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First A. Author, Second B. Author, Jr., and Third C. Author, Member, IEEE
Preparation of Papers for IEEE OPEN JOURNAL
Abstract (The abstract should not exceed 250 words. It should briefly summarize the essence of the paper and address the
following areas without using specific subsection titles.): Objective: Briefly state the problem or issue addressed, in language
accessible to a general scientific audience. Technology or Method: Briefly summarize the technological innovation or method
used to address the problem. Results: Provide a brief summary of the results and findings. Conclusions: Give brief concluding
remarks on your outcomes. Clinical Impact: Comment on the translational aspect of the work presented in the paper and its
potential clinical impact. Detailed discussion of these aspects should be provided in the main body of the paper.

(Note that the organization of the body of the paper is at the authors’ discretion; the only required sections are Introduction,
Methods and Procedures, Results, Conclusion, and References. Acknowledgements and Appendices are encouraged but
optional.)

Index Terms—At least four keywords or phrases in alphabetical order, separated by commas. For a list of suggested keywords, send a
blank e-mail to keywords@ieee.org or visit http://www.ieee.org/organizations/pubs/ani_prod/keywrd98.txt\

Note: There should no nonstandard abbreviations, acknowledgments of support, references or footnotes in in the abstract.

IEEE will do the final formatting of your paper. If your

paper is intended for a conference, please observe the
conference page limits.
I. INTRODUCTION1

T HIS document is a template for Microsoft Word

versions 6.0 or later. If you are reading a paper or PDF
version of this document, please download the electronic
II.PROCEDURES FOR PAPER SUBMISSION

file from the IEEE Web site at A. Review Stage

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National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305 USA (e-
mail: author@ boulder.nist.gov). has been accepted), print it in two-column format,
S. B. Author, Jr., was with Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 USA. He including figures and tables. You must also send your final
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Collins, CO 80523 USA (e-mail: author@lamar.colostate.edu).
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Institute for Metals, Tsukuba, Japan (e-mail: author@nrim.go.jp).
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TABLE I
UNITS FOR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
Conversion from Gaussian and
Symbol Quantity
CGS EMU to SI a
 magnetic flux 1 Mx  108 Wb = 108 V·s
B magnetic flux density, 1 G  104 T = 104 Wb/m2
magnetic induction
H magnetic field strength 1 Oe  103/(4) A/m
m magnetic moment 1 erg/G = 1 emu
 103 A·m2 = 103 J/T
M magnetization 1 erg/(G·cm3) = 1 emu/cm3
 103 A/m
4M magnetization 1 G  103/(4) A/m
 specific magnetization 1 erg/(G·g) = 1 emu/g  1 A·m2/kg
j magnetic dipole 1 erg/G = 1 emu
moment  4  1010 Wb·m
J magnetic polarization 1 erg/(G·cm3) = 1 emu/cm3
 4  104 T
,  susceptibility 1  4
 mass susceptibility 1 cm3/g  4  103 m3/kg
 permeability 1  4  107 H/m
Fig. 1. Magnetization as a function of applied field. Note that “Fig.” is = 4  107 Wb/(A·m)
abbreviated. There is a period after the figure number, followed by two spaces. relative permeability
r   r
It is good practice to explain the significance of the figure in the caption.
w, W energy density 1 erg/cm3  101 J/m3
N, D demagnetizing factor 1  1/(4)

description of why and instructions on how to correct the Vertical lines are optional in tables. Statements that serve as captions for the
problem will be sent. The IEEE Graphics Checker Tool is entire table do not need footnote letters.
a
Gaussian units are the same as cgs emu for magnetostatics; Mx = maxwell,
available at http://graphicsqc.ieee.org/ G = gauss, Oe = oersted; Wb = weber, V = volt, s = second, T = tesla, m =
For more Information, contact the IEEE Graphics H-E- meter, A = ampere, J = joule, kg = kilogram, H = henry.
L-P Desk by e-mail at graphics@ieee.org. You will then
receive an e-mail response and sometimes a request for a
sample graphic for us to check.
magnetic flux density B or magnetic field strength
symbolized as µ0H. Use the center dot to separate
E. Copyright Form compound units, e.g., “A·m2.”
An IEEE copyright form should accompany your final
submission. You can get a .pdf, .html, or .doc version at
http://www.ieee.org/copyright. Authors are responsible for V. HELPFUL HINTS
obtaining any security clearances.
A. Figures and Tables
Because IEEE will do the final formatting of your paper,
III. MATH you do not need to position figures and tables at the top
If you are using Word, use either the Microsoft Equation and bottom of each column. Large figures and tables may
Editor or the MathType add-on (http://www.mathtype.com) span both columns. Place figure captions below the figures;
for equations in your paper (Insert | Object | Create New | place table titles above the tables. If your figure has two
Microsoft Equation or MathType Equation). “Float over parts, include the labels “(a)” and “(b)” as part of the
text” should not be selected. artwork. Please verify that the figures and tables you
mention in the text actually exist. Please do not include
captions as part of the figures. Do not put captions in
IV. UNITS “text boxes” linked to the figures. Do not put borders
around the outside of your figures. Use the abbreviation
Use either SI (MKS) or CGS as primary units. (SI units “Fig.” even at the beginning of a sentence. Do not
are strongly encouraged.) English units may be used as abbreviate “Table.” Tables are numbered with Roman
secondary units (in parentheses). This applies to papers in numerals.
data storage. For example, write “15 Gb/cm2 (100 Figure axis labels are often a source of confusion. Use
Gb/in 2).” An exception is when English units are used as words rather than symbols. As an example, write the
identifiers in trade, such as “3½-in disk drive.” Avoid quantity “Magnetization,” or “Magnetization M,” not just
combining SI and CGS units, such as current in amperes “M.” Put units in parentheses. Do not label axes only with
and magnetic field in oersteds. This often leads to units. As in Fig. 1, for example, write “Magnetization
confusion because equations do not balance dimensionally.
If you must use mixed units, clearly state the units for each ×
(A/m)” or “Magnetization (A m1),” not just “A/m.” Do
not label axes with a ratio of quantities and units. For
quantity in an equation.
The SI unit for magnetic field strength H is A/m. example, write “Temperature (K),” not “Temperature/K.”
However, if you wish to use units of T, either refer to Multipliers can be especially confusing. Write
“Magnetization (kA/m)” or “Magnetization (10 3 A/m).” Do when they are part of a sentence, as in
not write “Magnetization (A/m)  1000” because the
r2
reader would not know whether the top axis label in Fig. 1
meant 16000 A/m or 0.016 A/m. Figure labels should be ò 0
F ( r, j ) dr dj = [ r2 / ( 2 0 )]
¥
legible, approximately 8 to 12 point type. ×ò exp(  l | zj  zi | ) l1 J 1 ( l r2 ) J 0 ( l ri ) dl .
0
B. References (1)
Number citations consecutively in square brackets [1].
The sentence punctuation follows the brackets [2]. Multiple Be sure that the symbols in your equation have been
references [2], [3] are each numbered with separate defined before the equation appears or immediately
brackets [1]–[3]. When citing a section in a book, please following. Italicize symbols (T might refer to temperature,
give the relevant page numbers [2]. In sentences, refer but T is the unit tesla). Refer to “(1),” not “Eq. (1)” or
simply to the reference number, as in [3]. Do not use “Ref. “equation (1),” except at the beginning of a sentence:
[3]” or “reference [3]” except at the beginning of a “Equation (1) is ... .”
sentence: “Reference [3] shows ... .” Please do not use
automatic endnotes in Word, rather, type the reference list E. Other Recommendations
at the end of the paper using the “References” style. Use one space after periods and colons. Hyphenate
Number footnotes separately in superscripts (Insert | complex modifiers: “zero-field-cooled magnetization.”
Footnote).2 Place the actual footnote at the bottom of the Avoid dangling participles, such as, “Using (1), the
column in which it is cited; do not put footnotes in the potential was calculated.” [It is not clear who or what used
reference list (endnotes). Use letters for table footnotes (see (1).] Write instead, “The potential was calculated by using
Table I). (1),” or “Using (1), we calculated the potential.”
Please note that the references at the end of this Use a zero before decimal points: “0.25,” not “.25.” Use
document are in the preferred referencing style. Give all “cm3,” not “cc.” Indicate sample dimensions as “0.1 cm 
authors’ names; do not use “et al.” unless there are six 0.2 cm,” not “0.1  0.2 cm2.” The abbreviation for
authors or more. Use a space after authors’ initials. Papers “seconds” is “s,” not “sec.” Do not mix complete spellings
that have not been published should be cited as and abbreviations of units: use “Wb/m 2” or “webers per
“unpublished” [4]. Papers that have been accepted for square meter,” not “webers/m 2.” When expressing a range
publication, but not yet specified for an issue should be of values, write “7 to 9” or “7-9,” not “7~9.”
cited as “to be published” [5]. Papers that have been A parenthetical statement at the end of a sentence is
submitted for publication should be cited as “submitted for punctuated outside of the closing parenthesis (like this). (A
publication” [6]. Please give affiliations and addresses for parenthetical sentence is punctuated within the
private communications [7]. parentheses.) In American English, periods and commas
Capitalize only the first word in a paper title, except for are within quotation marks, like “this period.” Other
proper nouns and element symbols. For papers published punctuation is “outside”! Avoid contractions; for example,
in translation journals, please give the English citation write “do not” instead of “don’t.” The serial comma is
first, followed by the original foreign-language citation [8]. preferred: “A, B, and C” instead of “A, B and C.”
C. Abbreviations and Acronyms If you wish, you may write in the first person singular or
plural and use the active voice (“I observed that ...” or “We
Define abbreviations and acronyms the first time they are observed that ...” instead of “It was observed that ...”).
used in the text, even after they have already been defined Remember to check spelling. If your native language is not
in the abstract. Abbreviations such as IEEE, SI, ac, and dc English, please get a native English-speaking colleague to
do not have to be defined. Abbreviations that incorporate carefully proofread your paper.
periods should not have spaces: write “C.N.R.S.,” not “C.
N. R. S.” Do not use abbreviations in the title unless they VI. SOME COMMON MISTAKES
are unavoidable (for example, “IEEE” in the title of this
article). The word “data” is plural, not singular. The subscript for
the permeability of vacuum µ0 is zero, not a lowercase
D. Equations letter “o.” The term for residual magnetization is
Number equations consecutively with equation numbers “remanence”; the adjective is “remanent”; do not write
in parentheses flush with the right margin, as in (1). First “remnance” or “remnant.” Use the word “micrometer”
use the equation editor to create the equation. Then select instead of “micron.” A graph within a graph is an “inset,”
the “Equation” markup style. Press the tab key and write not an “insert.” The word “alternatively” is preferred to the
the equation number in parentheses. To make your word “alternately” (unless you really mean something that
equations more compact, you may use the solidus ( / ), the alternates). Use the word “whereas” instead of “while”
exp function, or appropriate exponents. Use parentheses to (unless you are referring to simultaneous events). Do not
avoid ambiguities in denominators. Punctuate equations use the word “essentially” to mean “approximately” or
“effectively.” Do not use the word “issue” as a euphemism
2
It is recommended that footnotes be avoided (except for the unnumbered for “problem.” When compositions are not specified,
footnote with the receipt date on the first page). Instead, try to integrate the
footnote information into the text.
separate chemical symbols by en-dashes; for example,
> REPLACE THIS LINE WITH YOUR PAPER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (DOUBLE-CLICK HERE TO EDIT) < 5

“NiMn” indicates the intermetallic compound Ni 0.5Mn0.5 prior work.

whereas “Ni–Mn” indicates an alloy of some composition 2) The length of a submitted paper should be
NixMn1-x. commensurate with the importance, or appropriate to
Be aware of the different meanings of the homophones the complexity, of the work. For example, an obvious
“affect” (usually a verb) and “effect” (usually a noun), extension of previously published work might not be
“complement” and “compliment,” “discreet” and appropriate for publication or might be adequately
“discrete,” “principal” (e.g., “principal investigator”) and treated in just a few pages.
“principle” (e.g., “principle of measurement”). Do not 3) Authors must convince both peer reviewers and the
confuse “imply” and “infer.” editors of the scientific and technical merit of a paper;
Prefixes such as “non,” “sub,” “micro,” “multi,” and the standards of proof are higher when extraordinary
“ultra” are not independent words; they should be joined to or unexpected results are reported.
the words they modify, usually without a hyphen. There is 4) Because replication is required for scientific progress,
no period after the “et” in the Latin abbreviation “et al.” (it papers submitted for publication must provide
is also italicized). The abbreviation “i.e.,” means “that is,” sufficient information to allow readers to perform
and the abbreviation “e.g.,” means “for example” (these similar experiments or calculations and use the
abbreviations are not italicized). reported results. Although not everything need be
An excellent style manual and source of information for disclosed, a paper must contain new, useable, and fully
science writers is [9]. A general IEEE style guide and an described information. For example, a specimen’s
Information for Authors are both available at chemical composition need not be reported if the main
http://www.ieee.org/web/publications/authors/transjnl/index.html purpose of a paper is to introduce a new measurement
technique. Authors should expect to be challenged by
reviewers if the results are not supported by adequate
VII. EDITORIAL POLICY data and critical details.
Submission of a manuscript is not required for 5) Papers that describe ongoing work or announce the
participation in a conference. Do not submit a reworked latest technical achievement, which are suitable for
version of a paper you have submitted or published presentation at a professional conference, may not be
elsewhere. Do not publish “preliminary” data or results. appropriate for publication in a T RANSACTIONS or
The submitting author is responsible for obtaining JOURNAL.
agreement of all coauthors and any consent required from
sponsors before submitting a paper. IEEE T RANSACTIONS
and JOURNALS strongly discourage courtesy authorship. It IX. CONCLUSION
is the obligation of the authors to cite relevant prior work. Please include a brief summary of the possible clinical
The Transactions and Journals Department does not implications of your work in the conclusion section.
publish conference records or proceedings. The Although a conclusion may review the main points of the
TRANSACTIONS does publish papers related to conferences paper, do not replicate the abstract as the conclusion.
that have been recommended for publication on the basis of Consider elaborating on the translational importance of the
peer review. As a matter of convenience and service to the work or suggest applications and extensions.
technical community, these topical papers are collected and
published in one issue of the TRANSACTIONS. APPENDIX
At least two reviews are required for every paper Appendixes, if needed, appear before the
submitted. For conference-related papers, the decision to acknowledgment.
accept or reject a paper is made by the conference editors
and publications committee; the recommendations of the
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
referees are advisory only. Undecipherable English is a
valid reason for rejection. Authors of rejected papers may The preferred spelling of the word “acknowledgment” in
revise and resubmit them to the T RANSACTIONS as regular American English is without an “e” after the “g.” Use the
papers, whereupon they will be reviewed by two new singular heading even if you have many acknowledgments.
referees. Avoid expressions such as “One of us (S.B.A.) would like
to thank ... .” Instead, write “F. A. Author thanks ... .”
Sponsor and financial support acknowledgments are
VIII.PUBLICATION PRINCIPLES placed in the unnumbered footnote on the first page, not
here.
The contents of IEEE TRANSACTIONS and JOURNALS are
peer-reviewed and archival. The T RANSACTIONS publishes
REFERENCES
scholarly articles of archival value as well as tutorial
[1] G. O. Young, “Synthetic structure of industrial plastics (Book style with
expositions and critical reviews of classical subjects and paper title and editor),” in Plastics, 2nd ed. vol. 3, J. Peters, Ed.
topics of current interest. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1964, pp. 15–64.
Authors should consider the following points: [2] W.-K. Chen, Linear Networks and Systems (Book style). Belmont,
CA: Wadsworth, 1993, pp. 123–135.
1) Technical papers submitted for publication must [3] H. Poor, An Introduction to Signal Detection and Estimation. New
advance the state of knowledge and must cite relevant York: Springer-Verlag, 1985, ch. 4.
[4] B. Smith, “An approach to graphs of linear forms (Unpublished work conference-related papers. This author became a Member (M) of IEEE in
style),” unpublished. 1976, a Senior Member (SM) in 1981, and a Fellow (F) in 1987. The first
[5] E. H. Miller, “A note on reflector arrays (Periodical style—Accepted for paragraph may contain a place and/or date of birth (list place, then date).
publication),” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., to be published. Next, the author’s educational background is listed. The degrees should be
[6] J. Wang, “Fundamentals of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers arrays listed with type of degree in what field, which institution, city, state, and
(Periodical style—Submitted for publication),” IEEE J. Quantum country, and year degree was earned. The author’s major field of study should
Electron., submitted for publication. be lower-cased.
[7] C. J. Kaufman, Rocky Mountain Research Lab., Boulder, CO, private The second paragraph uses the pronoun of the person (he or she) and not
communication, May 1995. the author’s last name. It lists military and work experience, including
[8] Y. Yorozu, M. Hirano, K. Oka, and Y. Tagawa, “Electron spectroscopy summer and fellowship jobs. Job titles are capitalized. The current job must
studies on magneto-optical media and plastic substrate interfaces have a location; previous positions may be listed without one. Information
(Translation Journals style),” IEEE Transl. J. Magn.Jpn., vol. 2, Aug. concerning previous publications may be included. Try not to list more than
1987, pp. 740–741 [Dig. 9th Annu. Conf. Magnetics Japan, 1982, p. three books or published articles. The format for listing publishers of a book
301]. within the biography is: title of book (city, state: publisher name, year)
[9] M. Young, The Techincal Writers Handbook. Mill Valley, CA: similar to a reference. Current and previous research interests end the
University Science, 1989. paragraph.
[10] J. U. Duncombe, “Infrared navigation—Part I: An assessment of The third paragraph begins with the author’s title and last name (e.g., Dr.
feasibility (Periodical style),” IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, vol. ED- Smith, Prof. Jones, Mr. Kajor, Ms. Hunter). List any memberships in
11, pp. 34–39, Jan. 1959. professional societies other than the IEEE. Finally, list any awards and work
[11] S. Chen, B. Mulgrew, and P. M. Grant, “A clustering technique for for IEEE committees and publications. If a photograph is provided, the
digital communications channel equalization using radial basis function biography will be indented around it. The photograph is placed at the top left
networks,” IEEE Trans. Neural Networks, vol. 4, pp. 570–578, Jul. of the biography. Personal hobbies will be deleted from the biography.
1993.
[12] R. W. Lucky, “Automatic equalization for digital communication,” Bell
Syst. Tech. J., vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 547–588, Apr. 1965.
[13] S. P. Bingulac, “On the compatibility of adaptive controllers (Published
Conference Proceedings style),” in Proc. 4th Annu. Allerton Conf.
Circuits and Systems Theory, New York, 1994, pp. 8–16.
[14] G. R. Faulhaber, “Design of service systems with priority reservation,”
in Conf. Rec. 1995 IEEE Int. Conf. Communications, pp. 3–8.
[15] W. D. Doyle, “Magnetization reversal in films with biaxial anisotropy,”
in 1987 Proc. INTERMAG Conf., pp. 2.2-1–2.2-6.
[16] G. W. Juette and L. E. Zeffanella, “Radio noise currents n short sections
on bundle conductors (Presented Conference Paper style),” presented at
the IEEE Summer power Meeting, Dallas, TX, Jun. 22–27, 1990,
Paper 90 SM 690-0 PWRS.
[17] J. G. Kreifeldt, “An analysis of surface-detected EMG as an amplitude-
modulated noise,” presented at the 1989 Int. Conf. Medicine and
Biological Engineering, Chicago, IL.
[18] J. Williams, “Narrow-band analyzer (Thesis or Dissertation style),”
Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Elect. Eng., Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA,
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First A. Author (M’76–SM’81–F’87) and the other authors may include

biographies at the end of regular papers. Biographies are often not included in