SQL Cheatsheet

Basic Queries & Operators JOINs Order, Group, Aggregate

SELECT c1, c2 FROM t; SELECT c1, c2 SELECT c1, c2 FROM t

Query data in columns c1, c2 from a table. FROM t1 ORDER BY c1 [ASC][DESC];
INNER JOIN t2 ON condition; Sort the results in ascending or descending order.
SELECT * FROM t;
Inner join t1 and t2
Query all rows and columns from a table SELECT c1, aggregate(c2)
FROM t
SELECT c1, c2 FROM t SELECT c1, c2 GROUP BY c1;
WHERE condition; FROM t1 Group rows using an aggregate function.
Query data and filter rows using a boolean condition: =, <, LEFT JOIN t2 ON condition;
<=, >, >=, <>. Left join t1 and t2 SELECT c1, aggregate(c2)
FROM t
SELECT c1, c2 FROM t1
GROUP BY c1;
WHERE c1[NOT] LIKE pattern; SELECT c1, c2
HAVING condition;
Query rows using pattern matching.  Use with % or _  FROM t1
Filter groups using HAVING operator. 
RIGHT JOIN t2 ON condition;
SELECT c1, c2 FROM t
Right join t1 and t2
WHERE c1 [NOT] IN value_list;
AGGREGATE FUNCTIONS
Filter rows with values equals to those in the value_list.
SELECT c1, c2 AVG returns the average of a list
SELECT c1, c2 FROM t FROM t1 COUNT returns the number of elements of a list
WHERE c1 BETWEEN limit1 AND limit2; FULL OUTER JOIN t2 ON condition; SUM returns the total of a list
Filter rows with values between the two limits. Full outer join t1 and t2 MAX returns the maximum value in a list
SELECT c1, c2 FROM t MIN returns the minimum value in a list
SELECT c1, c2
WHERE c1 IS [NOT] NULL;
FROM t1
Filter NULL values.
CROSS JOIN t2;
SELECT DISTINCT c1 FROM t Cross join t1 and t2. Results also called: Cartesian Product.
WHERE condition;
Returns distinct rows from a table
SELECT c1, c2
SELECT c1, c2 FROM t FROM t1 A
LIMIT n; INNER JOIN t1 B ON condition;
Returns the first n rows. Join t1 to itself using INNER JOIN. Also called: SELF JOIN.
 SQL Cheatsheet
DML - Data Manipulation
DDL - Data Definition Language Constraints, Views, Triggers
Language
CREATE TABLE t ( INSERT INTO t(column_list) CONSTRAINTS DEFINITION
    id INT PRIMARY KEY, VALUES (value_list);
CREATE TABLE t1(
    c1 VARCHAR NOT NULL, Insert one record into a table.
      c1 INT PRIMARY KEY, -- primary key constraint
    c2 INT 
      c2 INT NOT NULL, -- NOT NULL constraint
); INSERT INTO t1(column_list)
      FOREIGN KEY (c2) REFERENCES t2(c2), -- Foreign Key
Createa new table with three columns SELECT column_list
      c3 INT,
FROM t2;
      UNIQUE(c3), -- UNIQUE constraint
DROP TABLE t ; Insert rows from table t2 into table t1. Columns types much
      CHECK (c3> 0 AND c3 >= c2) -- CHECK constraint
Delete table from the database match. 
);
ALTER TABLE t ADD column; UPDATE t
VIEWS 
Add a new column to the table SET c1= new_value,
       c2 = new_value CREATE [TEMPORARY] VIEW v(c1,c2)
ALTER TABLE t1 RENAME c1 TO c2;        /*c3, c4, ... */; AS
Rename column c1 to c2 Update values in the column c1 and c2 for all rows. SELECT c1, c2
FROM t;
ALTER TABLE t DROP COLUMN c ; UPDATE t Create a new view that consists of two columns from table t.
Remove column c from the table SET c1 = new_value,
DROP VIEW v;
       c2 = new_value
Delete the view
ALTER TABLE t RENAME TO tt ; WHERE condition;
Rename a table from t to tt Update values in the column c1, c2 that match the condition
TRIGGERS
TRUNCATE TABLE t; DELETE FROM t; CREATE [OR ALTER] TRIGGER trigger_name
Remove all data in a table Delete all data in a table BEFORE [OR AFTER] EVENT
ON table_name FOR EACH ROW [OR STATEMENT]
DELETE FROM t EXECUTE stored_procedure;
WHERE condition; Create or modify a trigger.
Delete rows that match the condition. EVENT values: INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE

DROP TRIGGER tr;

Delete a specific tr.