PHYSICS & MATHS TRADE SYLLABUS FOR RAILWAY ALP

2ND STAGE EXAM (PART-2)

PHYSICS
Centre of gravity:-
Centre of gravity concept and C.G. of the different lamina. Equilibrium different kinds of stable, unstable
and neutral. Law of parallelogram force , Triangle law, Lami’s theorem stable, Definition of specific
gravity, density and relative density , Calculation of density of a body.
Friction:-
Laws of friction, coefficient of friction, angle of friction, simple problems related to friction. Lubrication
Concept on terms like pressure, atmospheric pressure, gauge pressure. Heat treatment necessity
difference methods.
Pressure:-
Pneumatic pressure, PSI, bar, atmospheric pressure, pressure gauge and absolute pressure, Heat
treatment process. Power transmission by shaft, belts and ropes. Gauge pressure – gauges used for
measuring pressure
Magnetism:-
Magnetic material, magnetic field, flux density, magnetic moment, m.m.f. Reluctance, permeability,
susceptibility, electromagnet, solenoid and its practical applications. Magnetism - Classification of
magnets, methods of magnetising, magnetic materials. Properties, care and maintenance. Para and
Diamagnetism and Ferro magnetic materials. The principle of electromagnetism, Maxwell’s corkscrew
rule, Fleming’s left and right hand rules, Magnetic field of current carrying conductors, loop and
solenoid. MMF, Flux density, reluctance. B.H. curve, Hysteresis, Eddy current. Principle of
electromagnetic Induction, Faraday’s Law, Lenz’s Law. Electrostatics: Capacitor- Different types,
functions and uses. Permanent Magnets and Electromagnets
Material:-
Introduction, types and properties. Uses of Conducting, Semi-conducting and insulating materials
Elasticity:-
Stress, strain, Modulus of elasticity, elastic limit, Hooks law, young’s modulus. Elastic & Plastic material.
Stress & strain and their units. Young’s modules. Ultimate stress and breaking stress.
Material Science:-
Definition, properties (physical & mechanical) and uses of Metal, Non-metal, Alloy & Insulator.
Introduction, types and properties. Uses of Conducting, Semiconducting and insulating materials. Types
of ferrous and Nonferrous metals. Difference between Ferrous and Non-Ferrous metals.
Mass, Weight and Density:-
Mass, Unit of Mass, Weight, the difference between mass and weight. Density, unit of density. The
relation between mass, weight & density. Simple problems related to mass, weight, and density.
Definition of speed, velocity & acceleration and their units. Difference between speed & velocity. Simple
problems.
Heat & Temperature:-
Heat and temperature, their units, the difference between heat and temperature, boiling point, melting
point, Scale of temperature, the relation between the different scale of temperature. Thermometer,

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pyrometer. Transmission of heat, conduction, convection, radiation. Latent heat, sensible heat,
saturated steam, wet steam, superheated steam. Reynolds’s number, calculation of Reynolds’s number
at different velocities,
Basic Electricity:-
Introduction and use of Electricity. AC, DC & their comparisons. Current, Voltage, Resistance & their
units. Power, Energy & their units. Insulator and conductors & their uses.
Corrosion:-
What is corrosion? Difference between corrosion and rancidity. Precaution to avoid corrosion.
Electroplating process
Circular Motion:-
The relation between circular motion and Linear motion, Centrifugal force, Centripetal force
Simple machines:-
Pulley block, inclined plane, simple wheel and axle, differential wheel and axle, simple screw jack, 10.
Stress-Strain graph. Modulus of Rigidity. Poisson’s Ratio, Bulk modulus, Related problems.
Motion & Force:-
Newton's laws of motion, unit of force, find out resultant force, space and vector diagram,
representation of force, parallel force, couple, parallelogram law of forces, condition of equilibrium,
kind of equilibrium, some examples of equilibrium in daily , Introduction, Different types of stresses,
Hooke's law, Young's modulus or modulus of elasticity, yield point, factor of safety, stress-strain graph,
Modulus of rigidity, Poisson's ratio, Calculation (i.e. stress, strain, young modulus, factor of safety)y life,
Lami's theorem. Resolution and composition of forces. Representation of force by vectors, simple
problems on lifting tackles like jib wall, crane-Solution of problems with the aid of vectors.The general
condition of equilibriums for series of forces on a body.
Electric charges and fields:-
Introduction, Electric Charges ,Conductors and Insulators ,Charging by Induction , Basic Properties of
Electric Charge ,Coulomb’s Law , Forces between Multiple Charges , Electric Field ,Electric Field Lines,
Electric Flux , Electric Dipole ,Dipole in a Uniform External Field , Continuous Charge Distribution ,
Gauss’s Law , Application of Gauss’s Law
Alternating Current:-
Comparison and Advantages, D.C and A.C. Related terms, frequency, Instantaneous value, R.M.S. value
Average value, Peak factor, form factor. Generation of a sine wave, phase and phase difference.
Inductive and Capacitive reactance Impedance (Z), power factor (p.f). Active and Reactive power,
Simple problems on A.C. circuits, single Phase and three-phase system etc. Problems on A.C. circuits.
Power consumption in series and parallel, P.F. etc. Concept three-phase Star and Delta connection. Line
and phase voltage, current and power in a 3 phase circuits with the balanced and unbalanced load. AC
Voltage Applied to a Resistor Transformers LC Oscillations AC Voltage Applied to an Inductor, AC
Voltage Applied to a Capacitor Power in AC Circuit: The Power Factor AC Voltage Applied to a Series
LCR Circuit Representation of AC Current and Voltage by Rotating Vectors — Phasors
Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance :-
Electrostatic Potential Potential due to a Point Charge Potential due to an Electric Dipole Potential due
to a System of Charges Equipotential Surfaces Potential Energy of a System of Charges Potential Energy
in an External Field Electrostatics of Conductors Dielectrics and Polarisation Capacitors and
Capacitance The Parallel Plate Capacitor ,Effect of Dielectric on Capacitance Combination of Capacitors
Energy Stored in a Capacitor Van de Graaff Generator
Current Electricity:-
Introduction Electric Current Electric Currents in Conductors Ohm’s law Drift of Electrons and the
Origin of Resistivity Limitations of Ohm’s Law Resistivity of various Materials Temperature Dependence
of Resistivity Electrical Energy, Power Combination of Resistors — Series and Parallel Cells, emf,

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Internal Resistance Cells in Series and in Parallel Kirchhoff’s Laws Wheatstone Brgnetiidge Meter
Bridge Potentiometer
Moving Charges and Magnetism:-
Magnetic Force Motion in a Magnetic Field Motion in Combined Electric and Magnetic Fields Magnetic
Field due to a Current Element, Biot-Savart Law Magnetic Field on the Axis of a Circular Current Loop
Ampere’s Circuital Law The Solenoid and the Toroid Force between Two Parallel Currents, the Ampere
Torque on Current Loop, Magnetic Dipole The Moving Coil Galvanometer

Mathematics
Simplification:-
BODMAS rule Fraction-Addition, Subtraction, multiplication and Division-Problem solving, Decimal-
Addition. Simple calculation using Scientific Calculator. Fraction, Decimal fraction, LCM, HCF,
multiplication and division of fraction. Conversion of decimals into fraction and vice versa. Square and
square root, method of finding out square roots. Simple problem using calculation
Ratio & Proportion:-
Simple calculations & related problems solving. , question on alligation and mixture , questions on ages
Percentage:
Introduction, Simple calculation. Changing percentage to fraction and decimal & vice-versa.
Basic Algebra:
Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Division, Algebraic formula, Linear equations(with two variables).
Mensuration :
Formulae for Perimeter and Area of Plane figure - Rectangle, Square, Parallelogram, Triangle, Hexagon,
any regular polygon, Trapezium, Circle, sector, Fillet, Ellipse, segment of a circle , Volume of solids –
cube, cuboid, cylinder and Sphere. Surface area of solids – cube, cuboid, cylinder and Sphere. Area of
cut-out regular surfaces: circle and segment and sector of circle. Area of irregular surfaces. Formulae for
Volume and surface area of solids- Rectangular solid, Prism, cylinder, pyramids and cones, Frustum of
pyramid and cones, sphere, Hollow sphere, segment of sphere, circular ring, spherical sector,
Calculation of volume and weight of simple solid bodies such as cubes, square and hexagonal prism-
shop problem.
Indices:
Laws of indices related problems.
Profit & Loss.

Simple and compound interest.

Trigonometry:-
Finding the value of unknown sides and angles of a triangle by the Trigonometrical method. Finding
height and distance by trigonometry. Application of trigonometry in shop problems. (viz. taper angle
calculation).Using sines, cosines and tangents to solve vehicle problems.
Graph:-
Read images, graphs, diagrams , bar chart, pie chart , Graphs: abscissa and ordinates, graphs of straight
line, related to two sets of varying quantities.
Simple problem on Statistics:
Frequency distribution table , Calculation of Mean value , Examples on mass scale productions ,
Cumulative frequency ,Arithmetic mean
Factorisation and quadratics:-
multiply expressions in brackets by a number, symbol or by another expression in a bracket; by
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extraction of a common factor eg ax + ay, a(x + 2) + b(x + 2) ; by grouping eg ax - ay + bx - by ; quadratic
expressions eg a2+ 2ab +b2 , roots of an equation eg quadratic equations with real roots by
factorisation, and by the use of formula
Geometry:-
division of line segment, parallel lines, similar angles, perpendicular lines, Use of scientific
calculator,/logarithmic table Angles -Angular measurement, Angles and rotation, Examples of angles in
automotive work, Adding and subtracting angles. Types of angle- Adjacent angles, Opposite angles,
Corresponding angles, Alternate angle , Supplementary angles, Complementary angles, Trigonometry-
Types of triangle - Acute angled triangle, Obtuse angled triangle, Equilateral triangle, Isosceles triangle,
Scalene triangle, Right angled triangle,Labelling sides and angles of a triangle, Sum of the three angles of
a triangle. Pythagoras’ theorem, Circles, Ratio of diameter and circumference, Length of arc, Timing
marks, Wheel revolutions and distance travelled, Valve opening area.
Statistics:–
Collecting and sorting raw data, Definition of Discrete variable, continuous variable with Shop
examples. Constructing pictographs-pie chart, Bar chart. Frequency and tally Charts. Importance of the
shape of a frequency distribution- histogram, frequency polygon, Cumulative frequency plot.
Interpreting statistics- sampling, arithmetic mean, median, mode, Range. Graphs- variables, scales,
coordinates, straight line graphs.
Relations and Functions:-
Types of Relations Types of Functions Composition of Functions and Invertible Function Binary
Operations
Inverse Trigonometric Functions:-
Basic Concepts ,Properties of Inverse Trigonometric Functions
Matrices:-
Matrix, Types of Matrices, Operations on Matrices , Transpose of a Matrix, Symmetric and Skew-
Symmetric Matrices , Elementary Operation (Transformation) of a Matrix Invertible Matrices

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