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Volume-8, Issue-6, December 2018

International Journal of Engineering and Management Research
Page Number: 93-98
DOI: doi.org/10.31033/ijemr.8.6.8

Cloud Computing in Resource Management

Er. Manoj Kumar
Sr. Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Applications, IISE, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, INDIA
1
Corresponding Author: iisemanoj@gmail.com

ABSTRACT or strategically on full basis. The idea of cloud computing has

Swiftly increasing demand of computational not only restored the field of distributed systems but also
calculations in the process of business, transferring of files fundamentally changed how business utilizes computing
under certain protocols and data centers force to develop an today. Resource management in cloud computing is in fact a
emerging technology cater to the services for computational typical problem which is due to the scale of modern data
need, highly manageable and secure storage. To fulfill these centers, the variety of resource types and their inter
technological desires cloud computing is the best answer by dependencies, unpredictability of load along with the range of
introducing various sorts of service platforms in high objectives of the different actors in a cloud ecosystem.
computational environment. Cloud computing is the most
recent paradigm promising to turn around the vision of Keywords-- Cloud Computing Research, Challenges,
“computing utilities” into reality. The term “cloud Resource Management, Virtualization, Utility Computing,
computing” is relatively new, there is no universal agreement Cloud Platform
on this definition. In this paper, we go through with different
area of expertise of research and novelty in cloud computing
domain and its usefulness in the genre of management. Even
though the cloud computing provides many distinguished I. INTRODUCTION
features, it still has certain sorts of short comings amidst with
comparatively high cost for both private and public clouds. It Cloud computing is a completely new IT
is the way of congregating amasses of information and technology and it is known as the third revolution after
resources stored in personal computers and other gadgets personal computers and internet. We can also summarize
and further putting them on the public cloud for serving that the enhancement and development of Distributed
users. Resource management in a cloud environment is a
Databases, Parallel Computing, Grid Computing and
hard problem, due to the scale of modern data centers, their
interdependencies along with the range of objectives of the Distributed Computing result in cloud Computing. John
different actors in a cloud ecosystem. Cloud computing is McCarthy in the 1960s already envisioned that computing
turning to be one of the most explosively expanding facilities will be provided to the general public like
technologies in the computing industry in this era. It utility[1]. In simple words we can refer the cloud computing
authorizes the users to transfer their data and computation to as a platform based on internet providing myriads of
remote location with minimal impact on system performance. services on the basis of plug and play.
With the evolution of virtualization technology, cloud
computing has been emerged to be distributed systematically

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National Institute of Standards and Technology resource management is the process of allocating
refers to include common key elements massively used in computing storage, networking and resources to a set of
cloud computing. “It is a model for enabling convenient, applications, cloud service providers and cloud users. The
on-demand networking access to a shared pool of cloud computing paradigm has emerged, wherein a pool of
configurable computing resources that can be rapidly computing resources is shared between the applications
provisioned and released with the minimal management and that may be accessed over the internet. This term is
effort or service provider interaction”[2]. It refers to some used not only by technology community but the common
key elements which need to be analyzing first. Typically public as well. Our objective with the paper is to bring
cloud computing provides a number of benefits which forth an inclusive survey of recent researches into the
could not otherwise be realized which includes scalability challenging genre of resource management in cloud
and quality of service. environment. Conveying upon the complexity of the
The cost effective cloud computing provides problem, describe the state of art, and outline the
specialized environment and simplified interface. When fundamental open challenges.
we are concerning on cloud computing, we understand that

“ It is very difficult to give prediction about the

uncertain and fluid future of the environment surrounding
Cloud Computing – be it technology, its adoption
structure, industry, regulatory regime. “
Niels Bohr ( Noble Proize in Physics : 1922)

II. CLOUD COMPUTING BUILDING provider and made available to users over a network. It
BLOCKS makes the users to get rid of operating the applications on
their own system and also eliminates the task of software
There are various reasons for organizations to maintenance along with safeguarding and supporting.
move cloud computing enabled solutions as they are Salesforce.com and Google Apps. are the best examples of
required to pay only on the basis of consumptions. In SaaS.
addition, organizations can easily meet the needs of rapidly Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS)
changing markets to ensure that they are always on the Platform-as-a-Service is the delivery of
lending edge for their consumers[3]. Basically cloud computing platform which allows the users to develop and
computing services are distributed into three categories: manage the web applications without the complexity of
Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) maintaining the infrastructure. It provides an infrastructure
This category makes use of cloud computing with a high level of integration for implementing cloud
infrastructure to provide single application to multiple based applications. Examples of PaaS are Force.com,
users. Here applications are hosted by a vendor or service Google App Engine and Microsoft Azure.

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Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) particular valuable for dynamic or high changeable

It refers to the sharing of hardware resources for workloads.
executing services using virtualization technology. Simply,
we can say that it is actually renting of cloud infrastructure IV. RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN
– servers, storage and networking – on demand, in a pay CLOUD
as-you-go model. Examples of IaaS are Amazon S3,
Amazon Elastic Cloud Computing (EC2) and GoGrid. We consider the resource management as the
process of allocating computing, storage, networking and
III. DEPLOYMENT OF CLOUD indirectly energy resources to a set of applications, in the
COMPUTING context that looks to jointly meet the performance
objectives of the infrastructure providers, users of the
Cloud services are available to users by any of the cloud resources and applications. The objectives of the
models depending on the requirement and procedure. cloud users tend to focus on application performance. The
These services are popular due to the fact that they can conceptual framework provides a high level view of the
reduce the cost and complexity of operating computers and functional component of cloud resource management
networks. Even though, the cloud service providers have systems and all their interactions. This field is classified
specialization in a particular area can bring services that a into eight functional areas or we can say that resource
single company might not be able to provide or offer to the management activities which are as follow:
users. There are also four different cloud deployment  Global planning of virtualized resources
models which are as follow:  Resource demand profiling
Community Cloud  Resource exercise estimation
This cloud computing model is multi tenant  Resource pricing and profit maximization
infrastructure which is a collaborative effort in which the  Local scheduling of cloud resources
infrastructure is jointly shared and constructed by the  Application scaling and provisioning
several organizations. It also can be hosted by the third
 Workload management
party to a community. This will provide the degree of
 Cloud management systems
economics to the organization.
Cloud computing is appeared as a business necessity,
Public Cloud
being animated by the idea of just using the infrastructure
In this cloud computing model service providers
without managing it. Although, initially this idea was
makes system application along with storage services
present only in the academic area, recently, it was
available to the user through internet and other resources
transposed into industries by companies like Microsoft,
but the cloud service providers have full control on it.
Amazon, Google, Yahoo! and Salesforce.com. This makes
Amazon EC2, S3, Google AppEngine and Force.com are
it possible for new startups to enter the market easier, since
the best examples of public cloud services. This service
the cost of infrastructure is greatly diminished [5]. There are
may be free or offered on a pay-per-usage model.
various sorts of issues just as number of servers becomes
Private Cloud
immense and dependencies between servers become
This cloud computing model delivers the
complex in the terms of managing cloud systems in static
advantages similar to that of public cloud. The main
manner. Cloud computing providers deliver common
difference is that whereas public clouds are providing
online business applications which are accessed from
services to the number of organizations, a private cloud is
servers through web browsers.
dedicated only to a single organization. It may be managed
by the organization or a third party regardless whether it is
located premise or off premise. It results in optimizing of V. SCOPE OF CLOUD COMPUTING
resources; concerning security issues include data privacy, RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
considerable data transfer cost and full control over
process critical activities. Business applications hosted in the cloud are
Hybrid Cloud probably the most promising cloud service and the most
This cloud computing model is a blender of on- interesting topic for computer science education because it
premises, private cloud and public cloud services. This can give business the option to pay as they go while
integrated cloud service uses both public and private providing the big impact benefit of the latest technology
clouds to perform distinct functions within the same advancement[6]. Resource management decisions by the
organization. Organizations opt to use this model in order Cloud Service Provider and Cloud Service User need
to optimize the resources to enhance the core competencies accurate estimations of the condition of the physical and
by margining out peripheral business functions. It is virtual resources which are required to deliver the
applications hosted by cloud. The functional elements of
Resource Utilization Estimation provide state estimation
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for compute, network, storage and power resources. It also

provides input into cloud monitoring and resource
scheduling processes.

VI. CLOUD COMPUTING SECURITY

ARCHITECTURE
One of the biggest security worries with the cloud
computing model is the sharing of resources. Cloud
computing is a distributed architecture which centralizes
resources of the server on the platform which is quite
scalable to provide on demand computing resources and
services. Cloud computing technology is profoundly
developed network environment which deems to the users
of high quality service and security. The cloud
infrastructure is shared by several organizations and
supports a specific community that has shared concerns. It
may be managed by the organizations or the third party
and may exist on premise or off premise[4].

VII. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR

RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
The cloud service provider is responsible for
In figure 4 the functional elements are mapped to overseeing the exercising of compute, networking, storage,
the Cloud Provider and Cloud User roles in line with an power resources and controlling this utilization via global
IaaS cloud offering. and local scheduling process.

As shown in figure 4 arrows represent the PaaS and SaaS environment.

principal information flows between functional elements. The framework is depicted from IaaS perspective.
The diagram shows the responsibilities of the actors in an However, it is applicable to the PaaS and SaaS
IaaS environment. The portioning is different in the case of perspectives - the functional elements remain the same, but
the responsibility for supplying of more of them rests with
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the Cloud Provider whereas in the case of PaaS, the role of obtaining more than seventy percent cost of their
Cloud User is split into a Platform Provider along with an information and communication technology on operation
Application Provider. The degree of resource allocation and management resulting in allocating of only few
responsibility falling on each varies depending on the percentage of their funds on new development and
scope of the provided platform. In the case of SaaS, the researches. An infrastructure operation manger is deployed
Platform and Application Provider are basically the same by the companies which fabricate and operate
organization which is also the Cloud Provider. In all sorts infrastructure based on the commandments provided by the
of resource management functionality the responsibilities administrators. In a cloud environment, the operation
would then have on these organizations. manger manipulates the infrastructure. Cloud users are in
Resource Management and Virtualization the high expectations that they are going to construct the
One of the most important technologies is the use system which works in an inexpensive way in comparison
of virtualization. It is the way to gist the hardware and to the conventional systems. This turns to be the main
system resources from an operating system. In computing, cause which gives rise to a necessity of new and different
virtualization means to create a virtual version of a device operations management technology and it is premises that
or a resource, such as a server, storage device, network or the uniform infrastructure control has been made possible
even an operating system where the framework divides the by the technology of visualization.
resource into one or more execution environments[7]. One Challenges & Risk / Security Issues
of the most basic concepts of virtualization technology Computing is being transformed to a model
gives employed in cloud environment is resource consisting of services that are commoditized and delivered
consolidation and management. in a manner similar to utilities such as water, electricity,
gas and telephony. In such a model, users access services
based on their requirement regardless of where the services
are hosted. Several computing paradigms have promised to
deliver this utility computing vision of “computing
utilities” into reality[8]. Perhaps the biggest threat that may
emerge when a technology gains sufficient interest from
enough people is that it will begin to be observed as
panacea.
We have categorized five challenges. The first
three relate to known general problems that are hard to
solve in theory resulting in required additional efforts to
produce practical solutions. The last two refer to
significance resource management challenges that emerge
from the development of the cloud computing paradigm.
 Achieving predictable performance for cloud-
Hypervisors or Virtual Machine Monitors are hosted applications
used to perform virtualization within a cloud environment  Achieving global manageability of cloud
across a large set of servers. These monitors lie in between environments
the hardware and the operating systems. The figure  Engineering scalable resource management
mentioned below defines one of the key advantages of systems
cloud computing which allows for a consolidation of
 Economic behavior of pricing strategies
resources within any data center.
 Challenges in mobile cloud computing
Within a cluster environment managing of
In the cloud, it is common to have various resources,
multiple operating systems is performed to allow for a
such as machine instances, fail. Except for tightly managed
number of standalone physical machines which is further
Platform as a Service cloud providers, the burden of
combined to a virtualized environment. The entire
resource management is still in the hands of the user is
processes require less physical resources than ever before.
often provided with limited or immature management tools
Thousands of physical machines amidst with megawatts of
to address the issues[9]. IP address which may be reused
power are required for the deployment of large clouds,
has been considered a big issue in the concern of network
which brings forth the necessity of developing an efficient
security. Sometimes though the old IP address is being
Cloud Computing system that utilizes the strengths of the
assigned to new user still the chances of accessing still
cloud while minimizing its energy footprint.
exists in the DNS cache and the data belonging to a
Cloud Operations Management System
particular user may become accessible to some other user
Role in Operation
violating the privacy of the original user[10].
In this changing era, it has been stated on the
basis of the latest reports that several companies are

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VIII. FUTURE PROSPECTS & a number of cloud terminologies are discussed in this
ADVANTAGES paper, there is a need of amendments in cloud
infrastructure both in the academic and commercial sectors
The increasing of resources in computing and where management of different segments will be in quick
management results to the massive demand of cloud span of time and believing that green computing will be
system making this concept one of the most luring and one of the major segments of the coming generation cloud
dynamic topics of this era. computing. Its uses in the management sectors in modern
Distributed File System era not only embellish the utilization rate of resources to
Google developed the patented distributed file address the imbalance in the development between
system Google File System (GFS) providing efficient and regions, but also can make more extensive use of cloud
reliable access to data using large clusters of commodity computing to our work life. Consequently cloud services
servers. It shares many of the same goals as previous must be designed under assumption that they will
distributed file systems such as performance, scalability, experience frequent and open unpredictable failures.
reliability and availability. Its design has been driven by Services must recover from failures autonomously, and
key observation of application workloads and this implies that cloud computing platforms must offer
technological environment, both current and anticipated, standard, simple and fast recovery procedures[13]. To sum
which reflect a marked departure from earlier file system up, we can further conclude that research and development
design assumptions[11]. related to cloud computing technology forms a virtual role
MapReduce in the future of resource management and internet
MapReduce refers to a group of programming technology. Getting view on the basis of ongoing research
techniques in which data is processed in sets. Built on top efforts and continuing advancements of computing
of Google File system, Google’s MapReduce framework is technology, we come into cropper that this technology
the heart of the conceptual and computational model for hover to have a major impact on scientific research as well
their approach to cloud computing[12]. The main concept as management planning.
behind the same is that the pseudo code which is coded by
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