IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979

(Reaffirmed 1998)
Edition 6.8
(2000-07)
Indian Standard
SAFETY OF HOUSEHOLD AND SIMILAR
ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES
PART 1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

( Fifth Revision )
(Incorporating Amendment Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 & 8)

UDC 64.06—83 : 614.8

© BIS 2003

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

MANAK BHAVAN , 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002

Price Group 15
 IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979

Indian Standard
SAFETY OF HOUSEHOLD AND SIMILAR
ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES
PART 1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

( Fifth Revision )
Electrical Appliances Sectional Committee, ETDC 43
Chairman Representing
SHRI B. MAJUMDAR Development Commissioner, Small Scale
Industries (Ministry of Industry), New Delhi
Members
SHRI A. N. GHOSH ( Alternate to
Shri B. Majumdar )
SHRI M. L. ANAND Consumer Council of India, New Delhi
COL J. C. ANAND Controllerate of Inspection (Electronics) (Ministry
of Defence), Bangalore
MAJ V. B. DESHMUKH ( Alternate )
SHRI S. K. ANEJA Electrical Appliances Manufacturers’ Association,
SHRI Y. P. SURI ( Alternate ) Delhi
SHRI A. U. ANSARI Directorate of Industries, Delhi Administration,
Delhi
SHRI J. L. CHHABRA Directorate General of Supplies & Disposals
SHRI K. L. GARG ( Alternate ) (Inspection Wing), New Delhi
CHIEF ENGINEER (ELECTRICAL)-I Central Public Works Department, New Delhi
SURVEYOR OF WORKS V ( Alternate )
SHRI S. S. CHITNIS Elpro International Ltd, Pune
SHRI P. S. BHATIA ( Alternate )
SHRI H. M. DESAI The Bombay Electric Supply & Transport
Undertaking, Bombay
SHRI P. A. B. PANIKAR ( Alternate )
DR R. N. DHAR National Physical Laboratory (CSIR), New Delhi
SHRI B. K. DOSHI Messrs Jashwantlal Kantilal, Bombay
SHRI N. J. DOSHI ( Alternate )
SHRI P. K. JAIN Directorate of Industries, Government of Haryana,
SHRI O. P. BAHL ( Alternate ) Chandigarh
( Continued on page 2 )

© BIS 2003
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
This publication is protected under the Indian Copyright Act (XIV of 1957) and
reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the
publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Act.
IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
( Continued from page 1 )
Members Representing
JOINT DIRECTOR (ELECTRICAL Railway Board (Ministry of Railways)
ENGINEERING)
SHRI V. S. KALBAG Tempo Industrial Corporation, Bombay
SHRI ARVIND BOLAR ( Alternate )
SHRI G. L. KESWANI Directorate General of Technical Development,
SHRI D. D. RAJDEV ( Alternate ) New Delhi
SMT BHARGAVI MENON Lady Irwin College, New Delhi
SHRI S. K. MUKHERJEE National Test House, Calcutta
SHRI K. K. SHARMA ( Alternate )
SHRI P. M. NAIR National Radio & Electronics Co Ltd, Bombay
SHRI G. D. VERNEKAR ( Alternate )
SHRI E. N. NARAYANASWAMY Department of Industries & Commerce,
SHRI C. NATARAJAN ( Alternate ) Government of Tamil Nadu, Madras
SHRI JOGINDER SINGH PALL Ditz Electricals (India) Ltd, Delhi
SHRI HARDIT SINGH ( Alternate )
SHRI H. C. PANDE Directorate of Technical Development &
Production (Air) (Ministry of Defence),
New Delhi
SHRI S. R. BHASKARAN ( Alternate )
SHRI D. V. KRISHNA RAO Consumer Guidance Society of India (Regd),
Bombay
SHRI N. RAJAGOPALAN The Standard Electric Appliances, Tuticorin
SHRI R. IYADURAI ( Alternate )
LT-COL B. B. RAJPAL Engineer-in-Chief’s Branch, Army Headquarters
SHRI SOHAN SINGH ( Alternate )
SHRI D. SUDHAKAR REDDY Tamil Nadu Electrical Appliances Manufacturers’
DR R. RAMARATHNAM ( Alternate) Association, Madras
SHRI K. P. SETHI Racold Appliances Pvt Ltd, Pune
SHRI S. K. VINAYAK ( Alternate )
SHRI JAGDISH SHARAN Bajaj Electricals Ltd, Bombay
SHRI S. P. SACHDEV, Director General, BIS ( Ex-officio Member )
Director (Elec tech)
Secretary
SHRI M. N. MURTHY
Assistant Director ( Elec tech ), BIS
Panel for General and Safety Requirements for Household and Similar
Electrical Appliances, ETDC 43 : P6
Members
SHRI H. M. DESAI ( Convener ) The Bombay Electric Supply & Transport
Undertaking, Bombay
DR R. N. DHAR National Physical Laboratory (CSIR), New Delhi
SHRI RAJ KUMAR KAPOOR Electrical Appliances Manufacturers’ Association,
SHRI R. C. GUPTA ( Alternate ) Delhi
SHRI N. KRISHNAMURTHY Central Public Works Department, New Delhi
SHRI S. K. MEHTA Bajaj Electricals Ltd, Bombay
SHRI K. P. SETHI Racold Appliances Private Ltd, Pune

2
 IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
CONTENTS
Page
0 FOREWORD 6
1 SCOPE 8
2 TERMINOLOGY 9
3 GENERAL REQUIREMENT 15
4 GENERAL NOTES ON TESTS 16
5 RATING 19
6 CLASSIFICATION 20
7 MARKING 20
8 PROTECTION AGAINST ELECTRIC SHOCK 26
9 STARTING OF MOTOR-OPERATED APPLIANCES 30
10 INPUT AND CURRENT 32
11 TEMPERATURE-RISE 33
12 OPERATION UNDER OVERLOAD CONDITIONS OF APPLIANCES
WITH HEATING ELEMENTS 39
13 ELECTRICAL INSULATION AND LEAKAGE CURRENT AT
OPERATING TEMPERATURE 40
14 RADIO AND TELEVISION INTERFERENCE SUPPRESSION 46
15 MOISTURE RESISTANCE 46
16 INSULATION RESISTANCE AND ELECTRIC STRENGTH (AFTER
HUMIDITY TREATMENT) 53
17 OVERLOAD PROTECTION 56
18 ENDURANCE 56
19 ABNORMAL OPERATION 58
20 STABILITY AND MECHANICAL HAZARDS 63
21 MECHANICAL STRENGTH 64
22 CONSTRUCTION 67
23 INTERNAL WIRING 75
24 COMPONENTS 77
25 SUPPLY CONNECTION AND EXTERNAL FLEXIBLE CABLES AND
CORDS 81

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IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
PAGE
26 TERMINALS FOR EXTERNAL CONDUCTORS 90
27 PROVISION FOR EARTHING 97
28 SCREWS AND CONNECTIONS 99
29 CREEPAGE DISTANCES AND CLEARANCES 101
30 RESISTANCE TO HEAT, FIRE AND TRACKING 105
31 RESISTANCE TO RUSTING 110
32 RADIATION HAZARDS 110
33 FINISH 110

APPENDICES

APPENDIX A TABLE OF TYPE TESTS 111

APPENDIX B SAMPLING PROCEDURE FOR ACCEPTANCE TESTS 112
APPENDIX C ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS 113
APPENDIX D MEASUREMENT OF TEMPERATURE WITH
THERMOMETER 118
APPENDIX E ALTERNATIVE TESTS FOR PROTECTED MOTOR UNITS 120
APPENDIX F IMPACT TEST APPARATUS 121
APPENDIX G THERMAL CONTROLS AND OVERLOAD RELEASES 122
APPENDIX H MEASUREMENT OF CREEPAGE DISTANCES AND
CLEARANCES 124
APPENDIX J TESTS FOR FIRE-RESISTING PROPERTIES 129
APPENDIX K BNF JET TEST FOR DETERMINATION OF THICKNESS
OFCOPPER AND NICKEL PLATING 132
APPENDIX L APPROXIMATE MEASUREMENT OF THICKNESS OF
CHROMIUM ON NICKEL, STEEL AND COPPER 137

TABLES

TABLE 1 TEMPERATURE-RISE 36
TABLE 2 CREEPAGE DISTANCES AND CLEARANCES 103
TABLE 3 SAMPLE SIZE AND CRITERION FOR CONFORMITY 112

4
 IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
FIGURES
PAGE
FIG. 1 STANDARD TEST FINGER 15
FIG. 2 TEST PIN 28
FIG. 3 TEST PROBE 29
FIG. 4 DIAGRAM FOR LEAKAGE CURRENT MEASUREMENT AT
OPERATING TEMPERATURE FOR SINGLE-PHASE CONNECTION
OF CLASS II APPLIANCES 42
FIG. 5 DIAGRAM FOR LEAKAGE CURRENT MEASUREMENT AT
OPERATING TEMPERATURE FOR SINGLE-PHASE CONNECTION
OF APPLIANCES OTHER THAN THOSE OF CLASS II 42
FIG. 6 DIAGRAM FOR LEAKAGE MEASUREMENT AT OPERATING
TEMPERATURE FOR THREE-PHASE CONNECTION OF CLASS II
APPLIANCES 43
FIG. 7 DIAGRAM FOR LEAKAGE CURRENT MEASUREMENT AT
OPERATING TEMPERATURE FOR THREE-PHASE CONNECTION
OF APPLIANCES OTHER THAN THOSE OF CLASS II 43
FIG. 8 DIAGRAM FOR ELECTRIC STRENGTH TEST AT OPERATING
TEMPERATURE 45
FIG. 9 VERTICAL RAIN APPARATUS 48
FIG. 10 SPRAY APPARATUS 49
FIG. 11 SPLASH APPARATUS 50
FIG. 12 IMPACT TEST APPARATUS 65
FIG. 13 DEVICE FOR TESTING SHOULDERS IN CONDUIT ENTRIES 67
FIG. 14 BALL PRESSURE APPARATUS 106
FIG. 15 HOT MANDREL APPARATUS 107
FIG. 16 ARRANGEMENT AND DIMENSIONS OF THE ELECTRODES FOR
THE TRACKING TEST 109
FIG. 17 APPARATUS FOR IMPACT TEST 122
FIG. 18 APPARATUS FOR IGNITION TEST 130
FIG. 19 APPARATUS FOR BNF JET TEST 134
FIG. 20 TIME REQUIRED TO PENETRATE 0.002 5 mm AT DIFFERENT
TEMPERATURE 135
FIG. 21 TIME REQUIRED TO DISSOLVE 0.000 3 mm CHROMIUM AT
DIFFERENT TEMPERATURE 138

5
IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979

Indian Standard
SAFETY OF HOUSEHOLD AND SIMILAR
ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES
PART 1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

( Fifth Revision )
0. FOREWORD
0.1 This Indian Standard (Fifth Revision) was adopted by the Indian
Standards Institution on 9 November 1979, after the draft finalized by
the Electrical Appliances Sectional Committee had been approved by the
Electrotechnical Division Council.
0.2 The need and importance of a standard prescribing the general and
safety requirements and constructional details of appliances with a view
to ensure safe and reliable operation need not be overemphasized. This
standard is concerned with electrical and mechanical construction in so
far as they affect safety, durability and reliability in service of the
appliances, primarily used for household purposes. A standard of this
kind, without reference to any particular appliance, may not cover in
detail all the requirements with which an individual appliance should
comply. Consequently, compliance with this standard is not in itself a
complete guarantee either of safety or performance of an appliance.
0.3 This standard applies to all household and similar electrical
appliances except as otherwise stated in the individual specification for a
particular appliance in which additional or modified requirements may be
specified.
NOTE — Hereinafter wherever the term ‘appliance’ is used it may be treated as
‘household and similar electrical appliance’.
0.4 If there are any deviations between the requirements of this standard
and those specified in the individual appliance standard, the provisions of
the latter shall apply.
0.5 Where no specification exists for an individual appliance, the relevant
provisions of this standard as applicable to the particular appliance, shall
apply in addition to any special requirements as agreed between the
purchaser and the manufacturer.
0.6 This standard was originally published in 1951 and revised in 1960,
1963, 1967 and 1973. This fifth revision has been done with a view to:
a) Aligning with the latest international practice, and

6
 IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
b) Incorporating the experience gained in implementation of the earlier
version.
0.7 Appendix C gives general guidance regarding the requirements and
tests for appliances incorporating electronic devices/circuits.
0.8 Appliances are required to be proof against humid conditions which
may occur in normal use. For heating type appliances, compliance is
checked by subjecting the appliance to leakage current and high voltage
tests after humidity treatment as given in 16.2 and 16.4 respectively.
During the tests of 16.2 and 16.4 the appliance is not connected to the
supply as in normal use and the test voltages are applied to various points
indicated in the table of clause 16.4. Thus the conditions of tests for
leakage current and high voltage as given in 13.2 and 13.3 ( where the
appliance is connected to the supply as in normal use ) are different from
those given in 16.2 and 16.4 in respect of leakage current and high
voltage.
Heating appliances, particularly those operating at elevated temperature
absorb moisture during humidity treatment and thus values behave
differently compared to the appliances which have not been subjected to
humidity treatment. However, a limit for an acceptable deterioration of
the heating elements due to humidity treatment has to be ensured for
satisfactory performance. The limit can be specified either in terms of
liberalized values of leakage current as compared to the values given in
13.2 or by allowing certain recovery time during which the appliance is
operated as in normal use before subjecting to the tests of 16.2 and 16.4.
In this standard, the latter method is adopted for specifying the
acceptable limits of deterioration during humidity treatment, and a
recovery time of 10 minutes is allowed. Thus a heating appliance can be
operated for a period of 10 minutes as in normal use before subjecting to
leakage current and high voltage tests as given in clause 16.2 and 16.4,
the limits of the values remaining same as under clauses 13.2 and 13.3.
0.9 While preparing this standard, assistance has been derived from IEC
Publication 335-1 (1976) Safety of household and similar electrical
appliances: Part I General requirements, issued by International
Electrotechnical Commission.
0.10 This edition 6.8 incorporates Amendment No. 1 (July 1983),
Amendment No. 2 (October 1985), Amendment No. 3 (March 1988),
Amendment No. 4 (October 1989), Amendment No. 5 (March 1992),
Amendment No. 6 (June 1993), Amendment No. 7 (April 1998) and
Amendment No. 8 (July 2000). Side bar indicates modification of the text
as the result of incorporation of the amendments.
0.11 For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this
standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated,

7
IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
expressing the result of a test, shall be rounded off in accordance with
IS : 2-1960*. The number of significant places retained in the rounded off
value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.

1. SCOPE
1.1 This standard applies to electric cooking and heating appliances and
electric motor-operated or magnetically-driven appliances for household
and similar purposes.
NOTE 1 — Appliances not intended for normal household use, but which
nevertheless may be a source of danger to the public, such as appliances intended to
be used by laymen in shops, in light industry and on farms, are within the scope of
this standard. Examples of such appliances are appliances for hairdressers,
soldering irons, glue pots, sterilizers, infrared radiation appliances, feed boilers,
water pumps and lawn mowers.
NOTE 2 — Except in so far as this standard deals with electric toys, it does not take
into account the special hazards which exist in nurseries and other places where
there are young children or aged or infirm persons without supervision; in such
cases additional requirements may be necessary.
1.2 This standard does not apply to:
a) appliances designed exclusively for industrial purposes;
b) appliances intended to be used in locations where special conditions
prevail, such as the presence of a corrosive or explosive atmosphere
(dust, vapour or gas);
c) separate motors;
d) appliances for high frequency heating except microwave ovens;
e) fans;
f) radio and television receiving appliances;
g) appliances for medical purposes; and
h) portable tools.
1.3 Gramophones and similar motor-operated appliances intended to be
used in, or in combination with electronic equipment are tested together
with such equipment, in accordance with IS : 616-1957†. For appliances
intended to be used in vehicles or on board ships or aircraft, additional
requirements may be necessary.
1.4 This standard is concerned with safety and takes into account the
influence on safety of components necessary to achieve a required degree
of radio and television interference suppression.

*Rules for rounding off numerical values ( revised ).

†Code of safety requirements for mains operated radio receivers.

8
 IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
2. TERMINOLOGY
2.0 For the purpose of this standard, the following definitions shall apply.
Where the terms voltage and current are used, they imply the rms values,
unless otherwise specified.
2.1 Rated Voltage — The voltage (for three-phase supply, the voltage
between phases) assigned to the appliance by the manufacturer.
2.2 Rated Voltage Range — The voltage range assigned to the
appliance by the manufacturer, expressed by its lower and upper limits.
2.3 Working Voltage — The maximum voltage to which the part under
consideration can be subjected when the appliance is operating at its
rated voltage and under normal conditions of use.
NOTE 1 — Normal conditions of use include changes of voltage within the appliance
imposed by likely occurrences such as the operation of a circuit-breaker or the
failure of a lamp.
NOTE 2 — When deducing the working voltage, the effect of possible transient
voltages on the supply mains is ignored.
2.4 Rated Input — The input under conditions of adequate heat
discharge or under normal load and at normal operating temperature,
assigned to the appliance by the manufacturer.
2.5 Rated Current — The current assigned to the appliance by the
manufacturer.
2.6 Rated Frequency — The frequency assigned to the appliance by the
manufacturer.
2.7 Rated Frequency Range — The frequency range assigned to the
appliance by the manufacturer, expressed by its lower and upper limits.
2.8 Rated Capacity for Appliances with a Liquid Container — A
quantity of liquid for which the appliance is designed.
2.9 Detachable Flexible Cable or Cord — A flexible cable or cord, for
supply or other purposes, intended to be connected to the appliance by
means of a suitable appliance coupler.
2.10 Power Supply Cord — A flexible cable or cord, for supply
purposes, fixed to, or assembled with the appliance according to one of the
following methods:
a) Type X attachment which denotes a method of attachment such that
the flexible cable or cord can easily be replaced, without the aid of
special purpose tools, by a flexible cable or cord not requiring any
special preparation.
b) Type M attachment which denotes a method of attachment such
that the flexible cable or cord can easily be replaced, without the aid

9
IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
of special purpose tools, by a special cable or cord with, for example,
a moulded-on cord guard or crimped terminations.
c) Type Y attachment which denotes a method of attachment such that
the flexible cable or cord can only be replaced with the aid of special
purpose tools normally available only to the manufacturer or his
agents.
NOTE — Type Y attachments may be used either with common flexible cables or
cords or with special cables or cords.
d) Type Z attachment which denotes a method of attachment such that
the flexible cable or cord cannot be replaced without breaking or
destroying a part of the appliance.
2.11 Supply Leads — A set of wires connected to the appliance in the
factory, intended for the connection to fixed wiring and accommodated in
a special junction box or compartment within, or attached to, the
appliance.
2.12 Basic Insulation — An insulation applied to live parts to provide
basic protection against electric shock.
NOTE 1 — Basic insulation does not necessarily include insulation used exclusively
for functional purposes.
NOTE 2 — The insulating properties of lacquer, enamel, ordinary paper, cotton,
oxide film on metal parts, beads and sealing compound shall not be relied upon to
give the required protection against accidental contact with live parts.
2.13 Supplementary Insulation — An independent insulation applied
in addition to the basic insulation, in order to ensure protection against
electric shock in the event of a failure of the basic insulation.
2.14 Double Insulation — An insulation comprising both basic
insulation and supplementary insulation.
2.15 Reinforced Insulation — A single insulation system applied to
live parts, which provides a degree of protection against electric shock
equivalent to double insulation under the conditions specified in this
standard.
NOTE — The term ‘insulation system’ does not imply that the insulation must be one
homogeneous piece. It may comprise several layers which cannot be tested singly as
supplementary or basic insulation.
2.16 Class I Appliance — An appliance in which protection against
electric shock does not rely on basic insulation only, but which includes an
additional safety precaution in that accessible conductive parts are
connected to the protective earthing conductor in the fixed wiring of the
installation in such a way that accessible conductive parts cannot become
live in the event of a failure of the basic insulation.
NOTE 1 — Class I appliances may have parts with double insulation or reinforced
insulation, or parts operating at safety extra-low voltage.

10
 IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
NOTE 2 — For appliances intended for use with a flexible cord or cable, this
provision includes a protective conductor as part of the flexible cord or cable.
2.17 Class II Appliance — An appliance in which protection against
electric shock does not rely on basic insulation only, but in which
additional safety precautions, such as double insulation or reinforced
insulation, are provided, there being no provision for protective earthing
or reliance upon installation conditions.
Such an appliance may be of one of the following types:
a) An appliance having a durable and substantially continuous
enclosure of insulating material which envelops all metal parts, with
the exception of small parts, such as name plates, screws and rivets,
which are isolated from live parts by insulation at least equivalent
to reinforced insulation; such an appliance is called an insulation-
encased Class II appliance.
b) An appliance having a substantially continuous metal enclosure, in
which double insulation is used throughout, except for those parts
where reinforced insulation is used, because the application of
double insulation is manifestly impracticable; such an appliance is
called a metal-encased Class II appliance.
c) An appliance which is a combination of the Types (a) and (b) above.
NOTE 1 — The enclosure of an insulation encased Class II appliance may form a
part or the whole of the supplementary insulation or of the reinforced insulation.
NOTE 2 — If an appliance with double insulation and/or reinforced insulation
throughout has an earthing terminal or earthing contact, it is considered to be of
Class I construction.
NOTE 3 — Class II appliances may have parts operating at safety extra-low voltage.
2.18 Class III Appliance — An appliance in which protection against
electric shock relies on supply at safety extra-low voltage and in which
voltages higher than those of safety extra-low voltage are not generated.
NOTE — Appliances intended to be operated at safety extra-low voltage and having
internal circuits which operate at a voltage other than safety extra-low voltage, are
not included in the classification and are subject to additional requirements; these
requirements are under consideration.
2.19 Extra-Low Voltage — A voltage supplied from a source within the
appliance and, when the appliance is operated at its rated voltage, not
exceeding 32 V between conductors and between conductors and earth or,
for three-phase supply, not exceeding 18.5 V between conductors and
neutral, the extra-low voltage circuit being separated from other circuits
by basic insulation only.
2.20 Low Voltage — A voltage not exceeding 250 V under normal
conditions.

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IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
2.21 Medium Voltage — A voltage exceeding 250 V but not exceeding
650 V under normal conditions.
2.22 Safety Extra-Low Voltage — A nominal voltage not exceeding
32 V between conductors and between conductors and earth or, for
three-phase supply, not exceeding 18.5 V between conductors and
neutral, the no-load voltage not exceeding 38 V and 22 V respectively.
NOTE 1 — When safety extra-low voltage is obtained from the supply mains, it must
be through a safety isolating transformer or a convertor with separate windings.
NOTE 2 — The voltage limits specified are based on the assumption that the safety
isolating transformer is operated at its rated supply voltage.
2.23 Safety Isolating Transformer — A transformer the input winding
of which is electrically separated from the output windings by an
insulation at least equivalent to double insulation or reinforced
insulation, and which is designed to supply a distribution circuit, an
appliance or other equipment at safety extra-low voltage.
2.24 Portable Appliance — Either an appliance which is moved while
in operation or an appliance which can easily be moved from one place to
another while connected to the supply.
2.25 Hand-Held Appliance — A portable appliance intended to be held
in the hand during normal use, the motor, if any, forming an integral part
of the appliance.
2.26 Stationary Appliance — Either a fixed appliance or an appliance
having a mass exceeding 18 kg and not provided with a carrying handle.
2.27 Fixed Appliance — An appliance which is fastened to a support or
otherwise secured in a specific situation.
2.28 Appliance for Building-In — An appliance intended to be
installed in a cupboard fitment or sink unit, in a prepared recess in a wall
or in a similar situation.
NOTE — In general, appliances for building-in do not have an enclosure on all sides,
because for some of the sides protection against electric shock is obtained after
installation.
2.29 Conditions of Adequate Heat Discharge — The conditions that
apply when a heating appliance is operated under normal conditions of
use.
2.30 Normal Load — The load to be applied to a motor-operated
appliance so that the stress imposed corresponds to that occurring under
normal conditions of use, any marking of short-time or intermittent
operation being observed and, unless otherwise specified, heating
elements, if any, being operated as in normal use.
2.31 Rated Operating Time — The operating time assigned to the
appliance by the maker.

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 IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
2.32 Continuous Operation — Operation under normal load or in
accordance with conditions of adequate heat discharge for an unlimited
period.
2.33 Short-Time Operation — Operation under normal load or in
accordance with conditions of adequate heat discharge for a specified
period, starting from cold, the intervals between each period of operation
being sufficient to allow the appliance to cool down approximately to room
temperature.
2.34 Intermittent Operation — Operation in a series of specified
identical cycles, each cycle being composed of a period of operation under
normal load or in accordance with conditions of adequate heat discharge,
followed by a rest period with the appliance running idle or switched off.
2.35 Non-detachable Part — A part which can only be removed with
the aid of a tool.
2.36 Detachable Part — A part which can be removed without the aid of
a tool.
2.37 Thermostat — A temperature-sensing device, the operating
temperature of which may be either fixed or adjustable and which, during
normal operation, keeps the temperature of an appliance, or of parts of it,
between certain limits by automatically opening and closing a circuit.
2.38 Temperature Limiter — A temperature-sensing device, the
operating temperature of which may be either fixed or adjustable and
which, during normal operation, operates by opening or closing a circuit
when the temperature of an appliance, or of parts of it, reaches a
predetermined value.
NOTE — It does not make the reverse operation during the normal duty cycle of the
appliance. It may or may not require manual resetting.
2.39 Thermal Cut-Out — A device which, during abnormal operation,
limits the temperature of an appliance, or of parts of it, by automatically
opening the circuit or by reducing the current, and which is so constructed
that its setting cannot be altered by the user.
2.40 Self-Resetting Thermal Cut-Out — A thermal cut-out which
automatically restores the current after the relevant part of the appliance
has cooled down sufficiently.
2.41 Non-Self-Resetting Thermal Cut-Out — A thermal cut-out which
requires resetting by hand, or replacement of a part, in order to restore
the current.
2.42 Tool — A screwdriver, a coin or any other object which may be used
to operate a screw or similar fixing means.

13
IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
2.43 Creepage Distance — The shortest path between two conductive
parts, or between a conductive part and the bounding surface of the
appliance, measured along the surface of the insulating material.
2.44 Clearance — The shortest distance between two conductive parts,
or between a conductive part and the bounding surface of the appliance,
measured through air.
NOTE — The bounding surface of the appliance is the outer surface of the enclosure,
considered as though metal foil were pressed into contact with accessible surfaces of
insulating material.
2.45 All-Pole Disconnection — For single-phase ac appliances and for
dc appliances, disconnection of both supply conductors by a single
switching action or, for appliances to be connected to more than two
supply conductors, disconnection of all supply conductors, except the
earthed (grounded) conductor, by a single switching action.
NOTE — The protective earthing conductor is not considered to be a supply
conductor.
2.46 Visibly Glowing Heating Element — A heating element which,
when the appliance is assembled ready for use, is partly or completely
visible from the outside of the appliance, and the temperature of which is
at least 650°C after the appliance has been operated in accordance with
conditions of adequate heat discharge until steady conditions have been
established, the supply voltage being such that the input is equal to the
minimum rated input.
NOTE — This definition is mainly intended for testing with test probes regarding
accessibility of live parts.
2.47 Accessible Parts or Accessible Surface — A live part or a live
surface which can be touched by means of the standard test finger shown
in Fig. 1.
2.48 Body — The term includes all accessible metal parts, shafts of
handles, knobs, grips and the like and metal foil in contact with all
accessible surfaces of insulating material; it does not include inaccessible
metal parts.
2.49 Steady State Condition — The steady state condition is
considered to have been reached when the difference between two
consecutive readings of temperature-rise over the ambient taken at half
an hour interval has not exceeded 1°C.
2.50 Type Tests — Tests carried out to prove conformity with the
requirements of the standard. These are intended to prove the general
qualities and design of a given type of appliance.
2.51 Acceptance Tests — Tests carried out on samples taken from a lot
for the purpose of acceptance of the lot.

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 IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979

FIG. 1 STANDARD TEST FINGER

2.52 Routine Tests — Tests carried out on each item to check the
essential requirements which are likely to vary during production.
3. GENERAL REQUIREMENT
3.1 Appliances shall be so designed and constructed that in normal use
they function safely so as to cause no danger to persons or surroundings,
even in the event of such careless use as may occur in normal service.
In general, compliance is checked by carrying out the relevant tests as
listed in Appendix A.

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IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
4. GENERAL NOTES ON TESTS
4.1 This standard covers various tests as well as methods of tests that are
in general applicable for all kinds of appliances. The individual appliance
specification will specify type, routine and acceptance tests relevant to the
appliance. A recommended sampling procedure for acceptance tests and
criteria for conformity is given in Appendix B for general guidance.
4.2 Unless otherwise specified, the tests are made on a single appliance
which shall withstand the relevant tests. However, tests of clauses 22 to
26 and 28 may be made on separate samples.
NOTE 1 — If it is evident from the design of the appliance that a particular test is
not applicable, that test is not made.
NOTE 2 — If the appliance is designed for different supply voltages, for both ac and
dc, for different speeds, etc, more than two sample may be required.
NOTE 3 — If the test of 11.10 is to be made, additional samples are required.
NOTE 4 — If it is necessary to dismantle a Class II appliance for the relevant tests,
one additional sample is required.
NOTE 5 — The testing of components may necessitate the submission of additional
samples of these components. When the submission of such samples is necessary,
they should be submitted together with the appliance.
4.3 Unless otherwise specified in the individual appliance standards, the
test may be carried out in the order of the clauses except that the
performance tests (clause 101 and subsequent clauses) shall be carried
out before the tests for endurance (clause 18) and abnormal operation
(clause 19).
NOTE 1 — Before testing is started, the appliance is operated at rated voltage in
order to verify that it is in working order.
NOTE 2 — In case the appliance with heating element(s) is taken from shelf and
subjected to leakage current and high voltage tests in isolation, the tests shall be
conducted after 10 minutes of operation.
4.4 The tests are carried out with the appliance, or any movable part of it,
placed in the most unfavourable position which may occur in normal use.
4.5 If the test results are influenced by the temperature of the ambient
air, the room temperature is, in general, maintained at 27 ± 5°C. If,
however, the temperature attained by any part is limited by a
temperature sensitive device, or is influenced by the temperature at
which a change of state occurs, for example, the temperature of boiling
water, the room temperature is, in case of doubt, maintained at 27 ± 2°C
and a relative humidity of 65 ± 5 percent.
4.6 Appliances for ac only are tested with ac, at rated frequency, if
marked. Those for dc only are tested with dc and those for ac/dc are tested
at the more unfavourable supply.

16
 IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
Appliances for ac which are not marked with rated frequency are tested
at 50 Hz.
Appliances marked with a rated frequency range shall be tested at the
most unfavourable frequency within the range.
Appliances designed for more than one rated voltage shall be tested at the
most unfavourable voltage.
Unless otherwise specified, appliances designed for one or more rated
voltage ranges are tested at the most unfavourable voltage within the
relevant range(s).
When it is specified, for motor-operated appliances marked with a rated
voltage range, that the supply voltage is equal to the rated voltage
multiplied by a factor, the supply voltage is equal to:
the upper limit of the rated voltage range multiplied by this factor, if
greater than 1; and
the lower limit of the rated voltage range multiplied by this factor, if
smaller than 1.
When testing appliances for dc only, the possible influence of polarity on
the operation of the appliance shall be taken into consideration.
NOTE 1 — Where reference is made to maximum or minimum rated input, the rated
input related to the upper limit or lower limit respectively of the rated voltage range
is meant.
NOTE 2 — If a heating appliance not incorporating a motor is designed for one rated
voltage range, the upper limit of the voltage range will be the most unfavourable
voltage within the range. If the appliance incorporates a motor or is designed for
more than one rated voltage or rated voltage range, it may be necessary to make
some of the tests at the minimum, the mean and the maximum values of the rated
voltage or the rated voltage range in order to establish the most unfavourable
voltage.
4.7 Appliances for which alternative heating elements or accessories are
available are tested with those elements or accessories which give the
most unfavourable results, provided that the elements or accessories used
are within the appliance manufacturer’s specification.
4.8 If, in normal use, the heating element cannot be operated unless the
motor is running, the element is tested with the motor running. If the
heating element can be operated without the motor running, the element
is tested with or without the motor running, whichever is more
unfavourable.
4.9 Appliances provided with a thermostat, a regulating device or a
similar control are tested with these controls adjusted to their most
unfavourable setting, if the setting can be altered by the user.

17
IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
NOTE — If the adjusting means of the control is accessible without the aid of a tool,
the provisions apply whether the setting can be altered by hand or with the aid of a
tool; if the adjusting means is not accessible without the aid of a tool, the provisions
apply only if the setting can be altered by hand.
Adequate sealing is regarded as preventing alteration of the setting by
the user.
4.10 Where appropriate, appliances for building-in are installed in
accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions for installation, as far as
these are in accordance with normal installation conditions.
4.11 Unless otherwise specified, appliances intended to be supplied by
means of a flexible cable or cord are tested with the appropriate flexible
cable or cord connected to the appliance. In case plug is not provided with
the flexible cable or cord, plug of appropriate rating shall be fitted for the
purpose of conducting the tests.
4.12 When, for heating appliances, it is specified that the appliance has to
be supplied at a voltage such that the input is greater than rated input,
this voltage applies only to heating elements without appreciable positive
temperature coefficient of resistance. For other heating elements, this
voltage is determined as follows:
First, the rated voltage is supplied until the heating element reaches
its operating temperature. The supply voltage is then rapidly increased
to the value necessary to give the input required for the relevant tests
and the test is made as specified, the value of the supply voltage being
maintained throughout the test.
NOTE — In general, the temperature coefficient is considered to be appreciable if, at
rated voltage, the input of the appliance in cold condition differs by more
than 25 percent from the input at operating temperature.
4.13 When, for motor-operated appliances, the conditions of normal load
are specified in individual appliance specification, the appliance is loaded
according to those conditions, irrespective of any marking of short-time or
intermittent operation, unless it is evident from the design of the
appliance that these conditions will not occur in normal use.
4.14 Class III appliances are tested together with their supply
transformers if they are sold with the appliances.
4.15 For the purpose of 8.6, 8.7, 16.4, 25.11, and 27.1, parts separated
from live parts by double insulation or reinforced insulation are not
regarded as likely to become live in the event of an insulation fault;
connection of accessible metal parts to an earthing terminal or earthing
contact does not remove the necessity for carrying out the relevant tests.
4.16 If Class I appliances have accessible metal parts which are not
connected to an earthing terminal or earthing contact, and are not
separated from live parts by an intermediate metal part which is
connected to an earthing terminal or earthing contact, such parts are
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 IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
checked for compliance with the appropriate requirements specified for
Class II appliances.
4.17 If Class I or Class II appliances have parts operating at safety extra-
low voltage, such parts are checked for compliance with the appropriate
requirements specified for Class III appliances.
4.18 Measuring Instruments
4.18.1 The measurement of voltage, current and power shall be carried
out with such instruments which do not themselves appreciably effect the
values to be measured.
4.18.2 The meters employed shall be of accuracy Class I or better
according to IS : 1248-1968*.
4.19 For appliances incorporating electronic circuits, see Appendix C.
5. RATING
5.1 Rated Voltage
5.1.1 For extra-low voltage appliances the preferred voltages shall be 6,
12, 24 and 32 V.
5.1.2 For appliances other than extra-low voltage the preferred rated
voltage shall be 240 V for single phase and 415 V for three-phase;
however, 230 V and 400 V for single-phase and three-phase respectively
are also permitted for the time being ( see 0.4 and 0.5 of IS : 585-1962†).
For special applications the voltage rating may be as agreed between the
purchaser and the manufacturer.
5.2 Rated Input
5.2.1 For Heating and Cooking Appliances — The rating in watts for
heating and cooking appliances should preferably be chosen from the
following figures:
5
10
25 250 1 500
50 450 2 000
75 500 2 500
100 750 3 000
125 1 000 4 000
150 1 250 5 000
5.2.2 For Motor-Operated Appliances
5.2.2.1 The preferred ratings for motor-operated appliances employing
only motors shall be as follows:
12, 18, 25, 40, 60, 90, 120, 180, 250, 370, 550 and 750 W.

*Specification for direct acting electrical indicating instruments ( first revision ).

†Voltages and frequency for ac transmission and distribution systems ( revised ).
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IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
5.2.2.2 For motor-operated appliances, incorporating heating elements
also — The rating of motor-operated appliances incorporating heating
elements also shall be as declared by the manufacturer.
NOTE — In case of motor-operated appliances incorporating heating elements the
individual rating of the heating element and the motor shall be chosen from the
values given under 5.2.1 and 5.2.2.
5.2.3 In case the rating of the appliance be it either motor operated or
heating and cooking appliance is more than 3 kW and a number of
appliances are to be used at the same time, it is recommended to operate
them on multi-phase supply.
6. CLASSIFICATION
6.1 Appliances are classified:
a) according to protection against electric shock:
1) Class I appliances,
2) Class II appliances, and
3) Class III appliances.
b) according to degree of protection against moisture:
1) ordinary appliances,
2) drip-proof appliances,
3) splash-proof appliances, and
4) watertight appliances.
NOTE 1 — The class numbers are not intended to reflect the safety level of the
appliances, but only the means by which the safety is obtained.
NOTE 2 — If Class III appliances are sold with a separate safety isolating
transformer for their supply from the mains, their classification is not altered.
NOTE 3 — In 22.1 and 22.2 requirements with regard to the classification of the
appliances are given.

7. MARKING
7.1 Appliances shall be marked with:
a) rated voltage(s) or rated voltage range(s), in volts, optional for
appliances with detachable heating elements only;
b) symbol for nature of supply, if applicable;
c) rated frequency or rated frequency range, in Hz, unless the
appliance is designed for dc only or for ac of both 50 Hz and 60 Hz;
d) rated input in watts or kilowatts or rated current in amperes;
e) maker’s or responsible vendor’s name, trade-mark or identification
mark;
f) maker’s model or type reference;

20
 IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
g) rated operating time, or rated operating time and rated resting time,
in hours, minutes or seconds, in case of appliances for short time or
intermittent operation;
h) symbol for Class II construction, for Class II appliances only;
j) symbol for degree of protection against moisture, if applicable; and
k) country of origin.
In addition, motors with windings insulated with Class B, Class F or
Class H material only shall be marked with the class designation of their
winding insulation.
Stationary appliances for multiple supply shall be marked with the
substance of the following WARNING:
‘BEFORE OBTAINING ACCESS TO TERMINAL DEVICES, ALL
SUPPLY CIRCUITS MUST BE INTERRUPTED.’
This warning shall be visible when approaching any live part that might
be touched during routine servicing.
NOTE 1 — Appliances for star-delta connection must be clearly marked with the two
rated voltage (for example, 240 Y/415 ∆).
NOTE 2 — The rated input or rated current is the total maximum input or current of
the circuits that can be in operation simultaneously.
NOTE 3 — If an appliance has alternative components which can be selected by a
control device, the rated input is that corresponding to the highest loading possible.
NOTE 4 — Additional markings are allowed, provided they do not give rise to
misunderstanding.
NOTE 5 — If the motor of an appliance is marked separately, the marking of the
appliance and that of the motor must be such that there can be no doubt with regard
to the rating and manufacturer of the appliance itself.
7.2 Detachable heating elements shall be marked either on the heating
element or on wrapper/carton covering the heating element and the
instructions leaflet with the following information:
a) Rated voltage(s) or rated voltage range(s) in volts;
b) Rated input in watts or kilowatts, if greater than 25 W;
c) Manufacturer’s name or responsible vendor’s name, trade-mark or
identification mark;
d) Manufacturer’s model or type reference; and
e) Symbol for degree of protection against moisture, if applicable.
7.3 If the appliance can be adjusted to suit different rated voltages or
different rated inputs, the voltage or input to which the appliance is
adjusted shall be easily and clearly discernible.

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IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
7.3.1 This requirement does not apply to appliances for star-delta
connection.
NOTE — For appliances where frequent changes in voltage setting are not required,
the requirement is considered to be met if the rated voltage or the rated input to
which the appliance is adjusted, can be determined from a wiring diagram fixed to
the appliance; the wiring diagram may be on the inside of a cover which has to be
removed to connect the supply conductors. The diagram may be on a card which is
riveted to the cover, or on a paper or similar label secured to the cover by an
adhesive but it must not be on a label loosely attached to the appliance.
7.4 For appliances or detachable heating elements marked with more
than one rated voltage or rated voltage range, the rated input for each of
these voltages or ranges shall be marked, if greater than 25 W.
The upper and lower limits of the rated input shall be marked on the
appliance or detachable heating element so that the relation between
input and voltage appears distinctly unless the difference between the
limits of a rated voltage range does not exceed 10 percent of the mean
value of the range in which case the marking for rated input may be
related to the mean value of the range.
If the input of the appliance or detachable heating element in cold
condition differs by more than 25 percent from the input at operating
temperature, the input in cold condition shall be marked in addition, and
shall be placed in brackets after the marking of the input at operating
temperature.
7.5 When symbols are used, they shall be as follows:
V volts
A amperes
Hz hertz
W watts
kW kilowatts
µF microfarads
l litres
kg kilograms
N/cm2 newtons per square centimetre
Pa pascals
h hours
min minutes
s seconds
alternating current
three-phase alternating current
three-phase alternating current
with neutral

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 IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979

direct current
rated current of the appropriate
fuse-link

time-lag D-type fuse-link

time-lag miniature fuse-link

time-lag D-type fuse-link

Class II construction

(one drop) drip-proof construction

(one drop in a
splash-proof construction
triangle)

(two drops) watertight construction.

The symbol for nature of supply shall be placed next to the marking for
rated voltage.
The dimensions of the symbol for Class II construction shall be such that
the length of the sides of the outer square is about twice the length of the
sides of the inner square. The length of the sides of the outer square shall
not be less than 5 mm, unless the largest dimension of the appliance does
not exceed 15 cm, in which case the dimensions of the symbol may be
reduced, but the length of the sides of the outer square shall not be less
than 3 mm.
The symbol for Class II construction shall be so placed that it will be
obvious that it is a part of the technical information and is unlikely to be
confused with any other marking.
7.6 Terminals intended exclusively for the neutral conductor shall be
indicated by the letter ‘N’.
Earthing terminals shall be indicated by the symbol
These indications shall not be placed on screws, removable washers or
other parts which might be removed when conductors are being
connected.

23
IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
7.7 If for single phase Class I appliances intended to be permanently
connected to fixed wiring, if a single pole switch or a single pole protection
device is inserted in the phase conductor inside the appliance, the
corresponding terminal shall be clearly indicated so that the correct
connection to the supply can be made while installation.
7.8 Appliances to be connected to more than two supply conductors and
appliances for multiple supply shall be provided with a connection
diagram, fixed to the appliance, unless the correct mode of connection is
obvious.
NOTE 1 — The correct mode of connection is considered to be obvious if for
three-phase appliances the terminals for the supply conductors are indicated by
arrows pointing towards the terminals. The earthing conductor is not a supply
conductor. For appliances for star-delta connection, the connection diagram shall
show how the windings are to be connected.
NOTE 2 — Marking in words is an acceptable means of indicating the correct mode
of connection.
NOTE 3 — The connection diagram may be the wiring diagram referred to in 7.3.
7.9 Unless it is obviously unnecessary, switches the operation of which
might cause a hazard shall be marked or placed so as to indicate clearly
which part of the appliance they control.
Indications used for this purpose shall, wherever practicable, be
comprehensible without a knowledge of languages, relevant standards,
etc.
7.10 The different positions of regulating devices and the different
positions of switches on stationary appliances shall be indicated by
figures, letters or other visual means.
If figures are used for indicating the different positions, the ‘off’ position
shall be indicated by the figure ‘0’ and the position for a greater output,
input, speed, cooling effect, etc, shall be indicated by a higher figure.
The figure ‘0’ shall not be used for any other indication.
7.11 Thermostats, regulating devices and the like, intended to be
adjusted during installation or in normal use, shall be provided with an
indication for the direction of adjustment to increase or to decrease the
value of the characteristic being adjusted.
NOTE — An indication of + and – is considered to be sufficient.
7.12 If it is necessary to take special precautions when installing or using
the appliance, details of these shall be given in an instruction sheet which
accompanies the appliance. If a stationary appliance is not provided with
a non-detachable flexible cable or cord and a plug, or with other means for
disconnection from the supply, having a contact separation of at
least 3 mm in all poles, the instruction sheet shall state that such means
for disconnection shall be incorporated in the fixed wiring.
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 IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
Special precautions may be necessary, for example, for appliances for
building-in.
In order to ensure that, after building-in, the conditions necessary to meet
the requirements of this standard are achieved, the instruction sheet for
appliances for building-in should include clear information with regard to
the following:
a) Dimensions of the space to be provided for the appliance;
b) Dimensions and position of the means for supporting and fixing the
appliance within this space;
c) Minimum clearances between the various parts of the appliance and
the surrounding parts of the fitment;
d) Minimum dimensions of ventilating openings and their correct
arrangements; and
e) Connection of the appliance to the supply and the interconnection of
separate components, if any.
NOTE 1 — Means for disconnection having the required contact separation are
switches other than those of micro-gap construction, miniature circuit-breakers and
contactors.
NOTE 2 — If the supply wires of an appliance can come into contact with parts of a
terminal block or compartment for fixed wiring and these parts have, under
conditions of normal use, a temperature such that the insulation of the wire is
subjected to a temperature rise exceeding that specified in the table of 11.8, the
instruction sheet shall also state that the appliance must be connected by means of
wires having appropriate ‘T’ marking.
For appliances with type Z attachments, the instruction sheet shall
contain the substance of the following information:
‘The supply cord of this appliance cannot be replaced; if the cord is
damaged, the appliance should be discarded.’
7.13 Where symbols are used, they shall be those indicated in this
standard. Compliance with the requirements of 7.1 to 7.13 is checked by
inspection.
7.14 Marking required by this standard shall be easily legible and
durable.
Marking specified in 7.1 to 7.5 shall be on a main part of the appliance or
detachable heating element.
The marking of fixed appliances shall be clearly discernible from the
outside after the appliance has been fixed as in normal use, but, if
necessary, after removal of a cover.
The marking of other appliances shall be clearly discernible from the
outside, if necessary after removal of a cover; for portable appliances, the
removal of this cover shall not require the use of a tool.

25
IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
For stationary appliances, the marking shall be beneath a cover only if it
is near to the terminals for external conductors.
Marking on detachable heating elements shall be clearly discernible when
the element is removed from the appliance.
Marking on, and indications for, switches, thermostats, thermal cut-outs
and other control devices shall be placed in the vicinity of these
components; they shall not be placed on removable parts if these parts
can be replaced in such a way that the marking is misleading.
Compliance is checked by inspection and by rubbing the marking by hand
for 15 seconds with a piece of cloth soaked with water and again for 15
seconds with a piece of cloth soaked with petroleum spirit.
After all the tests of this standard, the marking shall be easily legible, it
shall not be easily possible to remove marking plates and they shall show
no curling.
NOTE — A revision of the test for checking the durability of the marking is under
consideration.
In considering the durability of the marking, the effect of normal use is
taken into account. Thus, for example, marking by means of paint or
enamel other than vitreous enamel on containers that are likely to be
cleaned frequently is not considered to be durable.
8. PROTECTION AGAINST ELECTRIC SHOCK
8.1 Appliances shall be so constructed and enclosed that there is adequate
protection against accidental contact with live parts and, for Class II
appliances, with metal parts separated from live parts by basic insulation
only. This requirement applies for all positions of the appliance when it is
wired and operated as in normal use, even after opening of lids and doors
and removal of detachable parts, except for lamps located behind a
detachable cover, provided the appliance can be isolated from the supply
by means of a plug or an all-pole switch, the ‘off’ position of which is
clearly indicated. During the insertion or removal of lamps, protection
against accidental contact with live parts of the lamp cap shall also be
ensured.
The insulating properties of lacquer, enamel, ordinary paper, cotton,
oxide film on metal parts, beads and sealing compound shall not be relied
upon to give the required protection against accidental contact with live
parts.
The enclosure of the appliance shall have no openings other than those
necessary for the use and working of the appliance, giving access to live
parts and, for Class II appliances, to parts separated from live parts by
basic insulation only.

26
 IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
NOTE 1 — Unless otherwise specified, parts operating at safety extra-low voltage
not exceeding 18.5 V are not considered to be live parts.
NOTE 2 — If a manufacturer instructs the user to remove a part during normal
operation or user maintenance, that part is regarded as a detachable part even if a
tool has to be used for its removal.
NOTE 3 — This requirement does not permit the use of screw-type fuses, and screw-
type miniature circuit-breakers if they are accessible without the aid of a tool. It
implies that sockets used as terminal device for detachable heating elements must
be so designed as to prevent accidental contact with live parts when the heating
element has been removed.
NOTE 4 — Self-hardening resins are not regarded as scaling compound.

Compliance is checked by inspection and, except as specified hereafter for

visibly glowing heating elements and parts supporting such elements, by
a test with the standard test finger shown in Fig. 1.
In addition, apertures in Class II appliances and apertures in Class I
appliances, other than those in metal parts connected to an earthing
terminal or earthing contact and those giving access to lamp caps or to
live parts in socket outlets, are tested with the test pin shown in Fig. 2.
The test finger and the test pin are applied, without appreciable force, in
every possible position, except that appliances normally used on the floor
and having a mass exceeding 40 kg are not tilted.
Appliances for wall-mounting and appliances for building-in are tested as
delivered.
An appliance designed as a single appliance but delivered as a number of
units is tested after assembly.
For appliances provided with movable devices, such as those intended for
varying the heat distribution or the tension of belts, the test is made with
the devices adjusted to their most unfavourable position within their
range of adjustment.
Apertures preventing the entry of the finger are further tested by means
of a straight unjointed test finger of the same dimensions, which is
applied with a force of 20 N; if this finger enters, the test with the finger
shown in Fig. 1. is repeated, the finger being introduced through the
aperture. If the unjointed test finger does not enter, the force applied is
increased to 30 N. If then the guard is so displaced or the aperture so
distorted that the test finger shown in Fig. 1 can be inserted without
force, the test with the latter finger is repeated. An electrical contact
indicator is used to show contact.

27
IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979

FIG. 2 TEST PIN

It shall not be possible to touch bare live parts or live parts protected by
lacquer, enamel, ordinary paper, cotton, oxide film, beads or sealing
compound only, with the test finger. In addition, it shall not be possible to
touch bare live parts with the test pin when testing apertures as indicated
above. For Class II appliances it shall not be possible to touch metal parts,
separated from live parts by basic insulation only, with the test finger
shown in Fig. 1.
For appliances other than those of Class II, the test for live parts of visibly
glowing heating elements all poles of which can be disconnected by a
single switching action, and for parts supporting such elements, provided
that it is obvious from the outside of the appliance, without removing
covers and the like, that these parts are in contact with the element, is
made with the test probe shown in Fig. 3, instead of the test finger, the
probe being applied without appreciable force. It shall not be possible to
touch live parts with this probe.
NOTE 1 — The standard test finger must be so designed that each of the jointed
sections can be turned through an angle of 90° with respect to the axis of the finger
in the same direction only.
NOTE 2 — It is recommended that a lamp be used for the indication of contact with
live parts and the voltage rating of the lamp shall be in the range of 40 to 75 volts.
NOTE 3 — The fact that appliances for wall-mounting and appliances for building- in
are tested as delivered does not imply that such appliances must be completely
enclosed; the functional insulation of wiring in appliances other than those of
Class II may give the required protection against electric shock, provided it is
adequately protected or enclosed after installation of the appliance.
8.2 For appliances for skin or hair treatment other than those of Class III
having a rated voltage not exceeding 18.5 V, metal parts which are in

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 IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979

FIG. 3 TEST PROBE

contact with skin or hair of persons or animals in normal use shall be
separated from live parts by double insulation or reinforced insulation
and shall not be earthed.
Compliance is checked by inspection and by the tests specified for double
insulation and reinforced insulation.
8.3 For appliances other than those of Class III, flexible shafts which are
handled or actuated in normal use shall be insulated from the motor
shafts by suitable couplings of insulating material.
Compliance is checked by inspection and by the tests specified for
supplementary insulation.
8.4 Conducting liquids which are or may become accessible in normal use
shall not be in direct contact with live parts other than those operating at
safety extra-low voltages not exceeding 18.5 V.
For Class II appliances, such liquids shall not be in direct contact with
basic insulation or with metal parts insulated from live parts by basic
insulation only.
8.5 Shafts of operating knobs, handles, levers and the like shall not be
live.
Compliance with the requirements of 8.4 and 8.5 is checked by inspection.
8.6 For appliances other than those of Class III, handles, levers and knobs
which are held or actuated in normal use shall not become live in the
event of an insulation fault. If these handles, levers or knobs are of metal
and if their shaft or fixings are likely to become live in the event of an
insulation fault, they shall either be adequately covered by insulating
material or their accessible parts shall be separated from their shafts or
fixings by supplementary insulation.
For stationary appliances, this requirement does not apply to handles,
levers and knobs, other than those of electrical components, provided they
are either reliably connected to an earthing terminal or earthing contact,
or separated from live parts by earthed metal.

29
IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
Compliance is checked by inspection and if necessary by the tests
specified for supplementary insulation.
8.7 For appliances other than those of Class III, handles which, in normal
use, are continuously held in the hand shall be so constructed that when
gripped as in normal use, contact between the operator’s hand and metal
parts which may become live in the event of an insulation fault is
unlikely.
Compliance is checked by inspection and by manual test.
8.8 For Class II appliances, capacitors shall not be connected to accessible
metal parts, and their casing, if of metal, shall be separated from
accessible metal parts by supplementary insulation.
Compliance is checked by inspection and by the tests specified for
supplementary insulation.
8.9 Appliances intended to be connected to the supply by means of a plug
shall be so designed that in normal use there is no risk of electric shock
from charged capacitors when touching the pins of the plug.
Compliance is checked by the following test, which is made ten times:
The appliance is operated at rated voltage or at the upper limit of the
rated voltage range.
The appliance switch, if any, is then moved to the ‘off’ position and the
appliance is disconnected from the supply by means of the plug.
One second after disconnection, the voltage between the pins of the
plug is measured with an instrument which does not appreciably affect
the value to be measured.
This voltage shall not exceed 30 V.
NOTE — Capacitors having a rated capacitance not exceeding 0.1 µF are not
considered to entail a risk of electric shock.

9. STARTING OF MOTOR-OPERATED APPLIANCES

9.1 Motors shall start under all normal voltage conditions which may
occur in use.
Centrifugal and other automatic starting switches shall operate reliably
and without contact chattering.
Motors to be started by hand shall cause no danger if they are started in
the wrong direction.
Compliance is checked by starting the appliance three times at a voltage
equal to 0.85 times the rated voltage, the appliance being at room
temperature at the beginning of the test.
The motor is started each time under the conditions occurring at the
beginning of normal operation or, for automatic appliances, at the
beginning of the normal cycle of operation, the motor being allowed to
come to rest between successive starts.
30
 IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
For appliances provided with motors having other than centrifugal
starting switches, this test is repeated at a voltage equal to 1.06 times the
rated voltage. Motors to be started by hand are started in the correct
direction and, if possible, in the wrong direction.
In all cases, the appliance shall function in such a way that safety is not
affected.
NOTE — The supply source must be such that during the test the drop in voltage
does not exceed 1 percent.
9.2 The starting current shall not blow a quick-acting fuse-link having a
rated current:
a) according to the marking, if the rated current of the appropriate
fuse-link is marked on the appliance;
b) equal to the rated current of the appliance, with a minimum of 10 A
for appliances having a rated voltage exceeding 130 V and 16 A for
appliances having a rated voltage of 130 V and less, if the rated
current of the appropriate fuse is not marked on the appliance.
Compliance is checked by the following test:
The appliance is connected in series with a silver wire having a length of
85 mm and a diameter as shown in the following table:
Rated Current of Fuse Diameter of Silver Wire
(mm)



















A Starting time not exceed- Starting time exceed-
ing 1 second ing 1 second
10 0.29 0.39
16 0.39 0.52
20 0.46 0.60
25 0.53 0.66
The wire has a silver content not less than 99.9 percent, and is stretched
horizontally along the centre line of a box with inside dimensions of
80 × 80 × 150 mm.
The appliance is so loaded that the conditions for starting are the most
unfavourable encountered in normal use. Heating elements incorporated
in the appliance are operated, but are not connected to a separate supply.
The appliance is then started 10 times at a voltage equal to 0.9 times the
rated voltage and 10 times at a voltage equal to 1.1 times the rated
voltage. The interval between consecutive starts is made sufficiently long
to prevent undue heating, and not less than 5 minutes.
During the test, the silver wire shall not melt and neither shall any
overload protection device operate.
NOTE 1 — The supply source must be such that during the test the drop in voltage
does not exceed 1 percent.

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IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
NOTE 2 — Revision of this test is under consideration.
9.3 Overload protection devices shall not operate under normal starting
conditions.
Compliance is checked during the test of 9.2.
10. INPUT AND CURRENT
10.1 The input of the appliance and of detachable heating elements, at
rated voltage and at normal operating temperature, shall not deviate
from the rated input by more than the deviation shown in the following
table:
Type Rated Input Deviation
W
Heating appliance ± 10 percent
Motor-operated appliance Up to and including 33.3 + 10 W
Over 33.3 up to and including + 30 percent
150
Over 150 up to and including + 45 W
300
Over 300 + 15 percent
Compliance is checked by measuring the input of the appliance or
detachable heating element, operated at rated voltage and in accordance
with conditions of adequate heat discharge and/or under normal load,
when the input has stabilized. If the motor load varies throughout the
operating cycle, the input is measured by means of a watt-hour meter,
and is determined as the mean value of the input occurring during a
representative period.
NOTE 1 — For motor-operated appliances, the negative deviation is not limited.
NOTE 2 — For appliances and detachable heating elements marked with a rated
voltage range having limits differing by more than 10 percent of the mean value of
the range, the permissible deviations apply for both limits of the range.
10.2 If a motor-operated appliance is marked with rated current, the
current taken by the appliance shall not exceed the rated current by more
than 10 percent.
Compliance is checked by measuring the current taken by the appliance
operating under normal load, rated voltage and rated frequency.
10.3 If a heating appliance or detachable heating element has a marking
for the input in cold condition, this shall not differ by more
than 20 percent from the marked value.
Compliance is checked by inspection and by measurement.
NOTE — For appliances and detachable heating elements marked with one or more
rated voltage ranges, the tests of 10.1 to 10.3 are made at both the upper and lower

32
 IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
limits of the ranges, unless the marking of the rated input is related to the mean
value of the relevant voltage range, in which case the tests are made at a voltage
equal to the mean value of that range.

11. TEMPERATURE-RISE
11.1 Appliances and their surroundings shall not attain excessive
temperatures in normal use.
Compliance is checked by determining the temperature rise of the various
parts under the conditions specified in 11.2 to 11.7.
11.2 Hand-held appliances are suspended in their normal position, in still
air.
Appliances for building-in are built in dull-black painted plywood walls of
about 20 mm thickness.
Other heating appliances are placed in a test corner. The test corner
consists of two walls at right angles, a floor and, if necessary, a ceiling, all
of dull-black painted plywood having a thickness of 20 mm. The appliance
is positioned in the test corner as follows:
a) Appliances normally used on the floor or table are placed on the floor
of the test corner at a distance of about 15 cm from the walls of the
test corner.
NOTE — This distance includes the natural projections such as hooks, bolts,
appliance inlets, etc, of the appliance.
b) Appliances normally fixed to a wall are mounted on one of the walls,
as near to the other wall and to the floor or ceiling as is likely to
occur in normal use, unless the manufacturer has given other
instructions concerning their installation.
c) Appliances normally fixed to a ceiling are fixed to the ceiling as near
to the walls as is likely to occur in normal use, provided the
manufacturer has not given special instructions concerning their
installation.
d) Heating element and other similar appliances shall be placed in the
test corner in such a way that their major axis are parallel to the
floor of the test corner. These shall be place in such a manner that
the distance of the heating element/appliances is about 15 cm from
the two walls and floor of the test corner. For this purpose, the
heating element/appliance can be suspended in the test corner so
that there is no significant obstruction to the heat radiated by the
sample under test.
Other motor-operated appliances are placed on, or fixed to, a support of
dull-black painted plywood having a thickness of 20 mm, as follows:
a) Appliances normally used on a floor or a table are placed on a
horizontal support.

33
IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
b) Appliances normally fixed to a wall are mounted on a vertical
support.
c) Appliances normally fixed to a ceiling are fixed to the underside of a
horizontal support.
11.3 Temperature-rises other than those of windings are determined by
means of fine-wire thermocouples so chosen and positioned that they have
the minimum effect on the temperature of the part under test.
Thermometers may also be used wherever feasible ( see Appendix D ).
Thermocouples used for determining the temperature-rise of the surface
of walls, ceiling and floor are embedded in the surface or attached to the
back of small blackened disks of copper or brass, 15 mm in diameter and 1
mm thick, which are flush with the surface.
So far as is possible, the appliance is positioned so that parts likely to
attain the highest temperatures touch the disks.
In determining the temperature-rises of handles, knobs, grips and the
like, consideration is given to all parts which are gripped in normal use
and, if of insulating material, to parts in contact with hot metal.
The temperature-rise of electrical insulation, other than that of windings,
is determined on the surface of the insulation, at places where failure
could cause a short circuit, contact between live parts and accessible
metal parts bridging of insulation or reduction of creepage distances or
clearances below the values specified in 29.1.
Temperature-rises of windings are determined by the resistance method
unless the windings are non-uniform or it involves severe complications to
make the necessary connections, in which case the temperature-rise is
determined by means of thermocouples.
NOTE 1 — If it is necessary to dismantle the appliance to position thermocouples,
the input is measured again to cheek that the appliance has been correctly
reassembled.
NOTE 2 — The point of separation of the cores of a multicore cable or cord and where
insulated wires enter lampholders are examples of places where thermocouples are
positioned.
11.4 Heating appliances are operated in accordance with conditions of
adequate heat discharge, with all heating elements in circuit, the supply
voltage being such that the input is 1.15 times the maximum rated input.
11.5 Motor-operated appliances are operated under normal load and at
the most unfavourable voltage between 0.94 times the minimum rated
voltage and 1.06 times the maximum rated voltage.
11.6 For combined appliances, when the motors are operated at a voltage
equal to 1.06 times the maximum rated voltage, the input to the heating
elements is as specified in 11.4. When the motors are operated at a

34
 IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
voltage equal to 0.94 times the minimum rated voltage, the input to the
heating elements is reduced to 0.90 times the minimum rated input.
NOTE — If it is necessary to make the test at an intermediate voltage, the input of
the heating elements is adjusted proportionately.
11.7 The appliance is operated:
a) for the rated operating time for appliances for short-time operation;
b) on consecutive cycles of operation, until steady conditions are
established, for appliances for intermittent operation, the ‘on’ and
‘off’ periods being the rated ‘on’ and ‘off’ periods;
c) until steady conditions are established for appliances for continuous
operation.
11.8 During the test, thermal cut-outs shall not operate, the
temperature-rises are to be monitored continuously and shall not exceed
the values shown in Table 1 and sealing compound, if any, shall not flow
out.
For appliances which are not subjected to the test of 12, the
measurements specified in 13.1 are made at the end of this test.
The values in the table are based on an ambient temperature not
normally exceeding 40°C but occasionally reaching 50°C. However, the
temperature-rise values specified are based on 40°C.
The value of the temperature-rise of a copper winding is calculated from
the formula:
R 2 – R1
t = -------------------- ( k + t 1 ) – ( t 2 – t1 )
R1

where
t is the temperature-rise
R1 is the resistance at the beginning of the test
R2 is the resistance at the end of the test
t1 is the room temperature at the beginning of the test
t2 is the room temperature at the end of the test
k is equal to 234.5 for copper winding and 225 for aluminium winding

At the beginning of the test, the windings shall be at room temperature.

It is recommended that the resistance of windings at the end of the test be
determined by taking resistance measurements as soon as possible after
switching off, and then at short intervals so that a curve of resistance
against time can be plotted for ascertaining the resistance at the instant
of switching off.

35
IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979

TABLE 1 TEMPERATURE-RISE
PARTS TEMPERATURE RISE
Windings*, if the winding insulation is: °C
of Class A material† 60 (50)
of Class E material† 75 (65)
of Class B material† 80 (70)
of Class F material† 100
of Class H material† 125
Pins of appliance inlets:
for hot conditions 115
for cold conditions 25
Terminals, including earthing terminals, for external conductors
of stationary appliances, unless they are provided with a
power supply cord 45
Terminals or terminations for type M, type Y or type Z
attachments:
for power supply cords without T-marking 20
for power supply cords with T-marking T—40
* To allow for the fact that the temperature of windings of universal motors, relays,
solenoids etc, is usually below the average at the points where thermocouples are
placed, the figures without parentheses apply when the resistance method is used and
those within parentheses apply when thermocouples are used. For windings of vibrator
coils and ac motors, the figures outside parentheses apply in both cases.
†The classification is in accordance with IS : 1271-1958 Classification of insulating
materials for electrical machinery and apparatus in relation to their thermal stability
in service.
Examples of Class A material are:
impregnated cotton, silk, artificial silk and paper;
enamels based on oleo or polyamide resins.
Examples of Class B material are:
asbestos, glass fibre, melamine formaldehyde and phenol formaldehyde resins.
Examples of Class E material are:
mouldings with cellulose fillers, cotton fabric laminates and paper laminates,
bonded with melamine-formaldehyde, phenol-formaldehyde or phenol-furfural
resins;
cross-linked polyester resins, cellulose triacetate films, polyethylene
terephthalate films;
varnished polyethylene terephthalate textile bonded with oil-modified alkyd
resin varnish;
enamels based on polyvinylformal, polyurethane or epoxy resins.
For materials claimed to be of Class E, the tests of 11.10 are always made when the
temperature rise of the windings exceeds 75°C and when there is doubt with regard to
the classification of the winding insulation.
More extensive accelerated temperature tests and, in addition, compatibility testing is
required for insulation systems of Class B and higher temperature classes.
A totally enclosed motor is a motor so constructed that the circulation of the air between
the inside and the outside of the case is prevented but not necessarily sufficiently
enclosed to be called airtight.
( Continued )

36
 IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979

TABLE 1 TEMPERATURE-RISE — Contd

PARTS TEMPERATURE RISE
Ambient of switches and thermostats:*
without T-marking 15
with T-marking T—40
Rubber or polyvinyl chloride insulation of internal and external
wiring including power supply cords:
without T-marking 35
with T-marking T—40
Cord sheaths used as supplementary insulation 20
Rubber, other than synthetic, used for gaskets or other parts,
the deterioration of which could affect safety:
when used as supplementary insulation or as reinforced 25
insulation
in other cases 35
Lampholders E 26 and E 27:
metal or ceramic type 145
insulated type, other than ceramic 105
Lampholders E 14, B 15 and B 22:
metal or ceramic type 115
insulated type, other than ceramic 75
with T-marking T—40
Material used as insulation other than that specified for wires
and windings:†
Impregnated or varnished textile, paper or press board 55
Laminates bonded with:
melamine-formaldehyde, phenol-formaldehyde or
phenol-furfural
resins 70 (160)
urea-formaldehyde resin 50 (135)
Mouldings of:
phenol-formaldehyde with cellulose fillers 70 (160)
phenol-formaldehyde with mineral fillers 85 (185)
melamine-formaldehyde 60 (135)
urea-formaldehyde 50 (135)
Polyester with glass-fibre reinforcement 95
Silicone rubber 130
Polytetrafluoroethylene 250
*T signifies the maximum operating temperature. For the purpose of this test,
switches and thermostats marked with individual ratings may be considered as having
no marking for the maximum operating temperature, if requested by the appliance
manufacturer.
†The values in parentheses apply, if the material is used for handles, knobs, grips
and the like and is in contact with hot metal.
( Continued )
37
IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
TABLE 1 TEMPERATURE-RISE — Contd
PARTS TEMPERATURE RISE
Pure mica and tightly sintered ceramic material, when such
materials are used as supplementary insulation or
reinforced insulation 385
Thermoplastic material* —
Wood, in general† 50
wooden supports, walls, ceiling and floor of the test corner
and wood cabinets:
stationary appliances specifically mentioned in individual
appliance specification as liable to be operated
continuously for long periods 45
other appliances 50
Outer surface of capacitors:
with marking of maximum operating temperature (T) T—50
without marking of maximum operating temperature:
small ceramic capacitors for radio and television
interference suppression 35
other capacitors 5
External enclosure of appliances without heating elements,
except handles held in normal use 45
Handles, knobs, grips and the like which, in normal use, are
continuously held (e.g. of soldering irons):
of metal 15
of porcelain or vitreous material 25
of moulded material, rubber or wood 35
Handles, knobs, grips and the like which, in normal use, are
held for short periods only (e.g. of switches):
of metal 20
of porcelain or vitreous material 30
of moulded material, rubber or wood 45
Parts in contact with oil having a flash-point of t°C t—50
Any point where the insulation of wires can come into contact
with parts of a terminal block or compartment for fixed
wiring of a stationary appliance not provided with a power
supply cord:
where the instructions sheet requires supply of wire with
T-marking T—40
in other cases 35
NOTE — If these or other materials are used, they shall not be subjected to
temperatures in excess of the thermal capabilities as determined by ageing tests
made on the materials themselves.
* There is no specific limit for thermoplastic material which must withstand the
tests of 30.1 or 30.2, for which purpose the temperature rise must be determined.
† The limit specified concerns the deterioration of wood and it does not take into
account deterioration of surface finishes.

38
 IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
11.9 For appliances provided with an automatic cord real, one-third of the
total length of the cable or cord is unreeled. The temperature-rise of the
rubber or ployvinyl chloride insulation is then determined as near as
possible to the hub of the reel and between the two outermost layers of the
cable or cord on the reel.
The temperature-rise of insulation shall not exceed the values specified in
Table 1 and the temperature rise of the slide contact of the reel shall not
exceed 65°C.
11.10 Accelerated ageing tests on insulating systems of motor windings
are under consideration.
12. OPERATION UNDER OVERLOAD CONDITIONS OF
APPLIANCES WITH HEATING ELEMENTS
12.1 Appliances with heating elements shall be so designed and
constructed that they withstand overloads liable to occur in normal use.
Compliance is checked by the test of 12.2 and, if applicable, by the test of
12.3.
After the tests, the appliance shall show no damage within the meaning of
this standard.
In particular, heating wires, internal wiring and the general assembly
shall not show such deformation that creepage distances and clearances
are reduced below the values specified in 29.1. Contacts and connections
shall not have worked loose.
12.2 Hand-held appliances are suspended in their normal position, in still
air.
Appliances normally used on the floor or a table are placed on a horizontal
support, away from walls.
Appliances normally fixed to a wall are fixed to a wall, as near as possible
to the floor or to a ceiling, as is likely to occur in normal use, unless
specific instructions are given by the manufacturer.
The appliance is subjected to 15 cycles, each cycle comprising an
operating period as specified in 11.7, in accordance with conditions of
adequate heat discharge, and a cooling period sufficient to allow the
appliance to cool down to approximately room temperature.
Throughout the operating period, all heating elements that can be
operated at the same time are in circuit, the supply voltage being such
that the input is:
1.33 times the rated input, for appliances having a rated input not
exceeding 100 W;
1.27 times the rated input or 1.21 times the rated input plus 12 W,
whichever is the greater, for appliances having a rated input
exceeding 100 W.

39
IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
If a self-resetting thermal cut-out or a non-self-resetting thermal cut-out
which is accessible and can be reset without the aid of a tool operates, the
operating period is considered to be ended. The appliance is then allowed
to cool down and the cut-out is reset for the next cycle.
During the test, non-self-resetting thermal cut-outs which are only
accessible with the aid of a tool or which require the replacement of a part
shall not operate and no vapour or ignitable gas shall accumulate in the
appliance.
NOTE 1 — Forced cooling may be used for the purpose of shortening the cooling
period.
NOTE 2 — For appliances incorporating a motor the operation of which may affect
the conditions of the heating elements, the motor is operated from a separate supply
at rated voltage and under normal load.

12.3 Appliances provided with a pressure switch are subjected to an

additional test under the conditions specified in 12.2, but the operating
and cooling periods are each approximately 5 minutes and the current is
interrupted by controlling the working pressure.
13. ELECTRICAL INSULATION AND LEAKAGE CURRENT AT
OPERATING TEMPERATURE
13.1 The electrical insulation of the appliance at operating temperature
shall be adequate and the leakage current in normal use shall not be
excessive.
Compliance is checked by the test given in 13.2 and, for heating
appliances, by the additional test given in 13.3, the appliance being
operated in accordance with conditions of adequate heat discharge and/or
under normal load for the time specified in 11.7.
Heating appliances other than combined appliances are operated with all
heating elements in circuit, the supply voltage being such that the input
is 1.15 times the maximum rated input.
Motor-operated appliances and combined appliances are operated at a
supply voltage equal to l.06 times the rated voltage.
Three-phase appliances which are also suitable for single-phase supply
are tested as single-phase appliances with the three sections connected in
parallel.
The tests are made while the appliance is connected to the supply, except
that for three-phase appliances not suitable for single-phase supply the
test given in 13.3 is made immediately after the appliance has been
disconnected from the supply.

40
 IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
13.2 Leakage Current Test
13.2.1 The leakage current is measured between any pole of the supply
and
a) Accessible metal parts and metal foil with an area not exceeding
20 × 10 cm in contact with accessible surfaces of insulating material,
connected together.
b) Metal parts of Class II appliances, separated from live parts by basic
insulation only. The measuring circuits are as follows:
1) For single-phase appliances having a rated voltage not exceeding
250 V, for three-phase appliances to be tested as single-phase
appliances and for heating appliances for dc only;
if of Class II, Fig. 4,
if other than Class II, Fig. 5.
2) For single-phase appliances having a rated voltage exceeding
250 V and for three-phase appliances not suitable for single-phase
supply;
if of Class II, Fig. 6,
if other than Class II, Fig. 7.
Single-phase appliances having a rated voltage exceeding 250 V are
connected to two of the phase conductors, the remaining phase conductor
not being used.
The resistance of the measuring circuit is 2 000 ± 100 Ω, and if it is
suspected that high-frequency currents are being generated in a motor-
operated appliance, the measuring instrument has an accuracy of at least
5 percent for all frequencies within the range of 20 Hz to 5 000 Hz, but is
insensitive to higher frequencies.
The test is made with ac, unless the appliance is for dc only, in which case
the test is made with dc except that motor-operated appliances for dc only
are not tested.
For single-phase appliances having a rated voltage not exceeding 250 V
and for three-phase appliances to be tested as single-phase appliances,
the leakage current is measured with the selector switch shown in Fig. 4
and 5, in each of the positions 1 and 2.
For other appliances, the leakage current is measured with the switches,
a, b and c, shown in Fig. 6 and 7, closed; for three-phase appliances not
suitable for single-phase supply, the measurements are repeated with
each of the switches a, b and c open in turn, the other two switches being
closed; for single-phase appliances, the measurements are repeated with
one of the switches open.

41
IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979

FIG. 4 DIAGRAM FOR LEAKAGE CURRENT MEASUREMENT AT OPERATING

TEMPERATURE FOR SINGLE-PHASE CONNECTION OF CLASS II APPLIANCES

FIG. 5 DIAGRAM FOR LEAKAGE CURRENT MEASUREMENT AT OPERATING

TEMPERATURE FOR SINGLE-PHASE CONNECTION OF APPLIANCES
OTHER THAN THOSE OF CLASS II

42
 IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979

FIG. 6 DIAGRAM FOR LEAKAGE MEASUREMENT AT OPERATING

TEMPERATURE FOR THREE-PHASE CONNECTION OF CLASS II APPLIANCES

FIG. 7 DIAGRAM FOR LEAKAGE CURRENT MEASUREMENT AT OPERATING

TEMPERATURE FOR THREE-PHASE CONNECTION OF APPLIANCES
OTHER THAN THOSE OF CLASS II
43
IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
After an operating time as specified in 11.7, the leakage current shall not
exceed the following values:
For Class I appliances the leakage current which may flow from the
live parts to the accessible metal parts and metal foil on external
insulating material connected together shall not exceed 300 µA (peak)
that is 210 µA (rms).
For Class II appliances the leakage current from live parts to the inner
non-current carrying metal shall not exceed 300 µA (peak) that is
210 µA (rms) whereas the leakage current from the live parts to the
metal foil wrapping (for all insulated appliances) or the external
metal and metal foil wrapping connected together (for double
insulated appliances) shall not exceed 60 µA (peak) that is 42.5 µA
(rms).
If the appliance incorporates one or more capacitors and is provided with
a single-pole switch, the measurements are repeated with the switch in
the ‘off’ position.
NOTE 1 — The test with the switch in the ‘off’ position is made to verify that
capacitors connected behind a single-pole switch do not cause an excessive leakage
current.
NOTE 2 — Appliance shall be well insulated from earth during leakage current
measurements. Earthing connections shall not be made during the leakage current
test.
13.3 High Voltage Test
13.3.1 The insulation other than that of motors is subjected for 1 minute
to a voltage of substantially sine-wave form, having a frequency of 50 Hz
or 60 Hz. For single-phase appliances and three-phase appliances to be
tested as single-phase appliances, the connections are as shown in Fig. 8.
The test voltage is applied between live parts and the body and, for Class
II appliances, between live parts and parts separated from live parts by
basic insulation only, in addition, for Class II appliances, the test voltage
is applied between metal parts separated from live parts by basic
insulation only and the body.
The value of the test voltage is:
500 V for basic insulation subjected in normal use to a safety extra-low
voltage;
1 000 V for other basic insulation;
2 750 V for supplementary insulation; and
3 750 V for reinforced insulation.
Initially, not more than half the prescribed voltage is applied, than it is
raised rapidly to the full value.

44
 IS : 302 : 1979

FIG. 8 DIAGRAM FOR ELECTRIC STRENGTH TEST AT OPERATING

TEMPERATURE

No flashover or breakdown shall occur during the test. Glow discharges

without drop in voltage are neglected.
The high-voltage transformer used for the test has a rating of at least
500 VA.
If the secondary winding of the isolating transformer is not provided with
a tap at the midpoint, the output winding of the high-voltage transformer
can be connected to the midpoint of a potentiometer having a total
resistance not exceeding 2 000 Ω, and connected across the output
winding of the isolating transformer.
NOTE — For motor-operated appliances, the high voltage test shall be as indicated
in the relevant specification on motors. However, in case of a repeat high voltage
test on motor-operated appliance, the test voltage shall be 80 percent of the full
value.

13.3.2 When applied as a routine test, the high voltage test may also be
carried out as a flash test. The appliance may not be connected to the
supply and an ac voltage one and a half times the value given in 13.3
shall be applied for a period of 5 seconds.
13.4 In case an appliance with heating element(s) is taken from shelf and
subjected to leakage current and high voltage tests in isolation, the tests
shall be conducted after 10 minutes of preheating.

45
IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
14. RADIO AND TELEVISION INTERFERENCE
SUPPRESSION
14.1 The incorporation of components necessary to achieve an adequate
degree of radio and television interference suppression shall not adversely
affect the safety of the appliance.
15. MOISTURE RESISTANCE
15.1 The enclosure of drip-proof, splash-proof and watertight appliances
shall provide the degree of protection against moisture in accordance with
the classification of the appliance.
Compliance is checked by the appropriate treatment specified in 15.2.
Immediately after the appropriate treatment for drip-proof and splash-
proof appliances, the appliance shall withstand the electric strength test
specified in 16.4, and inspection shall show that water which may have
entered the appliance does not impair compliance with this standard; in
particular, there shall be no trace of water on insulation for which
creepage distances are specified in 29.1.
Immediately after the treatment for watertight appliances, the appliance
shall withstand the electric strength test specified in 16.4, with the
exception of the test already made on the immersed appliance.
Appliances which are not subject to spillage of liquid in normal use are
allowed to stand in normal test-room atmosphere for 24 hours before
being subjected to the test given in 15.4.
15.2 Appliances provided with an appliance inlet are fitted with an
appropriate connector and flexible cable or cord; appliances with type X
attachments are fitted with the lightest permissible type of flexible cable
or cord of the smallest cross-sectional area specified in 26.2 and other
appliances are tested as delivered.
Electrical components, including detachable heating elements, covers and
other parts which can be removed without the aid of a tool are removed
and subjected, if necessary, to the relevant treatment with the main part.
Sealing rings or glands and other sealing means, if any, are aged in an
atmosphere having the composition and pressure of the ambient air by
suspending them freely in a heating cabinet ventilated by natural
circulation.
They are kept in the cabinet at a temperature of 70 ± 2°C, for 10 days
(240 hours).
Immediately afterwards, the samples are taken out of the cabinet and left
at room temperature, avoiding direct daylight, for at least 16 hours before
being reassembled. The glands and other sealing means are then

46
 IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
tightened with a torque equal to two-thirds of that applied during the test
given in 21.3.
NOTE — The use of an electrically-heated cabinet is recommended. Natural
circulation may be provided by holes in the walls of the cabinet.
Drip-proof appliances are subjected for 5 min to the vertical rain test.
Splash-proof appliances are:
a) if hand-held, subjected for 5 minutes to the vertical rain test, the
appliance being turned continuously through the most unfavourable
positions;
b) if normally fixed to a ceiling, subjected for 5 minutes to the vertical
rain test, followed by 10 minutes subjection to the oblique rain test,
which is followed by 5 minutes subjection to the splash test; and
c) if neither hand-held nor normally fixed to a ceiling, subjected for
10 minutes to the oblique rain test, followed by 5 minutes subjection
to the splash test.
Watertight appliances are subjected for 24 hours to the immersion test.
15.2.1 Vertical Rain Test
15.2.1.1 For the vertical rain test, the rain falls vertically from an
apparatus similar to that shown in Fig. 9, which delivers 3 mm of rain per
minute, uniformly distributed over the sample.
15.2.1.2 Appliances normally fixed to a wall or a ceiling are fixed in the
normal position of use, to a wooden board, if necessary, this board having
dimensions which are equal to those of the surface of the appliance in
contact with the wall or the ceiling.
15.2.1.3 The wooden board itself is supported so that the nozzles of the
rain apparatus are 2 m above the uppermost point of the appliance, for
appliances, normally fixed to a wall, or above the surface to which the
appliance is fixed, for appliances normally fixed to a ceiling.
15.2.1.4 Other appliances, except hand-held appliances, are placed in the
normal position of use, so that the nozzles of the rain apparatus are 2 m
above the uppermost point of the appliance.
15.2.2 Oblique Rain Test
15.2.2.1 For the oblique rain test, the spray apparatus shown in Fig. 10,
is used, which comprises a tube formed into a semi-circle. The radius of
the circle is 200 mm or a multiple of 200 mm and is as small as is
compatible with the size and position of the sample. The tube is
perforated so that jets of water are directed towards the centre of the
circle, and the water pressure at the inlet to the apparatus is equivalent
to a head of about 10 m.

47
 IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
48

FIG. 9 VERTICAL RAIN APPARATUS

 IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
The tube is caused to oscillate through an angle of 120°, 60° on either side
of the vertical, the time for one complete oscillation (2 × 120°) being about
4 seconds.

FIG. 10 SPRAY APPARATUS

15.2.2.2 Appliances normally fixed to a wall or a ceiling are mounted as in
normal use on a wooden board having dimensions which are 15 ± 5 cm in
excess of those of the orthogonal projection of the appliance on the board.
15.2.2.3 Other appliances are placed on a support having dimensions
which are at least 5 cm in excess of those of the orthogonal projection of
the appliance on the support.
15.2.2.4 The sample is mounted or placed at the centre of the semicircle
formed by the tube so that its lowest part is level with the axis of
oscillation. The sample is turned about its vertical axis during the test.
15.2.3 Splash Test
15.2.3.1 For the splash test, the apparatus shown in Fig. 11 is used.
During the test, the water pressure is regulated so that the water
splashes up 15 cm above the bottom of the bowl. The bowl is placed on the
floor for appliances normally used on the floor and, for all other
appliances, on a horizontal support 5 cm below the lowest edge of the
appliance; the bowl is moved around so as to splash the appliance from all
directions. Care is taken that the appliance is not hit by the direct jet.

49
IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979

FIG. 11 SPLASH APPARATUS

15.2.3.2 Appliances normally used on a working surface other than the
floor are placed on a supporting surface which has dimensions equal to
the surface of the appliance in contact with the support.
15.2.4 Water Immersion Tests
15.2.4.1 For the immersion test, the appliance is immersed in water at a
temperature of 27 ± 5°C and containing approximately 1% NaCl, the top
of the appliance being about 5 cm below the water level, except that
appliances marked with maximum depth of immersion are immersed in
accordance with this marking. Plugs, if any, are kept dry and the

50
 IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
appliance is operated in accordance with conditions of adequate heat
discharge and/or under normal load.
15.2.4.2 Appliances for continuous operation are operated for 12 periods
of 1 hour, with a rest period of 1 hour between each.
15.2.4.3 Appliances for short-time operation or for intermittent operation
are operated in accordance with their marking for 12 cycles.
15.2.4.4 After this treatment, the appliance shall withstand while
immersed an electric strength test as specified in 16.4, the following test
voltage being only applied between live parts and the water:
500 V for Class III appliances,
3 750 V for Class II appliances, and
1 250 V for other appliances.
Class III appliances having a rated voltage not exceeding 18.5 V are not
subjected to this electric strength test.
During this test, the pins of the plug, if any, are connected together and
mains switches, if any, are in the ‘on’ position.
NOTE 1 — For Class II appliances, the watertightness shall be achieved by means of
the supplementary insulation or the reinforced insulation, or by means of an
enclosure exterior to this insulation.
NOTE 2 — This test applies to appliances intended to be operated while immersed in
water and such appliances shall be marked with the symbol for watertight
construction.
NOTE 3 — For appliances intended to be operated under dry conditions but which
are partially or completely immersed while cleaning or which may accidentally be
dropped into water while in operation, other tests may be specified in individual
appliance specification. If such appliances are marked with the symbol for
watertight construction, they must withstand the immersion test.
15.3 Appliances subject to spillage of liquid in normal use shall be so
constructed that such spillage does not affect their electrical insulation.
Compliance is checked by the following test.
Appliances provided with an appliance inlet are fitted with an
appropriate connector and flexible cable or cord. Appliances with Type X
attachment are fitted with the lightest permissible type of flexible cable
or cord of the smallest cross-sectional area specified in 26.2 and other
appliances are tested as delivered.
The liquid container of the appliance is completely filled with water
containing approximately 1 percent sodium chloride, and a further
quantity, equal to 15 percent of the capacity of the container or 0.25 l,
whichever is the greater, is poured in steadily over a period of 1
minute.

51
IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
Immediately after this treatment, the appliance shall withstand an
electric strength test as specified in 16.4 and inspection shall show
that water which may have entered the appliance does not impair
compliance with this standard; in particular, there shall be no trace of
water on insulation for which creepage distances are specified in 29.1.
The appliance is allowed to stand in normal test-room atmosphere for
24 hours before being subjected to the test given in 15.4.
15.4 Appliances shall be proof against humid conditions which may occur
in normal use.
Compliance is checked by the humidity treatment described in this
clause, followed immediately by the tests given in 16.
Cable entries, if any, are left open; if knock-outs are provided, one of them
is opened.
Electrical components, including detachable heating elements, covers and
other parts which can be removed without the aid of a tool, are removed
and subjected, if necessary, to the humidity treatment with the main
part.
The humidity treatment is carried out in a humidity cabinet containing
air with a relative humidity of not less than 90 percent. The temperature
of the air, at all places where samples can be located, is maintained at any
convenient value between 15°C and 35°C.
Before being placed in the humidity cabinet, the sample is brought to a
temperature between t and t + 4°C.
The sample is kept in the cabinet for:
2 days (48 hours) for ordinary appliances, and
7 days (168 hours) for drip-proof, splash-proof and watertight
appliances.
In most cases, the sample may be brought to the specified temperature by
keeping it at this temperature for at least 4 hours before the humidity
treatment. A relative humidity of approximately 95 percent can be
obtained by placing in the humidity cabinet a saturated solution of
sodium sulphate (Na2SO4) or potassium nitrate (KNO3), in water, having
a sufficiently large contact surface with the air.
In order to achieve the specified conditions within the cabinet, it is
necessary to ensure constant circulation of the air within and, in general,
to use a cabinet which is thermally insulated.
After this treatment, the appliance shall show no damage within the
meaning of this standard.

52
 IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
16. INSULATION RESISTANCE AND ELECTRIC STRENGTH
(AFTER HUMIDITY TREATMENT)
16.1 The insulation and electric strength of appliances shall be adequate.
Compliance is checked, for heating appliances, by the tests given in 16.2
and 16.4 and, for motor-operated appliances, by the tests given in 16.3
and 16.4, which are made on the cold appliance, not connected to the
supply, after the test given in 15.4, in the humidity cabinet or in the room
in which the sample was brought to the prescribed temperature, after
reassembly of those parts which may have been removed.
16.2 A test voltage, dc for appliances for dc only and ac for all other
appliances, is applied as specified in Items 1 and 4 of the table of 16.4, the
metal foil having a size not exceeding 20 cm × 10 cm and being moved, if
necessary, so as to test all parts of the surface. In addition, for Class II
appliances, the test voltage is applied between live parts and metal parts
separated from live parts by basic insulation only.
The test voltage is:
a) 1.06 times the rated voltage, or 1.06 times the upper limit of the
rated voltage range, for appliances for dc only, for single-phase
appliances and for three-phase appliances which are also suitable
for single-phase supply, if the rated voltage or the upper limit of the
rated voltage range does not exceed 250 V;
b) 1.06 times V the rated voltage, or 1.06 times the upper limit of the
rated voltage range, divided by 3, for other appliances.
The leakage current measured after the application of the test
voltage shall not exceed the values given in 13.2.
NOTE — In general heating appliances may be operated up to 10 minutes before
leakage current measurements.
The values specified in 13.2 are doubled:
if the appliance has no control device other than a thermal cutout, a
thermostat without an ‘off’ position or an energy regulator without and
‘off’ position; and
if all control devices have an ‘off’ position with a contact opening of at
least 3 mm and all-pole disconnection.
However, for Class II appliances, the value specified in 13.2 can only be
doubled if all control devices have an ‘off’ position with a contact opening
of at least 3 mm and all-pole disconnection.
16.3 The insulation resistance is measured with a dc voltage of approxi-
mately 500 V applied, the measurement being made 1 minute after
application of the voltage, heating elements, if any, being disconnected.

53
IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
The insulation resistance shall be not less than that shown in the
following table:

Insulation to be Tested Insulation

Resistance
(M Ω)
Between live parts and the body:
for basic insulation 2
for reinforced insulation 7
Between live parts and metal parts of Class II appliances
which are separated from live parts by basic insulation
only 2
Between metal parts of class II appliances which are
separated from live parts by basic insulation only and
the body 5
16.4 Immediately after the test given in 16.2 for heating appliances,
or 16.3 for motor-operated appliances, the insulation is subjected for 1
minute to a voltage of substantially sine-wave form, having a frequency of
50 Hz or 60 Hz. The value of the test voltage and the points of application
are shown in the following table:

Test Voltage
Sl Points of Application of Test















No. Voltage Class III Class II Other
appliances appliances appliances
V V V
1. Between live parts and parts of the body
that are separated from live parts by:
basic insulation only 500 — 1 000
reinforced insulation — 3 750 3 750
2. Between live parts of different polarity 500 1 250 1 000
3. For parts with double insulation,
between metal parts separated from live
parts by basic insulation only and:
live parts — 1 250 1 000
the body — 2 500 2 500
4. Between metal enclosures or covers lined
with insulating material and metal foil
in contact with the inner surface of the
lining, if the distance between live parts
and these metal enclosures or covers,
measured through the lining, is less than
the appropriate clearance as specified in
clause 29.1 — 2 500 1 000

54
 IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979

Test Voltage
Sl Points of Application of Test
















No. Voltage Class III Class II Other
appliances appliances appliances
V V V
5. Between metal foil in contact with
handles, knobs, grips and the like and
their shafts, if these shafts can become
live in the event of an insulation fault — 2 500 2 500
6. Between the body and either the power
supply cord wrapped with metal foil or a
metal rod of the same diameter as the
power supply cord, inserted in its place,
fitted in inlet bushings of insulating
material, cord guards, cord anchorages
and the like — 2 500 1 000
7. Between the point where a winding and
a capacitor are connected together, if a
resonance voltage U occurs between this
point and any terminal for external
conductors, and:
the body — — 2U + 1 000
metal parts separated from live parts
by basic insulation only — 2U + 1 000 —
NOTE 1 — The test between the live parts of different polarity is only made where
the necessary disconnections can be made without damaging the appliance.
NOTE 2 — The test between the point where a winding and a capacitor are
connected together, and the body or metal parts, is only made where the insulation
is subjected to the resonance voltage under normal running conditions. Other parts
are disconnected and the capacitor is short-circuited.
NOTE 3 — The test is not made between the contacts of switches of micro-gap
construction, motor-starting switches, relays, thermostats, thermal cut-outs and the
like, or on the insulation of capacitors connected between live parts of different
polarity.

Initially, not more than half the prescribed voltage is applied, then it is
raised rapidly to the full value.
No flashover or breakdown shall occur during the test.
Care is taken that the metal foil is so placed that no flashover occurs at
the edges of the insulation.
For Class II appliances incorporating both reinforced insulation and
double insulation, care is taken that the voltage applied to the reinforced
insulation does not overstress the basic insulation or the supplementary
insulation.

55
IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
When testing insulating coatings, the metal foil may be pressed against
the insulation by means of a sandbag of such a size that the pressure is
about 0.5 N/cm2. The test may be limited to places where the insulation is
likely to be weak, for example where there are sharp metal edges under
the insulation.
If practicable, insulating linings are tested separately.
17. OVERLOAD PROTECTION
17.1 Appliances incorporating circuits supplied from a transformer shall
be so constructed that, in the event of short circuits which are likely to
occur in normal use, excessive temperatures do not occur in the
transformer or in the associated circuits.
Compliance is checked by applying the most unfavourable short circuit or
overload which is likely to occur in normal use, the appliance being
operated at a voltage equal to 1.06 or 0.94 times the rated voltage,
whichever is the more unfavourable.
The temperature rise of the insulation of the conductors of safety
extra-low voltage circuits is determined and shall not exceed the relevant
value specified in Table 1 by more than 15°C. The winding temperature of
transformers should not exceed the value specified for windings in 19.6
or 19.8.
NOTE 1 — Examples of short circuits which are likely to occur in normal use are the
short-circuiting of bare or inadequately insulated conductors of safety extra-low
voltage circuits which are accessible, and the internal short-circuiting of lamp
filaments.
NOTE 2 — A failure of insulation complying with the requirements specified for
basic insulation Class I or Class II construction is not, for the purpose of this
requirement, considered as likely to occur in normal use.
NOTE 3 — Protection of transformer windings may be obtained by the inherent
impedance of the windings, or by means of fuses, automatic switches, thermal
cut-outs or similar devices incorporated in the transformer or located inside the
appliance, provided these devices are only accessible with the aid of a tool.

18. ENDURANCE
18.1 Appliances shall be so constructed that, in normal use, there will be
no electrical or mechanical failure that might impair compliance with this
standard. The insulation shall not be damaged and contacts and
connections shall not work loose as a result of heating, vibration, etc.
Moreover, overload protection devices shall not operate under normal
running conditions.
For motor-operated appliances, compliance is checked by the tests of 18.2
and 18.6, and by such of the additional tests of 18.3 to 18.5 as are
applicable.

56
 IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
For heating appliances, tests are specified in individual appliance
specifications, where necessary.
NOTE — For the purpose of endurance test on heating appliances, the operating
time for the test specified in 11, 12 and 13 is included.
18.2 The appliance is operated under normal load and at a voltage equal
to 1.1 times rated voltage for a time equal to that shown in the following
table, reduced by the running time necessary for the tests given in 11
and 13 and, for motor-operated appliances with heating elements, by the
running time necessary for the tests given in 12.
The appliance is then operated under normal load and at a voltage equal
to 0.9 times rated voltage for the time shown in the following table:
Type of Appliance Operating
Time
Appliances having a prospective total operating hours
time less than 15 hours a year 15
Other appliances 48
Appliances for continuous operation are operated continuously, or for a
corresponding number of periods, each period being not less than 8 hours.
The operating period for appliances for short-time or intermittent
operation is equal to the operating time, if this is limited by the
construction of the appliance; otherwise, it is in accordance with the
prescriptions given in individual appliance specification, or with the
marking, whichever is the more unfavourable.
If the temperature rise of any part of an appliance for short-time
operation exceeds the temperature rise measured during the test given
in 11, rest periods or forced cooling are introduced.
Individual appliance specifications shall indicate which appliances are
considered to have a prospective total operating time less than 15 hours a
year.
The specified operating time is the actual running time. If the appliance
incorporates more than one motor, the operating times specified apply to
each motor separately.
18.3 Appliances other than those for short-time operation are started
under normal load, 50 times at a voltage equal to 1.1 times the rated
voltage and 50 times at a voltage equal to 0.85 times the rated voltage,
the duration of each period of supply being at least equal to ten times the
time necessary from start to full speed, but not less than 10 seconds.
An interval sufficient to prevent overheating and at least equal to three
times the period of supply is introduced after each running period.

57
IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
Appliances for short-time operation are started, under the conditions
specified above, 50 times at a voltage equal to 0.85 times the rated
voltage.
18.4 Appliances provided with a centrifugal or other automatic starting
switch are started 10 000 times under normal load and at a voltage equal
to 0.9 times the rated voltage, the operating cycles being that specified
in 18.3.
NOTE — Forced cooling may be used, if necessary.
18.5 During the tests of 18.2 and 18.3, overload protection devices shall
not operate.
After the tests of 18.2 to 18.4, the appliance shall withstand the tests
of 16, the limits for the insulation resistance being, however, reduced by
50 percent.
Connections, handles, guards, brush-caps and other fittings or
components shall not have worked loose, and there shall be no
deterioration impairing safety in normal use.
19. ABNORMAL OPERATION
19.1 Appliances shall be so designed that the risk of fire, mechanical
damage impairing safety or the protection against electric shock as a
result of abnormal or careless operation is obviated as far as is
practicable.
For appliances with heating elements compliance is checked as follows:
a) For appliances provided with controls which limit the temperature
during the test of 11 and which are intended for:
1) building in,
2) for use unattended, or
3) have a capacitor not protected by a fuse or the like connected in
parallel with the contacts of thermostat, by the tests of 19.2 and if
necessary by the tests of 19.3 followed by the tests of 19.4.
b) For appliances for short-time operation, by the test of 19.2 and, if
necessary, by the test of 19.3 followed by the test of 19.5.
c) For other appliances, by the test of 19.2 and, if necessary, by the test
of 19.3.
d) For Class II appliances, the test of 19.4 is made on all appliances
provided with a control which limits the temperature during the test
of 11.
If, in any of the tests, a non-self-resetting thermal cut-out operates, a
heating element ruptures or if the current is otherwise interrupted before
steady conditions are established, the heating period is considered to be
ended, but if the interruption is due to the rupture of a heating element or

58
 IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
of an intentionally weak part, the relevant test is repeated on a second
sample which shall then also comply with the conditions specified in
19.11.
Rupture of a heating element or of an intentionally weak part in the
second sample will not in itself entail a rejection.
For motor-operated appliances without heating elements compliance is
checked by the tests of 19.6 to 19.10 as applicable.
For combined appliances, all tests are carried out, if necessary, for
obtaining the most severe conditions, the motor part and the heating part
being operated simultaneously at the prescribed voltage and input
respectively.
Fuses, thermal cut-outs, overcurrent releases or the like, incorporated
into the appliance, may be used to provide the necessary protection.
If more than one of the tests are applicable for the same appliance, these
tests are made consecutively.
Provisions of 19.11 apply to all appliances.
19.2 Appliances with heating elements are tested under the conditions
specified in 11, but without adequate heat discharge, the supply voltage
being such that the input is 0.85 times the rated input.
If a non-self-resetting thermal cut-out operates, or if the current is
otherwise interrupted before steady conditions are established, the
operating period is considered to be ended and the test of 19.3 is not
made.
If interruption of the current does not occur, the appliance is switched off
as soon as steady conditions are established, and is allowed to cool down
to approximately room temperature. The appliance is then subjected to
the test of 19.3.
NOTE — The conditions without adequate discharge are generally well understood,
but if any guidance is needed in this regard, it may be given in individual appliance
specification.
For appliances for short-time operation, the duration of the test is equal
to the rated operating time.
19.3 The rest of 19.2 is repeated, but with a supply voltage such that the
input is 1.24 times the rated input.
NOTE — In case of doubt, a test is made with the most unfavourable supply voltage
between the limits specified in 19.2 and 19.3.
19.4 The test of 19.3 is repeated, but with the appliance operated in accor-
dance with conditions of adequate heat discharge and with any control
which limits the temperature during the test of 11, short-circuited.
NOTE — If the appliance is provided with more than one control, these are short-
circuited in turn.

59
IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
19.5 The test of 19.3 is repeated, but with the appliance operated in
accordance with conditions of adequate heat discharge until steady
conditions are established, irrespective of the rated operating time.
NOTE — For this test, the controls are not short-circuited.
19.6 A stalled-motor test is made by locking moving parts, if the
appliance:
a) has moving parts liable to be jammed,
b) has motors with a locked rotor torque smaller than the full load
torque,
c) has motors to be started by hand,
d) is intended to be remotely or automatically controlled,
e) is liable to be operated while unattended.
If an appliance has more than one motor, the test is made for each motor
separately.
Alternative tests for protected motor units are given in Appendix E.
Individual appliance specifications shall indicate which appliances have
moving parts liable to be jammed or are liable to be operated while
unattended.
Appliances incorporating motors having capacitors in the circuit of an
auxiliary winding are operated with the rotor locked, the capacitors, one
at a time, being short-circuited or open-circuited whichever is the more
unfavourable, unless the appliance is not intended for use unattended
and the motor is provided with a capacitor complying with
IS : 2993-1975*.
NOTE — This test is made with the rotor locked because certain motors with
capacitors might or might not start so that variable results could be obtained.
For each of the tests, the appliance, starting from room temperature not
exceeding 40°C, is operated at rated voltage or at the upper limit of the
rated voltage range for a period of:
a) 30 seconds for hand-held appliances, appliances which have to be
kept switched on by hand, and appliances which are continuously
loaded by hand; or
b) 5 minutes or, if a timer is provided, equal to the maximum period
allowed by the timer, for other appliances which are not intended for
use unattended; or
c) as long as is necessary to established steady conditions or, if a timer
is provided, equal to the maximum period allowed by the timer, for
the remaining appliances.
NOTE — Appliances which are automatically or remotely controlled are regarded as
appliances which are intended for use unattended.

*Specification for motor capacitor ( first revision ).

60
 IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
At the end of the test period specified, or at the instant of operation of
fuses, thermal cut-outs, motor protection devices and the like, the
temperature-rise of the windings shall not exceed the values shown in the
following table:*
Type of Appliance Limiting Temperature-Rise*
















Class A Class E Class B
°C °C °C
Appliances provided with a timer and not
intended for use unattended and appli-
ances to be operated for 30 s or 5 min 160 175 185
Other appliances:
if impedance-protected 110 125 135
if protected by protection devices which
operate during the first hour,
maximum value 160 175 185
after first hour, maximum value 135 150 160
after first hour, arithmetic average 110 125 135
19.7 Appliances incorporating three-phase motors are operated under
normal load, with one phase disconnected, for a period as specified
in 19.6.
Further details of this test are under consideration.
19.8 A running overload test is made on appliances incorporating motors
which are either intended to be remotely or automatically controlled, or
liable to be operated continuously while unattended, the appliance being
operated under normal load, at rated voltage or at the upper limit of the
rated voltage range, until steady conditions are established.
The load is then increased in appropriate steps so that the current
through the motor windings is raised, the supply voltage being
maintained at its original value. When new steady conditions are
established, the load is again increased. This operation is repeated until
the overload protection device operated.
The winding temperature is continuously measured and noted during
each period of steady conditions, and the maximum temperature-rise
value recorded over ambient temperature not exceeding 40°C shall not
exceed:
100°C; for Class A material
115°C; for Class E material
125°C; for Class B material
If the load cannot be increased in appropriate steps in the appliance, it
will be necessary to remove the motor from the appliance and to test the
motor separately.

*Values for Class F and H materials are under consideration.

61
IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
Individual appliance specification shall indicate which appliances are
liable to be operated continuously while unattended.
Values for Class F and H materials are under consideration.
Alternative tests for protected motor units are given in Appendix E.
19.9 Appliances for short time, or intermittent operation, other than:
hand-held appliances,
appliances which have to be kept switched on by hand,
appliances which are continuously loaded by hand, and
appliances with a timer,
are operated under normal load and at rated voltage or at the upper limit
of the rated voltage range, until steady conditions are established, or until
the thermal cut-out operates. When steady conditions are established or
immediately before the operation of the thermal cut-out, the temperature
of the windings shall not exceed the values specified in 19.8.
NOTE — If in normal use the appliance unloads itself after a certain period, the test
is continued with the appliance running idle.

19.10 Appliances incorporating series motors are operated at a voltage

equal to 1.3 times the rated voltage, for 1 minute, with the lowest possible
load.
After this test, the safety of the appliance shall not have been impaired; in
particular, windings and connections shall not have worked loose.
19.11 During the tests of 19.2 to 19.9, the appliance shall not emit flames
or molten metal, or poisonous or ignitable gas in hazardous amounts,*
enclosures shall not deform to such an extent as will impair compliance
with this standard and temperature rises shall not exceed the values
shown in the following table:

Parts Temperature Rise

°C
Walls, ceiling and floor of the test corner* 150
Insulation of the supply cable or cord* 150
Supplementary insulation and reinforced insulation, 1.5 times the
other than those of thermoplastic materials relevant value
specified in 11.8

*For motor-operated appliances without heating elements, these temperature rises

are normally not determined.

62
 IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
After the tests, the insulation of appliances other than those of Class III,
when cooled down to approximately room temperature, shall withstand
an electric strength test as specified in 16.4, the test voltage being:
1 000 V for basic insulation,
2 750 V for supplementary insulation, and
3 750 V for reinforced insulation.
For supplementary insulation and reinforced insulation of thermoplastic
material, the test of 30.1 is made at the maximum temperature measured
during these tests increased by 40°C or at 75°C, whichever is higher.
For appliances which are immersed in, or filled with conducting liquid in
normal use, the sample is immersed in, or filled with water, as
appropriate, for 24 hours before the electric strength test is made.
NOTE — The humidity treatment of 15.4 is not applied before this electric strength
test.
20. STABILITY AND MECHANICAL HAZARDS
20.1 Appliances, other than fixed appliances and hand-held appliances,
intended to be used on a surface such as the floor or a table shall have
adequate stability.
Compliance is checked by the following test, appliances provided with an
appliance inlet being fitted with an appropriate connector and flexible
cable or cord.
The appliance is placed, with the motor switched off in case of motor
operated appliance, in any normal position of use on a plane inclined at
an angle of 10° to the horizontal, the cable or cord resting on the inclined
plane in the most unfavourable position. If, however, the appliance is
such that, were it to be tilted through an angle of 10° when standing on a
horizontal plane, a part of it not normally in contact with the supporting
surface would touch the horizontal plane, the appliance is placed on a
horizontal support and tilted in the most unfavourable direction through
an angle of 10°.
Appliances provided with doors are tested with the doors open or closed,
whichever is the more unfavourable.
Appliances intended to be filled with liquid by the user in normal use are
tested empty or filled with the most unfavourable quantity of water not
exceeding the rated capacity.
The appliances shall not overturn.
For combined appliances, the test is carried out with the angle of
inclination or tilt of 15°.
If such an appliance overturns in one or more positions, it is subjected to
the test of 11 in all these overturned positions.

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IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
During this test, temperature rises shall not exceed the values shown in
the table of 19.11.
NOTE — The test on the horizontal plane may, for example, be necessary for
appliances provided with rollers, castors or feet.
20.2 Moving parts of motor-operated appliances shall, as far as is
compatible with the use and working of the appliance, be so arranged or
enclosed as to provide, in normal use, adequate protection against
personal injury.
Protective enclosures, guards and the like shall have adequate
mechanical strength. They shall not be removable without the aid of a
tool, unless their removal is necessary in normal use.
Self-resetting thermal cut-outs and overcurrent releases shall not be
incorporated if their unexpected closure might cause danger.
Compliance is checked by inspection, by the test of 21 and by a test with a
standard test finger similar to that shown in Fig. 1, but having a circular
stop plate with a diameter of 50 mm, instead of the non-circular plate.
For appliances provided with movable devices such as those intended for
varying the tension of belts, the test with the test finger is made with
these devices adjusted to the most unfavourable position within their
range of adjustment; if necessary, belts are removed.
It shall not be possible to touch dangerous moving parts with this finger.
Examples of appliances where complete protection is impracticable are
sewing-machines, food mixers and wringers.
Examples of appliances in which self-resetting thermal cut-outs and
overcurrent releases might cause danger are food mixers and wringers.
21. MECHANICAL STRENGTH
21.1 Appliances shall have adequate mechanical strength and be so
constructed as to withstand such rough handling as may be expected in
normal use.
Compliance is checked by applying blows to the sample, by means of the
spring-operated impact-test apparatus shown in Fig. 12.
The apparatus consists of three main parts, the body, the striking
element and the spring-loaded release cone.
The body comprises the housing, the striking element guide, the release
mechanism and all parts rigidly fixed thereto. The mass of this assembly
is 1 250 g.
The striking element comprises the hammer head, the hammer shaft and
the cocking knob. The mass of this assembly is 250 g.

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 IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979

FIG. 12 IMPACT TEST APPARATUS

The hammer head has a hemispherical face of polyamide having a

Rockwell hardness of HR 100, with a radius of 10 mm; it is fixed to the
hammer shaft in such a way that the distance from its tip to the plane of
the front of the cone when the striking element is on the point of release is
20 mm.

The cone has a mass of 60 g and the cone spring is such that it exerts a
force of 20 N when the release jaws are on the point of releasing the
striking element.

The hammer spring is adjusted so that the product of the compression, in

millimetres, and the force exerted, in newtons, equals 1 000, the
compression being approximately 20 mm. With this adjustment, the
impact energy is 0.5 ± 0.05 Nm.

The release mechanism springs are adjusted so that they exert just
sufficient pressure to keep the release jaws in the engaged position.

The apparatus is cocked by pulling the cocking knob until the release jaws
engage with the groove in the hammer shaft.

The blows are applied by pushing the release cone against the sample in a
direction perpendicular to the surface at the point to be tested.

The pressure is slowly increased so that the cone moves back until it is in
contact with the release bars, which then move to operate the release
mechanism and allow the hammer to strike.

The sample as a whole is rigidly supported and three blows are applied to
every point of the enclosure that is likely to be weak.

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IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
To ensure that the sample is rigidly supported, it may be necessary to
place it against a solid wall of brick, concrete or the like, covered by a
sheet of polyamide which is tightly fixed to the wall, care being taken that
there is no appreciable air gap between the sheet and the wall. The sheet
must have a Rockwell hardness of HR 100, a thickness of at least 8 mm
and a surface area such that no part of the sample is mechanically
overstressed due to insufficient supporting area.
If necessary, the blows are also applied to handles, levers, knobs and the
like, and to signal lamps and their covers, but only if the lamps or covers
protrude from the enclosure by more than 10 mm or if their surface area
exceeds 4 cm2. Lamps within the appliance, and their covers, are only
tested if they are likely to be damaged in normal use.
After the test, the sample shall show no damage within the meaning of
this standard; in particular, live parts shall not have become exposed so
as to impair compliance with 8.1, 15.1 and 15.2, and there shall not have
been such distortion as to impair compliance with 29.1. In case of doubt,
supplementary insulation or reinforced insulation is subjected to an
electric strength test as specified in 16.4.
When applying the release cone to the guard of a heating element which
glows visibly in normal use, care is taken that the hammer head passing
through the guard does not strike the heating element.
Damage to the finish, small dents which do not reduce creepage distances
and clearances below the values specified in 29.1, and small chips which
do not adversely affect the protection against electrical shock or moisture
are neglected.
Cracks not visible to the naked eye and surface cracks in fibre-reinforced
mouldings and the like are ignored.
If a decorative cover is backed by an inner cover, fracture of the decorative
cover is neglected if the inner cover withstands the test after removal of
the decorative cover.
NOTE—The test may be carried out by the alternative method given in Appendix F.

21.2 Screwed glands and shoulders in conduit entries shall have adequate
mechanical strength.
Compliance is checked, for screwed glands, by the test of 21.3, and for
shoulders in entries for conduit sizes 16 and 19, by the test of 21.4.
After the tests, glands, enclosures and conduit entries shall show no
significant deformation or damage.
For shoulders in entries for conduit sizes over 19, the test is under
consideration.
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 IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
21.3 The screwed gland is fitted with a cylindrical metal rod having a
diameter in millimetres equal to the nearest whole number below the
internal diameter of the packing, in millimetres. The gland is then
tightened by means of a suitable spanner, the force shown in the following
table being applied to the spanner for 1 minute, at a point 25 cm from the
axis of the gland.

Diameter of Test Rod Force

mm




















Metal Glands Glands of Moulded
Material
N N
Up to and including 20 30 20
Over 20 40 30
21.4 The appliance is rigidly supported so that the axis of the conduit
entry is vertical.
A test device as shown in Fig. 13, is placed on the shoulder in the manner
shown in the figure, and a mass of 250 g is allowed to fall 10 times from a
height of 15 cm onto the test device.

FIG. 13 DEVICE FOR TESTING SHOULDERS IN CONDUIT ENTRIES

22. CONSTRUCTION
22.1 Appliances shall be of the appropriate class with respect to
protection against electric shock.
Compliance is checked by inspection and by the relevant tests of 8.

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IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
22.2 Appliances shall have the appropriate degree of protection against
moisture.
Compliance is checked by inspection and by the relevant tests of 8.
22.3 Appliances shall be so constructed that they operate in all positions
to be expected in normal use.
Compliance is checked by verifying that the appliance operates correctly
in all positions which deviate from the normal position of use by an angle
not exceeding 5°.
This test is made only in case of doubt.
22.4 Portable appliances shall be constructed so as to prevent the
penetration from table or floor of objects which might result in a hazard.
Appliances without legs are considered to comply with this requirement if
all live parts are at least 6 mm from the supporting surface measured
through any opening. If the appliance is fitted with legs, this distance is
increased to 10 mm for appliances intended to be placed on a table and
to 20 mm for appliances intended to be placed on the floor.
22.5 Appliances which can be adjusted to suit different voltages shall be
so constructed that accidental changing of the setting is unlikely to occur.
22.6 Appliances shall be so constructed that accidental changing of the
setting of thermostats or other control devices is unlikely to occur if this
might result in a hazard.
Compliance with the requirements of 22.5 and 22.6 is checked by manual
test.
22.7 Reset buttons of non-self-resetting controls shall be so located or
protected that their accidental resetting is unlikely to occur if resetting
might result in a hazard.
Compliance is checked by inspection.
This requirement precludes, for example, reset buttons mounted on the
back of an appliance in such a manner that they can be reset by pushing
an appliance against a wall.
22.8 It shall not be possible to remove parts which ensure the required
degree of protection against moisture without the aid of a tool.
Compliance is checked by manual test.
22.9 Appliances shall be so designed and constructed that there is no
possibility of leakage from containers, hoses, couplings, due to
condensation of water on cold surfaces and the like which are part of the
appliance and which in turn effect the electrical insulation. Moreover, the
electrical insulation of Class II appliances shall not be affected, even
should be a hose rupture or a seal leak.

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 IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
22.10 Handles, knobs, grips, levers and the like shall be fixed in a reliable
manner so that they will not work loose in normal use if loosening might
result in a hazard.
If handles, knobs and the like are used to indicate the position of switches
or similar components, it shall not be possible to fix them in a wrong
position if this might result in a hazard.
Compliance is checked by inspection, by manual test and by trying to
remove the handle, knob, grip or lever by applying an axial force for 1
minute.
If the shape of these parts is such that an axial pull is unlikely to be
applied in normal use, the force is:
15 N for actuating members of electrical components, and
20 N in other cases.
If the shape is such that an axial pull is likely to be applied, the force is:
30 N for actuating members of electrical components, and
50 N in other cases.
Sealing compound and the like, other than self-hardening resins, are not
considered to be adequate to prevent loosening.
22.11 Components which may require replacement, such as switches and
capacitors, shall be suitably fixed.
Compliance is checked by inspection and, if necessary, by manual test.
Fixing by soldering is only allowed for small resistors, capacitors,
inductors and the like, if these components can be suitably fixed by their
connecting means. Fixing by means of rivets is allowed.
22.12 Storage hooks and the like for flexible cables or cords shall be
smooth and well-rounded. Cord reels shall be so designed that they cause:
no undue abrasion of, or damage to, the sheath of the flexible cable or
cord,
no breakage of conductor strands, and
no undue wear of moving and fixed contacts.
Compliance is checked by inspection and by the following test, which is
made without passing current through the flexible cable or cord.
For appliances provided with an automatic cord reel, at least 75 cm of the
cable or cord is unreeled and is then allowed to recoil automatically onto
the reel.

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IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
This sequence of operation is performed 6 000 times at a rate such that no
appreciable heat occurs on the cable or cord, the latter being pulled in a
direction such that the greatest abrasion occurs to the sheath and that, at
the place where the cable or cord leaves the appliance, the angle between
the axis of the cable or cord during the test and the axis of the cable or
cord when it is unreeled without substantial resistance, is approximately
60°. If the cord does not recoil at the angle of 60°, this angle is adjusted to
the maximum that will allow recoil.
After this test, the cord reel shall withstand an electric strength test as
specified in 16.4, a test voltage of 1 000 V being applied between the
conductors of the cable or cord connected together, and the metal parts of
the reel, or metal foil in contact with the reel if this is of insulating
material.
22.13 Materials which burn fiercely, such as celluloid, shall not be used in
the construction of appliances.
NOTE — Details of burning test are under consideration.
22.14 Wood, cotton, silk, ordinary paper, thermocole, and silk, wool and
similar fibrous or hygroscopic material shall not be used as insulation,
unless impregnated and dried.
Asbestos is considered to be fibrous material within the meaning of this
standard.
Insulating material is considered to be impregnated if the interstices
between the fibres of the material are substantially filled with a suitable
insulant.
22.15 Driving belts shall not be relied upon to ensure electric insulation.
This requirement does not apply if the appliance incorporates a special
design of belt which prevents inappropriate replacement.
Compliance with the requirements of 22.16 and 22.17 is checked by
inspection.
22.16 Appliances other than those of Class III, having parts where
reliance is placed upon safety extra-low voltage to provide the necessary
degree of protection against electric shock, shall be so designed that the
insulation between parts operating at safety extra-low voltage and other
live parts complies with the requirements for double insulation or
reinforced insulation.
Compliance is checked by test specified for double insulation and
reinforced insulation.
22.17 Reinforced insulation shall only be used when it is manifestly
impracticable to provide separate basic insulation and supplementary
insulation.
Compliance is checked by inspection.
Appliance inlets and switches are examples where reinforced insulation
may be used.
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 IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
22.18 Parts of Class II appliances which serve as supplementary
insulation or reinforced insulation and which might be omitted during
reassembly after routine servicing, shall either:
be fixed in such a way that they cannot be removed without being
seriously damaged; or
be so designed that they cannot be replaced in an incorrect position,
and that, if they are omitted, the appliance is rendered inoperable or
manifestly incomplete.
Sleeving may, however, be used as supplementary insulation on internal
wiring if it is retained in position by positive means.
Compliance is checked by inspection and by manual test.
Routine servicing includes replacement of power supply cords, switches
and the like.
Lining metal enclosures with a coating of lacquer, or with other material
in the form of a coating which can be easily removed by scraping, is not
considered to meet this requirement.
A sleeve is considered to be fixed by positive means if it can only be
removed by breaking or cutting, or if it is clamped at both ends.
22.19 Inside the appliance, the sheath (jacket) of a flexible cable or cord
shall only be used as supplementary insulation where it is not subject to
undue mechanical or thermal stresses and if its insulating properties are
not less than those specified in IS : 694-1977* or IS : 434 (Part I)-1964†
for the sheaths of flexible cables and cords.
22.20 Class II appliances shall be so designed that creepage distances and
clearances over supplementary insulation or reinforced insulation cannot,
as a result of wear, be reduced below the values specified in 29.1. They
shall be so constructed that, should any wire, screw, nut, washer, spring
or similar part become loose or fall out of position, it cannot, in normal
use, become so disposed that creepage distances or clearances over
supplementary insulation or reinforced insulation are reduced to less
than 50 percent of the value specified in 29.1.
Compliance is checked by inspection, by measurement and by manual
test. For the purpose of this requirement:
it is not to be expected that two independent fixings will become loose
at the same time;
parts fixed by means of screws or nuts provided with locking washers
are regarded as not liable to become loose, provided these screws or

*Specification for PVC insulated cables for working voltages up to and including
1 100 volts ( second revision ).
†Specification for rubber insulated cables: Part I With copper conductors ( revised ).

71
IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
nuts are not required to be removed during the replacement of the
power supply cord or other routine servicing;
brush-caps complying with the requirements of 22.34 are regarded as
not liable to become loose;
wires connected by soldering are not considered to be adequately fixed,
unless they are held in place near to the termination, independently of
the solder;
wires connected to terminals are not considered to be adequately
secured, unless an additional fixing is provided near to the terminal, so
that in the case of stranded conductors, this fixing clamps both the
insulation and the conductor; and
short rigid wires are not regarded as liable to come away from a
terminal, if they remain in position when the terminal screw is
loosened.
22.21 Supplementary insulation and reinforced insulation shall be so
designed or protected that they are not likely to be impaired by deposition
of dirt, or by dust resulting from wear of parts within the appliance, to
such an extent that creepage distances or clearances are reduced below
the values specified in 29.1.
Ceramic material not tightly sintered and similar materials, and beads
alone, shall not be used as supplementary insulation or reinforced
insulation.
Parts of natural or synthetic rubber used as supplementary insulation in
Class II appliances shall be resistant to ageing and be so arranged and
dimensioned that creepage distances are not reduced below the values
specified in 29.1, even if cracks occur.
Compliance is checked by inspection, by measurement and, for rubber, by
the following test:
Parts of rubber are aged in an atmosphere of oxygen under pressure.
The samples are suspended freely in an oxygen bomb, the effective
capacity of the bomb being at least ten times the volume of the
samples. The bomb is filled with commercial oxygen not less than 97
percent pure, to a pressure of 210 ± 7 N/cm2 (2.1 ± 0.07 MPa).
The samples are kept in the bomb at a temperature of 70 ± 1°C, for 4
days (96 hours). Immediately afterwards they are taken out of the
bomb and left at room temperature, avoiding direct daylight, for at
least 16 hours.
After the test, the samples are examined and shall show no crack
visible to the naked eye.
Insulating material in which heating conductors are embedded is
considered as basic insulation and must not be used as reinforced
insulation.

72
 IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
In case of doubt with regard to materials other than rubber, special tests
may be made.
The use of the oxygen bomb presents some danger unless handled with
care. All precautions should be taken to avoid the risk of explosion due to
sudden oxidation.
22.22 Direct contact between bare live parts and thermal insulation shall
be effectively prevented, unless such material is non-corrosive, non-
hygroscopic and non-combustible.
Compliance is checked by inspection and by the tests of 15 and 16, and, if
necessary, by chemical tests or flammability tests.
Glass wool is an example of thermal insulation which is satisfactory for
the purpose of this requirement.
Non-impregnated slag-wool is an example of corrosive thermal insulation.
22.23 Handles shall be so constructed that, when gripped as in normal
use, contact between the operator’s hand and parts having a temperature
rise exceeding the value allowed for handles which, in normal use, are
held for short periods only, is unlikely.
Compliance is checked by inspection and, if necessary, by determining the
temperature rise.
If the temperature rise of a rivet or a screw in a barrier or handle exceeds
the value specified for the handle in the table of 11.8, the rivet or screw
must not be accessible.
22.24 Bare heating elements in Class II appliances and, for other
appliances, bare heating elements which glow visibly in normal use shall
be so supported that, in cast of rupture, the heating conductor cannot
come into contact with accessible metal parts.
Compliance is checked by inspection, after cutting the heating conductor
in the most unfavourable place.
This requirement applies even if the glowing heating element is not
visible from the outside of the appliance. The test is made after the tests
of 29.
22.25 Class II appliances shall be so constructed that sagging of heating
conductors cannot make accessible metal parts live.
Compliance is checked by inspection.
This requirement may be met by providing, for example, supplementary
insulation or an envelope or a core which effectively prevents the heating
conductor from sagging.

73
IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
22.26 Appliances containing liquid in normal use, or provided with steam-
producing devices, shall incorporate adequate safeguards against the risk
of excessive pressure.
Compliance is checked by inspection and, if necessary, by an appropriate
test.
22.27 Spacers intended to prevent the appliance from overheating walls
and the like shall be so fixed that it is not possible to remove them from
the outside of the appliance by means of a screwdriver or spanner.
Compliance is checked by inspection and by manual test.
22.28 Current-carrying parts and other metal parts, the corrosion of
which might result in a hazard, shall be resistant to corrosion under
normal conditions of use.
Compliance is checked by verifying that after the tests of 19, the relevant
parts show no sign of corrosion.
Attention must be paid to the compatibility of the materials of terminals
and terminations and to the effect of heating.
Stainless steel and similar corrosion-resistant alloys and plated steel are
considered to be satisfactory for the purpose of this requirement.
22.29 For Class II appliances connected in normal use to the gas supply
mains or to the water supply mains, metal parts conductively connected
to the gas pipes or in contact with the water, shall be separated from live
parts by double insulation or reinforced insulation.
Class II appliances intended to be permanently connected to fixed wiring
shall be so designed that the required degree of protection against electric
shock is maintained during installation of the appliance.
Compliance is checked by inspection.
The protection against electric shock of Class II stationary appliances
may be affected, for example, by the installation of metal conduits or of
cables provided with a metal sheath.
22.30 For appliances having compartments to which access can be gained
without the aid of a tool and which are likely to be cleaned in normal use,
the electrical connections shall be so arranged that they are not subject to
pulling during user maintenance.
Compliance is checked by inspection and by manual test.
22.31 Appliances shall be so constructed that internal wiring, windings,
commutators, slip rings and the like, and insulation in general, are not
exposed to oil, grease or similar substances, unless the construction
necessitates that insulation be exposed to oil or grease, as in gears and
the like, in which case the oil or grease shall have adequate insulating
properties.
Compliance is checked by inspection.

74
 IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
Exposure of internal wiring, windings, commutators, slip rings and the
like, and of insulation in general, to oil, grease and similar substances is
allowed, provided these substances have no deleterious effect on such
parts.
22.32 It shall not be possible to gain access, without the aid of a tool, to
brushes while they are live.
Screw-type brush-caps shall screw home against a shoulder or similar
abutment, and shall engage by a minimum of three full threads.
Brush-holders which retain the brushes in position by means of a locking
device shall be so designed that the locking does not depend upon the
brush-spring tension, if loosening of the locking device might make
accessible metal parts live.
Screw-type brush-caps which are accessible from the outside of the
appliances shall be of insulating material or be covered with insulating
material of adequate mechanical and electrical strength; they shall not
project beyond the outer-most surrounding surface of the appliance.
Compliance is checked by inspection, by manual test and, for screw-type
brush-caps which are accessible from the outside of the appliance, by the
test of 21.1.
22.33 Radio and television interference suppressors shall be so fitted that
they are adequately protected by the appliance against mechanical
damage, when the appliance is in its normal position of use.
Compliance is checked by inspection and by the test of 21.1.
These suppressors may be either within the enclosure of the appliance or,
for appliances normally used on the floor or a table, or normally fixed to a
wall, within a recess.
Care should be taken, when designing the appliance, to allow adequate
space for fitting these suppressors.
23. INTERNAL WIRING
23.1 Wireways shall be smooth and free from sharp edges.
Wires shall be protected so that they do not come into contact with burrs,
cooling fins, etc, which may cause damage to their insulation.
Holes in metal through which insulated wires pass shall have smooth
well-rounded surfaces or be provided with bushings.
Wiring shall be effectively prevented from coming into contact with
moving parts.

75
IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
23.2 Internal wiring and electrical connections between different parts of
the appliance shall be adequately protected or enclosed.
Compliance with the requirements of 23.1 and 23.2 is checked by
inspection.
23.3 Beads and similar ceramic insulators on live wires shall be so fixed
or supported that they cannot appreciably change their position; they
shall not rest on sharp edges or sharp corners. If beads are inside flexible
metal conduits, they shall be contained within an insulating sleeve,
unless the conduit cannot move in normal use.
Compliance is checked by inspection and by manual test.
23.4 Wiring between different parts of an appliance which can move in
normal use or during user servicing relative to each other and its
electrical connections including those providing earthing continuity shall
not be exposed to undue stress.
If flexible metallic tubes are used for the protection of conductors between
these parts, such tubes shall not cause damage to the insulation of the
conductors contained therein.
Open-coil springs shall not be used to protect conductors. If a coiled
spring, the turns of which touch one another, is used for this purpose, an
adequate insulating lining shall be provided in addition to the insulation
of the conductors.
Compliance is checked by inspection and by the following test:
If flexing occurs in normal use the appliance is placed in the normal
position of use and is operated at rated voltage or at the upper limit of
the rated voltage range, in accordance with conditions of adequate heat
discharge and/or under normal load.
The movable part is moved backwards and forwards, so that the
conductor is flexed through the largest angle permitted by the design.
The number of flexings for conductors flexed in normal use is 10 000
and the rate of flexing 30 per minute.
After the test, the appliance shall show no damage within the meaning
of this standard and no damage impairing its further use. In
particular, the wiring and its connections shall withstand an electric
strength test as specified in 16.4, the test voltage of 1 000 V being
applied between live parts and other metal parts only.
A flexing is one movement, either backwards or forwards. The sheath of a
flexible cable or cord complying with IS : 694-1977* is regarded as an
adequate insulating lining.

*Spcification for PVC insulated cables for working voltages up to and including
1 100 volts ( second revision ).

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 IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
Individual appliance specifications may specify test for conductors flexed
during user maintenance.
23.5 Internal wiring and heating conductors shall be either so rigid and so
fixed or so insulated that, in normal use, creepage distances and
clearances cannot be reduced below the values specified in 29.1.
The insulation, if any, shall be such that it cannot be damaged in normal
use.
Compliance is checked by inspection, by measurement and by manual
test.
If the insulation of a conductor is not at least electrically equivalent to
that of the cables or flexible cords complying with IS : 9968 (Part 1)-1981*
or its revision and IS : 694-1977†, that conductor is considered to be a
bare conductor. In case of doubt, an electric strength test is made between
the conductor and metal foil wrapped round the insulation, a test voltage
of 1 500 V being applied for 15 minutes.
Particular attention is paid to the anchoring of the ends of heating
conductors.
23.6 Conductors identified by the colour green shall not be connected to
terminals other than earthing terminals.
23.7 In appliances intended to be permanently connected to fixed wiring,
the bottom contact of D-type fuse-bases shall be directly connected to the
terminal intended for the phase conductor of the supply.
23.8 If aluminium wires are used for internal wiring precautions shall be
taken to avoid terminal corrosion and maintain sufficient contact
pressure ( see IS : 732-1963‡ ).
24. COMPONENTS
24.1 The components generally used for household electrical appliances
are listed in 24.11 alongwith the relevant Indian Standards where
available, for information and guidance.
If components are marked with their operating characteristics, the
conditions under which they are used in the appliance shall be in
accordance with these markings unless a specific exception is made.

*Specification for elastomer insulated cables: Part 1 For working voltages up to and
including 1 100 V.
†Specification for PVC insulated cables for working voltages up to and including
1 100 Volts ( Second revision ).
‡Code of practice for electrical wiring installations (system voltage not exceeding
650 volts) ( revised ).

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IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
Capacitors shall be marked with their rated voltage in volts, and their
rated capacitance in microfarads.
The testing of components other than control devices incorporated in the
appliances which have to comply with other standards is, in general,
carried out separately, according to the relevant standard as follows:
If the component is marked and used in accordance with its marking, it
is tested in accordance with its marking, the number of samples being
that required by the relevant standard.
Where no Indian Standard exists for the relevant component or where
the component is not marked, or is used not in accordance with its
marking, the component is tested under the conditions occurring in the
appliance, the number of samples being, in general, that required by a
similar specification.
For capacitors connected in series with a motor winding, it is verified
that, when the appliance is operated at a voltage equal to 1.1 times the
rated voltage and under minimum load, the voltage across the
capacitor does not exceed 1.1 times the rated voltage of the capacitor.
NOTE — Additional tests for electrolytic starting capacitors are under consideration.
Until the Indian Standard for all types of thermostats, thermal cutouts
and the like is issued, this standard, as far as is reasonable, together with
Appendix G, is applicable to these controls.
Components incorporated in the appliance are subjected to all the tests of
this standard as part of the appliance.
Compliance with the Indian Standard for the relevant component does
not necessarily ensure compliance with the requirements of this standard.
A specific exception with regard to the testing of switches, and
thermostats is made in the first note under Table 1 given on page 38.
24.2 Appliances shall not be fitted with:
a) switches in flexible cables or cords, unless permitted in the
individual appliance specification;
b) devices which, in the event of a fault in the appliance, cause the
interruption of the supply by applying a short circuit; and
c) thermal cut-outs which can be reset by a soldering operation.
24.3 Switches, other than those for pilot lamps, intended to disconnect the
appliance from the supply and directly connected to the supply terminals
of stationary appliances, shall disconnect all poles and shall have a
contact separation of at least 3 mm.
This requirement does not apply to appliances which are accompanied by
an instruction sheet as specified in 7.12 or are provided with a power
supply cord and a plug.

78
 IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
Lamps intended for illumination purposes are not considered as pilot
lamps.
Compliance with the requirements of 24.2 and 24.3 is checked by
inspection.
24.4 Plugs and socket-outlets used as terminal devices for heating
elements, and plugs and socket-outlets for extra-low voltage circuits, shall
not be interchangeable with plugs and socket-outlets complying with
IS : 1293-1967* or with connectors and appliance inlets complying with
IS : 3010 (Parts I and II)-1965†.
24.5 Plugs and socket-outlets and other connecting devices on flexible
cables or cords, used for an intermediate connection between different
parts of an appliance, shall not be interchangeable with plugs and socket-
outlets complying with IS : 1293-1967* or with connectors and appliance
inlets complying with IS : 3010 (Part I)-1965†, and
IS : 3010 (Part II) : 1965†, if direct supply of these parts from the mains
could cause danger to persons or surroundings, or damage to the
appliance.
Compliance with the requirements of 24.4 and 24.5 is checked by
inspection and by manual test.
24.6 Lampholders shall be used only for the connection of lamps.
24.7 For glow-discharge lamps used as indicator lamps, series resistors
shall be incorporated in the appliance.
24.8 Capacitors shall not be connected between the contacts of a thermal
cut-out.
24.9 Motor-operated appliances which are moved while in operation shall
be fitted with a switch in their supply circuit.
24.10 Mercury switches shall be so mounted that the mercury capsule
cannot fall out of position or be damaged by its clamping means.
Compliance with the requirements of 24.6 to 24.10 is checked by
inspection.

*Specification for three-pin plugs and socket-outlets ( first revision ).

†Specification for appliance connectors and appliance inlets (non-reversible
three-pin type):
Part I Appliance connectors
Part II Appliance inlets

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IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
24.11 The following component parts that are generally used in
appliances are covered by Indian Standards given against them:

Component Applicable Indian Standard

a) Cable and cords IS : 434 (Part I) : 1964 and IS : 434 (Part II)-
1964 Specification for rubber-insulated
cables: Part I With copper conductors
( revised ), Part II With aluminium
conductors ( revised )
IS : 694-1977 Specification for PVC insulated
cables for working voltages up to and
including 1 100 volts ( second revision )
b) Safety transformers IS : 1416-1972 Specification for safety
transformers ( first revision )
c) Switches IS : 3854-1966 Specification for switches for
domestic and similar purposes
d) Appliance-connectors IS : 3010 (Part I)-1965 Specification for
appliance-connectors and appliance-inlets
(non-reversible three-pin type) : Part I
Appliance-connectors
e) Appliance-inlets IS : 3010 (Part II)-1965 Specification for
appliance-connectors and appliance-inlets
(non-reversible three-pin type) : Part II
Appliance-inlets
f) Three-pin plugs and IS : 1293-1967 Specification for three-pin
socket outlets plugs and socket-outlets ( first revision )
g) Thermostats IS : 3017-1965 Specification for thermostats
for use with electric water heaters
IS : 4165-1967 Specification for thermostats
for general purpose electric ovens (other
thermostats specifications are under
preparation)
h) Resistance wires, IS : 3725-1966 Specification for resistance
tapes and strips for wires, tapes and strips for heating
heating elements elements
j) Heating elements IS ; 3724-1966 Specification for cartridge
type heating elements (non-embedded)
type

80
 IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979

Component Applicable Indian Standard

IS : 4158-1967 Specification for solid

embedded type electric heating elements
(other heating elements specifications are
under preparation)
IS : 4159-1976 Specification for mineral
filled sheathed heating elements ( first
revision )
k) Bayonet IS : 1258-1967 Specification for bayonet
lampholders lampholders ( first revision )
m) Single-phase small IS : 996-1979 Specification for single-phase
ac and universal small ac and universal electric motors
electric motors ( second revision )
n) Mica insulated IS 6446 : 1986 Specification for mica
heating element insulated heating elements ( first
revision )
p) Three pin plug made IS 6538 : 1971 Specification for three pin
of resilient material plugs made of resilient material

25. SUPPLY CONNECTION AND EXTERNAL FLEXIBLE

CABLES AND CORDS
25.1 Appliances shall be provided with one of the following means of
connection to the supply:
a) A set of terminals for permanent connection to fixed wiring,
b) A set of supply leads for permanent connection to fixed wiring,
c) An appliance inlet, or
d) A power supply cord.
Appliances shall not be provided with more than one means of connection
to the supply, with the exception that stationary appliances for multiple
supply intended to be permanently connected to fixed wiring may be
provided with more than one set of terminals or with more than one set of
supply leads provided the relevant circuits are adequately insulated from
one another.
Compliance is checked by inspection and, for appliances for multiple
supply, by the following test.
A voltage of 1 000 V, of substantially sine-wave form and having a
frequency of 50 Hz, is consecutively applied, for 1 minute between each
set of terminals or supply leads, connected together, and all other

81
IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
terminals or supply leads connected together, any switches in the
circuit being in the most unfavourable position.
During this test, no flashover or breakdown shall occur.
This test may be combined with that of 16.4.
25.2 Appliances intended to be permanently connected to fixed wiring
shall allow the connection of the supply wires after the appliance has been
fixed to its support according to the manufacturer’s instructions, and
shall be provided with:
a) a set of terminals allowing the connection of cables for fixed wiring
of the nominal cross-sectional areas specified in 26.2;
b) a set of supply leads accommodated in a suitable compartment; and
c) cable entries, conduit entries, knock-outs or glands, which allow the
connection of the appropriate types of cable or conduit.
For appliances having a rated current not exceeding 16 A, the entries
shall be suitable for cables or conduits having a maximum overall
diameter as shown in the following table:

Number of Conductors, Maximum Overall

Including the Earthing Conductor Diameter













Cable Conduit
mm mm
2 13.0 16.0
3 14.0 16.0
4 14.5 19.0
5 15.5 19.0
Conduit entries, cable entries and knock-outs shall be so designed or
located that the introduction of the conduit or cable does not affect the
protection against electric shock, or reduce creepage distances and
clearances below the values specified in 29.1.
Appliances not intended to be permanently connected to fixed wiring shall
be provided with:
a power supply cord; or
an appliance inlet.
Drip-proof, splash-proof and watertight appliances shall not be provided
with an appliance inlet.
Compliance is checked by inspection and measurement.
25.3 Appliance inlets shall:
a) be so located or enclosed that live parts are not accessible during
insertion or removal of the connector;

82
 IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
b) be so placed that the connector can be inserted without difficulty;
and
c) be so placed that, after insertion of the connector, the appliance is
not supported by the connector for any position of normal use on a
flat surface.
Compliance is checked by inspection and, with regard to the first
requirement, by means of the standard test finger shown in Fig. 1.
Appliances provided with appliance inlets complying with IS : 3010
(Part II)-1965* are considered to comply with the first requirement.
25.4 Power supply cords shall be assembled with the appliance by one of
the following methods:
type X attachment,
type Y attachment,
type M attachment, or
type Z attachment, if specifically allowed in individual appliance
specification.
Compliance is checked by inspection and, if necessary, by manual test.
25.5 Plugs shall not be fitted with more than one flexible cable or cord.
Power supply cords of single-phase portable appliances having a rated
current not exceeding 16 A may be provided with a plug.
Compliance is checked by inspection.
25.6 Power supply cords shall not be inferior to ordinary tough rubber
sheathed flexible cord or ordinary PVC sheathed flexible cord
[ see IS : 434 (Part I)-1964† and IS : 694 : 1977‡ ].
Polyvinyl chloride insulated flexible cables or cords shall not be used for
appliances having external metal parts the temperature rise of which
exceeds 75°C during the test of 11, unless the design of the appliance is
such that the power supply cord is not likely to touch such metal parts in
normal use or, for type M, type Y and type Z attachments, the power
supply cord is appropriate for higher temperatures.
For Class I appliances, the power supply cord shall be provided with a
green core, which is connected to the internal earthing terminal of the
appliance and to the earthing contact of the plug. The colour of the cores

*Specification for appliance-connectors and appliance-inlets (non-reversible three-

pin type) : Part II Appliance inlets.
†Specification for rubber insulated cables: Part I With copper conductors ( revised ).
‡Specification for PVC insulated cables for working voltages up to and including
1 100 volts ( second revision ).

83
IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
intended for live and neutral connection shall be red and black
respectively.
Power supply cords shall not be exposed to sharp points within, or cutting
edges of, the surface of the appliance.
Power supply cords shall have a nominal cross-sectional area not less
than those shown in the following table:*

Rated Current of Appliance Nominal Cross-

A Sectional Area
mm2
Up to and including 3 0.50*
Over 3 up to and including 10 0.75
Over 10 up to and including 13.5 1
Over 13.5 up to and including 16 1.5
Over 16 up to and including 25 2.5
Over 25 up to and including 32 4
Over 32 up to and including 40 6
Over 40 up to and including 63 10
Compliance is checked by inspection and by measurement.
25.7 For type Z attachment, moulding together the enclosure of the
appliance and the power supply cord shall not affect the insulation of the
cable or cord.
Compliance is checked by inspection.
25.8 Inlet openings shall be so designed and shaped, or shall be provided
with an inlet bushing such, that the protective covering of the power
supply cord can be introduced without risk of damage.
The insulation between the conductor and the enclosure shall consist of
the insulation of the conductor and, in addition:
for Class I appliances, of at least one separate insulation;
for Class II appliances, of at least two separate insulations.
A separate insulation shall consist of:
a) the sheath of a power supply cord at least equivalent to that of a
cable or cord complying with IS : 434 (Part I)-1964† or
IS : 694-1977‡; or

*For rated current up to 3A, a nominal cross-sectional area of 0.5 mm2 is only
allowed if specifically stated in individual appliance specification provided the length of
the cord does not exceed 2 m.
†Specification for rubber insulated cables: Part I With copper conductors ( revised ).
‡Specification for PVC insulated cables for working voltages up to and including
1 100 volts ( second revision ).

84
 IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
b) a lining of insulating material complying with the requirements for
supplementary insulation, or
c) a bushing of insulating material complying with the requirements
for supplementary insulation, in case of metal enclosures, or
d) an enclosure of insulating material in which case two separate
insulations are not necessary.
25.9 Inlet bushings shall:
a) be so shaped as to prevent damage to the power supply cord;
b) be reliably fixed;
c) not be removable without the aid of a tool;
d) not, for type X attachment, be integral with the power supply cord;
and
e) not be of rubber, except if it is an integral part of the rubber sheath
of the power supply cord for type M, type Y and type Z attachments
for Class 1 appliances.
Compliance with the requirements of 25.8 and 25.9 is checked by
inspection and by manual test.
25.10 Appliances which are moved while in operation shall be provided
with a cord guard at the inlet opening for the power supply cord, unless
the inlet or bushing is provided with a smoothly rounded bell-mouthed
opening having a radius of curvature at least equal to 1.5 times the
overall diameter of the cable or cord with the largest cross-sectional area
to be connected.
Cord guards shall:
a) be so designed as to protect the cable or cord against excessive
bending where it enters into the appliance;
b) be of insulating material;
c) be fixed in a reliable manner;
d) project outside the appliance for a distance beyond the inlet opening
of at least five times the overall diameter or, for flat cords, at least
five times the major overall dimension, of the cable or cord delivered
with the appliance or they shall comply with the flexing test; and
e) be integral with the power supply cord except for type X attachment.
Compliance is checked by inspection, by measurement and by the
following test.
The appliance is tested with the cable or cord, which has a length of
approximately 10 cm.

85
IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
The appliance is so held that the axis of the cord guard, where the
cable or cord leaves it, projects upwards at an angle of 45° to the
horizontal when the cable or cord is free from stress.
A mass equal to 10 D2 g is then attached to the free end of the cable or
cord, D being, in millimetres, the overall diameter or, for flat cords, the
minor overall dimension, of the cable or cord delivered with the
appliance.
If the cord guard is of material which is sensitive to temperature, the
test is made at a temperature of 27 ± 2°C.
Flat cords are bent in a direction perpendicular to the plane containing
the axes of the cores.
Immediately after the mass has been attached, the radius of curvature
of the cable or cord shall nowhere be less than 1.5 D.
For guards which do not comply with the dimensional requirement of this
clause, a sample of the guard, together with the cable or cord delivered
with the appliance, is to be subjected to 5 000 cycles of flexing. The guard
is mounted in the appliance with a 60 cm to 100 cm length of cord. With
the appliance held stationary, the guard is flexed by moving the cord back
and forth in a plane through an angle of approximately 180°. At the end of
the test, the guard and the cord shall show no unusual signs of abrasion
or wear.
25.11 Appliances provided with a power supply cord shall have cord
anchorages such that the conductors are relieved from strain, including
twisting, where they are connected within the appliance, and that the
insulation of the conductors is protected from abrasion.
If, for type X attachment, the cord anchorage comprises one or more
clamping members intended to be pressed by means of one or more nuts
engaging with studs which are securely attached to the appliance, the
cord anchorage is considered to have one part securely fixed to the
appliance, even if the clamping members can be removed from the studs.
If, however, the clamping member(s) are intended to be pressed by means
of one or more screws engaging either with separate nuts or with a thread
in a part which is integral with the appliance, the cord anchorage is not
considered to have the part securely fixed to the appliance, or the surface
of the appliance is of insulating material and so shaped that it is obvious
that this surface is one of the clamping members.
For type X attachment, glands shall not be used as cord anchorages in
portable appliances, unless they have provision for clamping all types and
sizes of cables and cords which might be used as the power supply cord,
and production methods, such as moulded-on designs, tying the cable or
cord into a knot or tying the ends with string, are not allowed; labyrinths

86
 IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
or similar means are permitted, provided that it is clear how the power
supply cord is to be assembled.
For type X attachment, cord anchorages shall be so designed or located
that:
a) replacement of the cable or cord is easily possible;
b) it is clear how the relief from strain and the prevention of twisting
are to be obtained;
c) they are suitable for the different types of cable or cord which may be
connected, unless the appliance is so designed that only one type of
cable or cord can be fitted;
d) the cable or cord cannot touch the clamping screws of the cord
anchorage, if these screws are accessible or electrically connected to
accessible metal parts;
e) the cord is not clamped by a metal screw which bears directly on the
cord;
f) at least one part of the cord anchorage is securely fixed to the
appliance;
g) screws, if any, which have to be operated when replacing the cable or
cord, do not serve to fix any other component, unless, when omitted
or incorrectly mounted, they render the appliance inoperative or
clearly incomplete or unless the parts intended to be fastened by
them cannot be removed without the aid of a tool during the
replacement of the cable or cord;
h) for Class I appliances, they are of insulating material or are
provided with an insulating lining, if otherwise an insulation fault
on the cable or cord could make accessible metal parts live; and
j) for Class II appliances, they are of insulating material, or, if of metal,
are insulated from accessible metal parts by insulation complying
with the requirements for supplementary insulation.
For type M, type Y and type Z attachments, the cores of the power supply
cord shall be insulated from accessible metal parts by insulation
complying with the requirements for basic insulation for Class I
appliances and complying with the requirements for supplementary
insulation for Class II appliances. This insulation shall consist of:
a) a separate insulating barrier fixed to the cord anchorage;
b) a special sleeve or grommet fixed to the cable or cord; or
c) for Class I appliances, the sheath of a sheathed cable or cord.
For type M and type Y attachments, cord anchorages shall be so designed
that:
a) the replacement of the power supply cord does not impair
compliance with this standard;

87
IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
b) the cable or cord cannot touch clamping screws of the cord
anchorage, if these screws are accessible or electrically connected to
accessible metal parts;
c) the cable or cord is not clamped by a metal screw which bears
directly on the cable or cord;
d) knots in the cord are not to be used, unless specifically allowed in
individual appliance standard;
e) labyrinths or similar means are permitted, provided that it is clear
how the power supply cord is to be assembled;
For type M attachment, it is clear how the relief from strain and the
prevention of twisting is to be obtained.
Compliance is checked by inspection and by the following test.
For type X attachment, the appliance is fitted with a suitable power
supply cord. The conductors are introduced into the terminals, the
terminal screws, if any, being tightened just sufficiently to prevent the
conductors from easily, changing their position. The cord anchorage is
used in the normal way, its clamping screws being tightened with a
torque equal to two-thirds of that specified in 28.1.
The tests are first made with the lightest permissible type of cable or
cord of the smallest cross-sectional area specified in 26.2, and then
with the next heavier type of cable or cord of the largest cross-sectional
area specified, unless the appliance is so designed that only one type of
cable or cord can be fitted.
For type M, type Y and type Z attachments, the appliance is tested
with the cord in place.
It shall not be possible to push the cable or cord into the appliance to
such an extent that the cable or cord, or internal parts of the appliance,
could be damaged.
The cable or cord is then subjected 25 times to a pull of the value
shown in the table below. The pulls are applied in the most
unfavourable direction without jerks, each time for 1 second.
Immediately afterwards, the cable or cord is subjected for 1 minute to a
torque of the value shown in the following table:

Mass of Appliance Pull Torque

kg N Nm
Up to and including 1 30 0.1
over 1 up to and including 4 60 0.25
over 4 100 0.35
During the tests, the cable or cord shall not be damaged.

88
 IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
After the tests, the cable or cord shall not have been longitudinally
displaced by more than 2 mm and the conductors shall not have moved
over a distance of more than 1 mm in the terminals, nor shall there be
appreciable strain at the connection.
Creepage distances and clearances shall not be reduced below the values
specified in 29.1.
For the measurement of the longitudinal displacement, a mark is made
on the cable or cord while it is subjected to the pull, at a distance of
approximately 2 cm from the cord anchorage or other suitable point,
before starting the tests.
After the tests, the displacement of the mark on the cable or cord in
relation to the cord anchorage or other point is measured while the cable
or cord is subjected to the pull.
25.12 The space for the supply cables or the power supply cord provided
inside, or as a part of, the appliance, for the connection:
a) to fixed wiring and for type X, type M and type Y attachments:
1) shall be so designed as to permit checking, before fitting the cover,
if any, that the conductors are correctly connected and positioned;
2) shall be so designed that covers, if any, can be fitted without risk
of damage to the supply conductors or their insulation; and
3) for portable appliances, shall be so designed that the uninsulated
end of the conductor, should it become free from the terminal,
cannot come into contact with accessible metal parts, unless, for
type M and type Y attachments, the cord is provided with
terminations that are unlikely to slip free of the conductor; and
b) to fixed wiring and for type X attachment, in addition:
1) shall be adequate to allow the conductors to be easily introduced
and connected; and
2) shall be so designed that covers, if any, giving access to terminals
for external conductors can be removed without the aid of a tool
specially designed for this purpose.
Compliance is checked by inspection and, for connections to fixed wiring
and for type X attachment, by an installation test with cables or flexible
cords of the largest cross-sectional area specified in 26.2.
A test for portable appliances is under consideration.
25.13 Detachable and non-detachable function and interconnection
flexible cables or cords shall comply with the requirements for the supply
cable or cord, except that:
a) appliance couplers and appliance inlets used for the function and
interconnection flexible cable or cord shall not be interchangeable

89
IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
with the appliance couplers and appliance inlets used for the supply
cable or cord, if this might impair compliance with this standard;
b) the cross-sectional area of the conductors of the function and
interconnection flexible cable or cord is determined on the basis of
the maximum current carried by the conductor during the test of 11
and not by the rated current of the appliance; and
c) the thickness of the insulation on the individual cores may be less
than required, depending on the voltage of the circuit in which the
particular conductor is used.
Compliance is checked by inspection and, if necessary, by tests, such as an
electric strength test as specified in 16.4.
A function and interconnection flexible cable or cord is considered to be a
flexible cable or cord provided as a part of a complete appliance for
purposes other than supply (that is a remote hand-held switching device,
an exposed interconnection between two parts of an appliance, a separate
signalling circuit).
25.14 Detachable flexible cables and cords used for the interconnection
between different parts of an appliance shall not be provided with a
means for connection such that accessible metal parts are live when the
connection is disconnected due to the disengagement of one of the
connecting means.
Compliance is checked by inspection and, if necessary, by means of the
standard test finger shown in Fig. 1.
26. TERMINALS FOR EXTERNAL CONDUCTORS
26.1 Appliances, other than those provided with supply leads and those
with type Y and type Z attachments, shall be provided with terminals in
which connection is made by means of screws, nuts or equally effective
devices.
Screws and nuts which clamp external conductors shall have ISO metric
screw thread or a thread comparable in pitch and mechanical strength.
They shall not serve to fix any other component, except that they may also
clamp internal conductors if these are so arranged that they are unlikely
to be displaced when fitting the supply conductors.
For appliances with type X and type M attachments and having a rated
input not exceeding 250 W, soldered connections may be used for the
connection of external conductors, provided that the conductor is so
positioned or fixed that reliance is not placed upon the soldering alone to
maintain the conductor in position, unless barriers are provided such that
creepage distances and clearances between live parts and other metal
parts cannot be reduced to less than 50 percent of the values specified
in 29.1 should the conductor become free at the soldered joint.

90
 IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
For type Y and type Z attachments, soldered, welded, crimped and similar
connections may be used for the connection of external conductors;
moreover, for Class II appliances, the conductors shall be so positioned or
fixed that reliance is not placed upon the soldering, crimping or welding
alone to maintain the conductor in position, unless barriers are provided
such that creepage distances and clearances between live parts and other
metal parts cannot be reduced to less than 50 percent of the values
specified in 29.1 should the conductor become free at the soldered or
welded joint, or slip out of the crimped connection.
For the purpose of the requirements for power supply cords:
a) it is not to be expected that two independent fixings will become
loose at the same time;
b) conductors connected by soldering are not considered to be
adequately fixed, unless they are held in place near to the
termination, independently of the solder, but “hooking in” before the
soldering is, in general, considered to be a suitable means for
maintaining the conductors of a power supply cord other than a
tinsel cord in position, provided the hole through which the
conductor is passed is not unduly large; and
c) conductors connected to terminals or terminations by other means
are not considered to be adequately fixed, unless an additional fixing
is provided near to the terminal or termination; this additional
fixing, in the case of stranded conductors, clamps both the insulation
and the conductor.
The terminals of a component (for example a switch) built into the
appliance — on the assumption that they comply with the requirements
of this clause — may be used as terminals intended for external
conductors.
Requirements for resilient connecting means and other terminals without
clamping screws or nuts are under consideration.
26.2 Terminals for connection to fixed wiring and those for type X
attachment shall allow the connection of conductors having nominal
cross-sectional areas as shown in the following table:
Rated Current of Appliance Nominal Cross-Sectional Area
A mm
















Flexible Cables for

cables and fixed
cords wiring
Up to and including 3 0.5 to 0.75 1 to 2.5
Over 3 up to and including 10 0.75 to 1.5 1 to 2.5
Over 10 up to and including 13.5 1 to 1.5 1.5 to 4
Over 13.5 up to and including 16 1.5 to 2.5 1.5 to 4

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IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979

Over 16 up to and including 25 2.5 to 4 2.5 to 6

Over 25 up to and including 32 4 to 6 4 to 10
Over 32 up to and including 40 6 to 10 6 to 16
Over 40 up to and including 63 10 to 16 10 to 25
Compliance with the requirements of 26.1 and 26.2 is checked by
inspection, by measurement and by fitting cables or cords of the smallest
and largest cross-sectional areas specified.
26.3 Terminals for type M, type Y and type Z attachments shall be
suitable for their purpose.
Compliance is checked by inspection and by applying a pull to the
connection of 5 N.
After the test, the temperature rise of the terminal or termination,
determined under the conditions specified in 11.7, shall not exceed the
value specified in 11.8.
26.4 For appliances other than those provided with supply leads and
those with type Y and type Z attachments, terminals shall be so fixed
that, when the clamping means is tightened or loosened, the terminal
does not work loose, internal wiring is not subjected to stress and
creepage distances and clearances are not reduced below the values
specified in 29.1.
Compliance is checked by inspection and by measurement after fastening
and loosening ten times a conductor of the largest cross-sectional area
specified in 26.2, the torque applied being equal to two-thirds of the
torque specified in 28.1.
Terminals may be prevented from working loose by fixing with two
screws, by fixing with one screw in a recess such that there is no
appreciable play, or by other suitable means.
Covering with sealing compound without other means of locking is not
considered to be sufficient. Self-hardening resins may, however, be used
to lock terminals which are not subject to torsion in normal use.
26.5 For appliances other than those provided with supply leads and
those with type Y and type Z attachments, terminals shall be so designed
that they clamp the conductor between metal surfaces with sufficient
contact pressure and without damage to the conductor.
26.6 For appliances other than those provided with supply leads and
those with type Y and type Z attachments, terminals shall not require
special preparation of the conductor in order to effect correct connection,
and they shall be so designed or placed that the conductor cannot slip out
when the clamping screws or nuts are tightened.
Compliance with the requirements of 26.5 and 26.6 is checked by
inspection of the terminals and of the conductors, after the test of 26.4.

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 IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
The term ‘special preparation of the conductor’ covers soldering of the
strands, use of cable lugs, formation of eyelets, etc, but not the reshaping
of the conductor before its introduction into the terminal or the twisting of
a stranded conductor to consolidate the end.
Conductors are considered to be damaged if they show deep or sharp
indentations.
26.7 Terminals of the pillar type shall have dimensions as shown in the
following table, except that the length of the thread in the pillar may be
reduced, if the mechanical strength is adequate and at least two full
threads are in engagement when a conductor of the smallest
cross-sectional area specified in 26.2 is tightly clamped.
Rated Current of Minimum Minimum Minimum Maximum
Appliance Nominal Diameter of Length of Difference
Thread Hole for Thread in Between
Diameter Conductor Pillar Diameter of
Hole and
Nominal
Thread
Diameter
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
A mm mm mm mm
Up to and including 10 3.0 3.0 2.0 0.6
Over 10 up to and including
16 3.5 3.5 2.5 0.6
Over 16 up to and including
25 4.0 4.0 3.0 0.6
Over 25 up to and including
32 4.0 4.5 3.0 1.0
Over 32 up to and including
40 5.0 5.5 4.0 1.3
Over 40 up to and including
63 6.0 7.0 4.0 1.5
The length of the threaded part of the terminal screw shall not be less
than the sum of the diameter of the hole for the conductor and the length
of the thread in the pillar.
The surface against which the conductor is clamped shall be free from
sharp indentations or projections.
Such terminals shall be so designed and located that the end of a
conductor introduced into the hole is visible, or can pass beyond the
threaded hole for a distance at least equal to half the nominal diameter of
the screw, or 2.5 mm, whichever is the greater.
The length of the thread in the pillar is measured to the point where the
thread is first broken by the hole for the conductor.

93
IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
If the thread in the pillar is recessed, the length of headed screws must be
increased accordingly.
The part against which the conductor is clamped need not necessarily be
in one piece with the part carrying the clamping screw.*
26.8 Screw terminals shall have dimensions not less than those shown in
the following table, except that the length of the thread in the screw hole
or nut and the length of thread on the screw may be reduced, if the
mechanical strength is adequate and at least two full threads are in
engagement when a conductor of the largest cross-sectional area specified
in 26.2 is lightly clamped.

Rated Current of Nominal Length Length Nominal Height

Appliance Thread of of Difference of Head
Diameter Thread Thread Between of Screw
on in Screw Diameter of
Screw Hole or Head and
Nut Shank of
Screw
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
A mm mm mm mm mm
Up to and including 10 3.5(3.0)* 4.0(3.5) 1.5 3.5(3.0) 2.0(1.8)
Over 10 up to and
including 16 4.0 5.5 2.5 4.0 2.4
Over 16 up to and
including 25 5.0 6.5 3.0 5.0 3.0
Over 25 up to and
including 32 5.0 7.5 3.0 5.0 3.5
Over 32 up to and
including 40 5.0 8.5 3.0 5.0 3.5
Over 40 up to and
including 63 6.0 10.5 3.5 6.0 5.0

If the required length of thread in a terminal screw hole is obtained by

plunging, the edge of the extrusion shall be reasonably smooth and the
length of thread shall exceed the specified minimum value by at least
0.5 mm. The length of the extrusion shall be not more than 80 percent of
the original thickness of the metal, unless the mechanical strength is
adequate with a greater length.
If an intermediate part, such as a pressure plate, is used between the
head of the screw and the conductor, the length of thread on the screw

*The values in parentheses apply to portable appliances only.

94
 IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
shall be increased accordingly, but the diameter of the head of the screw
may be reduced by:
1 mm for rated currents not exceeding 16 A, and
2 mm for rated currents exceeding 16 A.
If an intermediate part has more than one screws with the following
nominal thread diameter may be used:
3.5 mm for rated currents not exceeding 25 A, and
4.0 mm for rated currents exceeding 25 A.
If the thread in the screw hole or nut is recessed, the length of headed
screws must be increased accordingly.
26.9 Stud terminals shall be provided with washers and shall have
dimensions as shown in the following table:

Rated Current of Nominal Difference Between

Appliance Thread Thread Diameter and
Diameter
( Min )












Inner Outer
Diameter Diameter
of Washers of Washers
(Max)
(Min)
(1) (2) (3) (4)
A mm mm mm
Up to and including 10 3.0 0.4 4.0
Over 10 up to and including 16 3.5 0.4 4.5
Over 16 up to and including 25 4.0 0.5 5.0
Over 25 up to and including 32 4.0 0.5 5.5
Compliance with the requirements of 26.7 to 26.9 is checked by
inspection, by measurement and, if necessary, by the tests of 26.10. A
negative deviation of 0.15 mm is allowed for the nominal thread diameter
and for the nominal difference between diameters of head and shank of
the screw.
If one or more of the dimensions required in 26.7 to 26.9 are larger than
the specified, the other dimensions need not be correspondingly increased,
but departures from the specified values must not impair the function of
the terminal.
26.10 If the length of thread in the pillar, screw hole or nut, or the length
of thread on the screw, is smaller than that shown in the relevant table,

95
IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
or if the length of the extrusion is more than 80 percent of the original
thickness of the metal, the mechanical strength of the terminal is checked
by the following tests:
Screws and nuts are subjected to the test of 28.1 but with the torque
increased to 1.2 times the torque specified.
After this test, the terminal shall show no damage impairing its further
use.
A conductor is then fastened, as specified in 26.4, once more and, while
clamped, is subjected for 1 minute to an axial pull, applied without jerks,
of the value shown in the following table:

Rated Current of Appliance Pull

A N
Up to and including 6 40
Over 6 up to and including 10 50
Over 10 up to and including 16 50
Over 16 up to and including 25 60
Over 25 up to and including 32 80
Over 32 up to and including 40 90
Over 40 up to and including 63 100
During this test, the conductor shall not move noticeably in the terminal.
26.11 For appliances where terminals are provided for the connection to
fixed wiring and for appliances with type X and type M attachments, each
terminal shall be located in proximity to its corresponding terminal, or
terminals, of different polarity and to the earthing terminal, if any.
Compliance is checked by inspection.
26.12 Terminal devices shall not be accessible without the aid of a tool,
even if their live parts are not accessible.
Compliance is checked by inspection and by manual test.
26.13 Terminal devices of appliances with type X attachment shall be so
located or shielded that should a wire of a stranded conductor escape
when the conductors are fitted, there is no risk of accidental connection
between live parts and accessible metal parts and, in the case of Class II
appliances, between live parts and metal parts separated from accessible
metal parts by supplementary insulation only.
Compliance is checked by the following test.
An 8 mm length of insulation is removed from the end of a flexible
conductor having a nominal cross-sectional area as specified in 25.6.
One wire of the stranded conductor is left free and the other wires are
fully inserted into and clamped in the terminal.

96
 IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
The free wire is bent, without tearing the insulation back, in every
possible direction, but without making sharp bends round barriers.
The free wire of a conductor connected to a live terminal shall not touch
any metal part which is accessible or is connected to an accessible metal
part or, for Class II appliances, any metal part which is separated from
accessible metal parts by supplementary insulation only. The free wire of
a conductor connected to an earthing terminal shall not touch any live
part.
27. PROVISION FOR EARTHING
27.1 Accessible metal parts of Class I appliances, which may become live
in the event of an insulation fault, shall be permanently and reliably
connected to an earthing terminal or termination within the appliance, or
to the earthing contact of the appliance inlet.
Earthing terminals and earthing contacts shall not be electrically
connected to the neutral terminal, if any.
Class II and Class III appliances shall have no provision for earthing.
Compliance is checked by inspection.
If accessible metal parts are screened from live parts by metal parts
which are connected to the earthing terminal or termination or, to the
earthing contact, they are not, for the purpose of this requirement,
regarded as likely to become live in the event of an insulation fault. Metal
parts behind a decorative cover which does not withstand the test of 21.1
are considered to be accessible metal parts.
27.2 Earthing terminals for the connection to fixed wiring and earthing
terminals of appliances with type X and type M attachments shall comply
with the requirements of 26.
Screwless terminals shall not be used for the connection of external
earthing conductors.
External earthing terminals, if any, shall allow the connection of
conductors having nominal cross-sectional areas of 2.5 to 6 mm2 and shall
not be used to provide earthing continuity between different parts of the
appliance.
The clamping means of earthing terminals shall be adequately locked
against accidental loosening and it shall not be possible to loosen them
without the aid of a tool.
Compliance is checked by inspection, by manual test and by the tests
of 26.
In general, the designs commonly used for current-carrying terminals,
other than some terminals of the pillar type, provide sufficient resiliency

97
IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
to comply with the latter requirement; for other designs, special
provisions, such as the use of an adequately resilient part which is not
likely to be removed inadvertently, may be necessary.
27.3 If detachable parts have an earth connection, this connection shall be
made before the current-carrying connections are established when
placing the part in position, and the current-carrying connections shall be
separated before the earth connection is broken when removing the part.
For appliances with power supply cords, the arrangement of the
terminals, or the length of the conductors between the cord anchorage and
the terminals, shall be such that the current-carrying conductors become
tight before the earthing conductor, if the cable or cord slips out of the
cord anchorage.
27.4 All parts of the earthing terminal shall be such that there is no risk
of corrosion resulting from contact between these parts and the copper of
the earthing conductor, or any other metal that is in contact with these
parts.
The body of the earthing terminal shall be of brass or other metal no less
resistant to corrosion, unless it is a part of the metal frame or enclosure,
when the screw or nut shall be of brass, plated steel complying with 31, or
other metal no less resistant to corrosion.
If the body of the earthing terminal is a part of a frame or enclosure of
aluminium or aluminium alloy, precautions shall be taken to avoid the
risk of corrosion resulting from contact between copper and aluminium or
its alloys.
Screws and nuts of plated steel withstanding the test of 31.1 are
considered to be of a metal no less resistant to corrosion than brass. More
detailed requirements are under consideration.
27.5 The connection between the earthing terminal or earthing contact,
and parts required to be connected thereto, shall be of low resistance.
Compliance is checked by the following test:
A current derived from an ac source having a no-load voltage not
exceeding 12 V, and equal to 1.5 times the rated current of the
appliance or 25 A, whichever is the greater, is passed between the
earthing terminal or earthing contact, and each of the accessible metal
parts in turn.
The voltage drop between the earthing terminal of the appliance or the
earthing contact of the appliance inlet, and the accessible metal part is
measured, and the resistance calculated from the current and this
voltage drop.
In no case shall the resistance exceed 0.1 Ω.

98
 IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
The resistance of the flexible cable or cord is not included in the resistance
measurement.
Care is taken that the contact resistance between the tip of the measuring
probe and the metal part under test does not influence the test results.
28. SCREWS AND CONNECTIONS
28.1 Screwed connections, electrical or otherwise, shall withstand the
mechanical stresses occurring in normal use.
Screws transmitting contact pressure and screws which are likely to be
tightened by the user and have a nominal diameter less than 3 mm, shall
screw into metal.
Screws shall not be of metal which is soft or liable to creep, such as zinc or
aluminium.
Screws of insulating material shall have a nominal diameter of at least
3 mm; they shall not be used for any electrical connection.
Screws shall not be of insulating material if their replacement by a metal
screw could impair supplementary insulation or reinforced insulation,
neither shall screws which may be removed when replacing a power
supply cord or undertaking other routine servicing, be of insulating
material if their replacement by a metal screw could impair basic
insulation.
Compliance is checked by inspection and, for screws and nuts
transmitting contact pressure, or which are likely to be tightened by the
user, by the following test.
The screws or nuts are tightened and loosened:
10 times for screws in engagement with a thread of insulating
material, and
5 times for nuts and other screws.
Screws in engagement with a thread of insulating material are
completely removed and reinserted each time.
When testing terminal screws and nuts, a conductor of the largest
cross-sectional area specified in 26.2, rigid (solid or stranded) for
appliances intended to be permanently connected to fixed wiring and
flexible in other cases, is placed in the terminal.
The test is made by means of a suitable test screwdriver, spanner or key
applying a torque as shown in the following table, the appropriate column
being:

Col I For metal screws without heads if the screw when tightened does
not protrude from the hole.
Col II For other metal screws and for nuts; and
For screws of insulating material:

99
IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979

a) having a hexagonal head with the dimension across flats

exceeding the overall thread-diameter; or
b) with a cylindrical head and a socket for a key, the socket
having a cross-corner dimension exceeding the overall
thread diameter; or
c) with a head having a slot or cross slots, the length of which
exceeds 1.5 times the overall thread diameter.
Col III For other screws of insulating material.

Nominal Diameter of Screw Torque, Nm

mm


















Col I Col II Col III
Up to and including 2.8 0.2 0.4 0.4
Over 2.8 up to and including 3.0 0.25 0.5 0.5
Over 3.0 up to and including 3.2 0.3 0.6 0.6
Over 3.2 up to and including 3.6 0.4 0.8 0.6
Over 3.6 up to and including 4.1 0.7 1.2 0.6
Over 4.1 up to and including 4.7 0.8 1.8 0.9
Over 4.7 up to and including 5.3 0.8 2.0 1.0
Over 5.3 up to and including 6.0 — 2.5 1.25
The conductor is moved each time the screw or nut is loosened.
During the test, no damage impairing the further use of the screwed
connections shall occur.
Screws or nuts which are likely to be tightened by the user include screws
intended to be operated when replacing the power supply cord.
The shape of the blade of the test screwdriver must suit the head of the
screw to be tested. The screws and nuts must not be tightened in jerks.
28.2 Screws in engagement with a thread of insulating material shall
have a length of engagement sufficient to ensure a reliable connection.
Correct introduction of the screw into the screw hole or nut shall be
ensured.
Compliance is checked by inspection and by the test of 28.1, the torque
applied being, however, increased to 1.2 times the torque specified.
The requirement with regard to correct introduction is met if introduction
of the screw in a slanting manner is prevented, for example, by guiding
the screw by the part to be fixed, by a recess in the female thread or by the
use of a screw with the leading thread removed.

100
 IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
28.3 Electrical connections shall be so designed that contact pressure is
not transmitted through insulating material which is liable to shrink or to
distort, unless there is sufficient resiliency in the metallic parts to
compensate for any possible shrinkage or distortion of the insulating
material.
Ceramic material is not liable to shrink or to distort.
28.4 Space-threaded (sheet metal) screws shall not be used for the
connection of current-carrying parts, unless they clamp these parts
directly in contact with each other and are provided with a suitable
means of locking.
Thread-cutting (self-tapping) screws shall not be used for the electrical
connection of current-carrying parts, unless they generate a full form
standard machine screw thread. Such screws shall not, however, be used
if they are likely to be operated by the user or installer unless the thread
is formed by a swageing action.
Thread-cutting and space-threaded screws may be used to provide
earthing continuity, provided that it is not necessary to disturb the
connection in normal use and that at least two screws are used for each
connection.
Compliance with the requirements of 28.3 and 28.4 is checked by
inspection.
28.5 Screws which make a mechanical connection between different parts
of the appliance, shall be secured against loosening, if the connection
carries current.
Rivets used for current-carrying connections shall be secured against
loosening if these connections are subject to torsion in normal use.
Compliance is checked by inspection and by manual test.
The first requirement does not apply to screws in the earthing circuit,
provided there is an alternative earthing circuit.
Spring washers and the like may provide satisfactory security.
For rivets, a non-circular shank or an appropriate notch may be sufficient.
Sealing compound which softens on heating provides satisfactory security
only for screw connections not subject to torsion in normal use.
29. CREEPAGE DISTANCES AND CLEARANCES
29.1 Creepage distances and clearances shall not be less than the values
in millimetres shown in Table 2.
If a resonance voltage occurs between the point where a winding and a
capacitor are connected together, and metal parts separated from live
parts by basic insulation only, the creepage distance and clearance shall

101
IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
not be less than the values specified for the value of the voltage imposed
by the resonance, these values being increased by 4 mm in the case of
reinforced insulation.
Compliance is checked by measurement.
For appliances provided with an appliance inlet, the measurements are
made with an appropriate connector inserted; for appliances with type X
attachment, they are made with supply conductors of the largest
cross-sectional area specified in 26.2, and also without conductors; for
other appliances, they are made on the appliance as delivered.
For appliances provided with belts, the measurements are made with the
belts in place and the devices intended for varying the belt tension
adjusted to the most unfavourable position within their range of
adjustment, and also with the belts removed.
Movable parts are placed in the most unfavourable position; nuts and
screws with non-circular heads, are assumed to be tightened in the most
unfavourable position.
The clearances between terminals and accessible metal parts are also
measured with the screws or nuts unscrewed as far as possible, but the
clearances shall then be not less than 50 percent of the values shown in
the table.
Distances through slots or openings in external parts of insulating
material are measured to metal foil in contact with the accessible surface;
the foil is pushed into corners and the like by means of the standard test
finger shown in Fig. 1, but it is not pressed into openings.
If necessary, a force is applied to any point on bare conductors on
uninsulated capillary tubes of thermostats and similar devices and to the
outside of metal enclosures, in an endeavour to reduce the creepage
distances and clearances while taking the measurements. The force is
applied by means of a test finger having a tip as shown in Fig. 1 and has a
value of:
2 N for bare conductors and for uninsulated capillary tubes of
thermostats and similar devices, and
30 N for enclosures.
NOTE 1 — The way in which creepage distances and clearances are measured is
indicated in Appendix H.
NOTE 2 — If a barrier is interposed and if it is in two parts which are not cemented
together, the creepage distance is also measured through the joint.
NOTE 3 — If a barrier is interposed, clearances are measured over the barrier or, if
the barrier is in two parts with mating surfaces which are not cemented together,
through the joint.

102
 TABLE 2 CREEPAGE DISTANCES AND CLEARANCES
( Clause 29.1 )
SL DISTANCES CLASS III APPLIANCES OTHER APPLIANCES
NO .




































Creepage Clearance Working Voltage Working Voltage Working Voltage
Distance up to 130V* over 130 up over 250 up
to 250 V to 440 V






























Creepage Clearance Creepage Clearance Creepage Clearance
distance distance distance
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
(mm)
i) Between live parts of different
polarity:†
103

if protected against deposition of

dirt 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0
if not protected against
deposition of dirt 2.0 1.5 2.0 1.5 3.0 2.5 4.0 3.0
if lacquered or enamelled
windings 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.5 2.0 2.0 3.0 3.0

IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979

ii) Between live parts and other
metal parts over basic
insulation:
if protected against deposition
of dirt‡
if of ceramic material or pure
mica and the like 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.5§ 2.5§ — —
if of other material 1.5 1.0 1.5 1.0 3.0 2.5§ — —
if not protected against
deposition of dirt 2.0 1.5 2.0 1.5 4.0 3.0 — —
if the live parts are lacquered
or enamelled windings 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.5 2.0 2.0 — —
 IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
at the end of tubular
sheathed-type heating element|| — — 1.0 1.0 1.0¶ 1.0** — —

iii) Between live parts and other

metal

iv) Between live parts and other

metal parts over reinforced
insulation:

if the live parts are lacquered

or enamelled windings — — 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 — —

for other live parts — — 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 — —

v) Between metal parts separated

by supplementary insulation — — 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 — —
104

vi) Between live parts in recesses in

the mounting face of the
appliance and the surface to
which it is fixed 2.0 2.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 — —

*The values specified in these columns do not apply to printed wiring circuits, for which values are under consideration.
†The clearances specified do not apply to the air gap between the contacts of thermal controls, overload protection devices,
switches of micro-gap construction and the like, or to the air gap between the current-carrying members of such devices where
the clearance varies with the movement of the contacts.
‡In general, the interior of an appliance having a reasonably dust-proof enclosure is considered to be protected against
deposition of dirt, provided the appliance does not generate dust within itself; hermetic sealing is not required
§If the parts are rigid and located by mouldings, or if the design is otherwise such that there is no likelihood of a distance
being reduced by distortion or movement of the parts, this value may be reduced to 2.0.
||These values apply only to Class I appliances.
¶If over ceramic, pure mica and the like protected against deposition of dirt.
**If protection against deposition of dirt.
 IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
NOTE 4 — When assessing creepage distances and clearances, the effect of
insulating linings of metal enclosures or covers is taken into consideration.
NOTE 5 — Internal conductors are considered to be bare conductors, unless their
insulation withstands an electric strength test made between the conductor and
metal foil wrapped round the insulation, a test voltage of 1 500 V being applied for
15 minutes.
NOTE 6 — For live parts of different polarity separated by basic insulation only,
creepage distances and clearances smaller than those specified in the table are
allowed, provided the appliance does not show any defect within the meaning of this
standard if these creepage distances and clearances are short-circuited
consecutively and the creepage distances are over insulating material withstanding
the test of 30.3.
29.2 The distance through insulation, for working voltages up to and
including 250 V between metal parts, shall not be less than 1.0 mm if they
are separated by supplementary insulation, and not be less than 2.0 mm
if they are separated by reinforced insulation.
This requirement does not apply, if the insulation is applied in thin sheet
form and consist of at least three layers, provided that, when two layers
are placed in contact, they withstand the electric strength test prescribed
for reinforced insulation, the test voltage being applied between the outer
surfaces of the two layers.
This requirement does not imply that the prescribed distance must be
through solid insulation only: it may consist of a thickness of solid
insulation plus one or more air layers.
29.3 For appliances having a rated current exceeding 25 A, the distance
between the terminals and metal enclosures shall be at least 9.5 mm.
Compliance with the requirements of 29.2 and 29.3 is checked by
inspection and by measurement.
30. RESISTANCE TO HEAT, FIRE AND TRACKING
30.1 External parts of insulating material, the deterioration of which
might cause the appliance to fail to comply with this standard, shall be
sufficiently resistant to heat.
Compliance is checked by subjecting enclosures and other external parts
of insulating material to a ball-pressure test by means of the apparatus
shown in Fig. 14.
The surface of the part to be tested is placed in the horizontal position and
a steel ball of 5 mm diameter is pressed against this surface by a force of
20 N.
The test is made in a heating cabinet at a temperature of 75 ± 2°C or at a
temperature which is 40 ± 2°C in excess of the temperature rise of the
relevant part determined during the test of 19, whichever is the higher.

105
IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979

FIG. 14 BALL PRESSURE APPARATUS

After 1 hour, the ball is removed from the sample which is thus cooled
down within 10 seconds to approximately room temperature by
immersion in cold water. The diameter of the impression caused by the
ball is measured. This shall not exceed 2 mm.
The test is not made on parts of ceramic material.
30.2 Insulating parts retaining live parts in position shall be resistant to
abnormal heat and to fire.
Compliance is checked by the following test:
A test is made as described in 30.1, but at a temperature of 125 ± 2°C
or at a temperature which is 40 ± 2°C in excess of the temperature rise
of the relevant part determined during the test of 11, whichever is the
higher.
In addition, the insulating parts are subjected to a test made with an
electrically heated conical mandrel in an apparatus as shown in
Fig. 15.
The mandrel is inserted into a conical hole reamed in the part to be
tested in such a way that portions of the conical part of the mandrel of
equal length protrude from both sides. The sample is pressed against
the mandrel with a force of 12 N. The means by which the force is
applied is then locked to prevent any further movement. However, if
the sample starts to soften or to melt during the test, a force just
sufficient to keep the sample in contact with the mandrel is applied to
the sample in the horizontal direction.
The mandrel is heated to a temperature of 300°C in approximately
3 minutes and is maintained within 10°C of this value for 2 minutes.
The temperature is measured by means of a thermocouple inside the
mandrel.

106
 IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979

FIG. 15 HOT MANDREL APPARATUS

107
IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
During the period of 5 minutes, sparks of about 6 mm in length are
produced at the upper surface of the sample where the mandrel
protrudes and the sample is in contact with the mandrel. The sparks
are produced by means of a high frequency generator, the electrodes of
which are moved around the mandrel so as to cover the whole area of
the sample near the mandrel.
Neither the sample, nor any gases produced during the heating shall be
ignited by the sparks.
The tests are not made on parts of ceramic material, insulating
parts of commutators or brush-caps and the like, or on coil formers not
used as reinforced insulation.
Alternative method is given in Appendix J.
30.3 Insulating parts retaining live parts in position and
supplementary insulation of metal-encased Class II appliances shall be
of material resistant to tracking, if they are exposed to excessive
deposition of moisture of dirt in normal use, unless the creepage distances
are at least equal to twice the values specified in 29.1.
For materials other than ceramic, compliance is checked by the following
test:
A flat surface of the part to be tested, if possible at least
15 mm × 15 mm, is placed in the horizontal position.
Two electrodes of platinum or other sufficiently non-corrodible
material, with the dimensions shown in Fig. 16, are placed on the
surface of the sample in the manner shown in this figure, so that the
rounded edges are in contact with the sample over their whole length.
The force exerted on the surface by each electrode is about 1 N.
The electrodes are connected to a 50 Hz supply such that the no-load
voltage is of substantially sine-wave form and has a value of 175 V,
which shall not be reduced by more than 17.5 V when the electrodes
are short-circuited. The total impedance of the circuit when the
electrodes are short-circuited is adjusted by means of a variable
resistor, so that the current is equal to 1.0 ± 0.1 A with a power factor
between 0.9 and 1. An overcurrent relay is included in the circuit, the
relay being so designed that, when the current has reached a value of
0.5 A, the circuit is interrupted after a period which is as short as
possible but not less than 2 seconds.
The surface of the sample is wetted by allowing drops of a solution of
ammonium chloride in distilled water to fall centrally between the
electrodes. The solution has a volume resistivity of 400 Ω cm at 25°C,
corresponding to a concentration of about 0.1 percent. The drops have a
volume of 20 +– 05 mm3 and fall from a height of 30 mm to 40 mm.

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FIG. 16 ARRANGEMENT AND DIMENSIONS OF THE ELECTRODES FOR THE

TRACKING TEST

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IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
The time interval between one drop and the next is 30 ± 5 seconds.
No flashover or breakdown between electrodes shall occur before a
total of 50 drops has fallen.
The test is made at three places on the sample.
Care is taken that the electrodes are clean, correctly positioned before
each test is started.
In case of doubt, the test is repeated, if necessary on a new sample. The
test is not made on insulating parts of commutators or brush-caps.
31. RESISTANCE TO RUSTING
31.1 Ferrous parts, the rusting of which might cause the appliance to fail
to comply with this standard, shall be adequately protected against
rusting.
Compliance is checked by the following test:
All grease is removed from the parts to be tested by immersion in
carbon tetrachloride or trichlorethane for 10 minutes.
The parts are then immersed for 10 minutes in a 10 percent solution of
ammonium chloride in water at a temperature between 15°C and 35°C.
Without drying but after shaking off any drops, the parts are placed for
10 minutes in a box containing air having not less than 90 percent
relative humidity and temperature between 15°C and 35°C.
After the parts have been dried for 10 minutes in a heating cabinet at a
temperature of 100 ± 5°C, their surfaces shall show no signs of rust.
Traces of rust on sharp edges and any yellowish film removable by
rubbing are ignored.
For small helical springs and the like, and for parts exposed to abrasion, a
layer of grease may provide sufficient protection against rusting. Such
parts are only subjected to the test if there is doubt about the
effectiveness of the grease film, and the test is then made without
previous removal of the grease.
32. RADIATION HAZARDS
32.1 Appliances shall not emit harmful radiation.
32.2 Compliance is checked by test. A test specification is given in
individual appliance standards if relevant.
33. FINISH
33.1 The external finish used on metal components shall be of a heat and
moisture resisting nature and shall not be adversely affected by
variations in temperature under normal operating conditions or during

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the endurance test. Copper, nickel and chromium electroplated coating
shall conform to provisions of Service Grade No. 1, as given in
IS : 1068-1968* or Service Grade No. 1 of IS : 4827-1968† as applicable.
33.2 Compliance is checked for the following requirements according to
the test methods given in IS : 1068-1968* or IS : 4827-1968† as applicable:
a) Thickness of coating,
b) Adhesion, and
c) Corrosion.
NOTE — The thickness of electroplated coatings may be measured by BNF jet test
method and stripping method given in Appendices K and L. However, in case of
dispute the test shall be carried out as prescribed in IS : 1068 : 1968* or
IS : 4827-1968† as applicable.

APPENDIX A
( Clause 3.1 )
TABLE OF TYPE TESTS
S. TEST CLAUSE
NO. REFERENCE
1. Verification of markings 7
2. Protection against electric shock 8
3. Starting of motor-operated appliances 9
4. Input and current 10
5. Temperature-rise 11
6. Operation under overload conditions of appliances with 12
heating elements
7. Electrical insulation and leakage current at operating 13
temperature
8. Moisture resistance 15
9. Insulation resistance and electric strength (after 16
moisture treatment)
10. Overload protection 17
11. Endurance 18
12. Abnormal operation 19
13. Stability and mechanical hazards 20
14. Mechanical strength 21
15. Constructional requirements 22
16. Thermostats and thermal cutouts Appendix G

*Specification for electroplated coatings of nickel and chromium on iron and steel
( first revision ).
†Specification of electroplated coatings of nickel and chromium on copper and copper
alloys.

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17. Test for multiple supply cables, and cord grip and cord 25
guard
18. Terminals 26
19. Provision for earthing 27
20. Screws and connections 28
21. Creepage distances and clearances 29
22. Resistance to heat, fire and tracking 30
23. Resistance to rusting 31
24. Finish 33

APPENDIX B
( Clause 4.1 )

SAMPLING PROCEDURE FOR ACCEPTANCE TESTS

B-1. LOT
B-1.1 In any consignment, all appliances of the same make, model and
type, and manufactured under similar conditions of production shall be
grouped together to constitute a lot.
B-2. SELECTION OF SAMPLE
B-2.1 The number of appliances to be selected from the lot shall depend
upon the size of the lot and shall be in accordance with col 1 and col 2 of
Table 3.

TABLE 3 SAMPLE SIZE AND CRITERION FOR CONFORMITY

LOT SIZE FIRST SECOND ACCEPTANCE FIRST SECOND
SAMPLE SAMPLE NUMBER REJECTION REJECTION
NUMBER NUMBER
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
Up to 50 5 5 0 2 2
51 to 100 8 8 0 2 2
101 to 300 13 13 0 2 2
301 to 500 20 20 0 2 3
501 and above 32 32 0 3 4

B-2.1.1 These appliances shall be selected from the lot at random. In

order to ensure the randomness of selection, procedures given in
IS : 4905-1968* may be followed.

*Methods for random sampling.

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B-3. NUMBER OF TESTS AND CRITERIA FOR CONFORMITY
B-3.1 The appliances selected at random according to col 1 and 2 of
Table 3, shall be subjected to the acceptance tests specified in the
individual appliance specification. An appliance failing to satisfy any of
the acceptance tests, shall be considered as defective. The lot shall be
considered as conforming to the requirements if the number of defectives
found in sample is less than or equal to the acceptance number ( see col 4 )
and shall be rejected if it is greater than or equal to the first rejection
number ( see col 5 ). If the number of defective lies between the acceptance
number and first rejection number, the second sample of the same size
( see col 3 ) shall be chosen at random and tested. If the number of
defectives found in the combined samples is greater than or equal to the
second rejection number ( see col 6 ), the lot shall be rejected, otherwise
the lot shall be accepted.

APPENDIX C
( Clauses 0.7 and 4.19 )

ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS
C-1. SCOPE
C-1.1 This appendix applies to circuits comprising an electronic device, an
electronic unit or an electronic assembly with components such as
resistors, capacitors and inductors, in the appliances specified under 1.
All clauses of this standard apply to electronic circuits except as modified
in this appendix or in individual appliance specification.
C-2. DEFINITIONS
C-2.0 The following definitions apply.
C-2.1 Electronic Device — A part in which conduction is principally by
electrons moving through a vacuum, gas or semiconductor.
C-2.2 Electronic Unit — A group of components, at least one of which is
an electronic device, in which the components cannot be replaced without
damage.
An example of this is an integrated circuit.
C-2.3 Electronic Assembly — A group of components at least one of
which is an electronic device, but in which individual parts may be
replaced without damage to the assembly.
An example of this group of components mounted on a printed circuit
board.

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C-3. GENERAL NOTES ON TESTS
C-3.1 Cumulative stress as a result of sequential testing shall be avoided.
It may be necessary to replace the effected samples or to use additional
samples. The number of samples should be kept to a minimum by an
evaluation of the relevant circuits.
C-3.2 Care shall be taken that, except for the test specified in C-3.3, the
supply shall be free of such perturbations from external sources as may
influence the results of the tests.
C-3.3 If an electronic unit is so enclosed that the testing of individual
components is impossible, then the entire electronic unit shall be
considered as a whole.
It is, however, permitted to take apart electronic units which are not so
vacuum sealed, completely encapsulated, mouled-in or potted that the
enclosure forms one moulded part with the enclosed components, for the
purpose of establishing creepage distances and clearances between live
parts and other metal parts as specified in C-9.1.
C-3.4 If an electronic unit or assembly is tested separately, the conditions
of heat dissipation occurring when it is incorporated in the appliance are,
if necessary, simulated during the tests.
C-3.5 All measurements shall be carried out with instruments which do
not appreciably affect the values to be measured, and which are not
affected by factors such as waveform.
C-4. MARKING
C-4.1 If the supply could be protected by earth-leakage circuit breakers,
Class I appliances with electronic circuits where a failure of basic
insulation would permit earth-leakage currents with a dc component
exceeding X mA and exceeding also Y percent of the total earth-leakage
current, shall be accompanied by an instruction sheet giving the
necessary information with regard to the protection of the wiring by fuses
or earth-leakage circuit breakers.
C-4.2 The values X and Y depend on the type of earth-leakage circuit
breakers.
C-5. PROTECTION AGAINST ELECTRIC SHOCK
C-5.1 For the purpose of this clause, wiring terminals, contacts and
connectors are not regarded as live parts if:
a) the part is connected to the output terminals of a safety isolating
transformer, provided the output voltage of the transformer does not
exceed 42.4 V ac (peak value) or 42.4 V dc; and

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b) the current between the part and either pole of the supply source
through a non-inductive resistance of 2 000 ± 100 does not exceed
0.7 mA (peak value) or 2 mA dc and, moreover:
for voltage between 42.4 V (peak value) and 450 V (peak value) the
capacitance does not exceed 0.1 µF;
for voltages between 450 V (peak value) and 15 kV (peak value) the
discharge does not exceed 45 µC; and
for voltages over 15 kV (peak value), the energy of the discharge
does not exceed 350 mJ.
C-5.2 Voltages and currents are measured between the relevant part and
either pole of the supply source. Discharges are measured immediately
after the interruption of the supply.
C-5.3 In the presence of harmonics and of frequencies higher than supply
frequencies, the measurement of the ac leakage current shall be made
with a circuit having an impedance formed by a 2 000 ± 100Ω resistive
component, including the resistance of the measuring instrument,
shunted by a capacitor of 112 ± 6 nF.
C-5.4 Alternatively, an impedance of 1 500 ± 75Ω and 150 ± 7.5 nF may
be used. The introduction of a time-limit for the measurement of the
discharge after interruption of the supply is under consideration. For
frequencies exceeding 1 kHz, the limit of 0.7 mA (peak value) is
multiplied by the value of the frequency in kHz, but must not exceed 70
mA (peak value).
C-5.5 The internal resistance of the voltmeter used for the measurements
should be at least 50 kΩ.
C-6. INSULATION RESISTANCE AND ELECTRIC STRENGTH
C-6.1 In order to avoid overstressing of the components of electronic
devices, units or assemblies, arranged across insulation which need to be
tested according to the main part for dielectric strength and insulation
resistance, such tests are not made if they are not live in the sense of
C-5.1 and if they cannot be disconnected. Integrated circuits and the like
on the secondary side of an isolating transformer are disconnected or
removed before the tests are made if they may be damaged or destroyed
by capacitive charges or currents.
C-6.2 If during this test a flashover or breakdown occurs over an
insulation, the appliance is not deemed to be unsatisfactory if the relevant
insulation shall comply with the requirements of C-8.1.
C-7. ENDURANCE
C-7.1 Electronic components are tested as part of the appliance during
the tests of this standard.

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C-7.2 If during these tests a sample ceases to function as a result of the
failure of an electronic device, electronic unit or any other component
which is unlikely to cause any hazardous condition in the sense of C-8,
that component, electronic device or electronic unit is replaced and the
test is continued.
C-7.3 If during these tests the sample develops a fault which produces a
malfunction, the test is continued without replacement of the component,
electronic device or electronic unit, provided that no hazardous condition
in the sense of C-8 has been produced.
C-8. ABNORMAL OPERATION
C-8.1 Circuits shall be so designed and applied that any fault condition
will not render the appliance unsafe as regards electric shock, fire
hazards, mechanical hazards or dangerous malfunction.
C-8.2 Compliance is checked by simulating each of the following
conditions in turn and one at a time and associated with it those other
fault conditions which are an inevitable consequence.
C-8.3 Examination of the appliance and its circuit diagrams will
generally show the fault conditions which should be simulated.
The fault conditions to be considered are:
a) Short-circuiting of creepage distances and clearances between live
parts of different polarities if less than those of C-9 where a proper
encapsulation has not been used.
b) Short circuit across insulating parts which do not comply with the
requirements of C-6.
c) Short circuit across or, if applicable, open circuiting of electronic
devices, electronic units, and components such as resistors,
capacitors and inductors, not complying with IS : 616-1957*. To
check shock risk in all appliances and fire hazard in appliances
intended for unattended use, all resistors, capacitors and inductors
are open or short-circuited whether or not they comply with
IS : 616-1957*.
C-8.4 For mechanical hazards in all appliances other than specifically
mentioned in individual appliance specification and for fire risks in
attended appliances of the resistor or capacitor complies with the
requirements in IS : 616-1957*, it is not required to be short-circuited.
C-8.5 The appliance is operated at rated voltage or at the most
unfavourable voltage of the rated voltage range and under the most
unfavourable normal operating conditions as specified in 11. If the
operating time specified in 11 consists of more than one operating cycle,
the duration of the test shall be equal to one operation cycle, if necessary.

*Code of safety requirements for main-operated radio receivers.

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C-8.6 During and after these tests, the appliance shall comply with the
requirements specified in 19.11.
C-9. CREEPAGE DISTANCES, CLEARANCES AND
DISTANCES THROUGH INSULATION
C-9.1 Circuits conductively connected to the supply terminals or to supply
contacts shall comply with this standard.
C-9.2 Supplement — Creepage distances and clearances in circuits
separated from the supply by an isolating transformer;
for basic insulation between live parts of different polarity;
for the insulation between live parts;
and non-accessible parts in Class II construction,
or/and accessible parts in construction according to other classes of
supplementary insulation;
shall not be less than the values shown in the following table.
For reinforced insulation, they shall not be less than twice the values
shown in the table.

V Working voltage Minimum Minimum

(rms) V (peak) clearance creepage
mm distance
mm
12 Up to and including 17 0.19 0.40
30 and over Over 17 and including 43 0.28 0.55
60 and over Over 43 and including 85 0.38 0.72
130 and over Over 85 and including 184 0.62 1.12
250 and over Over 184 and including 354 1.15 1.95
Creepage and clearance distances stated above are under consideration.
The distances through insulation shall comply with the following:
For voltage up to 42.4 V (peak ac or dc), there are no requirements, and
For voltage exceeding 42.4 V (peak ac or dc), the insulation must
comply with the requirements of the voltage test of C-6.
C-10. OPERATION UNDER MAINS-BORNE PERTURBATION
C-10.1 Electronic controls and electronic control systems shall not
malfunction because of mains-borne perturbations in any way that
results in a hazardous situation.

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A P PE N D I X D
( Clause 11.3 )

MEASUREMENT OF TEMPERATURE WITH

THERMOMETER
D-1. METHODS OF MEASUREMENT
D-1.1 Three methods of temperature measurement are described in this
appendix, namely:
a) thermometer method,
b) thermocouple method, and
c) increase of resistance method.
D-1.1.1 Of these methods the latter two are more accurate methods
recognized for reference purposes.
D-2. THERMOMETER METHOD
D-2.1 Any of the following three types of thermometers may be employed:
a) Bulb thermometer containing mercury,
b) Bulb thermometer containing alcohol, and
c) Resistance thermometer.
D-2.1.1 Mercury-in-bulb thermometer is ineffective where it is subject to
the action of alternating magnetic fields, owing to consequent heating of
the mercury by the eddy currents which are induced in it. The
effectiveness of resistance thermometer in such applications depends on
the construction of the instrument.
D-2.1.2 Where bulb thermometers are used to measure the temperature
of a surface, either of the following procedures may be adopted, whichever
is appropriate to the particular case:
a) The bulb shall be surrounded by a single wrapping of tin-foil having
a thickness of not less than 0.025 mm. The foil shall be turned up at
the end to form a complete covering for the bulb, which shall then be
secured in contact with surface under test. The exposed part of the
wrapped bulb shall then be completely covered with a pad of
heat-insulating material without unduly shielding the test surface
from normal cooling.
b) The bulb, except at the point of contact, shall be covered with a pad
of felt, cotton-wool, or other non-conducting material of thickness
not less than 3.0 mm, extending at least 20 mm in every other
direction from the bulb and pressed into contact with the surface to
which it is applied to prevent loss of heat by radiation and

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convection from the bulb. It shall be ensured that the
non-conducting material does not interfere unduly with the normal
cooling of the test surface.
D-2.1.3 Any thermometer used shall be of marked immersion and known
accuracy.

D-3. THERMOCOUPLE METHOD

D-3.1 The two conductors between which the thermo-electric effect is

produced shall be welded or hard-soldered at both the hot and the cold
junctions, care being taken to ensure that the wires at the junction make
contact at one point or the other, and are not twisted together ( see also
IS : 2053-1962*).
D-3.2 Thermocouples shall be affixed in a manner appropriate to the case,
for example, by tying, clamping, welding or soldering. The hot junction
shall be secured in position by means of a clip or pellet or solder, taking
care that any adjustment of the junction or part to which it is applied, are
not impaired thereby. Thermocouple circuit shall be earthed to minimize
the effect of capacity currents except where it is applied to live parts.
Where a thermocouple is soldered to a portion of the appliance, under
test, care should be taken to avoid appreciably modifications of the
physical characteristics of the appliance by the temperature of the fluxes
used in the soldering process. Calibrated meter attached to the
thermocouple shall give directly the temperature of the surface measured.
D-3.2.1 If the potentiometer is not equipped with cold junction
compensation, the cold junction should be contained in a vacuum flask
containing crushed ice.

D-4. INCREASE OF RESISTANCE METHOD

D-4.1 This method determines the average temperature of a conductor or

winding by measuring the increase of resistance produced by heating, and
only measures the mean temperature of the conductor or winding
assuming the conductors to be of pure copper as distinct from
temperature at the surface or at an isolated point, which may be
determined by the methods specified in D-2 and D-3.
D-4.2 The temperature of the conductor or winding shall be measured by
thermometer of thermocouple and the difference in temperature from the
surrounding atmosphere or medium shall be noted. At the same time the
resistance of the conductor or winding shall also be measured without

*Specification for thermocouple pyrometers.

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causing appreciable heating. The resistance of the conductor or winding
when hot shall then be measured and the temperature-rise shall be
calculated from the following formula:
R1 1 + α T1
-------- × -----------------------
R T
2 1+α 2
where
R1 = cold resistance in ohms at temperature T1°C,
R2 = hot resistance in ohms at temperature T2°C,
T1 = initial temperature in °Celsius,
T2 = final temperature in °Celsius, and
1
α = temperature coefficient of copper = --------------- ,
234.5
R2
that is, T 2 = ------- × ( 234.5 + T 1 ) – 234.5
R1

D-4.2.1 The necessary corrections to the final temperature T1°C, as

indicated by any initial variation between T1°C and the ambient
temperature may have to be made.
D-4.3 An approximate method is to calculate the temperature-rise on the
basis of 1°C for each 0.4 percent increase of resistance.
D-4.4 The method, however, provides no indication of any points of
temperature higher than average.
APPENDIX E
( Clause 19.6 )
ALTERNATIVE TESTS FOR PROTECTED MOTOR UNITS
Protected motor units of appliances intended for use unattended shall
withstand the following tests, if protection under stalled motor and/or
running overload conditions, as specified in 19.6 and 19.8, is provided.
A motor protector which can be reset by hand, shall have a trip-free
switching mechanism.
The test of 19.6 is carried out on a separate sample, either in the
appliance or with the motor mounted on a bench. The duration of the test
is as follows:
a) a motor with a self-resetting protector is cycled with a stalled rotor
for 3 days (72 hours) for appliances having a short-period of
electrical stress and for 18 days (432 hours) for appliances having a
long period of electrical stress;

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b) a motor with a protector which can be reset by hand is operated 60
times with a stalled rotor, the protector being reset after each
operation as soon as possible for it to remain closed, but in not less
than 30 seconds.
Temperatures are observed at regular intervals during the first three
days for motors with self-resetting protectors, or during the first ten
operations for motors with protectors which can be reset by hand. The
temperature shall not exceed the values specified in 19.6.
During the test, the motor protector shall operate reliably and shall
comply with the requirements of 8; no fire hazard shall occur.
After the period specified for the temperature measurement, the motor
shall withstand the electric strength test of 19.11.

APPENDIX F
( Clause 21.1 )

IMPACT TEST APPARATUS

F-1. DESCRIPTION FOR THE APPARATUS

F-1.1 A typical impact apparatus is shown in Fig. 17.
F-1.2 The striking element has a hemispherical face of radius 10 mm
made of hardwood, polyamide or similar material weighing 0.15 kg. It is
rigidly fixed to the lower end of a steel tube with an external diameter of
9 mm and thickness 0.5 mm which is pivoted at its upper end in such a
way that it swings only in the vertical plane of the axis of the striking
element. The axis of the pivot is 1 m above the axis of the striking
element. The design of the apparatus is such that a force between 1.0 N
and 2.0 N has to be applied to the face of the hammer to maintain the
pendulum in a horizontal position.
F-1.3 The appliance is held against a solid wall of bricks, concrete or the
like, and the test apparatus is so arranged that the pivot of the pendulum
is vertically above the point of impact of the hammer. The striking
element is then allowed to fall from such a height of 250 mm. Three such
blows are applied to every part of the enclosure which is likely to be weak,
including handles, levers and the like, but excluding signal lamps and
their covers if these do not protrude from the enclosure by more than
3 mm or have a surface not exceeding 3 cm2. Lamps within an appliance
and their covers are tested only if they are likely to be damaged in normal
use.

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FIG. 17 APPARATUS FOR IMPACT TEST

APPENDIX G
( Clause 24.1 )

THERMAL CONTROLS AND OVERLOAD RELEASES

G-1 Thermostats and temperature limiters shall have adequate making
and breaking capacity.
Compliance is checked by subjecting three samples to the tests of G-2 to
G-4 under the following conditions:
If thermostats or temperature limiters are T-marked, one sample is tested
with the switch part at room temperature, and two samples are tested
with that part at a temperature in accordance with the marking.

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Thermostats or temperature limiters not marked with individual ratings
may be tested in the appliance or separately, whichever is more
convenient, but unless otherwise specified, the test conditions are similar
to those occurring in the appliance.
During the tests, no sustained arcing shall occur.
After the tests, the samples shall show no damage impairing their further
use, electrical connections shall not have worked loose and the
thermostats shall withstand an electric strength test as specified in 16.4,
the test voltage for the insulation between the contacts being, however,
twice the voltage applied when the appliance is operated at rated voltage
or at the upper limit of the rated voltage range.
The switching frequency of the thermostat or temperature limiter may be
increased above the normal switching frequency inherent to the
appliance, provided that no greater risk of failure of the thermostat or
temperature limiter is induced.
If it is not possible to test the thermostats or temperature limiters
separately, it will be necessary to submit three samples of the appliance
in which the thermostat or temperature limiter is used.
G-2 Thermostats are caused, thermally, to perform 200 cycles of
operation (200 makes and 200 breaks) under the conditions prevailing in
the appliance, when the latter is operated at a voltage equal to 1.1 times
the rated voltage or to 1.1 times the upper limit of the rated voltage
range, and under the most unfavourable load occurring in normal use.
G-3 Thermostats are caused, thermally, to perform 10 000 cycles of
operation (10 000 makes and 10 000 breaks) under the conditions
prevailing in the appliance, when the latter is operated at the rated
voltage or at the upper limit of the rated voltage range, and under normal
load.
G-4 Temperature limiters are caused, thermally, to perform 1 000 cycles
of operation (1 000 makes and 1 000 breaks) under the conditions
prevailing in the appliance when the latter is operated at the rated
voltage or at the upper limit of the rated voltage range, and under normal
load.
G-5 Thermal cut-outs and overload releases shall operate reliably.
Compliance is checked by operating the appliance under the appropriate
conditions specified in 19.
Self-resetting thermal cut-outs and overload releases are caused to
operate 200 times; non-self-resetting thermal cut-outs and overload
releases are reset after each operation and thus caused to operate ten
times.
After the tests, the samples shall show no damage impairing their further
use.
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Forced cooling and resting periods may be introduced to prevent damage
to the appliance.
G-6 Thermostats, thermal cut-outs and overload releases shall be so
constructed that their setting is not changed appreciably by heating,
vibration, etc, occurring in normal use.
Compliance is checked by inspection during the tests of 19.

APPENDIX H
( Clause 29.1 )

MEASUREMENT OF CREEPAGE DISTANCES AND

CLEARANCES

The methods of measuring creepage distances and clearances to be used

in interpreting the requirements of 29.1 are indicated in Cases 1 to 10 of
this appendix.
These cases do not differentiate between gaps and grooves or between
types of insulation.
The following assumptions are made:
a) A groove may have parallel, converging or diverging sides.
b) Any groove having diverging sides, a minimum width exceeding
0.25 mm, a depth exceeding 1.5 m and a width at the bottom equal
to or greater than 1 mm, is regarded as an air gap ( see Case 8 ).
c) Any corner including an angle less than 80° is assumed to be bridged
with an insulating link of 1 mm width (0.25 mm for dirt-free
situations) moved into the most unfavourable position ( see Case 3 ).
d) Where the distance across the top of a groove is 1 mm (0.25 mm for
dirt-free situations) or more, no creepage distance exists across the
air space ( see Case 2 ).
e) A creepage path is assumed not to exist if there is an air gap as
defined in item b) above exceeding 0.25 mm.
f) Creepage distances and clearances measured between parts moving
relative to each other are measured when these parts are in their
most unfavourable stationary positions.
g) A computed creepage distance is never less than a measured
clearance.
h) Any air gap less than 1 mm wide (0.25 mm for dirt-free situations) is
ignored in computing the total clearance.

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In the illustrations

indicates insulating material.

indicates conducting parts,

indicates clearance, and

indicates creepage distance.

Condition — Path under consideration includes a parallel or converging-sided groove of

any depth with a width less than 1 mm.

Rule — Creepage distance and clearance are measured directly across the groove
as shown.

CASE 1

Condition — Path under consideration includes a parallel-sided groove of any depth

and equal to or more than 1 mm wide.

Rule — Clearance is the ‘line of sight’ distance. Creepage path follows the contour
of the groove.

CASE 2

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Condition — Path under consideration includes a V-shaped groove with internal angle
of less than 80° and with a width greater than 1 mm.
Rule — Clearance is the ‘line of sight’ distance. Creepage path follows the contour
of the groove but ‘short-circuits’ the bottom of the groove by 1 mm
(0.25 mm for dirt-free situations) link.
CASE 3

Condition — Path under consideration includes a rib.

Rule — Clearance is the shortest direct air path over the top of the rib. Creepage
path follows the contour of the rib.
CASE 4

Condition — Path under consideration includes an uncemented joint with grooves less
than 1 mm (0.25 mm for dirt-free situations) wide on either side.
Rule — Creepage and clearance path is the ‘line of sight’ distance shown.
CASE 5

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Condition — Path under consideration includes an uncemented joint with grooves

equal to or more than 1 mm wide each side.
Rule — Clearance is the ‘line of sight’ distance. Creepage path follows the contour
of the grooves.
CASE 6

Condition — Path under consideration includes an uncemented joint with a groove on

one side less than 1 mm wide and the groove on the other side equal to or
more than 1 mm wide.
Rule — Clearance and creepage paths are as shown.
CASE 7

Condition — Path under consideration includes a diverging-sided groove equal to or

greater than 1.5 mm deep and greater than 0.25 mm wide at the
narrowest part and equal to or greater than 1 mm at the bottom.
Rule — Clearance is the ‘line of sight’ distance. Creepage path follows the contour
of the groove.
Case 3 applies as well to an internal corner if the angle is less than 80°.
CASE 8

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Gap between head of screw and wall of recess too narrow to be taken into account.

CASE 9

Gap between head of screw and wall of recess wide enough to be taken into account.

CASE 10

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APPENDIX J
( Clause 30.1 )

TEST FOR FIRE-RESISTING PROPERTIES

J-1. PREPARATION OF SAMPLE
J-1.1 The specimen shall consist of a portion broken from the moulding
and shall weigh not less than 6 g nor more than 10 g, and shall be not
more than 10.0 mm in thickness measured from an externally cured face.
J-2. APPARATUS
J-2.1 The specimen shall be tested in the heating tube of an apparatus of
the general type, shown in Fig. 18, the pilot flame being located 20 mm
above the upper end of the specimen.
J-2.2 A support for the specimen shall be provided in the heating tube
and this may suitably consist of a light stirrup of nichrome wire,
supported by a length of nichrome wire passing over the pilot flame tube.
The support shall be such that the specimen is fixed centrally in the
heating tube, with its largest dimension vertical.
J-2.3 The apparatus shall be heated by passing a suitably regulated
electric current through a nichrome resistance wire surrounding the
heating tube.
J-2.4 Measurement of Temperature of Tube — The temperature of
the tube shall be taken as shown by a thermocouple situated at the level
of the centre of the specimen and equidistant from the inner surface of the
heating tube and the specimen. The wires of which the thermocouple is
made shall be not larger than 1.25 mm and not smaller than 0.462 mm in
diameter and shall be bare for a length of 25 mm from the junction.
J-3. TEST FOR FLAMMABILITY
J-3.1 The temperature of the tube shall be raised to 300°C and the
specimen shall be inserted in the tube. The temperature shall then be
readjusted to 300°C within a period of 3 minutes, and this temperature
shall be maintained until a period of 5 minutes has elapsed from the time
of insertion of the specimen. During this period a conical cover at the top
shall limit the opening to approximately 6.5 cm2 while the air intake
orifice at the bottom shall be open approximately 0.65 cm2. At the end of
the period of 5 minutes, the specimen shall be removed from the tube. The
material shall not be deemed non-flammable if at any time during the
test, the specimen flames or gives off flammable vapours in sufficient
quantities to ignite at the pilot flame.

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IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979

FIG. 18 APPARATUS FOR IGNITION TEST — Contd

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 IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979

FIG. 18 APPARATUS FOR IGNITION TEST

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IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
APPENDIX K
( Clause 33.1 )

BNF JET TEST FOR DETERMINATION OF THICKNESS OF

COPPER AND NICKEL PLATING
K-1. PRINCIPLE OF METHOD
K-1.1 Allow a jet of corroding solution to impinge on a small area of the
surface to be tested, and measure the time required to penetrate the
plating layer. This time is a function of the thickness of the plating layer
and of the temperature. The thickness may then be obtained from a
suitably calibrated curve in which the time is plotted against the
temperature for a given thickness.
K-2. APPARATUS
K-2.1 The apparatus ( see Fig. 19 ) shall have the following features:
a) Constant Head Device ( A ) — with a thermometer to indicate the
temperature of the reagent solution.
b) On-Off Stop-Cock ( B )
c) Jet ( C ) — enclosed in glass guard tube and connected to the funnel
by rubber tubing.
d) Sliding Clamp ( D )
e) Clamp for Test Specimen ( E )
f) Dish to Receive Used Solution ( F )
g) Base with Levelling Screws ( G )
h) A Stop Watch — with ‘Stop’ and ‘Go’ arrangement to measure the
time of penetration.
K-2.2 The solution shall be delivered in jet form under a constant head of
254 mm through a nozzle, that is, a glass capillary tube of 1.5 mm bore
and 102 mm minimum length drawn out into a smooth taper.
K-2.3 To have a correct velocity of flow, the dimensions of the tapered
portion shall be such that:
D–d
-------------- shall lie between 0.030 and 0.045
L
where
D = internal diameter of capillary tube,
d = internal diameter of the tip of nozzle, and
L = length of taper.

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K-2.3.1 The jet delivers 10 ml of water at 20°C in 27 to 29 seconds under a
head of 254 mm.

K-3. REAGENTS

K-3.0 The following reagents are required.

K-3.1 Test Solution — Dissolve 300 g of ferric chloride (FeCl3, 6H2O)
and 100 g of copper sulphate (CuSO4, 5H2O) in 1 litre of distilled water.
K-3.2 Concentrated Hydrochloric Acid — sp gr 1.16 (conforming to
IS : 265-1962*).

K-4. PREPARATION OF SURFACE FOR TESTING

K-4.1 Degrease the test piece by rubbing with a damp cloth, on which
light magnesium oxide has been sprinkled. Rinse with acetone and dry it
in air. Do not use any abrasive.
K-4.2 In case of testing nickel deposit, dip the article in a mixture of equal
volumes of concentrated hydrochloric acid (sp gr 1.16) and water, to
remove the slightly protective film on the surface of nickel.

K-5. METHOD OF TESTING

K-5.1 Clamp the degreased specimen so that the surface under test
makes an angle of about 45 degrees to the horizontal, and keep it about
6.5 mm below the tip of the nozzle ( see Fig. 19 ). Clamp the specimen in
such a way that there is no relative movement between the jet and the
test piece and there is free run of the solution into the dish placed below.
The liquid flowing over specimen should present a smooth unbroken wide
surface free of ripples and turbulences.
K-5.2 Open the stop-cock and also start the stop-watch at exactly the
same moment. Stop both after 5 seconds and inspect sample for
penetration. Repeat the process until the first sign of penetration is seen.
K-5.2.1 Total time taken divided by the time required to penetrate
0.002 5 mm of deposits at the particular temperature of testing (obtained
from Fig. 20), gives thickness of deposited coatings.
K-5.3 To get accurate results, it is desirable to have perforation time limit
of 2 seconds. It shall, therefore, be necessary to make a preliminary test
or tests.

*Specification for hydrochloric acid ( revised ).

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IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979

FIG. 19 APPARATUS FOR BNF JET TEST

K-5.4 In case it is desired to know that a coating applied is more than the
minimum thickness specified, the reagent shall be made to impinge on
the surface for a time corresponding to the specified minimum thickness
and examined for penetration spot.
K-5.5 It is recommended that the test in case of any particular deposit of
metal should be standardized against deposits of known thickness made
from solution in question.

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 IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979

FIG. 20 TIME REQUIRED TO PENETRATE 0.002 5 mm AT DIFFERENT

TEMPERATURES
K-6. INDICATIONS
K-6.1 Indications in Case of Penetration of Copper Coatings —
Penetration of the copper coatings shall be indicated by the following
signs:

Basis Metal Mark

a) Aluminium and zinc base alloys Black spot
b) Nickel White spot
c) Steel Copper spot ( see Note )
NOTE — This spot is not readily detectable as it is of the same colour as the
surrounding surface. To help distinguish, put 2 drops of either of the following

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IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
solutions:
a) One gram of antimony oxide added to 100 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid
of sp gr 1.16 (conforming to IS : 265-1962*).
b) Chromium stripping solution ( see L-1.1 ) diluted with equal volume of water
(distilled).
K-6.2 Indications in Case of Penetration of Nickel Coatings —
Penetration of nickel coatings shall be indicated by the following signs:

Basis Metal Mark

a) Steel Copper spot ( see Note )
b) Copper Copper spot which shows up at once
c) Brass Brownish yellow spot
d) Aluminium Central black spot with a halo of copper
e) Zinc base alloys Black spot similar to that of aluminium
NOTE — This copper spot is not formed until the flow is stopped for a few seconds.
Owing to the solubility of metallic copper in the excess of the solution, a luminary
copper coloured blush may form due to pores, but a definite central perforation point
should be obtained.
K-6.3 Indications in Case of Penetration of Bright Nickel
Coatings — The usual end-points given by the coatings sometimes show
a darkening of the test spot by non-adherent blackish matter, which may
need to be wiped off at intervals with a stub of paper.
K-6.3.1 Correction Factor — In case of bright nickel deposited from baths
containing cobalt and formaldehyde, no correction is required.
K-6.3.2 For bright nickel deposited from baths containing sulphonic acid
and other organic additives, multiply thickness, obtained by jet test by a
correction factor 1.5.
K-7. TEST FOR DETERMINATION OF ABNORMAL NICKEL
K-7.0 The test given in K-7.1 may be carried out to determine the
abnormal nickel requiring the use of a correction factor.
K-7.1 Roughen the surface slightly by rubbing with a wet cloth sprinkled
with pumice powder (no other abrasive should be used). Dry with a clean
cloth and apply a drop of a solution prepared by dissolving 20 g of chromic
acid in 10 ml of concentrated sulphuric acid, distilled water being added
so as to yield 100 ml of the solution. If attack occurs rendering the drop
brown within 5 minutes, the deposit is of the type requiring the use of 1.5
correction factor.

*Specification for hydrochloric acid ( revised ).

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 IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
K-8. TESTING OF COMPOSITE COATINGS
K-8.1 Nickel and Copper-Nickel on Steel — Penetration of the top
nickel coatings is indicated by a copper spot. This broadens out as the
coating dissolves away. Penetration of the middle copper coating is
indicated by a white nickel spot. This in turn broadens out as the test
proceeds. Penetration of the bottom nickel coating is indicated by a copper
spot due to coppering of the exposed steel. Stripping solution should be
allowed to impinge only for short periods in succession to facilitate the
detection of the endpoints.
K-8.2 Nickel Copper on Steel — The penetration of the top nickel
coating is shown by a copper spot. The penetration of the bottom copper
coating may be shown by the periodic application to the spot of two drops
of antimony indicator solution ( see Note under K-6.1 ). This should be
applied by means of the tip of a pipette; such an application results in the
formation of black spot while the surrounding copper is almost
unaffected.
K-8.2.1 If the bottom copper layer is a very thin ‘flash’ deposit, as is usual
in practice, it is practically impossible to measure it. No black spot is
formed with the antimony indicator solution; instead, the copper spot
dissolves, leaving a light gray steel spot.
K-8.3 Nickel-Copper on Zinc Alloy Die Casting — Ferric chloride
solution is used and the penetration of the top nickel coating is indicated
by the formation of a copper spot.
The penetration of the bottom copper coating is shown by a black spot
around which a copper halo often forms.
NOTE — If there is doubt as to whether a coating is single or composite, it is helpful
to rub through the coating locally with a file or abrasive paper; a layer of copper
under a nickel coating, for example, can thus be recognized.

APPENDIX L
( Clause 33.1 )
APPROXIMATE MEASUREMENT OF THICKNESS OF
CHROMIUM ON NICKEL, STEEL AND COPPER
L-1. REAGENT
L-1.1 Chromium Stripping Solution — Dissolve 20 g of antimony
trioxide (Sb2O3) in one litre of concentrated hydrochloric acid of sp gr 1.16
(conforming to IS : 265-1962*).

*Specification for hydrochloric acid ( revised ).

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IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
L-2. PREPARATION OF SURFACE FOR TESTING
L-2.1 Rub the test piece with a mild abrasive. Degrease it by rubbing with
a damp cloth sprinkled over with fine pumice powder, magnesium oxide,
or acetone. Dry it in air.
L-3. METHOD OF TESTING
L-3.1 Immerse the degreased specimen or the surface to be tested in
chromium stripping solution. In case of bulky articles, the test may be
localized by using a glass ring about 25 mm in diameter and 25 mm in
height clamped in close contact with the test piece and the joint made
good by pressing plasticine around the outside lower periphery of the ring.
L-3.2 To stop action on some parts of an article, the attack may be
localized to a selected area by coating the remaining surface with
nitrocellulose varnish.
L-4 Record the time, from the appearance of black film over the surface
under test to the cessation of gassing, by means of a stop watch. Note
down the temperature of the solution.
L-5 The thickness of deposit is obtained by simple proportion from the
time required to dissolve a unit thickness at the temperature of testing
( see Fig. 21 ).

FIG. 21 TIME REQUIRED TO DISSOLVE 0.000 3 mm CHROMIUM AT

DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES

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 IS : 302 (Part 1) - 1979
INDIAN STANDARDS
ON
ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES
IS :
302 (Part I)-1979 General and safety requirements for household and similar
electrical appliances ( fifth revision )
365-1965 Electric hot plates ( revised )
366-1976 Electric irons ( second revision )
367-1977 Electric kettles and jugs for household and similar use ( second revision )
368-1977 Electric immersion water heaters ( second revision )
369-1965 Electric radiators ( revised )
959-1966 Electric soldering irons ( revised )
1287-1965 Electric toasters ( revised )
1401-1970 Assessibility test probes ( first revision )
1415-1966 Electric hand lamps ( revised )
1416-1972 Safety transformer ( first revision )
2082-1965 Storage type automatic electric water heaters ( revised )
2268-1966 Electric call bells and buzzers for indoor use ( revised )
2994-1965 Electric stoves
3010 (Part I)-1965 Appliance-connectors and appliance-inlets (non-reversible
three-pin type): Part I Appliance connectors
3010 (Part II)-1965 Appliance-connectors and appliance-inlets (non-reversible
three-pin type): Part II Appliance inlets
3017-1965 Thermostats for use with electric water heaters
3412-1965 Electric water boilers
3481-1966 Electric portable lamp stands and brackets
3514-1966 Electric coffee percolators (non-regulator type)
3724-1966 Cartridge type heating elements (non-embedded type)
3725-1966 Resistance wires, tapes and strips for heating elements
4158-1967 Solid embedded type electric heating elements
4159-1976 Mineral filled sheathed heating elements ( first revision )
4165-1967 Thermostats for general purpose electric ovens
4250-1967 Domestic electric food mixers (liquidizers, blenders and grinders)
5159-1969 Mains-operated electric shavers
5160-1969 Mains-operated synchronous clocks
5161-1969 Flexible electric heating pads for domestic use
5579-1970 Neon testers
5790-1970 Domestic electric cooking ovens
6290-1971 Steam irons
6365-1971 Laboratory electric ovens
6390-1971 Domestic electric clothes washing machines (non-automatic)
6446-1972 Mica insulated heating elements
7137-1973 Portable, hand held mains-operated electric massagers
7153-1973 Domestic electric controls for household appliances
7154-1973 Mains-operated electric hair-dryers
7603-1975 Portable low speed food grinding machines
8506-1977 Laboratory electrical resistance furnaces
139
Bureau of Indian Standards
BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 to
promote harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality
certification of goods and attending to connected matters in the country.
Copyright
BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any
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course of implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade
designations. Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publications), BIS.
Review of Indian Standards
Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are
also reviewed periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review
indicates that no changes are needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up
for revision. Users of Indian Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest
amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue of ‘BIS Catalogue’ and ‘Standards : Monthly
Additions’.
This Indian Standard has been developed by Technical Committee : ETDC 43 and amended by
ETD 32.

Amendments Issued Since Publication

Amend No. Date of Issue
Amd. No. 1 July 1983
Amd. No. 2 October 1985
Amd. No. 3 March 1988
Amd. No. 4 October 1989
Amd. No. 5 March 1992
Amd. No. 6 June 1993
Amd. No. 7 April 1998
Amd. No. 8 July 2000

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