Class X Chapter 1 – Real Numbers Maths 

Exercise 1.1 
Question 1: 
Use Euclid’s division algorithm to find the HCF of: 
CLASS - 10th Chapter - 1 (Real Numbers) 
Answer: 
(i) 135 and 225 
Since 225 > 135, we apply the division lemma to 225 and 135 to 
obtain 
225 = 135 × 1 + 90 
Since remainder 90 ≠ 0, we apply the division lemma to 135 and 90 to 
obtain 
135 = 90 × 1 + 45 
We consider the new divisor 90 and new remainder 45, and apply the 
division lemma to obtain 
90 = 2 × 45 + 0 
Since the remainder is zero, the process stops. 
Since the divisor at this stage is 45, 
Therefore, the HCF of 135 and 225 is 45. 
(ii)196 and 38220 
Since 38220 > 196, we apply the division lemma to 38220 and 196 to 
obtain 
38220 = 196 × 195 + 0 
Since the remainder is zero, the process stops. 
Since the divisor at this stage is 196, 
 
Class X Chapter 1 – Real Numbers Maths 

Therefore, HCF of 196 and 38220 is 196. 

(iii)867 and 255 
Since 867 > 255, we apply the division lemma to 867 and 255 to 
obtain 
867 = 255 × 3 + 102 
Since remainder 102 ≠ 0, we apply the division lemma to 255 and 102 
to obtain 
255 = 102 × 2 + 51 
We consider the new divisor 102 and new remainder 51, and apply the 
division lemma to obtain 
102 = 51 × 2 + 0 
Since the remainder is zero, the process stops. 
Since the divisor at this stage is 51, 
Therefore, HCF of 867 and 255 is 51. Question 2: 
Show that any positive odd integer is of the form 
, where q is some integer. 
Answer: 
Let a be any positive integer and b = 6. Then, by Euclid’s algorithm, 
a = 6q + rfor some integer q ≥ 0, and r = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 because 0 ≤ 
r < 6. 
Therefore, a = 6q or 6q + 1 or 6q + 2 or 6q + 3 or 6q + 4 or 6q + 5 
Also, 6q + 1 = 2 × 3q + 1 = 2k 
1 

+ 1, where k 
1 

is a positive integer 
, or 
, or 
 
Class X Chapter 1 – Real Numbers Maths 

6q + 3 = (6q + 2) + 1 = 2 (3q + 1) + 1 = 2k 

2 

+ 1, where k 
2 

is an 
integer 
6q + 5 = (6q + 4) + 1 = 2 (3q + 2) + 1 = 2k 
3 

+ 1, where k 
3 

is an 
integer 
Clearly, 6q + 1, 6q + 3, 6q + 5 are of the form 2k + 1, where k is an 
integer. 
Therefore, 6q + 1, 6q + 3, 6q + 5 are not exactly divisible by 2. 
Hence, these expressions of numbers are odd numbers. 
And therefore, any odd integer can be expressed in the form 6q + 1, 
or 6q + 3, 

or 6q + 5 Question 3: 
An army contingent of 616 members is to march behind an army band 
of 32 members in a parade. The two groups are to march in the same 
number of columns. What is the maximum number of columns in 
which they can march? 
Answer: 
HCF (616, 32) will give the maximum number of columns in which 
they can march. 
We can use Euclid’s algorithm to find the HCF. 
616 = 32 × 19 + 8 
32 = 8 × 4 + 0 
The HCF (616, 32) is 8. 
Therefore, they can march in 8 columns each. 
 
Class X Chapter 1 – Real Numbers Maths 

Question 4: 
Use Euclid’s division lemma to show that the square of any positive 
integer is either of form 3m or 3m + 1 for some integer m. 
[Hint: Let x be any positive integer then it is of the form 3q, 3q + 1 or 
3q + 2. Now square each of these and show that they can be rewritten 
in the form 3m or 3m + 1.] 
Answer: 
Let a be any positive integer and b = 3. 
Then a = 3q + r for some integer q ≥ 0 
And r = 0, 1, 2 because 0 ≤ r < 3 
Therefore, a = 3q or 3q + 1 or 3q + 2 
Or, 
, Where k 
1 

, k 
2 

and k 
3 

are some positive integers 

Hence, it can be said that the square of any positive integer is either of 
the form 3m or 3m + 1. Question 5: 
Use Euclid’s division lemma to show that the cube of any positive 
integer is of the form 9m, 9m + 1 or 9m + 8. 
Answer: 
Let a be any positive integer and b = 3 
 
Class X Chapter 1 – Real Numbers Maths 

a = 3q + r, where q ≥ 0 and 0 ≤ r < 3 

Therefore, every number can be represented as these three forms. 
There are three cases. 
Case 1: When a = 3q, 
Where m is an integer such that m = 
Case 2: When a = 3q + 1, 
a 
3 

= (3q +1) 
3 

a3 = 27q3 + 27q2 + 9q + 1 
a3 = 9(3q3 + 3q2 + q) + 1 
a 
3 

= 9m + 1 
Where m is an integer such that m = (3q3 + 3q2 + q) 
Case 3: When a = 3q + 2, 
a3 = (3q +2)3 
a 
3 

= 27q 
3 

+ 54q 
2 

+ 36q + 8 
a 
3 

= 9(3q 
3 

+ 6q 
2 

+ 4q) + 8 
a3 = 9m + 8 
Where m is an integer such that m = (3q 
3 

+ 6q 
2 

+ 4q) 
Therefore, the cube of any positive integer is of the form 9m, 9m + 1, 
or 9m + 8. 
 
Class X Chapter 1 – Real Numbers Maths 

Exercise 1.2 
Question 1: 
Express each number as product of its prime factors: 
Answer: 
Question 2: 
Find the LCM and HCF of the following pairs of integers and verify that 
LCM × HCF = product of the two numbers. 
Answer: 
Hence, product of two numbers = HCF × LCM 
 
Class X Chapter 1 – Real Numbers Maths 

Hence, product of two numbers = HCF × LCM 

Hence, product of two numbers = HCF × LCM Question 3: 
Find the LCM and HCF of the following integers by applying the prime 
factorisation method. 
 
Class X Chapter 1 – Real Numbers Maths 

Answer: 
 
Class X Chapter 1 – Real Numbers Maths 

Question 4: 
Given that HCF (306, 657) = 9, find LCM (306, 657). 
Answer: 
Question 5: 
Check whether 6n can end with the digit 0 for any natural number n. 
Answer: 
If any number ends with the digit 0, it should be divisible by 10 or in 
other words, it will also be divisible by 2 and 5 as 10 = 2 × 5 
Prime factorisation of 6 
n 

= (2 ×3) 
n 

It can be observed that 5 is not in the prime factorisation of 6n. 

Hence, for any value of n, 6 
n 

will not be divisible by 5. 

Therefore, 6n cannot end with the digit 0 for any natural number n. Question 6: 
Explain why 7 × 11 × 13 + 13 and 7 × 6 × 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 + 5 are 
composite numbers. 
Answer: 
Numbers are of two types - prime and composite. Prime numbers can 
be divided by 1 and only itself, whereas composite numbers have 
factors other than 1 and itself. 
 
Class X Chapter 1 – Real Numbers Maths 

It can be observed that 

7 × 11 × 13 + 13 = 13 × (7 × 11 + 1) = 13 × (77 + 1) 
= 13 × 78 
= 13 ×13 × 6 
The given expression has 6 and 13 as its factors. Therefore, it is a 
composite number. 
7 × 6 × 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 + 5 = 5 ×(7 × 6 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 + 1) 
= 5 × (1008 + 1) 
= 5 ×1009 
1009 cannot be factorised further. Therefore, the given expression has 
5 and 1009 as its factors. Hence, it is a composite number. Question 7: 
There is a circular path around a sports field. Sonia takes 18 minutes 
to drive one round of the field, while Ravi takes 12 minutes for the 
same. Suppose they both start at the same point and at the same 
time, and go in the same direction. After how many minutes will they 
meet again at the starting point? 
Answer: 
It can be observed that Ravi takes lesser time than Sonia for 
completing 1 round of the circular path. As they are going in the same 
direction, they will meet again at the same time when Ravi will have 
completed 1 round of that circular path with respect to Sonia. And the 
total time taken for completing this 1 round of circular path will be the 
LCM of time taken by Sonia and Ravi for completing 1 round of circular 
path respectively i.e., LCM of 18 minutes and 12 minutes. 
 
Class X Chapter 1 – Real Numbers Maths 

18 = 2 × 3 × 3 
And, 12 = 2 × 2 × 3 
LCM of 12 and 18 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 = 36 
Therefore, Ravi and Sonia will meet together at the starting pointafter 
36 minutes. 
 
Class X Chapter 1 – Real Numbers Maths 

Exercise 1.3 
Question 1: 
Prove that 
is irrational. 
Answer: 
Let 
is a rational number. 
Therefore, we can find two integers a, b (b ≠ 0) such that 
Let a and b have a common factor other than 1. Then we can divide 
them by the common factor, and assume that a and b are co-prime. 
Therefore, a2 is divisible by 5 and it can be said that a is divisible by 5. 
Let a = 5k, where k is an integer 
This means that b2 is divisible by 5 and hence, b is divisible 
by 5. 
This implies that a and b have 5 as a common factor. 
And this is a contradiction to the fact that a and b are co-prime. 
Hence, 
is 
irrational. Question 2: 
Prove that 
cannot be expressed as 
is irrational. 
or it can be said that 
 
Class X Chapter 1 – Real Numbers Maths 

Answer: 
Let 
is rational. 
Therefore, we can find two integers a, b (b ≠ 0) such that 
will Since a and b are integers, 
also be rational and 
therefore, 
is rational. 
This contradicts the fact that 
is irrational. Hence, our assumption 
that 
is irrational. Question 3: 
Prove that the following are irrationals: 
Answer: 
is Let 
rational. 
Therefore, we can find two integers a, b (b ≠ 0) such that 
is rational is false. Therefore, 
 
Class X Chapter 1 – Real Numbers Maths 

is rational as a and b are integers. 

Therefore, 
is 
irrational. 
Hence, our assumption is false and 
is Let 
rational. 
Therefore, we can find two integers a, b (b ≠ 0) such that 
is rational as a and b are integers. 
Therefore, 
should be rational. 
This contradicts the fact that 
is irrational. Therefore, our assumption 
that 
Let 
for some integers a and b 
is rational is false. Hence, 
be rational. 
is rational which contradicts to the fact that 
is irrational. 
is irrational. 
 
Class X Chapter 1 – Real Numbers Maths 

Therefore, we can find two integers a, b (b ≠ 0) such that 

should Since a and b 
are integers, 
be rational. This contradicts the fact that 
is irrational. Therefore, 
our assumption is false and hence, 
is also rational and hence, 
is irrational. 
 
Class X Chapter 1 – Real Numbers Maths 

Exercise 1.4 
Question 1: 
Without actually performing the long division, state whether the 
following rational numbers will have a terminating decimal expansion 
or a non-terminating repeating decimal expansion: 
Answer: 
(i) 
The denominator is of the form 5m. 
Hence, the decimal expansion of 
is terminating. 
(ii) 
The denominator is of the form 2m. 
Hence, the decimal expansion of 
is terminating. 
(iii) 
 
Class X Chapter 1 – Real Numbers Maths 

455 = 5 × 7 × 13 
Since the denominator is not in the form 2m × 5n, and it also contains 
7 and 13 as its factors, its decimal expansion will be non-terminating 
repeating. 
(iv) 
2 1600 = 2 
The denominator is of the form 2m × 5n. 
Hence, the decimal expansion of 
is terminating. 
(v) 
Since the denominator is not in the form 2m × 5n, and it has 7 as its 
factor, the decimal expansion of 
is non-terminating repeating. 
(vi) 
The denominator is of the form 2m × 5n. 
Hence, the decimal expansion of 
is terminating. 
(vii) 
6 

× 5 
 
Class X Chapter 1 – Real Numbers Maths 

Since the denominator is not of the form 2m × 5n, and it also has 7 as 
its factor, the decimal expansion of 
is non-terminating 
repeating. 
(viii) 
The denominator is of the form 5n. 
Hence, the decimal expansion of 
is terminating. 
(ix) 
n The denominator is of the form 2 
. 
Hence, the decimal expansion of 
is terminating. 
(x) 
n Since the denominator is not of the 
form 2 
, and it also has 3 as 
its factors, the decimal expansion of 
is non-terminating repeating. Question 2: 
Write down the decimal expansions of those rational numbers in 
Question 1 above which have terminating decimal expansions. 
m 

× 5 
m 

× 5 
 
Class X Chapter 1 – Real Numbers Maths 

Answer: 
 
Class X Chapter 1 – Real Numbers Maths 
 
Class X Chapter 1 – Real Numbers Maths 

(viii) 
Question 3: 
The following real numbers have decimal expansions as given below. 
In each case, decide whether they are rational or not. If they are 
rational, and of the form 
, what can you say about the prime factor 
of q? 
(i) 43.123456789 (ii) 0.120120012000120000... (iii) 
Answer: 
(i) 43.123456789 
Since this number has a terminating decimal expansion, it is a rational 
number of the form 
i.e., the prime factors of q will be either 2 or 5 or both. 
(ii) 0.120120012000120000 ... 
and q is of the form 
 
Class X Chapter 1 – Real Numbers Maths 

The decimal expansion is neither terminating nor recurring. Therefore, 

the given number is an irrational number. 
(iii) 
Since the decimal expansion is non-terminating recurring, the given 
number is a rational number of the form 
i.e., the prime factors of q will also have a factor other than 2 or 
5. 
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and q is not of the form