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    Guided Transmission Media: Twisted Pair Coaxial Cable Optical Fiber

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    Vardhani Dhulipudi
    This document summarizes various guided and wireless transmission media. It discusses twisted pair, coaxial cable, and optical fiber as guided media commonly used for telephony, networking, and television distribution. It also outlines wireless transmission using terrestrial microwave, satellite, broadcast radio, and infrared technologies, noting their applications and characteristics.

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    Guided Transmission Media: Twisted Pair Coaxial Cable Optical Fiber

    Uploaded by

    Vardhani Dhulipudi
    38 views22 pages
    This document summarizes various guided and wireless transmission media. It discusses twisted pair, coaxial cable, and optical fiber as guided media commonly used for telephony, networking, and television distribution. It also outlines wireless transmission using terrestrial microwave, satellite, broadcast radio, and infrared technologies, noting their applications and characteristics.

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    DCS_2

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    This document summarizes various guided and wireless transmission media. It discusses twisted pair, coaxial cable, and optical fiber as guided media commonly used for telephony, networking, and television distribution. It also outlines wireless transmission using terrestrial microwave, satellite, broadcast radio, and infrared technologies, noting their applications and characteristics.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    38 views22 pages

    Guided Transmission Media: Twisted Pair Coaxial Cable Optical Fiber

    Uploaded by

    Vardhani Dhulipudi
    This document summarizes various guided and wireless transmission media. It discusses twisted pair, coaxial cable, and optical fiber as guided media commonly used for telephony, networking, and television distribution. It also outlines wireless transmission using terrestrial microwave, satellite, broadcast radio, and infrared technologies, noting their applications and characteristics.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Guided Transmission Media

    „ Twisted Pair
    „ Coaxial cable
    „ Optical fiber
    Twisted Pair
    Twisted Pair - Applications
    „ Most common medium
    „ Telephone network
    „ Between house and local exchange
    (subscriber loop)
    „ Within buildings
    „ To private branch exchange (PBX)
    „ For local area networks (LAN)
    „ 10Mbps or 100Mbps
    Twisted Pair - Pros and Cons
    „ Cheap
    „ Easy to work with
    „ Low data rate
    „ Short range
    Twisted Pair - Transmission
    Characteristics
    „ Analog
    „ Amplifiers every 5km to 6km

    „ Digital
    „ Use either analog or digital signals

    „ repeater every 2km or 3km

    „ Limited distance
    „ Limited bandwidth (1MHz)
    „ Limited data rate (100MHz)
    „ Susceptible to interference and noise
    Unshielded and Shielded TP
    „ Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)
    „ Ordinary telephone wire
    „ Cheapest
    „ Easiest to install
    „ Suffers from external EM interference
    „ Shielded Twisted Pair (STP)
    „ Metal braid or sheathing that reduces interference
    „ More expensive
    „ Harder to handle (thick, heavy)
    UTP Categories
    „ Cat 3
    „ up to 16MHz
    „ Voice grade found in most offices
    „ Twist length of 7.5 cm to 10 cm
    „ Cat 4
    „ up to 20 MHz
    „ Cat 5
    „ up to 100MHz
    „ Commonly pre-installed in new office buildings
    „ Twist length 0.6 cm to 0.85 cm
    Near End Crosstalk
    „ Coupling of signal from one pair to
    another
    „ Coupling takes place when transmit
    signal entering the link couples back to
    receiving pair
    „ i.e. near transmitted signal is picked up
    by near receiving pair
    Coaxial Cable
    Coaxial Cable Applications
    „ Most versatile medium
    „ Television distribution
    „ Ariel to TV
    „ Cable TV
    „ Long distance telephone transmission
    „ Can carry 10,000 voice calls simultaneously
    „ Being replaced by fiber optic
    „ Short distance computer systems links
    „ Local area networks
    Coaxial Cable - Transmission
    Characteristics
    „ Analog
    „ Amplifiers every few km
    „ Closer if higher frequency
    „ Up to 500MHz
    „ Digital
    „ Repeater every 1km
    „ Closer for higher data rates
    Optical Fiber
    Optical Fiber - Benefits
    „ Greater capacity
    „ Data rates of hundreds of Gbps
    „ Smaller size & weight
    „ Lower attenuation
    „ Electromagnetic isolation
    „ Greater repeater spacing
    „ 10s of km at least
    Optical Fiber - Applications
    „ Long-haul trunks
    „ Metropolitan trunks
    „ Rural exchange trunks
    „ Subscriber loops
    „ LANs
    Optical Fiber - Transmission
    Characteristics
    „ Act as wave guide for 1014 to 1015 Hz
    „ Portions of infrared and visible spectrum

    „ Light Emitting Diode (LED)


    „ Cheaper

    „ Wider operating temp range

    „ Last longer

    „ Injection Laser Diode (ILD)


    „ More efficient

    „ Greater data rate

    „ Wavelength Division Multiplexing


    Optical Fiber Transmission
    Modes
    Wireless Transmission
    „ Unguided media
    „ Transmission and reception via antenna
    „ Directional
    „ Focused beam
    „ Careful alignment required
    „ Omnidirectional
    „ Signal spreads in all directions
    „ Can be received by many antennae
    Frequencies
    „ 2GHz to 40GHz
    „ Microwave
    „ Highly directional
    „ Point to point
    „ Satellite
    „ 30MHz to 1GHz
    „ Omnidirectional
    „ Broadcast radio
    „ 3 x 1011 to 2 x 1014
    „ Infrared
    „ Local
    Terrestrial Microwave
    „ Parabolic dish
    „ Focused beam
    „ Line of sight
    „ Long haul telecommunications
    „ Higher frequencies give higher data
    rates
    Satellite Microwave
    „ Satellite is relay station
    „ Satellite receives on one frequency,
    amplifies or repeats signal and
    transmits on another frequency
    „ Requires geo-stationary orbit
    „ Height of 35,784km
    „ Television
    „ Long distance telephone
    „ Private business networks
    Broadcast Radio
    „ Omnidirectional
    „ FM radio
    „ UHF and VHF television
    „ Line of sight
    „ Suffers from multipath interference
    „ Reflections
    Infrared
    „ Modulate noncoherent infrared light
    „ Line of sight (or reflection)
    „ Blocked by walls
    „ e.g. TV remote control, IRD port

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