F1.
3-20. Voltages sampled across meter resistors R62/R63 are routed to the metering circuit board
for display. These potentials are also applied to the current limit (CL) and current sense
(CS) inputs of U4 to automatically control the PA current.
3-21. Power Set Control Operation. With NORM/EXT switch S2 in the normal position: 1)
+20V is routed to the rear-panel barrier strip, and 2) PWR SET control R52 is connected
between the VREF output and non-inverting input of U4. As R52 is adjusted, U4 output
will increase or decrease the PA output power.
3-22. With the NORM/EXT switch in the external position, a reference voltage can be applied to
PWR SET control R52 through the rear-panel external power level control connection to
control power externally.
3-23. Automatic Power Control Operation. With AUTO/MAN switch S1 in the automatic posi
tion, the outputs of U1A and U1B are connected to the inverting input of regulator U4.
Resistors R47 and R48 establish the gain for U4. The forward voltage sample from U1A
will increase or decrease the output of regulator U4 to maintain constant RF output power.
-7 -
3-24. Proportional VSWR foldback is provided by diode D1. If the reflected voltage sample at
U1B output exceeds the output of U1A, reflected power will be added to the forward power
input of U4 through D1. U4 will reduce the RF output power until VSWR is normal.
3-25. With the AUTO/MAN switch in the manual position, only the reflected voltage sample at
U1B is connected to the input of U4 through D2 to provide proportional VSWR foldback.
In addition, resistor R47 is shunted to decrease the gain of U4.
3-29. +5 VOLT SUPPLY. The 9.0 volt ac potential is routed to a full-wave rectifier and filter net
work and applied to voltage regulator U5. Resistors R75 and R76 adjust the output of U5
for a regulated +5 volt dc potential. The supply is applied to the AFC/PLL circuit board
and metering circuit board.
3-30. -20 VOLT SUPPLY. The 22.5 volt ac potential is routed to a full-wave rectifier and filter
network and applied to voltage regulator U6. Resistors R77 and R78 adjust the output of
U6 for a regulated -20 volt dc potential. The supply is applied to the AFC/PLL circuit
board and metering circuit board.
3-31. +20 VOLT SUPPLY. The 25.0 volt ac potential is routed to a full-wave rectifier and filter
network and applied to voltage regulator U402 on the RF amplifier regulator assembly.
Resistor R79 and diode D20 adjust the output of U1 for a regulated +20 volt dc potential.
The +20 volt potential is distributed to the AFC/PLL circuit board, metering circuit board,
and power supply/control circuit board.
3-32. In addition, the power supply provides a +30 volt unregulated potential for input to pass
transistors Q1 and Q2 on the RF amplifier assembly.
-8 -
-9 -
4-1. INTRODUCTION.
4-2. This section provides maintenance information, electrical adjustment procedures and
troubleshooting information for the power supply/control circuit board.
4-3. MAINTENANCE.
4-4. ELECTRICAL ADJUSTMENTS.
4-5. REQUIRED EQUIPMENT. The following tools and equipment are required for electrical
adjustment procedures.
A. Insulated adjustment tool, shipped with the exciter (P/N 407-0083).
B. Non-inductive, 100 watt, 50 Ohm test load.
C. Adapter, BNC jack-to-jack N plug, for test load (P/N 417-3288).
D. Adapter, BNC jack-to-jack N plug, for test load (P/N 417-3841).
E. Coaxial Accessory Cable, BNC connectors, shipped with exciter (P/N 949-0017-2).
F. Calibrated 50 Ohm in-line wattmeter.
G. Digital voltmeter, Fluke 75 or equivalent.
H. Temperature probe, Fluke 80T-150 or equivalent.
4-6. FWD CAL (R5) AND RFL CAL (R9). FWD CAL control R5 and RFL CAL control R9 on
the power supply/control circuit board must be adjusted in proper sequence. Potentiome
ters R5 and R9 are adjusted as follows.
4-7. Procedure. To adjust controls R5 and R9, proceed as follows:
A. Apply primary power and record the front-panel FWD meter indication
.
-10 -
WARNING: DISCONNECT PRIMARY POWER PRIOR TO SERVICING
COPYRIGHT 1990 BROADCAST ELECTRONICS, INC
597-1050-64
FIGURE 4-1. POWER SUPPLY/CONTROL CIRCUIT BOARD CONTROLS
F. Refer to Figure 4-1 and adjust PWR SET control R52 for a 40 watt output power
indication on the external meter.
G. Refer to Figure 4-1 and adjust FWD CAL control R5 for 40 watts as indicated on
the front-panel FWD meter.
H. Remove the external wattmeter. Refer to Figure 4-2 and connect two 100 watt,
50 Ohm test loads (in parallel) to the RF OUTPUT receptacle as shown.
I. Depress the FWD meter function switch and record the meter indication
.
J. Depress the RFL meter function switch. Refer to Figure 4-1 and adjust RFL CAL
control R9 until the meter indicates 11% of the value recorded in step I.
K. Repeat steps I and J as required until the 11% rate is established.
-11 -
WARNING: DISCONNECT PRIMARY POWER PRIOR TO SERVICING
WARNING: DISCONNECT PRIMARY POWER PRIOR TO SERVICING
-12 -
M. Refer to Figure 4-1 and adjust PWR SET control R52 until the meter indicates the
value recorded in step A.
G. Refer to Figure 4-1 and adjust TEMP CAL control R25 until the voltmeter indi-
cates the value recorded in step D.
EXAMPLE: 25°C +273 = 298 = 2.98V
100 100
-13 -
WARNING: DISCONNECT PRIMARY POWER PRIOR TO SERVICING
WARNING DISCONNECT THE PRIMARY POWER TO THE EX
CITER BEFORE PROCEEDING.
WARNING
4-10. TEMP TRIP (R27). TEMP TRIP control R27 on the power supply/control circuit board ad
justs the threshold of the over temperature circuit. Potentiometer R27 is adjusted as fol
lows.
4-11. Procedure. To adjust control R27, proceed as follows:
D. Refer to Figure 4-1 and adjust R27 until the voltmeter indicates +3.65V dc.
4-12. TROUBLESHOOTING.
4-13. The troubleshooting philosophy for the power supply/control circuit board consists of isolat
ing a problem to a specific circuit. The problem may be further isolated by referencing the
following information and Figure 4-3 which presents troubleshooting information.
-14 -
WARNING: DISCONNECT PRIMARY POWER PRIOR TO SERVICING
WARNING DISCONNECT PRIMARY POWER FROM THE EXCITER
BEFORE REMOVING OR REPLACING ANY COMPO
WARNING NENTS.
4-14. After the problem is isolated and power is totally deenergized, refer to the schematic dia
grams and the theory of operation to facilitate in problem resolution. The defective cir
cuitry may be repaired locally or the circuit board may be returned to Broadcast Electron
ics, Inc. for repair or replacement.
-15 -
WARNING: DISCONNECT PRIMARY POWER PRIOR TO SERVICING
WARNING: DISCONNECT PRIMARY POWER PRIOR TO SERVICING
-16 -
597-1050-65
FIGURE 4-3. NO PA VOLTAGE TO THE RF AMPLIFIER
SECTION V
DRAWINGS
5-1. INTRODUCTION.
5-2. This section provides assembly drawings, wiring diagrams, and schematic diagrams as
listed below for the power supply/control circuit board.
-17 -
SECTION VI
REPLACEMENT PARTS
6-1. INTRODUCTION.
6-2. This section provides replacement parts lists for the FX-50/E power supply/control circuit
board as indexed below. Chassis mounted components of the power supply are listed as
parts of the exciter basic assembly located in PART I of this manual.
-18 -
TABLE 6-1. POWER SUPPLY/CONTROL CIRCUIT BOARD ASSEMBLY - 919-0107
(Sheet 2 of 4)
-19 -
TABLE 6-1. POWER SUPPLY/CONTROL CIRCUIT BOARD ASSEMBLY - 919-0107
(Sheet 3 of 4)
-20 -
TABLE 6-1. POWER SUPPLY/CONTROL CIRCUIT BOARD ASSEMBLY - 919-0107
(Sheet 4 of 4)
-21 -
METERING CIRCUIT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION IV MAINTENANCE
4-1 Introduction 10
4-3 Maintenance 10
4-4 Electrical Adjustments 10
4-5 Required Equipment 10
4-6 Meter Calibrate Control (R56) 10
4-8 Display Calibrate (R41) and X10 Calibrate 11
(R28) Controls
4-10 Troubleshooting 12
SECTION V DRAWINGS
5-1 Introduction 14
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
FIGURE NO. DESCRIPTION PAGE NO.
2-1 Metering Circuit Board Removal and Installation 3
Diagram
3-1 Simplified Schematic 7
4-1 Metering Circuit Board Controls and Test Points 11
SECTION I
GENERAL INFORMATION
1-1. INTRODUCTION.
1-2. This section provides general information and specifications relative to operation of the
exciter metering circuit board.
1-3. DESCRIPTION.
1-4. The metering circuit board is equipped with LED status indicators for the +5 volt, +20 volt,
-20 volt, TEMP, VSWR, RF, and LOCK operating parameters. Modulation percentage from
5% to 145% is indicated by a color coded moving bar LED display with an automatic rang
ing amplifier to convert the meter full scale indication to 14.5%.
1-5. The metering circuit board also includes a multimeter circuit with an LCD display for
measuring five steady-state operating parameters. In addition, the multimeter can be
converted into a high-impedance dc voltmeter for troubleshooting purposes.
-1 -
SECTION II
REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION
2-1. INTRODUCTION.
2-2. This section provides removal and installation procedures for the FX-50/E metering circuit
board assembly.
2-6. PROCEDURE. The removal of the metering circuit board assembly requires the exciter be
placed on a suitable work surface. To remove the metering circuit board assembly, refer to
Figure 2-1 and proceed as follows:
-2 -
-3 -
597-1050-12
-4 -
SECTION III
THEORY OF OPERATION
3-1. INTRODUCTION.
3-2. This section presents the theory of operation for the FX-50/E metering circuit board.
-5 -
3-13. A/D converter/display driver U7 also routes information to a decimal point locator logic cir
cuit consisting of U13B, U13C, and U13D. With information from U11 and U7, this circuit
will position the decimal point within the displayed value.
3-14. Test point TP2 is employed to determine the condition of the LCD display. When +5 volts
is applied to TP2, U7 will activate all segment control lines which illuminates all DS12 dis
play segments.
3-15. Meter calibration control R56 is provided to adjust the multimeter for an accurate indica
tion in the test meter mode of operation.
3-16. PAV METER OPERATION. When the PA voltage function is selected, input switch U6B
will operate and route a sample voltage to the input of A/D converter/display driver U7.
3-17. PAI METER OPERATION. The PAI meter circuit utilizes two voltage-to-current converter
circuits. The first consists of integrated circuit U5B, current amplifier Q2, resistors R6,
R7, and meter shunt R62/R63 (located on the power/supply control circuit board).
3-18. When PA current flows, a voltage is developed across R62/R63 and routed to the input of
U5B through R6. The output of U5B is routed to amplifier Q2 which applies feedback to
the inverting input of U5B to maintain circuit stabilization. The amplified current through
Q2 will develop a voltage across R7 in proportion to the collector current for application to
a second converter.
3-19. The second converter consists of integrated circuit U5A, current amplifier Q3, resistors R8,
R47, and input switch U6C. The operation of this circuit is similar to the previous circuit
with the following exception. The voltage developed across Q3 collector resistor R47 is
routed to the A/D converter/display driver through input switch U6C.
3-20. AFC METER OPERATION. When the AFC voltage meter function is selected, input switch
U6D will operate and route a sample voltage to the input of A/D converter/display driver
U7.
3-21. TEST METER OPERATION. When the test meter function is selected, input switch U3C will
operate and route test probe potentials to the input of U7 through buffer U4B.
3-22. METER FUNCTION PRESET CIRCUIT. A meter function preset circuit consisting of resistor
R61, capacitor C32, transistor switch Q4, and one shot U8B automatically selects the for
ward power meter function when exciter primary power is applied. Q4 will output a LOW
to U8B as C32 charges through R61. U8B outputs a momentary HIGH to forward power
meter function switch S1 and the input of meter function encoder U9.
3-23. MODULATION DISPLAY CIRCUIT.
3-24. The modulation display circuit and moving bar LED display provides a visual indication of
the modulation percentage. A sample of the audio signal is input to gain switch amplifier
U1B and automatic ranging amplifier U1C. Gain switch Q7 is normally closed for high
levels of audio signal.
3-25. With Q7 closed, U1C operates as an inverting unity gain amplifier. The output of U1C is
applied to a precision rectifier and meter ballistics circuit. This circuit consists of inte
grated circuit U2, diodes D3 and D4, and transistor Q1 and associated components.
3-26. The positive excursions of the signal at the output of U2A are applied to buffer U2B
through diode D3. The negative excursions are applied to buffer U2C through diode D4.
The output of U2B and U2C are routed to U2D which differentially amplifies the full-wave
rectified signal.
3-27. The output of U2D is applied to current amplifier Q1 which transfers the positive charge
on capacitor C12 to C13 through resistor R36 and diode D24. The rate at which the charge
is transferred is determined by R36. C13 discharges through R37 at a slower rate to pro-
vide the display with a gradual decay time and a rapid rise time.
-6 -
COPYRIGHT 1990 BROADCAST ELECTRONICS, INC
597-1050-13
FIGURE 3-1. SIMPLIFIED SCHEMATIC
-7-/-8-
3-28. The signal at capacitor C13 is routed to display drivers U19, U20, and U21 through buffer
U1D and 100% calibration control R41. Each display driver contains a resistive ladder
network and comparator circuits which sequentially activate output lines in direct propor
tion to the input voltage. Integrated circuit U17, resistors R91, R93, and R95 provide a
reference voltage for the display drivers.
3-29. The output lines of the display drivers are connected to LED displays DS9, DS10, and
DS11 which illuminate when the lines are activated. An output line from U20 is routed to
one shot U18 which generates a one second pulse to illuminate the 100% LED.
3-30. AUTOMATIC RANGING CIRCUIT OPERATION. The automatic ranging circuit provides
expanded scale meter indication for low level modulation signals. During low level signal
conditions, the output of gain switch amplifier U1A insufficiently charges capacitor C4
through diode D1.
3-31. This minimal charge on C4 is applied to gain switch comparator U1B which outputs a posi
tive voltage to bias gain switch Q7 OFF and illuminate indicator DS11. With Q7 OFF
(open), expanded scale calibration control R28 operates as a feedback resistor for automatic
ranging amplifier U1C. This converts the circuit into an inverting amplifier with a gain of
10.
-9 -
SECTION IV
MAINTENANCE
4-1. INTRODUCTION.
4-2. This section provides maintenance information, electrical adjustment procedures and
troubleshooting information for the metering circuit board assembly.
4-3. MAINTENANCE.
4-4. ELECTRICAL ADJUSTMENTS.
4-5. REQUIRED EQUIPMENT. The following tools and equipment are required for electrical
adjustment procedures.
A. Insulated adjustment tool, shipped with the exciter (P/N 407-0083).
B. Digital voltmeter, Fluke 75 or equivalent.
C. Low distortion audio generator.
D. Calibrated oscilloscope.
4-6. METER CALIBRATE CONTROL (R56). Potentiometer R56 on the metering circuit board
adjusts the multimeter circuitry for an accurate indication in the test meter mode. To ad
just R56, refer to Figure 4-1 as required and proceed as follows.
4-7. Procedure. To adjust meter calibration control R56, proceed as follows:
D. With an insulated adjustment tool, adjust R56 until the front-panel and external
meter indications are equal.
E. Disconnect the power to the exciter, remove the test equipment, replace the test
probe in the clip provided, and replace the top-cover.
-10-
WARNING: DISCONNECT PRIMARY POWER PRIOR TO SERVICING
COPYRIGHT 1990 BROADCAST ELECTRONICS, INC
597-1050-14
FIGURE 4-1. METERING CIRCUIT BOARD CONTROLS AND TEST POINTS
4-8. DISPLAY CALIBRATE (R41) AND X10 CALIBRATE (R28) CONTROLS. Display calibrate
control R41 and X10 calibrate control R28 on the metering circuit board must be adjusted
in proper sequence. R41 and R28 are adjusted as follows.
4-9. Procedure. To adjust R41 and R28, refer to Figure 4-1 as required and proceed as follows:
A. Remove the top-cover and connect an audio generator to the front-panel
COMPOSITE IN connector.
C. Adjust the audio generator for 400 Hz at 6 volts peak-to-peak (2.12V RMS) as
indicated on the oscilloscope.
E. Adjust the audio generator for 0.6V peak-to-peak (0.212V RMS). The front-panel
X10 indicator will illuminate.
-11-
WARNING: DISCONNECT PRIMARY POWER PRIOR TO SERVICING
WARNING DO NOT TOUCH ANY COMPONENT WITHIN THE EX
CITER WITH POWER APPLIED.
WARNING
4-12. After the problem is isolated and power is totally deenergized, refer to the schematic dia
grams and the theory of operation to facilitate in problem resolution. The defective cir
cuitry may be repaired locally or the circuit board may be returned to Broadcast Electron
ics, Inc. for repair or replacement.
SYMPTOM DEFECT/REMEDY
-12-
WARNING: DISCONNECT PRIMARY POWER PRIOR TO SERVICING
TABLE 4-1. METERING CIRCUIT BOARD TROUBLESHOOTING
(Sheet 2 of 2)
SYMPTOM DEFECT/REMEDY
-13-
WARNING: DISCONNECT PRIMARY POWER PRIOR TO SERVICING
SECTION V
DRAWINGS
5-1. INTRODUCTION.
5-2. This section provides assembly drawings, wiring diagrams, and schematic diagrams as
listed below for the metering circuit board assembly.
-14-
WARNING: DISCONNECT PRIMARY POWER PRIOR TO SERVICING
COPYRIGHT 1990 BROADCAST ELECTRONICS, INC
597-1050-71
FIGURE 5-3. METERING CIRCUIT BOARD COMPONENT LOCATORS
SECTION VI
REPLACEMENT PARTS
6-1. INTRODUCTION.
6-2. This section provides descriptions and part numbers of electrical components, assemblies,
and selected mechanical parts required for maintenance of the metering circuit board as
sembly. Each table entry in this section is indexed by reference designators appearing on
the applicable schematic diagram.
-16 -
TABLE 6-1. METERING CIRCUIT BOARD ASSEMBLY - 919-0108
(Sheet 2 of 5)
-17-
TABLE 6-1. METERING CIRCUIT BOARD ASSEMBLY - 919-0108
(Sheet 3 of 5)
-18 -
TABLE 6-1. METERING CIRCUIT BOARD ASSEMBLY - 919-0108
(Sheet 4 of 5)
-19-
TABLE 6-1. METERING CIRCUIT BOARD ASSEMBLY - 919-0108
(Sheet 5 of 5)
-20 -
MODULATED OSCILLATOR
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE NO. DESCRIPTION PAGE NO.
1-1 Electrical Characteristics 1
6-1 Modulated Oscillator Assembly 8
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
FIGURE NO. DESCRIPTION PAGE NO.
3-1 Simplified Schematic 4
SECTION I
GENERAL INFORMATION
1-1. INTRODUCTION.
1-2. This section provides general information and specifications relative to the operation of the
modulated oscillator assembly.
1-3. DESCRIPTION.
1-4. The modulated oscillator assembly produces the carrier frequency, frequency modulates
the carrier, and amplifies the modulated RF carrier to a level sufficient to drive the RF am
plifier assembly. Additional circuitry is interfaced to the AFC/PLL circuit board which op
erates as a phase-locked loop to maintain the RF carrier center frequency.
PARAMETER SPECIFICATION
SIGNAL INPUTS
MODULATION AND AFC VOLTAGE 35 mV p-p Nominal with 2.0V to 9.0V dc
Dependent on the RF Center Frequency.
SIGNAL OUTPUTS
RF 1 mW at 50 Ohms.
AFC SAMPLE 1 mW at 50 Ohms.
-1 -
SECTION II
REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION
2-1. INTRODUCTION.
2-2. This section provides removal and installation procedures for the modulated oscillator as
sembly.
-2 -
SECTION III
THEORY OF OPERATION
3-1. INTRODUCTION.
3-2. This section presents the theory of operation for the exciter modulated oscillator assembly.
3-11. BUFFERS AND OUTPUT AMPLIFIER. Three RF stages provide isolation between the oscil
lator and output load, harmonic suppression, and a low output impedance.
3-12. The modulated RF at Q2 is coupled to the base of buffer/amplifier Q3 through capacitor
C8. The output of Q3 is applied to buffer/amplifier Q4 through C11. The output of Q4 is
applied to the base of output amplifier Q5 through a low-pass filter consisting of C15, C16,
and L5. The output of Q5 is routed through C18 to resistors R23 and R24 which establish
a 50 Ohm output impedance.
3-13. Two identical signals are output from the modulated oscillator assembly. The signal at R24
provides drive to the RF amplifier and the signal at R23 provides a frequency sample to
the AFC/PLL circuit board.
-3 -
-4 -
597-1050-15
FIGURE 3-1. MODULATED OSCILLATOR SIMPLIFIED SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
3-14. POWER SUPPLY. +20V dc is applied to the transistors on the modulated oscillator circuit
board through transistor Q1. Q1 operates as a capacitance multiplier for dc filter capacitor
C4.
-5 -
SECTION IV
MAINTENANCE
4-1. INTRODUCTION.
4-2. This section provides maintenance and troubleshooting information for the exciter modu
lated oscillator assembly.
4-3. MAINTENANCE.
4-4. ELECTRICAL ADJUSTMENTS.
4-5. The modulated oscillator assembly contains no controls which require adjustment or cali
bration.
4-6. TROUBLESHOOTING.
4-7. Field servicing the modulated oscillator assembly is not recommended. Therefore, if diffi
culties are encountered and the modulated oscillator is suspected as faulty, return the as
sembly to Broadcast Electronics Inc. for repair or replacement.
-6 -
SECTION V
DRAWINGS
5-1. INTRODUCTION.
5-2. This section provides assembly drawings, wiring diagrams, and schematic diagrams as
listed below the the modulated oscillator assembly.
-7 -
SECTION VI
REPLACEMENT PARTS
6-1. INTRODUCTION.
6-2. This section provides descriptions and part numbers of electrical components, assemblies,
and selected mechanical parts required for maintenance of the modulated oscillator assem
bly. Each table entry in this section is indexed by reference designators appearing on the
applicable schematic diagram.
-8 -
TABLE 6-1. MODULATED OSCILLATOR ASSEMBLY - 959-0106
(Sheet 2 of 2)
-9 -
AFC/PLL ASSEMBLY
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE NO. TITLE PAGE NO.
1-1 Electrical Characteristics 1
4-1 Frequency Synthesizer Programming 15
6-1 AFC/PLL Circuit Board Assembly 21
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
FIGURE NO. TITLE PAGE NO.
3-1 AFC/PLL Circuit Board Simplified Schematic 5
4-1 AFC/PLL Circuit Board Controls and Indicators 10
4-2 Frequency Selection 14
4-3 No RF Output-Lock is Extinguished 17
4-4 No Modulation, Lock Indicator Illuminated 18
SECTION I
GENERAL INFORMATION
1-1. INTRODUCTION.
1-2. This section provides general information and specifications relative to the operation of the
automatic frequency control/phase-locked-loop (AFC/PLL) circuit board.
1-3. DESCRIPTION.
1-4. The AFC/PLL circuit board: 1) synthesizes and maintains the desired carrier frequency to
a high degree of precision, and 2) processes the audio for modulation.
1-5. A sample of the modulated oscillator output frequency is compared to a precision reference
frequency in a comparator circuit which generates a correction voltage. This correction
voltage is applied to the modulated oscillator to maintain the stability of the carrier fre-
quency. If the carrier is off frequency (as when power is applied), the AFC/PLL circuitry
will mute the RF output until the carrier is locked in-phase with the reference frequency.
A dual speed PLL filter ensures rapid stabilization of the carrier frequency.
1-6. In addition, the AFC/PLL circuit board accepts, sums, and precorrects audio input signals
to provide a linear response when applied to the modulated oscillator.
1-7. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS.
1-8. Refer to Table 1-1 for electrical characteristics relative to the AFC/PLL circuit board.
TABLE 1-1. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
PARAMETER SPECIFICATIONS
INPUTS:
RF SAMPLE 1 mW at 50 Ohms.
BALANCED AUDIO +10 dBm at 600 Ohm for 100% Modulation.
COMPOSITE AUDIO 3.5V p-p (1.24V RMS) for 100% Modulation.
SCA AUDIO 3.5V p-p (1.24V RMS) for 10% Injection.
OUTPUTS:
MODULATION 35 mV p-p, Nominal for +/- 75 kHz Deviation.
AFC +2.0V dc to +9.0V dc, Dependent Upon RF Center
Frequency.
AFC (Metering) +2.0V dc to +9.0V dc, Dependent Upon RF Center
Frequency.
AFC INTERLOCK Open Collector Output.
EXTERNAL LOCK INDICATOR Open Collector Output.
COMPOSITE AUDIO (Metering) 6.0V p-p at 1 k Ohm.
COMPOSITE TEST 6.0V p-p at 1 k Ohm.
-1 -
SECTION II
REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION
2-1. INTRODUCTION.
2-2. This section provides removal and installation procedures for the AFC/PLL circuit board
assembly.
-2 -
SECTION III
THEORY OF OPERATION
3-1. INTRODUCTION.
3-2. This section presents the theory of operation for the exciter AFC/PLL circuit board.
-3 -
3-13. COMPARATOR CIRCUIT.
3-14. This circuit compares the signals from both the reference divider and RF sample divider
circuits and generates an error signal when a difference exists. Logic circuit U9 is a pro
grammable frequency synthesizer and comparator which will internally divide the 4 kHz
signal at the OSC input to provide a frequency of 500 Hz.
3-15. When binary switches S1, S2, and S3 are preset for the appropriate carrier frequency, U9
will divide the RF sample signal at the F input to provide 500 Hz at the FV output which is
applied to one shot U12. If an error exists, output FV will vary above or below 500 Hz.
This signal and the 500 Hz from the reference division are internally compared for phase
and frequency variations.
3-16. When the carrier frequency and reference frequency are equal and in phase, the PD out
put of U9 will be steady state at approximately +2.5 volts. If the carrier leads or is greater
than the reference frequency, the output will pulse LOW. If the carrier lags or is less than
the reference frequency, the output will pulse HIGH. These output pulses will vary in
width directly in proportion to the degree of phase error. The pulses are applied to U11B.
3-17. Normally, the LD output of U9 will be a logic HIGH for a locked condition. If an unlocked
condition exists, the output will pulse LOW. This output is applied to the D input of lock/
unlock sensor U4B. With the signal from the FV output of U9, the QA output of one shot
U12 will provide a clock pulse to U4B which leads or lags the signal at the D input depend
ing on the phase error direction.
3-20. ACTIVE FILTER. The output of U11B is also applied to an active third-order 5 Hz low-pass
filter consisting of capacitors C29 through C31, resistors R25 through R27, and loop filter
buffer U11A. The filter removes the reference frequency component to provide a dc auto
matic frequency control (AFC) voltage to the modulated oscillator through resistor R31.
3-21. LOCK DRIVER. The output of lock/unlock sensor U4B normally applies a HIGH through
resistor R39 to lock driver U13A for a locked-loop condition. U13A is activated by a slow
charge/rapid discharge circuit consisting of resistors R39, R40, diode D2, and capacitor
C42.
3-22. As long as the output of U4B is HIGH, the potential on C42 will maintain U13A output
HIGH. This HIGH will: 1) illuminate front-panel LOCK indicator DS5, 2) bias transistor
switch Q3/Q4 ON to remove the RF inhibit from the rear-panel terminal strip, and 3) en
able the AFC relay.
3-23. If an unlock condition exists, the output of U4B will go LOW which rapidly discharges C42
through D2 and R40 and applies a LOW to U13A. When this occurs, the output of U13A
will go LOW to extinguish the lock indicator, disable the AFC relay, inhibit the RF, and ac
tivate a dual rate loop driver.
3-24. DUAL RATE LOOP DRIVER. The LOW output from U13A is routed to a dual rate control
network consisting of R42, R43, C44, and D3. This circuit is identical in operation to the
slow charge/rapid discharge circuit previously described. The circuit forces the output of
U13B HIGH which enables light dependent resistors LDR1, LDR2, and LDR3 in the active
filter circuit to increase loop lock response.
-4 -
COPYRIGHT 1990 BROADCAST ELECTRONICS, INC
597-1050-16
FIGURE 3-1.
AFC/PLL CIRCUIT BOARD SIMPLIFIED
SCHEMATIC
-5-/-6-
3-25. LOOP LOCK RESPONSE. Increased loop lock response is accomplished by LDR1, LDR2,
and LDR3. When enabled during an unlocked condition, LDR1 will shunt the 5 Hz low-
pass filter and route the output from U11B directly to U11A. LDR2 will shunt resistor R31
to rapidly charge capacitor C35 through resistor R34. Modulation coupling capacitor C37
will be rapidly charged through LDR3.
3-26. LOCK UP. When the operating frequency and phase output of the modulated oscillator are
sufficiently adjusted by the AFC control voltage, the output of U4B will return HIGH
which changes the output state of U13A and U13B. The duration between the unlock and
lock conditions is less than 5 seconds.
3-27. VCO ACTIVITY MONITOR.
3-28. This circuit indirectly provides a visual indication of output from the RF sample divider
circuit via the FV output of U9. When the 500 Hz signal is present, the QB output of U12
will go HIGH which biases LED driver transistor Q2 ON to illuminate indicator DS3. If
any component within the RF sample divider circuit or modulated oscillator circuit fails,
indicator DS3 will extinguish and the QB output of U12 will issue a reset pulse to U4B
which inhibits the RF.
3-29. AUDIO PROCESSING CIRCUITS.
3-30. BALANCED INPUTS. A balanced composite audio input circuit and a balanced mono
phonic audio input circuit are provided by the FX-50 exciter. Audio for the composite cir
cuit is input through a rear-panel BNC connector. Audio for the monophonic circuit is in
put through rear-panel barrier strip TB1.
3-31. Composite Circuit. When programmable jumper J4 is installed, resistor R74 is connected
across the input circuit to convert the impedance from 10 k Ohms to 50 Ohms. Audio from
the rear-panel is ac coupled to balanced input amplifiers U14A and U14B through capaci
tors C49/C50 and C52/C53. Diodes D8 through D11 limit the audio input level.
3-32. The outputs of U14A and U14B are routed to differential amplifier U15A. The output of
U15A is routed to summing amplifier U10A through balanced composite level control R81.
3-33. Monophonic Circuit. Audio from the rear-panel is ac coupled through capacitors in the
RFI assembly to balanced input amplifiers U16A and U16B. Diodes D12 through D15 op
erate to limit the audio input level. Pre-emphasis is selected by programmable jumpers
J5A and J5B which connect capacitor(s) C62 and/or C63 into the circuit through resistor
R37.
3-34. The outputs of U16A and U16B are routed to differential amplifier U15B. The voltage gain
for U15B is selected by a gain select network consisting of resistor pack R96 and a resistor
connected between tie points E1 and E2. The output of U15B is routed to summing ampli
fier U10A through balanced monophonic level control R91.
3-35. UNBALANCED INPUTS. Subcarrier audio from rear-panel connectors SUB1, SUB2, and
SUB3 and audio from front-panel composite test connector are input to U10A through
summing resistors R64 through R67. Audio from the rear-panel unbalanced composite
connector is also input to U10A through unbalanced composite level control R69.
3-36. PREMODULATION CONTROL CIRCUIT.
3-37. Audio signals from the balanced and unbalanced input circuits are summed at the input of
summing amplifier U10A. The output of U10A is routed to the front-panel composite test
connector, the metering circuit board, and a precorrection network through modulation cor
rection control R63.
3-38. The audio precorrection network consisting of resistors R53 through R62 and diodes D4
through D7 adjusts the base band signal to compensate for varactor non-linearity in the
modulated oscillator. The output of this network is routed to the modulated oscillator
through coupling capacitor C37 and modulation calibration control R52.
-7 -
3-39. VOLTAGE REGULATOR CIRCUITS.
3-40. The AFC/PLL circuit board contains three voltage regulator circuits. +15 volts is applied
to regulator circuit U6 to provide a +5 V/B operating potential at the output. +20 volts is
applied to regulator circuit U17 to provide an output potential of +15V to the circuit board
and indicator DS4. -20 volts is applied to regulator circuit U18 to provide an output poten
tial of -15V to the circuit board and indicator DS5.
3-41. In addition, +5 volts is applied to a filter circuit consisting of capacitors C12, C13, and in
ductor L1. The output illuminates indicator DS1 and provides a +5V/A operating potential.
-8 -
SECTION IV
MAINTENANCE
4-1. INTRODUCTION.
4-2. This section provides maintenance information, electrical adjustment procedures, and
troubleshooting information for the exciter AFC/PLL circuit board.
4-3. MAINTENANCE.
4-4. ELECTRICAL ADJUSTMENTS.
4-5. Figure 4-1 presents the AFC/PLL circuit board controls and indicators with the cover re
moved. The following electrical adjustment procedures do not require the cover to be re
moved.
4-6. REQUIRED EQUIPMENT. The following tools and equipment are required for electrical
adjustment procedures.
A. Insulated adjustment tool, shipped with the exciter (P/N 407-0038).
B. Digital voltmeter, Fluke 75 or equivalent.
C. Low distortion audio generator and distortion analyzer, Sound Technology 1710A
or equivalent.
D. Calibrated oscilloscope.
E. High linearity FM demodulator, Belar FMM-2 or equivalent.
F. 20 dB power attenuator, Bird 8343-200 or equivalent.
G. Calibrated frequency counter, HP-5315B or equivalent.
4-7. BAL MONO (R91). The BAL MONO level control on the AFC/PLL circuit board adjusts
the output level of the balanced monophonic amplifier circuit. BAL MONO control R91 is
adjusted as follows.
4-8. Procedure. To adjust BAL MONO control R91, refer to Figure 4-1 as required and pro
ceed as follows:
-9 -
WARNING: DISCONNECT POWER PRIOR TO SERVICING
COPYRIGHT 1990 BROADCAST ELECTRONICS, INC
597-1050-17
FIGURE 4-1. AFC/PLL CIRCUIT BOARD CONTROLS AND INDICATORS
E. Adjust the audio generator for 400 Hz at +10 dBm (2.45V RMS) output.
F. With an insulated adjustment tool, adjust R91 until the voltmeter indicates
2.12V RMS.
G. Disconnect the primary power, remove all test equipment, and replace the
top-cover.
4-9. BAL COMP (R81). The BAL COMP level control on the AFC/PLL circuit board adjusts
the output level of the balanced composite amplifier circuit. BAL COMP control R81 is
adjusted as follows.
4-10. Procedure. To adjust BAL COMP control R81, refer to Figure 4-1 as required and pro
ceed as follows:
-10 -
-11-
WARNING: DISCONNECT POWER PRIOR TO SERVICING
4-13. MODULATION CORRECTION (R63). The MODULATION CORRECTION control on
the AFC/PLL circuit board corrects the audio signal prior to application to the modulated
oscillator assembly. MODULATION CORRECTION control R63 is adjusted as follows.
4-14. Procedure. To adjust MODULATION CORRECTION control R63, refer to Figure 4-1
as required and proceed as follows:
-12 -
F. Adjust the audio generator for 400 Hz at 2.12V RMS output as indicated on the
voltmeter.
G. With an insulated adjustment tool, adjust R52 for 100% modulation as indicated
on the modulation monitor.
H. Disconnect the primary power, remove all test equipment, and replace the top-
cover.
4-17. REF OSC FREQ TRIM. The REF OSC FREQ TRIM control on the AFC/PLL circuit board
adjusts the reference frequency. The REF OSC FREQ TRIM control is adjusted as fol
lows.
4-18. Procedure. To adjust the REF OSC FREQ TRIM control, refer to Figure 4-1 as required
and proceed as follows:
B. Remove the exciter top-cover and connect a frequency counter to TP1 on the AFC/
PLL circuit board.
D. With an insulated adjustment tool, adjust the REF OSC FREQ TRIM control
until the frequency counter indicates 10 MHz ±5 Hz or 2 MHz ±1 Hz depending on
programmable jumper J3.
E. Disconnect the primary power, remove all test equipment, and replace the top-
cover.
-13-
WARNING: DISCONNECT POWER PRIOR TO SERVICING
COPYRIGHT 1990 BROADCAST ELECTRONICS, INC
597-1050-18
FIGURE 4-2. FREQUENCY SELECTION
B. Remove the exciter top-cover. Refer to Table 4-1 and select the desired frequency
and corresponding binary code.
C. Refer to Figure 4-2 and program four-segment switches S1, S2, and S3 for the
desired frequency.
4-22. LOW-PASS FILTER. An optional low-pass filter can be installed on the FX-50/E exciter
rear-panel for stand-alone operation. Due to critical tuning parameters, field adjustment
is not recommended. If adjustment is necessary, contact Broadcast Electronics field service
for assistance.
4-23. PRE-EMPHASIS SELECTION. Programmable jumpers P5A and P5B on the AFC/PLL cir
cuit board establish the exciter pre-emphasis. The exciter is normally shipped with 75 mi
crosecond pre-emphasis. If required,an alternate pre-emphasis can be selected as follows.
4-24. Procedure. To select an alternate pre-emphasis, refer to Figure 4-1 as required and pro
ceed as follows:
-14 -
597-1050-19
TABLE 4-1. FREQUENCY SYNTHESIZER PROGRAMMING
WARNING DISCONNECT PRIMARY POWER TO THE EXCITER BE
FORE PROCEEDING.
WARNING
4-25. TROUBLESHOOTING.
4-26. The troubleshooting philosophy for the AFC/PLL circuit board consists of isolating a prob
lem to a specific circuit. The problem may be further isolated by referencing the following
information and Figures 4-3 and 4-4 which present troubleshooting information.
4-27. After the problem is isolated and power is totally deenergized, refer to the schematic dia
grams and the theory of operation to assist in problem resolution. The defective circuitry
may be repaired locally or the circuit board may be returned to Broadcast Electronics, Inc.
for repair or replacement.
-16 -
597-1050-21
-18 -
597-1050-22
FIGURE 4-4. NO MODULATION, LOCK INDICATOR ILLUMINATED
SECTION V
DRAWINGS
5-1. INTRODUCTION.
5-2. This section provides assembly drawings, wiring diagrams, and schematic diagrams as
listed below for the AFC/PLL circuit board.
-19-
949–1050–001
M
-20 -
597-1050-70
FIGURE 5-3. AFC/PLL CIRCUIT BOARD COMPONENT LOCATORS
SECTION VI
REPLACEMENT PARTS
6-1. INTRODUCTION.
6-2. This section provides descriptions and part numbers of electrical components, assemblies,
and selected mechanical parts required for maintenance of the AFC/PLL circuit board.
Each table entry in this section is indexed by reference designators appearing on the appli
cable schematic diagram.
-21-
TABLE 6-1. AFC/PLL CIRCUIT BOARD ASSEMBLY - 919-0104
(Sheet 2 of 5)
-22 -
TABLE 6-1. AFC/PLL CIRCUIT BOARD ASSEMBLY - 919-0104
(Sheet 3 of 5)
-23-
TABLE 6-1. AFC/PLL CIRCUIT BOARD ASSEMBLY - 919-0104
(Sheet 4 of 5)
-24 -
TABLE 6-1. AFC/PLL CIRCUIT BOARD ASSEMBLY - 919-0104
(Sheet 5 of 5)
-25-
RF AMPLIFIER
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PARAGRAPH PAGE NO.
SECTION I GENERAL INFORMATION
1-1 Introduction 1
1-3 Description 1
1-5 Electrical Specifications 1
SECTION II REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION
2-1 Introduction 2
2-3 Removal and Installation Procedures 2
2-4 Removal Procedure 2
2-5 Required Equipment 2
2-6 Procedure 2
2-7 Installation Procedure 2
SECTION III THEORY OF OPERATION
3-1 Introduction 3
3-3 RF Amplifier Assembly Description 3
3-5 RF Amplifier Circuit Board Description 3
3-8 Functional Description 3
3-10 RF Amplifier Circuit 3
3-18 Directional Coupler Circuits 5
3-21 Input Mute Circuit 5
SECTION IV MAINTENANCE
4-1 Introduction 6
4-3 Maintenance 6
4-4 Electrical Adjustments 6
4-6 Required Equipment 6
4-7 RFL NULL (R12) 6
4-9 PA BIAS (R17) 7
4-11 Troubleshooting 9
SECTION V DRAWINGS
5-1 Introduction 13
SECTION VI REPLACEMENT PARTS
6-1 Introduction 14
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE NO. DESCRIPTION PAGE NO.
1-1 Electrical Characteristics 1
6-1 RF Amplifier Circuit Board Assembly 14
6-2 Heat Sensor Circuit Board Assembly 16
6-3 Wire Harness Assembly 16
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
FIGURE NO. DESCRIPTION PAGE NO.
3-1 Simplified Schematic 4
4-1 RF Amplifier Circuit Board Controls 8
4-2 RF Amplifier Troubleshooting Information 11
SECTION I
GENERAL INFORMATION
1-1. INTRODUCTION.
1-2. This section provides general information and specifications relative to the operation of the
RF amplifier assembly.
1-3. DESCRIPTION.
1-4. The RF amplifier assembly consists of three stages of amplification to increase the low-
level RF input signal from the modulated oscillator to an adjustable level of 3 to 50 watts
as required to drive an associated transmitter. Directional coupler sensing lines on the cir
cuit board provide both forward and reflected power outputs for monitoring and control of
amplifier operation.
PARAMETER SPECIFICATIONS
SIGNAL LEVELS:
RF AMPLIFIER
INPUT 0.0 dBm at 50 Ohms.
OUTPUT 3 to 50 Watts RF at 50 Ohms (adjustable).
DIRECTIONAL COUPLER OUTPUT
FORWARD 2.2V dc at 50 Watts RF Output.
REFLECTED Less than 1V dc at 50 Watts RF Output at
50 Ohms.
-1 -
SECTION II
REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION
2-1. INTRODUCTION.
2-2. This section provides removal and installation procedures for the RF amplifier assembly.
-2 -
SECTION III
THEORY OF OPERATION
3-1. INTRODUCTION.
3-2. This section presents the theory of operation for the exciter RF amplifier assembly.
-3 -
-4 -
597-1050-23
FIGURE 3-1. RF AMPLIFIER SIMPLIFIED SCHEMATIC
3-14. Driver amplifier Q3 operates from a dc potential of +20 volts. Inductors L4 and L5, and
capacitors C19, C22, and C23 provide power supply isolation.
3-15. Power Amplifier. The power amplifier consists of power transistor Q4, an impedance
matching network, resistor R10, and PA bias control R17. The matching network converts
the output impedance of Q3 to the low input impedance required by Q4. R10 provides iso
lation from the bias network and R17 establishes the quiescent drain current for Q4. This
stage provides 50 watts of output power to the associated transmitter.
3-16. The drain of Q4 connects to an impedance matching network which operates as: 1) a broad
band impedance step-up transformer to establish an output impedance of 50 Ohms, and 2)
a second harmonic notch filter. Capacitor C36 functions as a dc blocking capacitor.
3-17. Power amplifier Q4 operates from an adjustable dc potential of +3 to +24 volts. The ad
justable potential is preset by circuitry on the power supply/control circuit board and is
automatically maintained by feedback from the forward directional coupler. Inductors L7
and L8, and capacitors C28 through C31 provide power supply isolation.
3-18. DIRECTIONAL COUPLER CIRCUITS. The directional couplers provide two dc signals ob
tained by rectifying a sample of the RF output signal. Due to the polarity of the samples,
one signal will represent the forward output signal and the other will represent the re
flected.
3-19. Forward Directional Coupler. The forward voltage sample is obtained from a microstrip
on the circuit board near the output line. This signal is rectified and filtered by diode D1,
capacitors C38 and C39, and resistor R15. Capacitor C37 establishes the broadband char
acteristics of the circuit.
3-20. Reflected Directional Coupler. The reflected voltage sample is obtained from a microstrip
on the circuit board near the output line. This signal is rectified and filtered by diode D2,
capacitors C40 and C41, and resistor R13. Capacitor C41 establishes the broadband char
acteristics of the circuit. The directivity of the circuit is adjusted by null control R12.
3-21. INPUT MUTE CIRCUIT. The input mute circuit consists of transistors Q5 and Q6. During
normal operation, +20 volts is routed to input amplifier U2 through Q5. When the exciter
is muted, the final +V supply is terminated. The loss of this potential will bias Q6 OFF
and disable Q5 which terminates the +20 volts to U2.
-5 -
SECTION IV
MAINTENANCE
4-1. INTRODUCTION.
4-2. This section provides maintenance information, electrical adjustment procedures, and
troubleshooting information for the RF amplifier assembly.
4-3. MAINTENANCE.
4-4. ELECTRICAL ADJUSTMENTS.
4-5. Although the following controls are not located on the RF amplifier assembly, the controls
effect the operation of the RF amplifier. The adjustment procedure for each control is pre
sented in the power supply/control circuit board section of this manual.
A. TEMP TRIP (R27)
B. TEMP CAL (R25)
C. FWD CAL (R5)
D. RFL CAL (R9)
4-6. REQUIRED EQUIPMENT. The following tools and equipment are required for electrical
adjustment procedures.
A. Insulated adjustment tool, shipped with the exciter (P/N 407-0038).
B. Non-inductive, 100 watt, 50 Ohm test load.
C. Adapter, BNC jack to type N plug for test load (P/N 417-3288).
D. Adapter, type N jack-to-jack for test load (P/N 417-3841).
E. Coaxial accessory cable, BNC connectors, shipped with exciter (P/N 947-0017-2).
4-7. RFL NULL (R12). The RFL NULL control on the RF amplifier circuit board adjusts the
directivity of the reflected power directional coupler. Potentiometer R12 is adjusted as fol
lows.
4-8. Procedure. To adjust reflected power null control R12, proceed as follows:
-6 -
WARNING
F. Refer to Figure 4-1 and adjust R12 for minimum reflected power as indicated on
the front-panel meter.
4-9. PA BIAS (R17). PA BIAS control R17 on the RF amplifier circuit board adjusts the PA
quiescent current. Potentiometer R17 is adjusted as follows.
4-10. Procedure. To adjust PA bias control R17, proceed as follows:
-7 -
WARNING: DISCONNECT POWER PRIOR TO SERVICING
WARNING: DISCONNECT POWER PRIOR TO SERVICING
-8 -
WARNING
4-11. TROUBLESHOOTING.
4-12. The troubleshooting philosophy for the RF amplifier assembly consists of isolating a prob
lem to a specific circuit. The problem may be further isolated by referencing the following
information and Figure 4-2 which presents troubleshooting information for the RF ampli
fier assembly.
-9 -
WARNING: DISCONNECT POWER PRIOR TO SERVICING
WARNING DISCONNECT THE POWER FROM THE EXCITER BE
FORE REMOVING OR REPLACING ANY COMPO
WARNING NENTS.
4-13. After the problem is isolated and power is totally deenergized, refer to the schematic dia
grams and the theory of operation to facilitate in problem resolution. The defective cir
cuitry may be repaired locally or the circuit board may be returned to Broadcast Electron
ics, Inc. for repair or replacement.
-10 -
597-1050-25
FIGURE 4-2. RF AMPLIFIER TROUBLESHOOT-
ING INFORMATION
-11-/-12-
SECTION V
DRAWINGS
5-1. INTRODUCTION.
5-2. This section provides assembly drawings, wiring diagrams, and schematic diagrams as
listed below for the RF amplifier assembly.
-13 -
SECTION VI
REPLACEMENT PARTS
6-1. INTRODUCTION.
6-2. This section provides descriptions and part numbers of electrical components, assemblies,
and selected mechanical parts required for maintenance of the RF amplifier assembly.
Each table entry in this section is indexed by reference designators appearing on the appli
cable schematic diagram.
-14 -
TABLE 6-3. RF AMPLIFIER CIRCUIT BOARD ASSEMBLY - 919-0105-001
(Sheet 1 of 2)
-15 -
TABLE 6-3. RF AMPLIFIER CIRCUIT BOARD ASSEMBLY - 919-0105-001
(Sheet 2 of 2)
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SYNCHRONOUS FM BOOSTER
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE NO. DESCRIPTION PAGE NO.
1-1 System Specifications 2
6-1 Synchronous FM Booster Circuit Boards 14
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
FIGURE NO. DESCRIPTION PAGE NO.
3-1 Slave FM Booster Simpified Schematic 6
3-2 Master FM Booster Simplified Schematic 7
4-1 Slave/Master Circuit Board Controls 10
SECTION I
GENERAL INFORMATION
1-1. INTRODUCTION.
1-2. This section provides general information and specifications relative to operation of the
optional synchronous FM booster system.
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TABLE 1-1. SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS
PARAMETER SPECIFICATION
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SECTION II
INSTALLATION
2-1. INTRODUCTION.
2-2. This section contains information required for installation of the Broadcast Electronics
synchronous FM booster system.
2-3. INSTALLATION.
2-4. This procedure is specifically for field installation kits. To install the master or slave cir
cuit board, refer to the following information and sheet 2 of assembly drawing AC909-0131
in SECTION VI, DRAWINGS, as required.
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2-18. Connect P13 to J13 on the power supply/control circuit board.
2-19. Connect P12 to J12 on the booster circuit board. Replace the exciter top-cover.
2-25. Refer to Figure 4-1 in SECTION IV, MAINTENANCE, and adjust R26 for the level re
quired by the transmission equipment.
2-26. Remove the test equipment and replace the top-cover.
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SECTION III
THEORY OF OPERATION
3-1. INTRODUCTION.
3-2. This section presents the theory of operation for the Broadcast Electronics optional syn
chronous FM booster system.
3-3. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION.
3-4. The synchronous FM booster system consists of: 1) a master circuit board which generates
a reference frequency, and 2) a slave circuit board which locks to the reference frequency.
The master and slave circuit boards are plug-in modules which interface with the AFC/
PLL circuit board in the FX-50 exciter.
3-5. SLAVE CIRCUIT BOARD.
3-6. Figure 3-1 presents a simplified schematic of the slave synchronous FM booster circuit
board. Refer to Figure 3-1 as required for the following functional description.
3-7. A reference frequency is routed to input amplifier U7 from the exciter rear-panel SUB-1
connector through programmable jumpers J3 and J4. After amplification, the output of U7
is input to a band-pass filter to remove any low frequency components. The output of the
band-pass filter is applied to amplifier U8 through level control R26.
3-8. The sinusoidal output of U8 is applied to U1 which will convert the signal to a square wave
for application to phase comparator U2. When this signal and a signal from one shot U6B
are compared, a correction voltage is generated and applied to a reference filter network.
3-9. The reference filter network consisting of U3A and U3B removes the reference frequency
component from the signal to provide a dc correction voltage to 10 MHz voltage controlled
crystal oscillator Y1. The output of Y1 varies in response to the correction voltage and is
applied to divide-by-ten counter U4 through programmable jumper J5.
3-10. The output of U4 provides a 1 MHz signal to the AFC/PLL circuit board and to program
mable counter U5. Depending on the position of programmable jumper J11, U5 will divide
1 MHz by 8, 10, or 11. The output of U5 is applied to phase comparator U2 through one
shot U6B which operates as a pulse stretcher. Duty cycle control R20 adjusts the width of
the pulse.
3-11. PROTECTION CIRCUITRY. Resistors R34 and R35 operate as a voltage divider network.
If phase comparator U2 fails, a clamping voltage of approximately +1.7 volts will be ap
plied to U3A through diode D2 to maintain the output range of the VCXO within accept
able limits.
3-12. If loss of reference frequency occurs, the output pulse of phase comparator U2 will exhibit
a 50% duty cycle. This will generate +2.5 volts to maintain the output frequency of the
VCXO at a constant 10 MHz.
3-13. MASTER CIRCUIT BOARD.
3-14. Figure 3-2 presents a simplified schematic of the master synchronous FM booster circuit
board. Refer to Figure 3-2 as required for the following functional description.
3-15. The 10 MHz reference frequency from the AFC/PLL circuit board is applied to divide-by-
ten counter U4 through programmable jumper J5. The output of U4 provides a 1 MHz sig
nal to programmable counter U5 and the AFC/PLL circuit board. Depending on the posi
tion of programmable jumper J11, U5 will divide the 1 MHz signal to provide a frequency
of 125 kHz, 100 kHz, or 90.909 kHz to U6B.
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597-1050-60
597-1050-61
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SECTION IV
MAINTENANCE
4-1. INTRODUCTION.
4-2. This section provides maintenance information, electrical adjustment procedures, and
troubleshooting information for the synchronous FM booster circuit boards.
4-3. MAINTENANCE.
4-4. ELECTRICAL ADJUSTMENTS.
4-5. REQUIRED EQUIPMENT. The following tools and equipment are required for electrical
adjustment procedures.
A. Insulated adjustment tool, shipped with the exciter (P/N 407-0083).
B. Calibrated oscilloscope.
C. Frequency counter.
4-6. DUTY CYCLE ADJUSTMENT (R20). Potentiometer R20 on the slave or master circuit
board adjusts the duty cycle of the reference signal. Control R20 is adjusted as follows.
4-7. Procedure. To adjust duty cycle control R20, proceed as follows:
D. Refer to Figure 4-1 and adjust R20 for a 50% duty cycle as indicated on the oscillo-
scope.
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WARNING: DISCONNECT POWER PRIOR TO SERVICING
COPYRIGHT 1990 BROADCAST ELECTRONICS, INC
597-1050-62
FIGURE 4-1. SLAVE/MASTER CIRCUIT BOARD CONTROLS
F. Refer to Figure 4-1 and adjust L1, L2, and L3 for a maximum indication on the
oscilloscope. Repeat if necessary.
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WARNING: DISCONNECT POWER PRIOR TO SERVICING
WARNING DISCONNECT PRIMARY POWER TO THE EXCITER BE
FORE PROCEEDING.
WARNING
4-10. VCXO ADJUSTMENT. Due to frequency drift of crystals with age, it is recommended the
VCXO frequency on the slave circuit board be periodically checked and adjusted if re
quired. The VCXO frequency is adjusted as follows.
4-11. Procedure. To adjust the VCXO, proceed as follows:
A. Perform the DUTY CYCLE ADJUSTMENT procedure.
F. Refer to Figure 4-1 and adjust the 10 MHz VCXO adjust control for 10 MHz
+/-5 Hz as indicated on the frequency counter.
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WARNING: DISCONNECT POWER PRIOR TO SERVICING
4-12. REFERENCE FREQUENCY SELECTION. The removal or installation of capacitors C25,
C26, and C29 selects alternate reference frequencies. If an alternate frequency is desired,
refer to Figure 4-1 and the following information and install the required combination of
capacitors.
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WARNING: DISCONNECT POWER PRIOR TO SERVICING
SECTION V
DRAWINGS
5-1. INTRODUCTION.
5-2. This section provides assembly drawings, wiring diagrams, and schematic diagrams as
listed below for the synchronous FM booster circuit boards.
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WARNING: DISCONNECT POWER PRIOR TO SERVICING
SECTION VI
REPLACEMENT PARTS
6-1. INTRODUCTION.
6-2. This section provides descriptions and part numbers of electrical components, assemblies,
and selected mechanical parts required for maintenance of the synchronous FM booster
circuit boards. Each table entry in this section is indexed by reference designators ap
pearing on the applicable schematic diagram.
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TABLE 6-1. SYNCHRONOUS FM BOOSTER CIRCUIT BOARD ASSEMBLIES -
909-0131, 909-0132 (Sheet 2 of 3)
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TABLE 6-1. SYNCHRONOUS FM BOOSTER CIRCUIT BOARD ASSEMBLIES -
909-0131, 909-0132 (Sheet 3 of 3)
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