06/11/2013

Session 16

Optimization
process

ITU ASP COE Training on

“Wireless Broadband”
Sami TABBANE

5-8 November 2013 – Nadi (Fiji Islands)

1

CONTENTS

I. Network optimization overview

II. Optimization process
III. RF analysis approach
IV. Offload techniques
V. Summary

1
 06/11/2013

Session 16

Optimization
process

ITU ASP COE Training on

“Wireless Broadband”
Sami TABBANE

5-8 November 2013 – Nadi (Fiji Islands)

1

CONTENTS

I. Network optimization overview

II. Optimization process
III. RF analysis approach
IV. Offload techniques
V. Summary

1
 06/11/2013

CONTENTS

I. Network optimization overview

Network optimization overview

Objectives

To ensure acceptable coverage & link quality capacity

To manage Pilot pollution cell overlap/ Handoff

regions

To resolve Engineering requirements vs available

equipment customer complaints

2
 06/11/2013

CONTENTS

I. Network optimization overview

Network optimization overview

Objectives

To ensure acceptable coverage & link quality capacity

To manage Pilot pollution cell overlap/ Handoff

regions

To resolve Engineering requirements vs available

equipment customer complaints

2
 06/11/2013

Network optimization overview

General optimization process

New site access RF optimization

Single site verification Service test and

parameter optimization

N y
Cluster of sites
ready? Optimization objectives reached?

Optimization end

Network optimization overview

Optimization strategy

Quality& Key performance

Radio/signaling Single site Cor/Mobility

capabilities verification performance

RAN Performances HW
Counters
parameters indicators capability

Cel l capacity RRM/Field/installation Cell coverage

3
 06/11/2013

Network optimization overview

General optimization process

New site access RF optimization

Single site verification Service test and

parameter optimization

N y
Cluster of sites
ready? Optimization objectives reached?

Optimization end

Network optimization overview

Optimization strategy

Quality& Key performance

Radio/signaling Single site Cor/Mobility

capabilities verification performance

RAN Performances HW
Counters
parameters indicators capability

Cel l capacity RRM/Field/installation Cell coverage

3
 06/11/2013

CONTENTS

II. Optimization process

CONTENTS

II. Optimization process

1. Single site verification

2. RF optimization

3. Dropped call classification

4. Blocked call classification

4
 06/11/2013

CONTENTS

II. Optimization process

CONTENTS

II. Optimization process

1. Single site verification

2. RF optimization

3. Dropped call classification

4. Blocked call classification

4
 06/11/2013

Optimization process

1. Single site verification

Single site verification

Definition
Check of all site devices to ensure that the basic functions of
cells at each site in the areas are proper:

• Call check in connection mode (AMR/VP/PS)

• Coverage check (CPICH RSCP & CPICH Ec/Io)
• Site installation check (Ensure that the feeder is connected
properly)
• ……

To ensure there are no faults

related to site installation or parameters setting

10

5
 06/11/2013

Optimization process

1. Single site verification

Single site verification

Definition
Check of all site devices to ensure that the basic functions of
cells at each site in the areas are proper:

• Call check in connection mode (AMR/VP/PS)

• Coverage check (CPICH RSCP & CPICH Ec/Io)
• Site installation check (Ensure that the feeder is connected
properly)
• ……

To ensure there are no faults

related to site installation or parameters setting

10

5
 06/11/2013

Single site verification

Site Location Route

Test scope
Selection Selection Selection

- Scrambling code checkSelect a certain proportion

The test is performed inTest points in sectors of
- Frequency
Test check of sites (10%-15%) the test location where the same site should be on
- Coverage
Point 3check Sectorto 3be checked after signals of target cell arethe test route
(CPICH RSCP , CPICH Ec/I0)
effective communication
strong CPICH RSCP , and
- Basic functions of access
with the operator. signals of other cells are
and call weak Ensure proper
- Antenna diversity test services
Sector 1 Sector 2
Test
Point 1
Test
Point 2
Drive test route
11

Single site verification

SSV Trouble shooting

Basic verification :

To check basic parameters:

• LAC,
• CI,
• BCCH,
• BSIC,
• MA

To check downlink coverage

12

6
 06/11/2013

Single site verification

Site Location Route

Test scope
Selection Selection Selection

- Scrambling code checkSelect a certain proportion

The test is performed inTest points in sectors of
- Frequency
Test check of sites (10%-15%) the test location where the same site should be on
- Coverage
Point 3check Sectorto 3be checked after signals of target cell arethe test route
(CPICH RSCP , CPICH Ec/I0)
effective communication
strong CPICH RSCP , and
- Basic functions of access
with the operator. signals of other cells are
and call weak Ensure proper
- Antenna diversity test services
Sector 1 Sector 2
Test
Point 1
Test
Point 2
Drive test route
11

Single site verification

SSV Trouble shooting

Basic verification :

To check basic parameters:

• LAC,
• CI,
• BCCH,
• BSIC,
• MA

To check downlink coverage

12

6
 06/11/2013

Optimization process

2. RF optimization

13

RF optimization

Objectives

To optimize coverage while in the same time keeping

interference and pilot pollution under control over the
target area

This phase include optimization and verification of

neighbor lists

14

7
 06/11/2013

Optimization process

2. RF optimization

13

RF optimization

Objectives

To optimize coverage while in the same time keeping

interference and pilot pollution under control over the
target area

This phase include optimization and verification of

neighbor lists

14

7
 06/11/2013

RF optimization

RF Optimization process
Start

Test preparation:

•Objectives (KPI)
•Divide clusters
•Determine the test route
•Arrange for documents and tools

Parameter ajustment
Data collection :
•Ajust engineering parameters
•Perform Drive test •Ajustement neighboring cell
•Perform test indoor parameters
•Collect RNC configuration data

Analyse des problèmes

RF KPIs meet the •Coverage analysis
requirements ?
N •Pilot pollution analysis
•Handover analysis
Y •Access problem analysis
•Call rejected analysis
End

15

RF optimization

Divide clusters
• Objective: to Consider the characteristics of the UMTS
system

Carried out for groups

or clusters of sites rather
than on single site basics

16

8
 06/11/2013

RF optimization

RF Optimization process
Start

Test preparation:

•Objectives (KPI)
•Divide clusters
•Determine the test route
•Arrange for documents and tools

Parameter ajustment
Data collection :
•Ajust engineering parameters
•Perform Drive test •Ajustement neighboring cell
•Perform test indoor parameters
•Collect RNC configuration data

Analyse des problèmes

RF KPIs meet the •Coverage analysis
requirements ?
N •Pilot pollution analysis
•Handover analysis
Y •Access problem analysis
•Call rejected analysis
End

15

RF optimization

Divide clusters
• Objective: to Consider the characteristics of the UMTS
system

Carried out for groups

or clusters of sites rather
than on single site basics

16

8
 06/11/2013

RF optimization

Determinate the test route

• Objective: determine the test route with the customer.

the test route should include the coverage areas of each cell and
main streets, important locations
17

RF optimization

Arrange for test tools

18

9
 06/11/2013

RF optimization

Determinate the test route

• Objective: determine the test route with the customer.

the test route should include the coverage areas of each cell and
main streets, important locations
17

RF optimization

Arrange for test tools

18

9
 06/11/2013

RF optimization

No. Name Function

1 TEMS Drive test
2 ACCUVER Drive test
Map display and route
4 Mapinfo
data making

No. Document
No. Equipment
1 Engineering parameter table
1 Frequency scanner
2 Map
2 Test terminal and data cable
3 KPI requirements
3 Portable PC
Network configuration
4 Vehicle 4
parameters
5 GPS 7 Plan of floors to be tested

19

RF optimization

Network requirements

Item Requirements
CPICH RSCP Target ≥ -85 dBm
Minimum -95 dBm
CPICH Ec/Io Target ≥ -8 dB
Minimum -14 dB
Active set size Target ≤3
Pilot pollution Max < 10%
Threshold 8 dB
UE Tx power Max < 15 dBm
SHO success rate Target > 95%

20

10
 06/11/2013

RF optimization

No. Name Function

1 TEMS Drive test
2 ACCUVER Drive test
Map display and route
4 Mapinfo
data making

No. Document
No. Equipment
1 Engineering parameter table
1 Frequency scanner
2 Map
2 Test terminal and data cable
3 KPI requirements
3 Portable PC
Network configuration
4 Vehicle 4
parameters
5 GPS 7 Plan of floors to be tested

19

RF optimization

Network requirements

Item Requirements
CPICH RSCP Target ≥ -85 dBm
Minimum -95 dBm
CPICH Ec/Io Target ≥ -8 dB
Minimum -14 dB
Active set size Target ≤3
Pilot pollution Max < 10%
Threshold 8 dB
UE Tx power Max < 15 dBm
SHO success rate Target > 95%

20

10
 06/11/2013

Optimization process

3. Dropped call classification

21

Dropped call classification

Dropped call classification

RF related issues :

1. Poor coverage (RSCP, Ec/I0)

2. High interference and hence poor EC/I0
3. Poor uplink coverage Insufficient UE Tx
power
4. Poor dominance Best cell changes too
frequently resulting in too may SHO events
5. Pilot pollution Too many cells present
6. Missing neighbors
7. Equipment fault

22

11
 06/11/2013

Optimization process

3. Dropped call classification

21

Dropped call classification

Dropped call classification

RF related issues :

1. Poor coverage (RSCP, Ec/I0)

2. High interference and hence poor EC/I0
3. Poor uplink coverage Insufficient UE Tx
power
4. Poor dominance Best cell changes too
frequently resulting in too may SHO events
5. Pilot pollution Too many cells present
6. Missing neighbors
7. Equipment fault

22

11
 06/11/2013

Dropped call classification

Missing neighbors

23

Dropped call classification

Poor coverage

24

12
 06/11/2013

Dropped call classification

Missing neighbors

23

Dropped call classification

Poor coverage

24

12
 06/11/2013

Dropped call classification

Pilot pollution

25

Dropped call classification

Congestion

26

13
 06/11/2013

Dropped call classification

Pilot pollution

25

Dropped call classification

Congestion

26

13
 06/11/2013

Dropped call classification

Equipment fault

27

Optimization process

4. Blocked call classification

28

14
 06/11/2013

Dropped call classification

Equipment fault

27

Optimization process

4. Blocked call classification

28

14
 06/11/2013

Blocked call classification

Blocked call classification

RF related issues :

1. Security & authentication mode failure

2. UE freeze
3. Disconnect on RAB setup
4. Unavailable resources
5. UE sensitivity fault
6. Unanswered RRC requests
7. Barred network

29

Blocked call classification

Security & authentication failure

30

15
 06/11/2013

Blocked call classification

Blocked call classification

RF related issues :

1. Security & authentication mode failure

2. UE freeze
3. Disconnect on RAB setup
4. Unavailable resources
5. UE sensitivity fault
6. Unanswered RRC requests
7. Barred network

29

Blocked call classification

Security & authentication failure

30

15
 06/11/2013

Blocked call classification

UE freeze

31

Blocked call classification

Disconnect on RAB setup

32

16
 06/11/2013

Blocked call classification

UE freeze

31

Blocked call classification

Disconnect on RAB setup

32

16
 06/11/2013

Blocked call classification

Unavailable resources

33

Blocked call classification

UE sensitivity fault

34

17
 06/11/2013

Blocked call classification

Unavailable resources

33

Blocked call classification

UE sensitivity fault

34

17
 06/11/2013

Blocked call classification

Unanswered RRC request

35

Blocked call classification

Barred network

36

18
 06/11/2013

Blocked call classification

Unanswered RRC request

35

Blocked call classification

Barred network

36

18
 06/11/2013

CONTENTS

III. RF analysis approach

37

RF analysis approach

RF Optimization Target

To optimize coverage
To minimize pilot pollution
To optimize cell dominance
To optimize neighbor cell list
To resolve RF-related drop calls

38

19
 06/11/2013

CONTENTS

III. RF analysis approach

37

RF analysis approach

RF Optimization Target

To optimize coverage
To minimize pilot pollution
To optimize cell dominance
To optimize neighbor cell list
To resolve RF-related drop calls

38

19
 06/11/2013

RF analysis approach

Cell dominance analysis :

Cells with no dominance at all

• To indicate the site not radiating Site visit needed

• or to indicate antennas blocking

Cells with excessive or poor dominance
• Due to non-optimum antenna tilts
• or due to a high site
Frequent soft HO
Areas of non-dominance Interference to adjacent cells

• Due to no a single clear dominant cell

39

RF analysis approach

Poor Cell Dominance example

Cells with too large dominance will be causing interference to

adjacent cells resulting in poorer capacity
40

20
 06/11/2013

RF analysis approach

Cell dominance analysis :

Cells with no dominance at all

• To indicate the site not radiating Site visit needed

• or to indicate antennas blocking

Cells with excessive or poor dominance
• Due to non-optimum antenna tilts
• or due to a high site
Frequent soft HO
Areas of non-dominance Interference to adjacent cells

• Due to no a single clear dominant cell

39

RF analysis approach

Poor Cell Dominance example

Cells with too large dominance will be causing interference to

adjacent cells resulting in poorer capacity
40

20
 06/11/2013

RF analysis approach

CPICH coverage analysis:

Problems Solution
Poor coverage cells Adjust antenna azimuth or tilt;
Increase antenna height;
Replace high-gain antenna;
Add new cells;
Over shooting cells Adjust antenna azimuth or tilt;
Decrease antenna height;
Adjust CPICH power
UL & DL coverage imbalance UL or DL coverage limited?
Optimize UL or DL interference

41

RF analysis approach

Poor Coverage example

Cells with too large dominance will be causing interference to

adjacent cells resulting in poorer capacity
42

21
 06/11/2013

RF analysis approach

CPICH coverage analysis:

Problems Solution
Poor coverage cells Adjust antenna azimuth or tilt;
Increase antenna height;
Replace high-gain antenna;
Add new cells;
Over shooting cells Adjust antenna azimuth or tilt;
Decrease antenna height;
Adjust CPICH power
UL & DL coverage imbalance UL or DL coverage limited?
Optimize UL or DL interference

41

RF analysis approach

Poor Coverage example

Cells with too large dominance will be causing interference to

adjacent cells resulting in poorer capacity
42

21
 06/11/2013

RF analysis approach

CPICH Ec/I0 Good : Ec/I0 ≥ -8 dB

Fair : -14 dB ≤ Ec/I0 < -8dB
Poor : Ec/I0 < -14dB

Low Ec/I0 Poor coverage RSCP level Good

(RSCP level Poor) Strong system interference
43

RF analysis approach

44

22
 06/11/2013

RF analysis approach

CPICH Ec/I0 Good : Ec/I0 ≥ -8 dB

Fair : -14 dB ≤ Ec/I0 < -8dB
Poor : Ec/I0 < -14dB

Low Ec/I0 Poor coverage RSCP level Good

(RSCP level Poor) Strong system interference
43

RF analysis approach

44

22
 06/11/2013

RF analysis approach

UPLINK coverage (UE Tx power)

High UE Tx power possible poor uplink coverage

Areas of high Tx power should be compared to the CPICH

pilots to verify if the problem only exists on the uplink

45

RF analysis approach

UPLINK coverage (UE Tx power)

High UE Tx power possible poor uplink coverage

Areas of high Tx power should be compared to the CPICH

pilots to verify if the problem only exists on the uplink

46

23
 06/11/2013

RF analysis approach

UPLINK coverage (UE Tx power)

High UE Tx power possible poor uplink coverage

Areas of high Tx power should be compared to the CPICH

pilots to verify if the problem only exists on the uplink

45

RF analysis approach

UPLINK coverage (UE Tx power)

High UE Tx power possible poor uplink coverage

Areas of high Tx power should be compared to the CPICH

pilots to verify if the problem only exists on the uplink

46

23
 06/11/2013

RF analysis approach

47

RF analysis approach

Pilot Pollution definition

SHO candidates (A)

Pilot pollution will result in:
Active set size (B)
Low signal quality
If A>B, pilot pollution exists Decreased system capacity
Call drops easier

Ways to optimize:
Antenna adjustment (e.g.
azimuth or down tilt)
Pilot power optimization

48

24
 06/11/2013

RF analysis approach

47

RF analysis approach

Pilot Pollution definition

SHO candidates (A)

Pilot pollution will result in:
Active set size (B)
Low signal quality
If A>B, pilot pollution exists Decreased system capacity
Call drops easier

Ways to optimize:
Antenna adjustment (e.g.
azimuth or down tilt)
Pilot power optimization

48

24
 06/11/2013

RF analysis approach

Pilot Pollution example

49

RF analysis approach

Cells frequently seen

as pollute should be market
and investigated

50

25
 06/11/2013

RF analysis approach

Pilot Pollution example

49

RF analysis approach

Cells frequently seen

as pollute should be market
and investigated

50

25
 06/11/2013

RF analysis approach

Neighbor list classification:

Intra-freq. neighbor cell list

Inter-freq. neighbor cell list
Inter-RAT neighbor cell list

Data collection: drive test How to optimize neighbor cell List?

Data comparison: scanner, UE (1)Compare coverage difference
Scanner and UE
(2) Add missing neighbor cells
(3) Remove useless neighbor cells

51

RF analysis approach

Neighbor list verification

o Add missing neighbors

o Remove These neighbors that were not

measured but are in the Neighbor list

o Retain this indicates that this neighbors

have been confirmed from the drive
survey data

52

26
 06/11/2013

RF analysis approach

Neighbor list classification:

Intra-freq. neighbor cell list

Inter-freq. neighbor cell list
Inter-RAT neighbor cell list

Data collection: drive test How to optimize neighbor cell List?

Data comparison: scanner, UE (1)Compare coverage difference
Scanner and UE
(2) Add missing neighbor cells
(3) Remove useless neighbor cells

51

RF analysis approach

Neighbor list verification

o Add missing neighbors

o Remove These neighbors that were not

measured but are in the Neighbor list

o Retain this indicates that this neighbors

have been confirmed from the drive
survey data

52

26
 06/11/2013

RF analysis approach

Example of missing neighbor (China Mobile, Dongguan City)

53

RF analysis approach

Example of neighbor missing (Ec

(Ec/Io)
/Io)

54

27
 06/11/2013

RF analysis approach

Example of missing neighbor (China Mobile, Dongguan City)

53

RF analysis approach

Example of neighbor missing (Ec

(Ec/Io)
/Io)

54

27
 06/11/2013

RF analysis approach

Example of neighbor missing (RSCP)

55

RF analysis approach

Example of neighbor missing

56

28
 06/11/2013

RF analysis approach

Example of neighbor missing (RSCP)

55

RF analysis approach

Example of neighbor missing

56

28
 06/11/2013

RF analysis approach

Example of neighbor missing

57

CONTENTS

IV. Offload techniques

58

29
 06/11/2013

RF analysis approach

Example of neighbor missing

57

CONTENTS

IV. Offload techniques

58

29
 06/11/2013

Offload techniques

Enhancing networks capacities

• Improvements in spectral efficiency per link is approaching theoretical limits
with 3G and LTE

Future technologies consider improvements on the spectral efficiency per unit

area.

Low power nodes: micro, pico, remote

radio head (RRH), relay and femto nodes

59

Offload techniques

WiFi standards

• IEEE 802.11
– RF frequency band: 900MHz and 2.4GHz
– Non-overlapping channels: 3
– Ratified in 1997
– Data Rates: 1 and 2Mbps
• 802.11b
– RF frequency band: 2.4GHz
– Non-overlapping channels: 3
– Ratified in 1999
– Data Rates: 1, 2, 5.5, 11Mbps
• 802.11g – Backward Compatible to 802.11b
– RF frequency band: 2.4GHz
– Non-overlapping channels: 3
– Ratified in 2001
– Data Rates: 1, 2, 5.5, 11, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48,
54Mbps
• 802.11a – No Backward Compatibility
– RF frequency band: 5GHz
– Non-overlapping channels: 23
– Ratified in 1999
– Data Rates: 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 54Mbps

60

30
 06/11/2013

Offload techniques

Enhancing networks capacities

• Improvements in spectral efficiency per link is approaching theoretical limits
with 3G and LTE

Future technologies consider improvements on the spectral efficiency per unit

area.

Low power nodes: micro, pico, remote

radio head (RRH), relay and femto nodes

59

Offload techniques

WiFi standards

• IEEE 802.11
– RF frequency band: 900MHz and 2.4GHz
– Non-overlapping channels: 3
– Ratified in 1997
– Data Rates: 1 and 2Mbps
• 802.11b
– RF frequency band: 2.4GHz
– Non-overlapping channels: 3
– Ratified in 1999
– Data Rates: 1, 2, 5.5, 11Mbps
• 802.11g – Backward Compatible to 802.11b
– RF frequency band: 2.4GHz
– Non-overlapping channels: 3
– Ratified in 2001
– Data Rates: 1, 2, 5.5, 11, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48,
54Mbps
• 802.11a – No Backward Compatibility
– RF frequency band: 5GHz
– Non-overlapping channels: 23
– Ratified in 1999
– Data Rates: 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 54Mbps

60

30
 06/11/2013

Offload techniques

WiFi offload benefits

Reduce costs by alleviating the traffic load on the 3G and 4G networks

Maintain a transparent and cohesive data experience for subscribers
Gain a competitive edge by implementing intelligent offload policies quickly
Manage network congestion effectively

Most viable solution at moment

• Building WiFi hot spots is significantly cheaper.
• Can piggy back off a user’s own WiFi AP.
• Already a wide-spread deployment of WiFi APs.
• Addresses the “Time-to-Capacity” issue for
current needs of additional WiFi.

61

Offload techniques

WiFi offload advantages

Wifi as an offload technology, provides three benefits to cellular operator

o Cost effectiveness
o Wide availability
o Widely used effectively

Example of operators

Operator Data Traffic offloaded to Wifi Hotspots

AT&T 20% 24000

PCCW-HongKong 20% 9000
TMobile 13% 8900

62

31
 06/11/2013

Offload techniques

WiFi offload benefits

Reduce costs by alleviating the traffic load on the 3G and 4G networks

Maintain a transparent and cohesive data experience for subscribers
Gain a competitive edge by implementing intelligent offload policies quickly
Manage network congestion effectively

Most viable solution at moment

• Building WiFi hot spots is significantly cheaper.
• Can piggy back off a user’s own WiFi AP.
• Already a wide-spread deployment of WiFi APs.
• Addresses the “Time-to-Capacity” issue for
current needs of additional WiFi.

61

Offload techniques

WiFi offload advantages

Wifi as an offload technology, provides three benefits to cellular operator

o Cost effectiveness
o Wide availability
o Widely used effectively

Example of operators

Operator Data Traffic offloaded to Wifi Hotspots

AT&T 20% 24000

PCCW-HongKong 20% 9000
TMobile 13% 8900

62

31
 06/11/2013

Offload techniques

Offload of traffic: hotspots deployments scenarios

Classical hotspots
• Using a fixed network interconnected to the cellular core
network (high layer interconnection)
• Sometimes (not always) deployed with a controller
Hotspots deployed within LTE small cells
• WIFI directly connected to the cellular core network (low
layer interconnection)
• Home private APs used as hotspots
• Private SSID for home users and public SSID for cellular
offload

63

Offload techniques

Offload of traffic: hotspots types

Hotspot
Multi-radio
Smart-Phone
Home

Integrated
Femto-AP

Integrated
Pico-cell

Enterprise
Laptop w/
Mobile Hotspot
WiFi & WiMAX

Multi-radio
Integrated Device
Femto-AP

Heterogeneous Networks Deployment Scenarios

64

32
 06/11/2013

Offload techniques

Offload of traffic: hotspots deployments scenarios

Classical hotspots
• Using a fixed network interconnected to the cellular core
network (high layer interconnection)
• Sometimes (not always) deployed with a controller
Hotspots deployed within LTE small cells
• WIFI directly connected to the cellular core network (low
layer interconnection)
• Home private APs used as hotspots
• Private SSID for home users and public SSID for cellular
offload

63

Offload techniques

Offload of traffic: hotspots types

Hotspot
Multi-radio
Smart-Phone
Home

Integrated
Femto-AP

Integrated
Pico-cell

Enterprise
Laptop w/
Mobile Hotspot
WiFi & WiMAX

Multi-radio
Integrated Device
Femto-AP

Heterogeneous Networks Deployment Scenarios

64

32
 06/11/2013

Offload techniques

Types of offload of traffic

• On-The-Spot
• Uses spontaneous connectivity to WiFi and transfer data on the spot.
• When a user leaves WiFi coverage, offloading ends and unfinished transfers
through cellular networks.
• Smart phones already give priority to WiFi than cellular interface.
• Delayed
• Each data transfer is given a “deadline” when it must be sent out.
• Sends the data piece by piece as a user enters and exits different WiFi
areas.
• If data is not sent out before deadline, it is finished using the cellular
networks.

65

Offload techniques

Challenges in using WiFi for mobile data offload

• Subscriber seamless service experience - Identifying / detecting secured

WLAN & Authenticating the session over WLAN using SIM credentials
• Integration with operator's existing mobile core
• Regulatory compliance - Validating subscriber credentials and reducing cyber
crime
• Multiple WiFi networks on subscriber device
• Roaming & Partner settlement - Subscriber should have seamless connectivity
across all regions
• Carrier grade scalability

66

33
 06/11/2013

Offload techniques

Types of offload of traffic

• On-The-Spot
• Uses spontaneous connectivity to WiFi and transfer data on the spot.
• When a user leaves WiFi coverage, offloading ends and unfinished transfers
through cellular networks.
• Smart phones already give priority to WiFi than cellular interface.
• Delayed
• Each data transfer is given a “deadline” when it must be sent out.
• Sends the data piece by piece as a user enters and exits different WiFi
areas.
• If data is not sent out before deadline, it is finished using the cellular
networks.

65

Offload techniques

Challenges in using WiFi for mobile data offload

• Subscriber seamless service experience - Identifying / detecting secured

WLAN & Authenticating the session over WLAN using SIM credentials
• Integration with operator's existing mobile core
• Regulatory compliance - Validating subscriber credentials and reducing cyber
crime
• Multiple WiFi networks on subscriber device
• Roaming & Partner settlement - Subscriber should have seamless connectivity
across all regions
• Carrier grade scalability

66

33
 06/11/2013

Offload techniques

Different hotspot deployment scenarios

• Classical hotspots
• using a fixed network interconnected to the cellular core
network (high layer interconnection) 3GPP
gateway
• stand-alone APs
WIFI controller
• cluster APs with a controller
Light AP

Proprietary coordination
through WIFI controller

No coordination with other APs

67

Offload techniques

• Hotspots deployed within LTE small cells (candidate for LTE-A rel12)
• Better integration of WIFI in the RAN
• Eventually, WIFI directly connected to the cellular core network (low
layer interconnection controlled by LTE)

Macro-cell

3G/4G Small cell

WIFI

68

34
 06/11/2013

Offload techniques

Different hotspot deployment scenarios

• Classical hotspots
• using a fixed network interconnected to the cellular core
network (high layer interconnection) 3GPP
gateway
• stand-alone APs
WIFI controller
• cluster APs with a controller
Light AP

Proprietary coordination
through WIFI controller

No coordination with other APs

67

Offload techniques

• Hotspots deployed within LTE small cells (candidate for LTE-A rel12)
• Better integration of WIFI in the RAN
• Eventually, WIFI directly connected to the cellular core network (low
layer interconnection controlled by LTE)

Macro-cell

3G/4G Small cell

WIFI

68

34
 06/11/2013

Offload techniques

• Home private APs used as hotspots

• Private SSID for home users and public SSID for cellular
offload

Home APs used as Hotspots

Private Public
3GPP
gateway
WIFI gateway/controler

Coffee shop with many public APs available at the cell edge

69

OFFLOAD TECHNIQUES

Offload example

70

35
 06/11/2013

Offload techniques

• Home private APs used as hotspots

• Private SSID for home users and public SSID for cellular
offload

Home APs used as Hotspots

Private Public
3GPP
gateway
WIFI gateway/controler

Coffee shop with many public APs available at the cell edge

69

OFFLOAD TECHNIQUES

Offload example

70

35
 06/11/2013

Offload techniques

Results of WiFi traffic offloading

The in-home Wi-Fi offload reduces the total 2016 traffic by 31 percent while small-cell
public Wi-Fi reduces HSPA/LTE traffic by another 37 percent to 32 percent of the total
traffic over all Wi-Fi and 3GPP access links. With Wi-Fi offload, the growth from 2011 to
2016 is by a factor of 24 times.
71

Offload techniques

Examples of networks
City of Taipei
World’s Largest Municipal WiFi Network
• Investment Drivers:
o Support Tawain’s “Mobile City” Vision

o Support Taipei’s large population with innovative new

broadband technologies

• Solution:
o Wireless Mesh Network Solution

o Aptilo Subscriber Management Solution

o Full System Integration

• Results:
o High-speed wireless services in MRT stations, selected
commercial buildings and other key locations across the city

o Innovative applications such as “E-Bus”, and “M-Medicine”

o Support for 272 sq Km, 2.65M people, 5000 + APs

72

36
 06/11/2013

Offload techniques

Results of WiFi traffic offloading

The in-home Wi-Fi offload reduces the total 2016 traffic by 31 percent while small-cell
public Wi-Fi reduces HSPA/LTE traffic by another 37 percent to 32 percent of the total
traffic over all Wi-Fi and 3GPP access links. With Wi-Fi offload, the growth from 2011 to
2016 is by a factor of 24 times.
71

Offload techniques

Examples of networks
City of Taipei
World’s Largest Municipal WiFi Network
• Investment Drivers:
o Support Tawain’s “Mobile City” Vision

o Support Taipei’s large population with innovative new

broadband technologies

• Solution:
o Wireless Mesh Network Solution

o Aptilo Subscriber Management Solution

o Full System Integration

• Results:
o High-speed wireless services in MRT stations, selected
commercial buildings and other key locations across the city

o Innovative applications such as “E-Bus”, and “M-Medicine”

o Support for 272 sq Km, 2.65M people, 5000 + APs

72

36
 06/11/2013

Offload techniques

Marshalltown Iowa
Kick-Starting Economic Development
• Investment Drivers:

o Differentiate community, attract new business investment, retain current

businesses and residents.

o Ubiquitous mobility services to city departments, business and residents

• Solution: Wireless Mesh Network Solution

• Results:

o First Wi-Fi city network in the State of Iowa

o Lower capital outlay than large-scale fiber

o Citizens, city workers, businesses and visitors gain seamless access and
roaming

o Ready for public safety applications, eg. for emergency response workers
and video surveillance purposes, local hospital applications

73

Offload techniques

Golden Telecom – Moscow

Europe’s Largest Wireless Mesh Network

• Investment Drivers:
o Expansion of its broadband access network through
Wi-Fi capabilities in 2006
o Indoor and outdoor coverage to extend to 3.9M
residents
• Solution:
o Wireless Mesh Networking
o Full Turnkey Services
• Results:
o VOIP/Internet Access via Aport Search engine, location
services
o 5,000 + APs phased in approach
o Trials commenced 2Q06

74

37
 06/11/2013

Offload techniques

Marshalltown Iowa
Kick-Starting Economic Development
• Investment Drivers:

o Differentiate community, attract new business investment, retain current

businesses and residents.

o Ubiquitous mobility services to city departments, business and residents

• Solution: Wireless Mesh Network Solution

• Results:

o First Wi-Fi city network in the State of Iowa

o Lower capital outlay than large-scale fiber

o Citizens, city workers, businesses and visitors gain seamless access and
roaming

o Ready for public safety applications, eg. for emergency response workers
and video surveillance purposes, local hospital applications

73

Offload techniques

Golden Telecom – Moscow

Europe’s Largest Wireless Mesh Network

• Investment Drivers:
o Expansion of its broadband access network through
Wi-Fi capabilities in 2006
o Indoor and outdoor coverage to extend to 3.9M
residents
• Solution:
o Wireless Mesh Networking
o Full Turnkey Services
• Results:
o VOIP/Internet Access via Aport Search engine, location
services
o 5,000 + APs phased in approach
o Trials commenced 2Q06

74

37
 06/11/2013

Offload techniques

Location Photos
75

Conclusions: Operators’
Operators’ view

Results of a survey of 58 mobile operators: Consensus view among carriers, of which

network change will have most impact, and the new challenges it will involve for
planning/management.
76

38
 06/11/2013

Offload techniques

Location Photos
75

Conclusions: Operators’
Operators’ view

Results of a survey of 58 mobile operators: Consensus view among carriers, of which

network change will have most impact, and the new challenges it will involve for
planning/management.
76

38
 06/11/2013

CONTENTS

V. Summary

77

Summary

Summary

RF optimization focuses on improving the distribution of

network signals to provide a good radio environment for
subsequent optimization of service parameters

The coverage, pilot pollution, and handover problems are

mainly analyzed in RF optimization

Based on the analysis of the three problems, you can solve

related handover, call drop, access, and interference problems

78

39
 06/11/2013

CONTENTS

V. Summary

77

Summary

Summary

RF optimization focuses on improving the distribution of

network signals to provide a good radio environment for
subsequent optimization of service parameters

The coverage, pilot pollution, and handover problems are

mainly analyzed in RF optimization

Based on the analysis of the three problems, you can solve

related handover, call drop, access, and interference problems

78

39
 06/11/2013

Thank you

79

40