> REPLACE THIS LINE WITH YOUR PAPER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (DOUBLE-CLICK HERE TO EDIT) < 1

Preparation of Papers for IEEE

First A. Author, Second B. Author, Jr., and Third C. Author, Member, IEEE

JOURNALS
(July 2018)

not change the font sizes or line spacing to squeeze more
Abstract—These instructions give you guidelines for text into a limited number of pages. Use italics for
preparing papers for IEEE T RANSACTIONS and JOURNALS. emphasis; do not underline.
Use this document as a template if you are using Microsoft Word To insert images in Word, position the cursor at the
6.0 or later. Otherwise, use this document as an instruction set. insertion point and either use Insert | Picture | From File or
The electronic file of your paper will be formatted further at
IEEE. Define all symbols used in the abstract. Do not cite copy the image to the Windows clipboard and then Edit |
references in the abstract. Do not delete the blank line Paste Special | Picture (with “float over text” unchecked).
immediately above the abstract; it sets the footnote at the IEEE will do the final formatting of your paper.
bottom of this column.
*NOTE* When creating a .PDF, please use Adobe
Index Terms—About four key words or phrases in
Acrobat as Ghostscript is not compatable when we do
alphabetical order, separated by commas. For a list of suggested
keywords, send a blank e-mail to keywords@ieee.org or visit crosschecks on the manuscripts.
http://www.ieee.org/organizations/pubs/ani_prod/keywrd98.txt

I. INTRODUCTION II.PROCEDURE FOR PAPER SUBMISSION

T HIS document is a template for Microsoft Word versions

6.0 or later. If you are reading a paper or PDF version of
this document, please download the electronic file,
A. Review Stage
Please go to http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/jqe-ieee to
TRANS-JOUR.DOC, from the IEEE Web site at submit your manuscript. Biographies are optional during the
http://www.ieee.org/web/publications/authors/transjnl/index.html so review stage but should your paper need to be revised, we will
you can use it to prepare your manuscript. If you would prefer need ALL bios submitted with your revised paper. All revised
to use LATEX, download IEEE’s LATEX style and sample papers should include a copy of the revised paper
files from the same Web page. Use these LATEX files for UNDERLINED to show changes as well as a clean copy
formatting, but please follow the instructions in TRANS- without the underlines.
JOUR.DOC or TRANS-JOUR.PDF. B. Final Stage
When you open TRANS-JOUR.DOC, select “Page Layout” When you submit your final version (after your paper has
from the “View” menu in the menu bar (View | Page Layout), been accepted), print it in two-column format, including
which allows you to see the footnotes. Then, type over figures and tables. Also, a complete list of contact information
sections of TRANS-JOUR.DOC or cut and paste from another for all authors should be included. Include full mailing
addresses, telephone numbers, fax numbers, and e-mail
document and use markup styles. The pull-down style menu addresses. This information will be used to send each author a
is at the left of the Formatting Toolbar at the top of your Word complimentary copy of the journal in which the paper
window (for example, the style at this point in the document appears. In addition, designate one author as the
is “Text”). Highlight a section that you want to designate with “corresponding author.” This is the author to whom proofs of
a certain style, then select the appropriate name on the style the paper will be sent. Proofs are sent to the corresponding
menu. The style will adjust your fonts and line spacing. Do author only.

Manuscript received October 9, 2001. (Write the date on which you
submitted your paper for review.) This work was supported in part by the U.S.
Department of Commerce under Grant BS123456 (sponsor and financial support
acknowledgment goes here). Paper titles should be written in uppercase and
lowercase letters, not all uppercase. Avoid writing long formulas with subscripts C. Figures
in the title; short formulas that identify the elements are fine (e.g., "Nd–Fe–B").
Do not write “(Invited)” in the title. Full names of authors are preferred in the Format and save your graphic images using a suitable
author field, but are not required. Put a space between authors’ initials. graphics processing program that will allow you to create the
F. A. Author is with the National Institute of Standards and Technology,
Boulder, CO 80305 USA (corresponding author to provide phone: 303-555- images as PostScript (PS), Encapsulated PostScript (EPS), or
5555; fax: 303-555-5555; e-mail: author@ boulder.nist.gov). Tagged Image File Format (TIFF), sizes them, and adjusts the
S. B. Author, Jr., was with Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 USA. He is resolution settings. If you created your source files in one of
now with the Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
80523 USA (e-mail: author@lamar.colostate.edu). the following you will be able to submit the graphics without
T. C. Author is with the Electrical Engineering Department, University of converting to a PS, EPS, or TIFF file: Microsoft Word,
Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, on leave from the National Research Microsoft PowerPoint, Microsoft Excel, or Portable
Institute for Metals, Tsukuba, Japan (e-mail: author@nrim.go.jp).
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Document Format (PDF). Type fonts when creating your figures, if possible. A listing of
the acceptable fonts are as follows: Open Type Fonts: Times
Roman, Helvetica, Helvetica Narrow, Courier, Symbol,
D. Electronic Image Files (Optional)
Palatino, Avant Garde, Bookman, Zapf Chancery, Zapf
Dingbats, and New Century Schoolbook.
Import your source files in one of the following: Microsoft
Word, Microsoft PowerPoint, Microsoft Excel, or Portable Print Color Graphics Requirements
Document Format (PDF); you will be able to submit the IEEE accepts color graphics in the following formats: EPS,
graphics without converting to a PS, EPS, or TIFF files. PS, TIFF, Word, PowerPoint, Excel, and PDF. The resolution
Image quality is very important to how yours graphics will of a RGB color TIFF file should be 400 dpi.
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quality on your printer or monitor, please keep in mind that files, we will have your hard copy scanned. Any of the files
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Web Color Graphics

If you are importing your graphics into this Word template, IEEE accepts color graphics in the following formats: EPS,
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If you are preparing images in TIFF, EPS, or PS format, print as black and white, it should be saved and submitted as
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should be prepared with 600 dpi resolution and saved with no IEEE Xplore in color, it should be submitted as RGB color.
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These requirements are designed to ensure sufficient image
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your images and result in poor reproduction. Therefore, it is
IEEE Graphics Checker Tool is available at
better if the image is slightly larger, as a minor reduction in
http://graphicsqc.ieee.org/
size should not have an adverse affect the quality of the
For more Information, contact the IEEE Graphics H-E-L-P
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Size of Author Photographs
graphic for us to check.
The final printed size of an author photograph is exactly
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Please ensure that the author photographs you submit are
proportioned similarly. If the author’s photograph does not
appear at the end of the paper, then please size it so that it is
proportional to the standard size of 1 9/16 inches wide by
2 inches long (9 1/2 picas × 12 picas). JPEG files are only
accepted for author photos.

How to create a PostScript File

First, download a PostScript printer driver from
http://www.adobe.com/support/downloads/pdrvwin.htm (for
Windows) or from http://www.adobe.com/support/downloads/
pdrvmac.htm (for Macintosh) and install the “Generic
PostScript Printer” definition. In Word, paste your figure into
a new document. Print to a file using the PostScript printer
driver. File names should be of the form “fig5.ps.” Use Open
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TABLE I
UNITS FOR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
Conversion from Gaussian and
Symbol Quantity
CGS EMU to SI a
 magnetic flux 1 Mx  108 Wb = 108 V·s
B magnetic flux density, 1 G  104 T = 104 Wb/m2
magnetic induction
H magnetic field strength 1 Oe  103/(4) A/m
m magnetic moment 1 erg/G = 1 emu
 103 A·m2 = 103 J/T
M magnetization 1 erg/(G·cm3) = 1 emu/cm3
 103 A/m
4M magnetization 1 G  103/(4) A/m
 specific magnetization 1 erg/(G·g) = 1 emu/g  1 A·m2/kg
j magnetic dipole 1 erg/G = 1 emu
moment  4  1010 Wb·m
J magnetic polarization 1 erg/(G·cm3) = 1 emu/cm3
 4  104 T
,  susceptibility 1  4
 mass susceptibility 1 cm3/g  4  103 m3/kg
 permeability 1  4  107 H/m
Fig. 1. Magnetization as a function of applied field. Note that “Fig.” is = 4  107 Wb/(A·m)
abbreviated. There is a period after the figure number, followed by two spaces. relative permeability
r   r
It is good practice to explain the significance of the figure in the caption.
w, W energy density 1 erg/cm3  101 J/m3
N, D demagnetizing factor 1  1/(4)
E. Copyright Form Vertical lines are optional in tables. Statements that serve as captions for the
entire table do not need footnote letters.
An IEEE copyright form should accompany your final a
Gaussian units are the same as cgs emu for magnetostatics; Mx = maxwell,
submission. You can get a .pdf, .html, or .doc version at G = gauss, Oe = oersted; Wb = weber, V = volt, s = second, T = tesla, m =
http://www.ieee.org/copyright. Authors are responsible for meter, A = ampere, J = joule, kg = kilogram, H = henry.
obtaining any security clearances.

bottom of each column. Large figures and tables may span

III. MATH
both columns. Place figure captions below the figures; place
If you are using Word, use either the Microsoft Equation table titles above the tables. If your figure has two parts,
Editor or the MathType add-on (http://www.mathtype.com) include the labels “(a)” and “(b)” as part of the artwork.
for equations in your paper (Insert | Object | Create New | Please verify that the figures and tables you mention in the
Microsoft Equation or MathType Equation). “Float over text” text actually exist. Please do not include captions as part of
should not be selected. the figures. Do not put captions in “text boxes” linked to
the figures. Do not put borders around the outside of your
figures. Use the abbreviation “Fig.” even at the beginning of
IV. UNITS a sentence. Do not abbreviate “Table.” Tables are numbered
Use either SI (MKS) or CGS as primary units. (SI units are with Roman numerals.
strongly encouraged.) English units may be used as secondary Color printing of figures is available, but is billed to the
units (in parentheses). This applies to papers in data authors. Include a note with your final paper indicating that
storage. For example, write “15 Gb/cm 2 (100 Gb/in 2).” An you request and will pay for color printing. Do not use color
exception is when English units are used as identifiers in unless it is necessary for the proper interpretation of your
trade, such as “3½-in disk drive.” Avoid combining SI and figures. If you want reprints of your color article, the reprint
CGS units, such as current in amperes and magnetic field in order should be submitted promptly. There is an additional
oersteds. This often leads to confusion because equations do charge for color reprints. Please note that many IEEE
not balance dimensionally. If you must use mixed units, journals now allow an author to publish color figures on
clearly state the units for each quantity in an equation. Xplore and black and white figures in print. Contact your
The SI unit for magnetic field strength H is A/m. However, society representative for specific requirements.
if you wish to use units of T, either refer to magnetic flux Figure axis labels are often a source of confusion. Use
density B or magnetic field strength symbolized as µ0H. Use words rather than symbols. As an example, write the quantity
the center dot to separate compound units, e.g., “A·m 2.” “Magnetization,” or “Magnetization M,” not just “M.” Put
units in parentheses. Do not label axes only with units. As in
Fig. 1, for example, write “Magnetization (A/m)” or
V. HELPFUL HINTS 
“Magnetization (A m1),” not just “A/m.” Do not label axes
with a ratio of quantities and units. For example, write
A. Figures and Tables “Temperature (K),” not “Temperature/K.”
Because IEEE will do the final formatting of your paper, Multipliers can be especially confusing. Write
you do not need to position figures and tables at the top and “Magnetization (kA/m)” or “Magnetization (10 3 A/m).” Do
> REPLACE THIS LINE WITH YOUR PAPER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (DOUBLE-CLICK HERE TO EDIT) < 4

not write “Magnetization (A/m)  1000” because the reader r2

would not know whether the top axis label in Fig. 1 meant  0
F ( r ,  ) dr d  [ r2 / ( 2 0 )]

16000 A/m or 0.016 A/m. Figure labels should be legible,  exp(   | z j  zi | ) 1 J 1 (  r2 ) J 0 (  ri ) d .
approximately 8 to 12 point type. 0

(1)
B. References
Number citations consecutively in square brackets [1]. The Be sure that the symbols in your equation have been
sentence punctuation follows the brackets [2]. Multiple defined before the equation appears or immediately following.
references [2], [3] are each numbered with separate brackets Italicize symbols (T might refer to temperature, but T is the
[1]–[3]. When citing a section in a book, please give the unit tesla). Refer to “(1),” not “Eq. (1)” or “equation (1),”
relevant page numbers [2]. In sentences, refer simply to the except at the beginning of a sentence: “Equation (1) is ... .”
reference number, as in [3]. Do not use “Ref. [3]” or
“reference [3]” except at the beginning of a sentence: E. Other Recommendations
“Reference [3] shows ... .” Please do not use automatic Use one space after periods and colons. Hyphenate complex
endnotes in Word, rather, type the reference list at the end of modifiers: “zero-field-cooled magnetization.” Avoid dangling
the paper using the “References” style. participles, such as, “Using (1), the potential was calculated.”
Number footnotes separately in superscripts (Insert | [It is not clear who or what used (1).] Write instead, “The
Footnote).1 Place the actual footnote at the bottom of the potential was calculated by using (1),” or “Using (1), we
column in which it is cited; do not put footnotes in the calculated the potential.”
reference list (endnotes). Use letters for table footnotes (see Use a zero before decimal points: “0.25,” not “.25.” Use
Table I). “cm3,” not “cc.” Indicate sample dimensions as “0.1 cm  0.2
Please note that the references at the end of this document cm,” not “0.1  0.2 cm2.” The abbreviation for “seconds” is
are in the preferred referencing style. Give all authors’ names; “s,” not “sec.” Do not mix complete spellings and
do not use “et al.” unless there are six authors or more. Use a abbreviations of units: use “Wb/m 2” or “webers per square
space after authors’ initials. Papers that have not been meter,” not “webers/m 2.” When expressing a range of values,
published should be cited as “unpublished” [4]. Papers that write “7 to 9” or “7-9,” not “7~9.”
have been accepted for publication, but not yet specified for A parenthetical statement at the end of a sentence is
an issue should be cited as “to be published” [5]. Papers that punctuated outside of the closing parenthesis (like this). (A
have been submitted for publication should be cited as parenthetical sentence is punctuated within the parentheses.)
“submitted for publication” [6]. Please give affiliations and In American English, periods and commas are within
addresses for private communications [7]. quotation marks, like “this period.” Other punctuation is
Capitalize only the first word in a paper title, except for “outside”! Avoid contractions; for example, write “do not”
proper nouns and element symbols. For papers published in instead of “don’t.” The serial comma is preferred: “A, B, and
translation journals, please give the English citation first, C” instead of “A, B and C.”
followed by the original foreign-language citation [8]. If you wish, you may write in the first person singular or
C. Abbreviations and Acronyms plural and use the active voice (“I observed that ...” or “We
observed that ...” instead of “It was observed that ...”).
Define abbreviations and acronyms the first time they are Remember to check spelling. If your native language is not
used in the text, even after they have already been defined in English, please get a native English-speaking colleague to
the abstract. Abbreviations such as IEEE, SI, ac, and dc do carefully proofread your paper.
not have to be defined. Abbreviations that incorporate periods
should not have spaces: write “C.N.R.S.,” not “C. N. R. S.” VI. SOME COMMON MISTAKES
Do not use abbreviations in the title unless they are
unavoidable (for example, “IEEE” in the title of this article). The word “data” is plural, not singular. The subscript for
the permeability of vacuum µ0 is zero, not a lowercase letter
D. Equations “o.” The term for residual magnetization is “remanence”; the
Number equations consecutively with equation numbers in adjective is “remanent”; do not write “remnance” or
parentheses flush with the right margin, as in (1). First use “remnant.” Use the word “micrometer” instead of “micron.”
the equation editor to create the equation. Then select the A graph within a graph is an “inset,” not an “insert.” The
“Equation” markup style. Press the tab key and write the word “alternatively” is preferred to the word “alternately”
equation number in parentheses. To make your equations (unless you really mean something that alternates). Use the
more compact, you may use the solidus ( / ), the exp function, word “whereas” instead of “while” (unless you are referring
or appropriate exponents. Use parentheses to avoid to simultaneous events). Do not use the word “essentially” to
ambiguities in denominators. Punctuate equations when they mean “approximately” or “effectively.” Do not use the word
are part of a sentence, as in “issue” as a euphemism for “problem.” When compositions
are not specified, separate chemical symbols by en-dashes; for
example, “NiMn” indicates the intermetallic compound
Ni0.5Mn0.5 whereas “Ni–Mn” indicates an alloy of some
1
It is recommended that footnotes be avoided (except for the unnumbered composition NixMn1-x.
footnote with the receipt date on the first page). Instead, try to integrate the
footnote information into the text.
Be aware of the different meanings of the homophones
> REPLACE THIS LINE WITH YOUR PAPER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (DOUBLE-CLICK HERE TO EDIT) < 5

“affect” (usually a verb) and “effect” (usually a noun), 3) Authors must convince both peer reviewers and the
“complement” and “compliment,” “discreet” and “discrete,” editors of the scientific and technical merit of a paper;
“principal” (e.g., “principal investigator”) and “principle” the standards of proof are higher when extraordinary or
(e.g., “principle of measurement”). Do not confuse “imply” unexpected results are reported.
and “infer.” 4) Because replication is required for scientific progress,
Prefixes such as “non,” “sub,” “micro,” “multi,” and papers submitted for publication must provide sufficient
“ultra” are not independent words; they should be joined to information to allow readers to perform similar
the words they modify, usually without a hyphen. There is no experiments or calculations and use the reported results.
period after the “et” in the Latin abbreviation “et al.” (it is Although not everything need be disclosed, a paper must
also italicized). The abbreviation “i.e.,” means “that is,” and contain new, useable, and fully described information.
the abbreviation “e.g.,” means “for example” (these For example, a specimen’s chemical composition need
abbreviations are not italicized). not be reported if the main purpose of a paper is to
An excellent style manual and source of information for introduce a new measurement technique. Authors should
science writers is [9]. A general IEEE style guide and an expect to be challenged by reviewers if the results are not
Information for Authors are both available at supported by adequate data and critical details.
http://www.ieee.org/web/publications/authors/transjnl/index.html 5) Papers that describe ongoing work or announce the latest
technical achievement, which are suitable for
presentation at a professional conference, may not be
VII. EDITORIAL POLICY appropriate for publication in a T RANSACTIONS or
Do not submit a reworked version of a paper you have JOURNAL.
submitted or published elsewhere. Do not publish
“preliminary” data or results. The submitting author is
responsible for obtaining agreement of all coauthors and any IX. CONCLUSION
consent required from sponsors before submitting a paper. A conclusion section is not required. Although a conclusion
IEEE TRANSACTIONS and JOURNALS strongly discourage may review the main points of the paper, do not replicate the
courtesy authorship. It is the obligation of the authors to cite abstract as the conclusion. A conclusion might elaborate on
relevant prior work. the importance of the work or suggest applications and
The Transactions and Journals Department does not extensions.
publish conference records or proceedings. The
TRANSACTIONS does publish papers related to conferences APPENDIX
that have been recommended for publication on the basis of Appendixes, if needed, appear before the acknowledgment.
peer review. As a matter of convenience and service to the
technical community, these topical papers are collected and
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
published in one issue of the TRANSACTIONS.
At least two reviews are required for every paper The preferred spelling of the word “acknowledgment” in
submitted. For conference-related papers, the decision to American English is without an “e” after the “g.” Use the
accept or reject a paper is made by the conference editors and singular heading even if you have many acknowledgments.
publications committee; the recommendations of the referees Avoid expressions such as “One of us (S.B.A.) would like to
are advisory only. Undecipherable English is a valid reason thank ... .” Instead, write “F. A. Author thanks ... .” Sponsor
for rejection. Authors of rejected papers may revise and and financial support acknowledgments are placed in the
resubmit as new papers, whereupon they will be reviewed by unnumbered footnote on the first page, not here.
two new referees.
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Wadsworth, 1993, pp. 123–135.
peer-reviewed and archival. The T RANSACTIONS publishes [3] H. Poor, An Introduction to Signal Detection and Estimation. New York:
scholarly articles of archival value as well as tutorial Springer-Verlag, 1985, ch. 4.
expositions and critical reviews of classical subjects and [4] B. Smith, “An approach to graphs of linear forms (Unpublished work
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[9] M. Young, The Techincal Writers Handbook. Mill Valley, CA: University societies other than the IEEE. Finally, list any awards and work for IEEE
Science, 1989. committees and publications. If a photograph is provided, the biography will be
[10] J. U. Duncombe, “Infrared navigation—Part I: An assessment of feasibility indented around it. The photograph is placed at the top left of the biography.
(Periodical style),” IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, vol. ED-11, pp. 34–39, Personal hobbies will be deleted from the biography.
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vidmar

ALL BIOS ARE REQUIRED

First A. Author (M’76–SM’81–F’87) and the other authors may include

biographies at the end of regular papers. Biographies are often not included in
conference-related papers. This author became a Member (M) of IEEE in 1976,
a Senior Member (SM) in 1981, and a Fellow (F) in 1987. The first paragraph
may contain a place and/or date of birth (list place, then date). Next, the author’s
educational background is listed. The degrees should be listed with type of
degree in what field, which institution, city, state, and country, and year degree
was earned. The author’s major field of study should be lower-cased.
The second paragraph uses the pronoun of the person (he or she) and not the
author’s last name. It lists military and work experience, including summer and
fellowship jobs. Job titles are capitalized. The current job must have a location;
previous positions may be listed without one. Information concerning previous
publications may be included. Try not to list more than three books or published
articles. The format for listing publishers of a book within the biography is: title
of book (city, state: publisher name, year) similar to a reference. Current and
previous research interests end the paragraph.
The third paragraph begins with the author’s title and last name (e.g., Dr.
Smith, Prof. Jones, Mr. Kajor, Ms. Hunter). List any memberships in professional