‫‪UBUNTU 12.

04‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﻯ ﻫﺎ‬

‫ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﻩ‪ :‬ﻳﺎﺳﺮ ﺍﻣﻴﺮﻯ‬

 ‫ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ‪2 ........................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬

‫ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻛﺲ ﭼﻴﺴﺖ؟ ‪3 ....................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬

‫ﭘﺮﻭژﻩ ﻱ ‪6 ........................................................................................................................................................................................ GNU‬‬

‫ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ‪7 ..................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬

‫ﭼﺮﺍ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭ ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻛﺲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ؟ ‪8 ........................................................................................................‬‬

‫ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻛﺲ ‪9 .................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬

‫ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎﺕ ‪10 .............................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬

‫‪ UBUNTU‬ﭼﻴﺴﺖ؟ ‪13 ...........................................................................................................................................................................‬‬

‫ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ‪17 ................................................................................................................................................................................... UBUNTU‬‬

‫ﻧﺼﺐ ‪19 ................................................................................................................................................................................ UBUNTU‬‬

‫ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ‪26 ........................................................................................................................................................................................ Unity‬‬

‫‪‬ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺼﺐ ‪32 ...........................................................................................................................................................................‬‬

‫ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﺭﻳﺸﻪ ‪32 ........................................................................................................................................................................‬‬

‫ﻧﺼﺐ ﻭ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ ‪32 ............................................................................................................................... NVIDIA‬‬

‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ‪34 ........................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬

‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ‪35 .......................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬

‫ﻧﺼﺐ ‪36 ........................................................................................................................................................................................... Font‬‬

‫ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺟﻠﻮﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﻜﻲ ‪37 ..........................................................................................................................................................‬‬

‫ﻧﺼﺐ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ‪38 ....................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬

‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ‪42 ..................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬

‫‪46 ............................................................................................................................................................................................ Terminal‬‬

‫ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻛﺲ ‪55 ........................................................................................................................................................................‬‬

‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ‪57 .........................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬

‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ‪58 ........................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬

 ‫‪ UBUNTU 12.04‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪۲‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬

‫ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﺸﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺳﺨﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺷﻮﺍﺭ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﻭ ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻔﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪،‬ﺷﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻢ‪.‬‬

‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺎﺯﻩ ﭘﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻧﻴﺎﻱ ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻛﺲ ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺘﻢ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺳﺮﮔﺮﺩﺍﻥ ﺑﻮﺩﻡ ﻭ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺴﺘﻢ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﺒﺘﺪﻳﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﻭﻳﻨﺪﻭﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺩﺍﺩﻡ ﺩﺭ ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻛﺲ ﻫﻢ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻛﻨﻢ‪،‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﻭ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭﻟﻲ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﻫﺎ ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ)ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ‪ wiki.ubuntu‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺁﻥ ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ( ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻲ‬

‫ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻛﺲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺎﻩ‪،‬ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﻲ‬

‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻌﻠﻢ ﻳﺎ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺘﻲ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻢ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪ ﻣﺒﺘﺪﻳﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﺎﻣﻮﺯﺩ‪.‬ﺍﻣﺎ‬

‫ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﭼﻴﺰ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﺒﻮﺩ‪،‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺮ ﺯﺣﻤﺘﻲ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺴﺘﻢ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪ ﺧﻮﺩﻡ ﺑﻮﺩ‬

‫ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﻨﻢ ﻭ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﺍ ﮔﻴﺮﻡ)ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻨﺠﺎ ﺟﺎ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭﺳﺘﺎﻧﻢ ﺩﺭ ‪ Technotux‬ﻭ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ‪ Ubuntu‬ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﻳﺎﺩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ‪ Ubuntu‬ﻛﻤﻚ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﺗﺸﻜﺮ ﻛﻨﻢ(‪.‬‬

‫ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﻫﺎﻳﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺎﺯﻩ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﻃﺮﻑ ﺷﺪ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻢ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺒﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺁﻣﻮﺧﺘﻢ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺑﮕﺬﺍﺭﻡ ﺗﺎ ﻛﺴﻲ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻴﺎﻓﺘﻦ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﻭ ﻣﺨﺘﺺ ﻣﺒﺘﺪﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﻬﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻜﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻛﺲ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﺎﺳﺮ ﺍﻣﻴﺮﻱ‬

‫‪1391/5/24‬‬

‫‪yaser.amiri95@gmail.com‬‬
 ‫‪ UBUNTU 12.04‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪۳‬‬

‫ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻛﺲ ﭼﻴﺴﺖ؟‬

‫ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻛﺲ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﺍﻳﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﺯ)‪ (open source‬ﻛﻪ‬

‫ﺗﺤﺖ ﻣﺠﻮﺯ ﮔﻨﻮ)‪ (GNU‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻓﺮﺩﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺁﺯﺍﺩﺍﻧﻪ ﻭ ﺭﺍﻳﮕﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﺪ‪،‬ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺪﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺖ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻫﺴﺘﻪ ﻱ ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻛﺲ ﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻛﺲ ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻫﺴﺘﻪ ﻱ)‪ (Kernel‬ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻛﺲ ﻭ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻱ ﭘﺮﻭژﻩ ‪ GNU‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻓﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻛﺲ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻜﺲ ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ‪ POSIX‬ﭘﻴﺎﺩﻩ ﺳﺎﺯﻯ‬

‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻣﻼ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻥ ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻛﺲ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﺮﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ ﻭ ﻣﺴﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻜﺲ ﺩﺍﻧﺴﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ‬

‫ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺧﻮﺏ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺭﺙ ﺑﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺴﺘﻪ ﻱ ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻛﺲ)‪ (Kernel‬ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﻢ‪:‬‬

‫‪ Kernel‬ﻫﺴﺘﻪ ﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﻢ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻭﻇﺎﻳﻒ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻫﺎ‪،‬ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ‪،‬ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻫﺎ‪،‬ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺰﻡ‬

‫ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻣﻨﻴﺘﻲ‪،‬ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻮﺭ ﻫﺎﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﮕﺎﺭﺵ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪ Kernel‬ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ‪ X.Y.Z‬ﻧﺎﻣﮕﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪،Z .‬‬

‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﻋﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،Y .‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺁﻳﺎ ‪ Kernel‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ )ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﻓﺮﺩ(‪ ،‬ﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬

‫ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ )ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﺯﻭﺝ( ﻭ ‪ X‬ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﺎﻝ ﻛﻤﻲ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﻢ ﻭ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﭽﻪ ﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪:‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 1991‬ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﻣﻲ ﻛﺮﺩ‪،‬ﻓﻘﺪﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺧﻮﺏ ﺍﺣﺴﺎﺱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﺪ‪،‬ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ‬

‫ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ‪ DOS‬ﺍﻣﭙﺮﺍﻃﻮﺭ ﺑﻲ ﭼﻮﻥ ﻭ ﭼﺮﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﺑﻮﺩ‪،‬ﻛﻪ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺑﻴﻞ ﮔﻴﺘﺲ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ‪50000‬‬

‫ﺩﻻﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻫﻜﺮ ﺳﻴﺎﺗﻠﻲ ﺧﺮﻳﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺭﻭﺯﮔﺎﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﻢ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻜﻴﻨﺘﺎﺵ ﻭ ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻜﺲ ﻫﻢ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻨﺪ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻨﺪ‪،‬ﻧﺘﻮﺍﻧﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪ DOS‬ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ‬

‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻲ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻴﻨﻴﻜﺲ)‪ (Minix‬ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﺮﻭﻓﺴﻮﺭﻱ ﻫﻠﻨﺪﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺁﻧﺪﺭﻭ ﺍﺱ ﺗﺎﻧﻨﺒﺎﻭﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪intel‬‬

‫‪ 8086‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﺭﻭﻧﻖ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻫﻢ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪،‬ﻣﺰﻳﺖ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ‬
 ‫‪ UBUNTU 12.04‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪٤‬‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻛﺪ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺎﻧﻨﺒﺎﻭﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ‪ C‬ﻭ ﺍﺳﻤﺒﻠﻲ ﺩﺭ ‪ 12000‬ﺧﻂ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﺪ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﻴﻨﻴﻜﺲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻟﻴﻨﻮﺱ ﺗﻮﺭﻭﺍﻟﺪﺯ ﻣﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻱ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻲ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻱ ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻜﺲ ﺭﺍﻩ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬ﺍﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻳﺎﺩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎﺕ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪ 386‬ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮﻱ ﻣﻴﻨﻴﻜﺲ ﺭﻓﺖ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ‬

‫ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻭ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻧﻤﻲ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﺎﻥ ﺳﺮﺗﺎ ﺳﺮ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﺮﻭژﻩ ﻱ ‪ GNU‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻱ ﺭﻳﭽﺎﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻟﻤﻦ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﻚ ﺷﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬ﺭﻳﭽﺎﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻟﻤﻦ ﭘﺮﻭژﻩ ﻱ ﮔﻨﻮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻋﻼﻣﻴﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 1983‬ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻃﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖ‬

‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻱ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﺍﻳﮕﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺑﭙﺮﺩﺍﺯﻧﺪ ﻭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺖ ﻛﺪ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻲ‬

‫ﺩﺍﻧﺴﺖ ‪ .‬ﺍﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻛﺪ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﭘﺲ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻦ ﻭ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﺎﻳﻠﺮ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ‪ C‬ﺗﺤﺖ ﻟﻴﺴﺎﻧﺲ ‪ GNU‬ﻣﻮﺳﻮﻡ ﻳﻪ ‪ GCC‬ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ‪ .‬ﺍﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻩ ﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺑﻲ ﺭﺍ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﺎﻳﻠﺮ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻗﺪﺭﺗﻤﻨﺪﺗﺮ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﺗﺮﻱ ﻫﻢ ﭼﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬ﺗﺎ ﺳﺎﻝ‬

‫‪ 1991‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﺎﻥ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺴﺎﺯﻧﺪ‪.‬ﻫﺴﺘﻪ ﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎﻡ ‪ HURD‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ‬

‫ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻫﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻫﻢ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﭘﺮﻭژﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻻﺯﻡ‬

‫ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺭﻭﺍﻟﺪﺯ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺴﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺻﺒﺮ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﻳﻚ ‪ Kernel‬ﻛﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺎ ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻛﺲ ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺷﺪ‪.‬ﺍﻭ ﻛﺪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻛﺲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﺎﻥ ﺳﺮﺍﺳﺮ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩ‪،‬ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﺎﻥ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻛﺪ ﻫﺎ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺭﻭﺍﻟﺪﺯ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧﺪﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﻱ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

 ‫‪ UBUNTU 12.04‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪٥‬‬

‫ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺍﻥ ﺧﺎﻧﮕﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ ﻣﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺍﻣﺎ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻴﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﻴﺰﻛﺎﺭ ﻫﺎﻱ‬

‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ‪ GNOME‬ﻭ ‪ KDE‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻬﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻓﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻛﺲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻳﻚ ﭘﻨﮕﻮﺋﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪ .‬ﺑﺮ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺟﺪﻱ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ TUX.‬ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ‬

‫ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻧﮕﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻛﺲ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﭽﻪ ﻱ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺟﺎﻟﺒﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ‪ .‬ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻛﺲ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺭﻭﺍﻟﺪﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻄﻴﻼﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﻟﻴﺎ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺎﻍ ﻭﺣﺶ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﭘﻨﮕﻮﺋﻦ ﺑﺎﺯﻱ‬

‫ﻛﻨﺪ‪،‬ﭘﻨﮕﻮﺋﻦ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﮔﺎﺯ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺍﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻨﮕﻮﺋﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻛﺲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻨﮕﻮﺋﻦ ﻧﻴﺰ‬

‫‪ TUX‬ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪ UBUNTU 12.04‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪٦‬‬

‫ﭘﺮﻭژﻩ ﻱ ‪GNU‬‬

‫‪ GNU‬ﻣﺨﻔﻒ ‪ GNU's Not Unix‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬ﭘﺮﻭژﻩ ﻱ ‪ GNU‬ﭘﺮﻭژﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ‪ ،GNU‬ﻛﻪ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺭﻳﭽﺎﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻟﻤﻦ ﺩﺭ ‪ 27‬ﺳﭙﺘﺎﻣﺒﺮ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 1983‬ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻱ ﺁﻥ ﻫﻢ ﺍﺯ ژﺍﻧﻮﻳﻪ ﻱ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 1984‬ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ GNU‬ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻥ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ‪.‬ﻫﺮ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻲ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﺮﻭژﻩ‪ GNU‬ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻛﻠﻤﻪ »ﺁﺯﺍﺩ« ﺩﺭ »ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ« ﺑﻪ ﺁﺯﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﻪ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ‪ .‬ﺷﻤﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﻧﺮﻡ‬

‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺒﻠﻐﻲ ﺑﭙﺮﺩﺍﺯﻳﺪ ﻳﺎ ﻧﭙﺮﺩﺍﺯﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺳﻪ ﺁﺯﺍﺩﻱ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﺨﺴﺖ‪ ،‬ﺁﺯﺍﺩﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻭ ﻫﺪﻳﻪ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ؛ ﺩﻭﻡ‪،‬‬

‫ﺁﺯﺍﺩﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺩﻟﺨﻮﺍﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ؛ ﺳﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﺁﺯﺍﺩﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ‬

‫ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ‪) .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﺠﺪﺩﺍ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ‪ GNU‬ﺭﺍ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ‬

‫ﻳﻚ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﻣﺒﻠﻐﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺭﺍﻳﮕﺎﻥ ﻫﺪﻳﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪(.‬‬

‫ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻫﺪﻑ ‪ GNU‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺎ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 1992‬ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺰ ﻫﺴﺘﻪ )‪ (Kernel‬ﺁﻣﺎﺩﻩ‬

‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ‪،‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻫﺴﺘﻪ ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻛﺲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺗﻮﺭﻭﺍﻟﺪﺯ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ‪،‬ﺑﻪ ‪ GNU‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺁﺯﺍﺩﻱ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻣﺪ ﻛﻪ‬

‫ﮔﻨﻮ‪/‬ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻛﺲ ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺮﻭژﻩ ﻱ ‪،GNU‬ﻣﻴﺰ ﻛﺎﺭ ‪ Gnome‬ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ‪ 3‬ﻣﺎﺭﺱ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪1999‬‬

‫ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪ ﻫﻢ ﺍﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﺒﻮﺏ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺰﻛﺎﺭ ﻫﺎﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪ UBUNTU 12.04‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪۷‬‬

‫ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ)‪(Free Software‬‬

‫ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻫﺎ ﭘﻴﺪﺍﺳﺖ ‪،‬ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻱ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﺎ‬

‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺯﺍﺩﻱ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﻳﮕﺎﻥ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﺟﺒﺎﺭﻱ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻱ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬

‫ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺁﺯﺍﺩﻱ)‪ (Freedom‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -1‬ﺁﺯﺍﺩﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭﻱ‬

‫‪ -2‬ﺁﺯﺍﺩﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﻛﭙﻲ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬

‫‪ -3‬ﺁﺯﺍﺩﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺻﻼﺣﺎﺕ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﻤﮕﺎﻥ‬

‫‪ -4‬ﺁﺯﺍﺩﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻣﻮﺧﺘﻦ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ)ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺪ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺷﺮﻁ ﺩﻭ‬

‫ﺑﻨﺪ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ(‬

‫ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﮔﺮﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻱ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺍﺯ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﻣﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﺯ)‪ (Opensource‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺪﺍﻧﻴﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ‬

‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺯﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺎ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﺘﻤﺎ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﻛﭙﻲ ﺭﺍﻳﺖ )‪ (Copy Right‬ﺭﺍ ﺷﻨﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﻳﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻧﺸﺮ‪،‬ﺍﻟﮕﻮ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻜﺜﻴﺮ‬

‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﺷﺮ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ ﻭ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻳﺎ ﻓﺮﺩ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺣﻖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻧﻴﺎﻱ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﺯ‬

‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﻛﭙﻲ ﻟﻔﺖ )‪ (Copy Left‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻜﺲ ﻛﭙﻲ ﺭﺍﻳﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ‪،‬ﻛﭙﻲ ﻟﻔﺖ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﺎﻥ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﻱ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪ UBUNTU 12.04‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪۸‬‬

‫ﭼﺮﺍ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭ ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻛﺲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ؟‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻮﺍﻝ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﮕﻮﻳﻢ ﻛﻪ ﻓﻜﺮ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻛﭙﻲ ﺭﺍﻳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﺳﺘﻲ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺷﺪ ﺁﻥ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺴﺘﻴﺪ‬

‫ﺑﺎ ‪ 1000‬ﺗﻮﻣﺎﻥ ﻭﻳﻨﺪﻭﺯ‪،‬ﻓﺘﻮﺷﺎپ‪،‬ﻣﺎﻳﻜﺮﻭﺳﺎﻓﺖ ﺁﻓﻴﺲ ﻳﺎ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﭼﻴﺰ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺨﺮﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﭘﻮﻝ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺻﺮﻑ ﺧﺮﻳﺪ ﻣﻲ‬

‫ﻛﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﺳﺘﻲ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﭼﺮﺍ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻛﺲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ؟‬

‫ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻭﻳﻨﺪﻭﺯ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻭﺭﺟﻴﻨﺎﻝ ﻭ ﻗﻔﻞ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺡ ﻛﺮﻙ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪،‬ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻣﺠﺒﻮﺭﻳﻢ ﻫﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻭﻳﻨﺪﻭﺯ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻋﻮﺽ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ ﺣﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻋﺎﻟﻲ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻪ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﻣﺎﻩ‬

‫ﺩﻭﺍﻡ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪ Close source‬ﻳﺎ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻭﻳﻨﺪﻭﺯ ﻫﻢ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬

‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺎ ﻛﺮﻙ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺣﺪ ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ 60‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 30‬ﺭﻭﺯ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻫﺎﻱ‬

‫ﻭﻳﻨﺪﻭﺯﻱ ﺻﺪﻕ ﻧﻤﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻛﺲ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻢ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻭ ﻫﻢ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻫﺎﻳﺶ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻛﺜﺮﺍ‬

‫ﺭﺍﻳﮕﺎﻥ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﻳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﻜﻲ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﺗﺮﻱ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻛﺲ ﺑﺮ ﻭﻳﻨﺪﻭﺯ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﻣﻦ ﻭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻲ ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻛﺲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻛﺲ ﻭﻳﺮﻭﺱ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪،‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺍﻥ ﻭﻳﻨﺪﻭﺯ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺣﺘﻤﺎ ﺁﻧﺘﻲ ﻭﻳﺮﻭﺳﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻭﻳﻨﺪﻭﺯ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺷﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﻧﺘﻲ ﻭﻳﺮﻭﺱ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻭﻳﺮﻭﺱ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺗﺮﻭﺟﺎﻥ ﻫﺎ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺖ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﻧﺘﻲ ﻭﻳﺮﻭﺱ ﻫﺎ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ‬

‫ﻣﻲ ﻛﺎﻫﻨﺪ‪،‬ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﻱ ﺍﻭﺭﺟﻴﻨﺎﻝ ﺷﺎﻥ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻜﺘﻪ ﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻭﻳﻨﺪﻭﺯ ﻭ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪ Close source‬ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻭﺭﺟﻴﻨﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺩﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺯﺩﻱ ﺯﺩﻩ ﺍﻳﻢ ﻭ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺯﺩ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻳﻢ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻛﺲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪.‬ﺩﺭ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﺎ‬

‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﻳﻨﺪﻭﺯ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﻳﻨﺪﻭﺯ ﺟﻠﻮﺗﺮﻧﺪ‪،‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻛﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ‬

‫ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻱ ﻛﻤﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻭﻳﻨﺪﻭﺯ ﻋﻘﺐ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺮﻭﺭ ﻭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻲ ﻭﻳﻨﺪﻭﺯ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﻋﻘﺐ ﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻛﺲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪ UBUNTU 12.04‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪۹‬‬

‫ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻛﺲ‬

‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻛﺲ ﻳﺎ ‪ Linux distribution‬ﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ ‪ distros‬ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﮕﻲ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﻳﻚ ﺟﺰء ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻙ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪:‬ﻫﺴﺘﻪ )‪ (Kernel‬ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻛﺲ‪.‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ‪ Kernel‬ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻛﺲ‪،‬ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﻫﺮ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻛﺲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ‬

‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻭ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﻭ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺘﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﭘﻜﻴﺞ ﻫﺎﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻓﺮﻕ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻫﺪﻑ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﻳﻚ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻛﺲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺗﺮ ﻭ ﺩﻟﭽﺴﺐ ﺗﺮ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﭼﻮﻥ ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻛﺲ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻫﺮ ﻛﺴﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﻫﺪ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻱ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺁﻥ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬ﻫﻢ ﺍﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 600‬ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﺍﻳﺞ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺒﻮﺏ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‪:‬‬

‫‪Ubuntu OpenSUSE Fedora Gentoo Slackware ArchLinux‬‬ ‫‪Mint BackTrack‬‬

‫ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﻛﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻛﺲ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮﺕ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻳﻚ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺪﻭ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ‪،‬‬

‫ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻛﺲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻭﺳﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻛﺲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻥ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻢ ﻛﻪ ‪ Live CD‬ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻳﺴﻚ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻥ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﻳﺴﻚ ﻫﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﻧﺼﺒﻲ‬

‫ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻛﺲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮﺗﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺁﻳﻲ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺗﺮﻱ ﻫﻢ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻥ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ‪،‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺑﺎﺏ ﻣﻴﻠﺘﺎﻥ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ‬

‫ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﻱ ﻧﺼﺒﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﻧﻠﻮﺩ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﻛﻲ ﺧﺮﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﻭ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻟﺬﺕ ﺑﺒﺮﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺨﺼﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﺗﺎﺯﻩ ﭘﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻧﻴﺎﻱ ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻛﺲ ﺑﮕﺬﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻣﺤﺒﻮﺑﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ‪ Ubuntu‬ﺭﺍ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﻣﻲ‬

‫ﻛﻨﻢ‪.‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻣﻲ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﻡ‪.‬ﺩﻻﻳﻞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻦ ﻫﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺍﻡ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪ UBUNTU 12.04‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪۱۰‬‬

‫ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻛﺲ ﺭﺍ ﺭﺍﺣﺖ ﺗﺮ ﻓﺮﺍ ﺑﮕﻴﺮﻳﺪ‪،‬ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎﺕ ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻛﺲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻴﺎﻣﻮﺯﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻳﺎ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﺭﻳﺸﻪ )‪(root‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﻱ ﻫﺮ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻭﻳﻨﺪﻭﺯ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎﻡ ‪ Administrator‬ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ‬

‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﻭ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺁﻥ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﻮﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﺎﺭﺗﻴﺸﻦ ‪SWAP‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻳﻚ ﭘﺎﺭﺗﻴﺸﻦ ‪ SWAP‬ﺑﺴﺎﺯﻳﻢ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺎﺭﺗﻴﺸﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ‬

‫ﻳﺎ ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺤﺎ ﻛﻤﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ RAM‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ EXT3‬ﻳﺎ ‪EXT4‬‬

‫ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﭘﺎﺭﺗﻴﺸﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻛﺲ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ‪ EXT3‬ﻳﺎ ‪ EXT4‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪).‬ﻣﺜﻞ ‪ NTFS‬ﺩﺭ ﻭﻳﻨﺪﻭﺯ(‬

‫ﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﺭﻳﺸﻪ ﻳﺎ ‪/‬‬

‫ﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﺭﻳﺸﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻛﺲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ‬

‫ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪.‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺷﺎﺧﻪ ‪ home‬ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺮ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﺭﻳﺸﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪Failsafe‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻮﺕ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪،‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻢ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ‬

‫ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻴﺎﻭﺭﻳﻢ‪).‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪ safemode‬ﺩﺭ ﻭﻳﻨﺪﻭﺯ(‬

‫‪X Window‬‬
 ‫‪ UBUNTU 12.04‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪۱۱‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﺳﻂ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﻜﻲ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻛﺲ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ ‪ X Window‬ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻝ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﻜﻲ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ‬

‫ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﺳﻂ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﻱ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪Repository‬‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﺨﺎﺯﻥ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﻧﮕﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪ Repository،‬ﻣﻲ ﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪Dependency‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ‬

‫‪ Dependency‬ﻣﻲ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪Desktop Environment‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﺳﻂ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﻜﻲ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﺭﺍﺣﺖ ﺗﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﺩ‪ Gnome.‬ﻭ ‪ KDE‬ﻭ‪ Unity‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ‬

‫ﻭﺍﺳﻂ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﻜﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻱ‬

‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻭ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ‬
 ‫‪ UBUNTU 12.04‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪۱۲‬‬

‫ﺑﺮ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺻﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﭙﻲ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ‬

‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪deb‬‬

‫ﻳﻚ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ‪ .deb‬ﻳﻚ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ‪) Ubuntu‬ﻳﺎ ﺩﺑﻴﺎﻥ( ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪Source Package‬‬

‫ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻣﺘﻦ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﺎﻳﻞ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻱ ﺧﺎﺹ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺨﺎﺯﻥ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻱ‬

‫ﺍﻭﺑﻮﻧﺘﻮ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺵ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺨﺎﺯﻥ ﻳﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻱ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻲ‬

‫ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﻚ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺍﻧﻠﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪،‬‬

‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ‪Super‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻛﺲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ‪ Start‬ﻳﺎ ﻭﻳﻨﺪﻭﺯ‪،‬ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﺳﻮﭘﺮ )‪ (Super‬ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

 ‫‪ UBUNTU 12.04‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪۱۳‬‬

‫‪ Ubuntu‬ﭼﻴﺴﺖ؟‬

‫‪ Ubuntu‬ﻳﻚ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﮔﻨﻮ‪/‬ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻛﺲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻭ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻧﻴﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻦﺑﺎﺯ )ﺍُﭘﻦ‬

‫ﺳﻮﺭﺱ( ﻛﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺮﮔﺮﻣﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺭﺍﻳﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ‪ Ubuntu‬ﺷﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ‬

‫ﺭﺍ ﻣﺮﻭﺭ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻤﻴﻞ ﺑﺨﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪﺍﺕ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺘﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻭﻳﺮﺍﻳﺶ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ‬

‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺭﻭﺯﻣﺮﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺭﺍﻳﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻴﺪﻫﻴﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ‪ Ubuntu .‬ﻳﻚ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﻣﺘﻦ‪-‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻭﻳﻨﺪﻭﺯ ﻭ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﺎﻡ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﭘﺮﻭژﻩ ‪ no-name-yet.com،Ubuntu‬ﺑﻮﺩ‪Canonical.‬ﺍﺯ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﭘﺮﻭژﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ ‪no-name-yet.com‬‬

‫ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ‪ 20 Ubuntu‬ﺍﻛﺘﺒﺮ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 2004‬ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﮔﻨﻮ‪/‬ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻛﺲ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﻮﻗﺖ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻛﺮﺩ‪،‬ﻫﺪﻑ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺪ ﺩﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻫﺮ ﺷﺶ ﻣﺎﻩ ﻳﻚ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ‪ Ubuntu‬ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺴﺘﻪﻫﺎﻱ ‪ Ubuntu‬ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺴﺘﻪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻏﻴﺮ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﺩﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ Ubuntu .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺑﺴﺘﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺼﺐ‬

‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺩﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﺴﺘﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻭ ‪ Ubuntu‬ﻟﺰﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭ ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ‪ Ubuntu‬ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻝ ﺑﺴﺘﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ‪ Ubuntu‬ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﺍﻋﻼﻡ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺾ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ‪ Ubuntu‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ "ﺁﺩﻣﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻫﺮ ﺁﺩﻣﻴﺖ ﻣﻴﺮﺳﺪ"‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻠﻤﻪ ﺑﺸﺮﻳﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻫﻢ‬

‫ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ Ubuntu.‬ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ‪ Ubuntu‬ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ‪ oo-BOON-too‬ﺗﻠﻔﻆ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪Ubuntu .‬‬

‫ﻳﻚ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻧﺴﺨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻛﺎﻣﻼ ﺭﺍﻳﮕﺎﻥ ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺣﺎﻣﻲ ﻭ ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻥ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻱ ‪ Ubuntu‬ﻳﻚ‬

‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺍﻭﺭﻭﭘﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ‪ Canonical Ltd‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬ﺣﺘﻤﺎ ﻣﻲ ﭘﺮﺳﻴﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪ ﻛﺴﺐ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ‬
 ‫‪ UBUNTU 12.04‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪۱٤‬‬

‫‪ Ubuntu‬ﺭﺍﻳﮕﺎﻥ ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ؟ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ‪ Canonical‬ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ‬

‫ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ Canonical .‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﻲ ‪ 24‬ﺳﺎﻋﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ‪ 7‬ﺭﻭﺯ ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﻲ‬

‫ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 500‬ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺪﺍﺭﺱ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺴﺘﻴﺘﻮﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲ‪.‬‬

‫‪ Ubuntu‬ﻫﺮ ﺷﺶ ﻣﺎﻩ ﻳﻚ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ)ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﻣﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻭﺭﻳﻞ ﻭ ﺍﻛﺘﺒﺮ( ﻭ ‪ 18‬ﻣﺎﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻲ‬

‫ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ‪ LTS‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ‪ 4‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ‬

‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ‪ Ubuntu‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ‪،‬ﻧﺎﻡ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﻫﻢ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﺻﻔﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﻧﺎﻡ‬

‫‪ Ubuntu 12.04‬ﭘﺎﻧﮕﻮﻟﻴﻦ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ ﺭﻣﺰ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺨﻪ‬

‫‪ 20‬ﺍﻛﺘﺒﺮ ‪2004‬‬ ‫ﺧﻮﻙ ﺯﮔﻴﻞ ﺩﺍﺭ‬ ‫‪4,10‬‬
‫‪ 8‬ﺁﻭﺭﻳﻞ ‪2005‬‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺟﻪ ﺗﻴﻐﻲ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ‬ ‫‪5,04‬‬
‫‪ 13‬ﺍﻛﺘﺒﺮ ‪2005‬‬ ‫ﮔﻮﺭﻛﻦ ﺷﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﺨﺶ‬ ‫‪5,10‬‬
‫‪ 1‬ژﻭﺋﻦ ‪2006‬‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺩﻙ ﺯﺭﻧﮓ‬ ‫‪6,06‬‬
‫‪ 26‬ﺍﻛﺘﺒﺮ ‪2006‬‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺳﻤﺎﺭ ﺁﺑﻲ ﻋﺼﺒﻲ‬ ‫‪6,10‬‬
‫‪ 19‬ﺁﻭﺭﻳﻞ ‪2007‬‬ ‫ﺁﻫﻮﻱ ﭼﺎﺑﻚ‬ ‫‪7,04‬‬
‫‪ 18‬ﺍﻛﺘﺒﺮ ‪2007‬‬ ‫ﮔﻴﺒﻮﻥ ﺩﺭﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺷﺠﺎﻉ‬ ‫‪7,10‬‬
‫‪ 24‬ﺁﻭﺭﻳﻞ ‪2008‬‬ ‫ﺣﻮﺍﺻﻴﻞ ﺟﺴﻮﺭ‬ ‫‪8,04‬‬
‫‪ 30‬ﺍﻛﺘﺒﺮ ‪2008‬‬ ‫ﺑﺰﻛﻮﻫﻲ ﺑﻲ ﺑﺎﻙ‬ ‫‪8,10‬‬
‫‪ 23‬ﺁﻭﺭﻳﻞ ‪2009‬‬ ‫ﺧﺮﮔﻮﺵ ﻣﻐﺮﻭﺭ‬ ‫‪9,04‬‬
‫‪ 29‬ﺍﻛﺘﺒﺮ ‪2009‬‬ ‫ﻛﻮﺁﻻﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﻣﻴﻚ‬ ‫‪9,10‬‬
‫‪ 29‬ﺁﻭﺭﻳﻞ ‪2010‬‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﮔﻮﺵ ﺩﺭﺧﺸﺎﻥ‬ ‫‪10,04‬‬
‫‪ 10‬ﺍﻛﺘﺒﺮ ‪2010‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻤﻮﻥ ﭘﻮﺯﻩ ﺩﺭﺍﺯ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ‬ ‫‪10,10‬‬
‫‪ 28‬ﺁﻭﺭﻳﻞ ‪2011‬‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺭﻭﺍﻝ ﭼﺎﻻﻙ‬ ‫‪11,04‬‬
‫‪ 13‬ﺍﻛﺘﺒﺮ ‪2011‬‬ ‫ﭘﻠﻨﮓ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺭﻭﻳﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫‪11,10‬‬
‫‪ 26‬ﺁﻭﺭﻳﻞ ‪2012‬‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻧﮕﻮﻟﻴﻦ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ‬ ‫‪12,04‬‬
 ‫‪ UBUNTU 12.04‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪۱٥‬‬

‫ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩ ﻱ ‪ Ubuntu‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬

‫‪Ubuntu Desktop -1‬‬

‫‪Ubuntu Server Edition -2‬‬

‫‪Kubuntu -3‬‬

‫‪Edubuntu -4‬‬

‫‪Xubuntu -5‬‬

‫‪Gobuntu -6‬‬

‫‪Ubuntu MID Edition -7‬‬

‫ﻧﻜﺘﻪ ﻱ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ‪ Ubuntu‬ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺭﺍﻳﮕﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﻧﻠﻮﺩ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬

‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻛﺎﻣﻼً ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺭﺍﻳﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻫﻢ ﻫﺴﺘﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﻞ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺟﻠﺪ ‪ CD‬ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﻳﺖ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻭ ﭘﺨﺶ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺩﻭﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺗﺸﻮﻳﻖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺒﻞ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﻡ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺒﺘﺪﻳﺎﻥ ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻛﺲ ‪ Ubuntu‬ﺍﺳﺖ)ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻦ( ﺣﺎﻝ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺮﻓﻢ ﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻣﻲ ﮔﻮﻳﻢ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -1‬ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺎ ‪ Ubuntu‬ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪ Ubuntu -2‬ﻣﺤﺒﻮﺑﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻨﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻫﺎﻱ‬

‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺨﻮﺭﻳﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺳﻮﺍﻟﻲ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﺯﻭﺩ ﺗﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﺑﺮﺳﻴﺪ‪.‬ﻣﺜﻼ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻳﺖ‬

‫‪ forum.ubuntu.ir‬ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﺳﺎﺯﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﺗﻲ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -3‬ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻛﺎﺭ ‪ Ubuntu‬ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺯﻳﺒﺎﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

 ‫‪ UBUNTU 12.04‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪۱٦‬‬

‫‪ Ubuntu -4‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻫﺎ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺷﮕﻔﺖ ﺍﻧﮕﻴﺰﻱ ﺩﺭ ‪ 90‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺣﺘﻲ ﻳﻚ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻮﺭ‬

‫ﻫﻢ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -5‬ﺍﺯ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻲ ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -6‬ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -7‬ﺭﺍﻳﮕﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -8‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪ Gnome‬ﻭ ‪ KDE‬ﻭ ‪،XFAC‬ﺍﺯ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺯﻳﺒﺎﻱ ‪ Unity‬ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻴﺰﻛﺎﺭ ﭘﻴﺸﻔﺮﺽ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ‬

‫ﻣﻲ ﺑﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪ UBUNTU 12.04‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪۱۷‬‬

‫ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻱ ‪Ubuntu‬‬

‫ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻱ ‪ Ubuntu‬ﺩﺍﻧﻠﻮﺩ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﺭﺳﻤﻲ ﺍﻭﺑﻮﻧﺘﻮ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺭﺍﻳﺖ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻳﻚ‬

‫‪ CD‬ﻳﺎ ‪ DVD‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪).‬ﻣﻦ ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﺭﺳﻤﻲ ‪ Ubuntu‬ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ‪ Ubuntu.com‬ﺭﺍ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻢ‪(.‬‬

‫ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻣﺎ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﺭﺳﻤﻲ ‪ Ubuntu‬ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﻣﺎﻥ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪ 32 bit‬ﻳﺎ ‪64 bit‬‬

‫ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻧﻠﻮﺩ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪.‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﻧﻠﻮﺩ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪ iso‬ﺭﺍ ﺭﻭﻱ ‪ CD‬ﻳﺎ ‪ DVD‬ﺭﺍﻳﺖ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻭﻳﻨﺪﻭﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ‬

‫ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪ UltraISO Premium‬ﻳﺎ ‪ IsoBuster‬ﻳﺎ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪).‬ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺤﺎ‬

‫‪(UltraISO Premium‬‬

‫ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺍﻥ ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻛﺲ ﻫﻢ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ‪ k3b‬ﻳﺎ ‪ Brasero‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺭﺍﻳﺖ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﻳﺴﻚ ﻧﻮﺭﻱ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺭﺍﻩ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻭ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻓﻠﺶ ﻣﻤﻮﺭﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﺮﻳﺰﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺍﻥ ﻭﻳﻨﺪﻭﺯ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ‪ Pen Drive Linux‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻟﻴﻨﻚ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻫﻢ‬

‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬ﻓﻘﻂ ﺩﻗﺖ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﻮﺩ‬

‫‪ Ubuntu 12.04‬ﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪ UBUNTU 12.04‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪۱۸‬‬

‫‪http://www.pendrivelinux.com/universal-usb-installer-easy-as-1-2-3/‬‬

‫ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺍﻥ ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻛﺲ ﻫﻢ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ‪ Unebootin‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪http://unetbootin.sourceforge.net/‬‬

‫ﻳﻜﻲ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻱ ‪ Ubuntu‬ﺧﺮﻳﺪ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﻭﺷﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

 ‫‪ UBUNTU 12.04‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪۱۹‬‬

‫ﻧﺼﺐ ‪Ubuntu‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﺼﺐ ‪ Ubuntu‬ﺩﻳﺴﻚ ﻳﺎ ﻓﻠﺶ ﻣﻤﻮﺭﻱ ﺣﺎﻭﻱ ‪ Ubuntu‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﻮﺕ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪.‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻮﺕ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻱ ﺯﻳﺮ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺯ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﻄﻤﺌﻦ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻳﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﺼﺐ ‪ Ubuntu‬ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻫﺎﺭﺩ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻱ ‪Install‬‬

‫‪ Ubuntu‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻱ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻪ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪ UBUNTU 12.04‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪۲۰‬‬

‫ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻱ ﺍﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ‪ Ubuntu‬ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﻌﻠﻲ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ‬

‫ﺷﻤﺎ ﺣﺪ ﺍﻗﻞ ‪ 8‬ﮔﻴﮓ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ‪ Ubuntu‬ﻣﻲ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻫﺎﺭﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻱ ﺩﻭﻡ‪ :‬ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺣﺬﻑ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﻌﻠﻲ ﻭ ﻧﺼﺐ ‪ Ubuntu‬ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ‬

‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺷﻤﺎ ﭘﺎﻙ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻱ ﺳﻮﻡ‪ :‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﺏ ﻣﻴﻞ ﺷﻤﺎﺳﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬ﻣﺜﻼ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﺭﺗﻴﺸﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ‬

‫ﭘﺎﻙ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﺼﺐ ‪ Ubuntu‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﺪ ﻫﻴﭻ ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﺭﺗﻴﺸﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺣﺬﻑ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻱ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻪ ﻭ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻱ ‪ Try Ubuntu‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ‬

‫ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ‪ Gparted‬ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﭘﺎﺭﺗﻴﺸﻦ ﺩﻟﺨﻮﺍﻩ ﺗﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬

‫ﻓﻌﻠﻲ ﺗﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻭﻳﻨﺪﻭﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺁﻳﻜﻦ ‪ Computer‬ﻛﻠﻴﻚ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻱ ‪ Manage‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﭙﺲ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻨﺠﺮﻩ ﻱ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺩﺭ ﺳﻤﺖ ﭼﭗ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻱ ‪ Disk Management‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪ UBUNTU 12.04‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪۲۱‬‬

‫ﺳﭙﺲ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﺪ ﺩﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎﺩﺭ ﻭﺳﻂ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﺎﺭﺗﻴﺸﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻭﺳﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺁﻥ ﻛﻢ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‬

‫ﻛﻠﻴﻚ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻱ …‪ Shrink Volume‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻓﻮﻕ ﭘﻨﺠﺮﻩ ﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻱ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻨﺠﺮﻩ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﻛﺎﺩﺭ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬

‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﮕﺎﺑﺎﻳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﺩﺭ ﺳﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻱ ‪ Shrink‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪ UBUNTU 12.04‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪۲۲‬‬

‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺩﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺼﺐ ‪ Ubuntu‬ﺑﺮ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﺪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻱ …‪something else‬‬

‫ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ‪ Continue‬ﭘﻨﺠﺮﻩ ﻱ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﭘﺎﺭﺗﻴﺸﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻛﺲ ﺣﺘﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﻢ‪.‬‬

‫‪ Ubuntu‬ﺣﺪ ﺍﻗﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﭘﺎﺭﺗﻴﺸﻦ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬ﺍﻭﻟﻲ ﭘﺎﺭﺗﻴﺸﻦ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺭﻳﺸﻪ ﻭ ﺩﻭﻣﻲ ﭘﺎﺭﺗﻴﺸﻨﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﻱ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪ UBUNTU 12.04‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪۲۳‬‬

‫ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻭﻝ ﭘﺎﺭﺗﻴﺸﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻱ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺭﻭﻱ ‪ Add‬ﻛﻠﻴﻚ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪.‬ﺗﺎ ﭘﻨﺠﺮﻩ ﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻱ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻨﺠﺮﻩ ‪ Type for the new partition‬ﺭﺍ ‪Logical‬‬

‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ‪ New partition size in megabytes‬ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻓﻀﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ ‪ RAM‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻳﺎ ﻛﻤﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬

‫ﺩﻫﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻻﺧﺮﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ‪ Use as‬ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻱ ‪ swap area‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ‪ OK‬ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﭘﺎﺭﺗﻴﺸﻦ ﺭﻳﺸﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﻛﻠﻴﻚ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﻭ ‪ Add‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺰﻧﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ‪Type for the new‬‬

‫‪ partition‬ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻱ ‪ Primary‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪،‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ‪ Use as‬ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ‪ Ext4‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ‪Mount‬‬

‫‪ point‬ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻱ ‪ /‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬ﻭ ‪ OK‬ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

 ‫‪ UBUNTU 12.04‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪۲٤‬‬

‫ﺳﭙﺲ ﺭﻭﻱ ‪ Install Now‬ﻛﻠﻴﻚ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻛﻠﻴﻚ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬

‫ﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ‪ Continue‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺰﻧﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ‪ Persian‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﻭ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻱ ‪ Continue‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻧﺼﺐ ‪ Ubuntu‬ﺁﻏﺎﺯ‬

‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ UBUNTU 12.04‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪۲٥‬‬
 ‫‪ UBUNTU 12.04‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪۲٦‬‬

‫‪Unity‬‬

‫‪ Unity‬ﻳﻚ ﺭﺍﺑﻂ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻴﺰﻛﺎﺭ ‪ Gnome‬ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ‪ Canonical‬ﻭ ﺗﻴﻢ ‪ Ubuntu‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻳﻦ‬

‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 2010‬ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ‪ Ubuntu 10,04‬ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻫﺪﻑ‬

‫ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ‪ Ubuntu‬ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺗﻠﻮﻳﺰﻳﻮﻥ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺗﺒﻠﺖ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬ﻫﻢ ﺍﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ‪ Ubuntu 12.04‬ﺍﺯ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﻱ‬

‫‪ Unity 5,10‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺰﻳﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻛﺎﺭ‪،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -1‬ﻣﻴﺰﻛﺎﺭ )‪(Desktop‬‬

‫‪ -2‬ﭘﻨﻞ )‪(Panel‬‬

‫‪ -3‬ﺍﺟﺮﺍﮔﺮ )‪(Launcher‬‬

‫‪ -4‬ﺩﺍﺷﺒﻮﺭﺩ‬

‫ﻣﻴﺰﻛﺎﺭ )‪(Desktop‬‬

‫ﻣﻴﺰ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﭘﻨﺠﺮﻩ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪ UBUNTU 12.04‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪۲۷‬‬

‫ﭘﻨﻞ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﺍﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪،‬ﭘﻨﻞ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﭘﻨﻞ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺩﻭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬

‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺳﻤﺖ ﭼﭗ ﻫﻤﻴﺸﻪ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻱ ﻧﻤﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺍﻣﺎ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻨﺠﺮﻩ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﻳﻢ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻲ‬

‫ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺳﻤﺖ ﭼﭗ ﻣﻨﻮﻱ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﺎﺕ‪،‬ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﻮﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﻭ‪...‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﭘﻨﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻋﺎﺩﻱ‬

‫ﻧﺎﻡ ﭘﻨﺠﺮﻩ ﻱ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺾ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻨﻮﻱ ﭘﻨﺠﺮﻩ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻨﻮﻱ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻮ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻭ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻭ ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺵ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻭ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻭ‪ ...‬ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ‬

‫ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻨﻮﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

 ‫‪ UBUNTU 12.04‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪۲۸‬‬

‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﻭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻢ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺻﺪﺍ‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺻﺪﺍ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻢ ﻭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻫﻨﮓ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﻳﺎ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺻﺪﺍ‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻨﻮﻱ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻮ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺑﻲ ﺳﻴﻢ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻨﻮﻱ ﻣﻦ‬
 ‫‪ UBUNTU 12.04‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪۲۹‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻮ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺍﻳﻤﻴﻞ ﺧﻮﺩ‪،‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻨﻮﻱ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍﮔﺮ‬

‫ﺳﻤﺖ ﭼﭗ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻧﻮﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﮔﺮ ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﭘﻨﺠﺮﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﮔﺮ‬

‫ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ)ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪ Taskbar‬ﺩﺭ ﻭﻳﻨﺪﻭﺯ(ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﺗﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪،‬ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﮔﺮ ﻧﮕﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﺪ‪.‬ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺁﻳﻜﻦ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍﮔﺮ ﻛﻠﻴﻚ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ‪ Lock to launcher‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﺬﻑ ﻳﻚ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﮔﺮ‪،‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻠﻴﻚ‬

‫ﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺁﻳﻜﻦ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻱ ‪ Unlock from launcher‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﺁﻳﻜﻦ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﮔﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺁﻳﻜﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻛﻠﻴﻚ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ‪ Desktop‬ﺑﻜﺸﻴﺪ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻞ‬

‫ﺩﻟﺨﻮﺍﻩ ﺑﻜﺸﻴﺪ‪).‬ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﻛﻤﻪ ﻣﺎﻭﺱ ﺭﺍ ﺭﻫﺎ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ(‬
 ‫‪ UBUNTU 12.04‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪۳۰‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻱ ﺁﻳﻜﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﮔﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﺮﻭﻳﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪System Settings→Appearance‬‬

‫ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ‪ Launcher icon size‬ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺁﻳﻜﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﮔﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺍﺷﺒﻮﺭﺩ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺒﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -1‬ﻛﻠﻴﻚ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺁﻳﻜﻦ ‪ Ubuntu‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﮔﺮ‬

‫‪ -2‬ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻥ ﺩﻛﻤﻪ ﻱ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ)ﻭﻳﻨﺪﻭﺯ( ﺩﺭ ﻛﻴﺒﺮﺩ‬

‫ﺩﺍﺷﺒﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺯ ‪ 4‬ﺑﺨﺶ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -1‬ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺸﮕﺮ‬

‫‪ -2‬ﻛﺎﺩﺭ ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮ‬

‫‪ -3‬ﻟﻨﺰ ﻫﺎ‬
 ‫‪ UBUNTU 12.04‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪۳۱‬‬

‫‪ -4‬ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ‬

‫ﺩﺍﺷﺒﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ‪ 5‬ﻟﻨﺰ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬ﻟﻨﺰ ﺧﺎﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺳﻴﻘﻲ ﻭ ﻓﻴﻠﻢ‪.‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻟﻨﺰ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺭﺍﺣﺖ ﺗﺮ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬

‫ﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻟﻨﺰ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻭﻳﻜﻲ ﭘﺪﻳﺎ ﻭ ‪ ...‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻟﻨﺰ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪ UBUNTU 12.04‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪۳۲‬‬

‫ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺼﺐ‬

‫ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ‪ root‬ﺩﺭ ‪Ubuntu‬‬

‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ‪ Ubuntu‬ﺭﺍ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻥ ‪ log in‬ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ‬

‫ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ‪ root‬ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﭘﺴﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ‪ root‬ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺗﺎ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ‪ log in‬ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪:‬‬

‫‪sudo passwd root‬‬

‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﭘﺴﻮﺭﺩ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺲ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ )‪ (switch user‬ﺩﺭ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻨﺎﻝ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ‪ root‬ﻭﺍﺭﺩ‬

‫ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪su‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﺭﻳﺸﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﻜﻲ ‪ Alt+F2‬ﺭﺍ ﺯﺩﻩ ﺳﭙﺲ ﻣﺘﻦ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﺎﻳﭗ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪gksu nautilus‬‬

‫ﻧﺼﺐ ﻛﺎﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ ‪NVIDIA‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ ﺩﻭ ﺭﺍ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -1‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ‪Additional Drivers‬‬

‫‪ -2‬ﺩﺍﻧﻠﻮﺩ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻮﺭ ﻭ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺩﺳﺘﻲ ﺁﻥ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ‪Additional Drivers‬‬

‫ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﻳﻢ‪:‬‬

‫‪System Settings→Additional Drivers‬‬

‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ‪،‬ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺍﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﻧﻠﻮﺩ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻮﺭ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻭ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪ UBUNTU 12.04‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪۳۳‬‬

‫ﺩﺍﻧﻠﻮﺩ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻮﺭ ﻭ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺩﺳﺘﻲ ﺁﻥ‬

‫ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﻧﻠﻮﺩ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻳﻪ ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﻛﺎﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ‪www.nvidia.com‬‬

‫ﺭﻓﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻫﻢ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻮﺭ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ‬

‫ﺍﺯﺁﻥ ﺩﺍﻧﻠﻮﺩ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪www.driverscollection.com/?V=NVidia&S=1‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻟﻴﺴﺘﻲ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻛﺎﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ‪ NVIDIA‬ﺭﺍ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﺪ ﺩﻳﺪ‪.‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ‬

‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺩﺍﻧﻠﻮﺩ ﺑﺮﻭﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﻗﺖ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺘﻤﺎ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻮﺭ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﻛﺎﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ ﺧﻮﺩ)ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻛﺲ ‪ (32bit/64bit‬ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﻧﻠﻮﺩ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬ﻣﺜﻼ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻃﺒﻖ‬

‫ﻛﺎﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﻜﻢ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻮﺭ ‪ NVIDIA Geforce 210‬ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﻧﻠﻮﺩ ﻛﻨﻢ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﻧﻠﻮﺩ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻓﺎﻳﻠﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎﻣﻲ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﺪ‪NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-295.53.run :‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪ Ctrl+Alt+F1‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺰﻧﻴﺪ‪.‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺭﻣﺰ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﺭﻳﺸﻪ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ‬

‫ﺷﻮﻳﺪ)ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ‪ su‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪(.‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ‪ x server‬ﺭﺍ ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺵ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪service lightdm stop‬‬

‫ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ‪ cd‬ﺑﻪ ﻓﻮﻟﺪﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﻭﻳﺪ‪.‬ﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ)ﻓﺮﺽ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯ‬

‫ﻛﺎﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ ‪ NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-295.53.run‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪(.‬‬

‫‪sh ./ NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-295.53.run‬‬

‫ﺳﭙﺲ ‪ Accept‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺭﺍ ﻃﻲ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪ Ctrl+Alt+Delete‬ﺭﺍ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺩﻫﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪ UBUNTU 12.04‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪۳٤‬‬

‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ‪ mesa-utils‬ﻧﺼﺐ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ‪ Details‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﺪ ﺩﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻮﺭ ﻧﺎﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬ﺷﻤﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ‪ mesa-utils‬ﺭﺍ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﺼﺐ ‪ mesa-utils‬ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ‪ Software Center‬ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﺮﻭﻳﻢ‪:‬‬

‫‪System Settings→Keyboard Layout‬‬

‫ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻠﻴﻚ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻋﻼﻣﺖ ‪ +‬ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ‪ Add‬ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪ UBUNTU 12.04‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪۳٥‬‬

‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﺑﺨﻮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻫﺎ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﻫﻴﻢ‪،‬ﺭﻭﻱ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻱ ‪ Options‬ﻛﻠﻴﻚ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ‪Key(s) to‬‬

‫‪ change layout‬ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺧﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪ Alt+Shift) .‬ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ(‬

‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﺮﻭﻳﻢ‪:‬‬

‫‪System Settings→Time & Date‬‬

 ‫‪ UBUNTU 12.04‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪۳٦‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﭘﻨﺠﺮﻩ ﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ‪،‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻛﻠﻴﻚ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ‪ Set the time‬ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻱ ‪ Manually‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﻭ‬

‫ﺳﭙﺲ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺭﺍ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﺑﺮگ ‪ Clock‬ﺑﺮﻭﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﺼﺐ ‪Font‬‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻴﺪﻫﺪ‪،‬ﻧﺼﺐ ‪ Font‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ‪ Ubuntu‬ﻫﻢ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻭﻳﻨﺪﻭﺯ ﻧﺼﺐ ‪ Font‬ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬ﻓﻘﻂ ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺴﺖ ‪ Font‬ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻛﭙﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪/home/yaser/.fonts‬‬

‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻮﺷﻪ ﻱ ‪ .fonts‬ﭘﻨﻬﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﺑﺮگ ‪ View‬ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻱ ‪Show Hidden‬‬

‫‪ Files‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ )ﺍﺯ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ ‪ Ctrl+H‬ﻫﻢ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ (.‬ﺗﺎ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻓﻮﻟﺪﺭ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻨﻬﺎﻥ ﺁﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪ UBUNTU 12.04‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪۳۷‬‬

‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻮﺷﻪ )‪ (.fonts‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﺧﻮﺩﺗﺎﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺴﺎﺯﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﻗﻠﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺨﺎﺯﻥ ‪ Ubuntu‬ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪sudo apt-get install language-support-fonts-fa‬‬

‫ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺟﻠﻮﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﻜﻲ‬

‫ﻳﻜﻲ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪،‬ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺟﻠﻮﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﻜﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﻠﻮﻩ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﻛﺎﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ‪CompizConfig Setting‬‬
‫‪ Manager‬ﺭﺍ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﺟﻮﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﻜﻲ ﺯﻳﺒﺎﻳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪ UBUNTU 12.04‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪۳۸‬‬

‫ﻧﺼﺐ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ‬

‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺼﺐ ‪ Ubuntu‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻫﺮ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﺨﺎﺯﻥ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻣﺨﺎﺯﻥ ﺧﻮﺩﺗﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ‬

‫ﺁﭘﺪﻳﺖ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ‪ ubuntu software center‬ﺭﻭ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﻩ‬

‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺭﺍﺣﺖ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺁﻥ ﺁﭘﺪﻳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻨﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ).‬ﺁﭘﺪﻳﺖ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻣﺨﺎﺯﻥ ﻳﺎ ‪ Repository‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ ﭼﻴﺰﻱ‬

‫ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 10Mb‬ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻓﻌﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 2Mb‬ﻳﺎ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ(‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﭘﺪﻳﺖ ﻣﺨﺎﺯﻥ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻨﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade‬‬

‫ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻭ ﭘﺮﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺩﺭ ‪ Ubuntu‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ‪ Software Center‬ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺯﻳﺮ‬

‫ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﻮﻳﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪Applications→Ubuntu Software Center‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ‪.‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ ADSL‬ﻳﺎ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜﺲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻳﺪ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﻳﺴﻚ ﻫﺎﻱ‬
 ‫‪ UBUNTU 12.04‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪۳۹‬‬

‫ﻣﺨﺎﺯﻥ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺧﺮﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪،‬ﺗﺎ ﻣﺠﺒﻮﺭ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﻴﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ‬

‫ﺩﺍﻧﻠﻮﺩ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺩﺭ ‪ Ubuntu‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻨﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻋﻼﻗﻪ ﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺍﻥ ﺣﺮﻓﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺗﺮ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﭼﻮﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﻗﺪﺭﺗﻤﻨﺪ ﺗﺮ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﻜﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ‪ apt-get‬ﻳﻚ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺧﻂ ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﻳﻚ‬

‫ﺭﺍﺑﻂ ﺧﻮﺏ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺎ ‪) APT‬ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻱ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻛﻪ ‪ Ubuntu‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ( ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺍﻧﻠﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻨﺎﻝ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ ‪:‬‬

‫‪sudo aptitude install x‬‬

‫‪sudo apt-get install x‬‬

‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ‪ x‬ﻧﺎﻡ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻱ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬ﻣﺜﻼ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ‪ VLC‬ﻭ ﻛﺪﻙ‬

‫ﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻮﺗﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪:‬‬

‫‪sudo apt-get install vlc‬‬

‫‪sudo apt-get install ubuntu-restricted-extras‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺣﺘﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺭﺍﻩ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻫﻢ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬ﺩﺭ ﻭﻳﻨﺪﻭﺯ‬

‫ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﻧﻠﻮﺩ ﻳﺎ ﺧﺮﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺁﻥ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻛﺮﺩ‪،‬ﺩﺭ ‪ Ubuntu‬ﻫﻢ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬

‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪ Ubuntu‬ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﭘﺴﻮﻧﺪ ‪ deb‬ﻳﺎ ‪ tarball‬ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﻢ‪:‬‬

‫‪deb‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺩﻭ ﺭﺍﻩ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪،‬ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﻛﻠﻴﻚ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﻭ ﺯﺩﻥ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻱ ‪ Install package‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪ UBUNTU 12.04‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪٤۰‬‬

‫ﺭﺍﻩ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻨﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬

‫‪sudo dpkg -r x.deb‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺭﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭ ‪ x‬ﻧﺎﻡ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪tarball‬‬

‫ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺴﻮﻧﺪ ‪ tar.gz‬ﻭ‪ tgz‬ﻭ ‪ tar.bz2‬ﻭ ‪ tar‬ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺡ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪ tarball‬ﻣﻲ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺮﻣﺖ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ‬

‫ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻠﻴﻚ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ‬

‫ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻱ ‪ Extract Here‬ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻨﺎﻝ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ‬

‫ﻛﺮﺩ‪:‬‬

‫‪tar -xvzf filename.tar.gz‬‬

‫ﺣﺎﻝ ﻳﻚ ﻓﻮﻟﺪﺭ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺳﺎﺧﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺎﻭﻱ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻮﻟﺪﺭ ﻓﺎﻳﻠﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎﻡ ‪ install‬ﻳﺎ ‪ readme‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬

‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﻱ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﺍﻣﺎ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬

‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ‪ cd‬ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻓﻮﻟﺪﺭ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻳﻢ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪:‬‬

‫‪./configure‬‬

‫‪make‬‬

‫‪make check‬‬

‫‪make install‬‬

‫ﺷﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺍﻧﻠﻮﺩ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺴﻮﻧﺪ ‪ rpm‬ﺑﺮ ﺑﺨﻮﺭﻳﺪ‪،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺴﻮﻧﺪ‪،‬ﭘﺴﻮﻧﺪ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ‬

‫‪ Redhat‬ﺍﺳﺖ)ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪.(OpenSUSE,Fedora,Redhat‬ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻓﺎﻳﻠﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺴﻮﻧﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﻧﻠﻮﺩ ﻛﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﺑﺎ‬

‫ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ‪ alien‬ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﻣﺖ ‪ deb‬ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻨﺎﻝ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪:‬‬
 ‫‪ UBUNTU 12.04‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪٤۱‬‬

‫‪sudo apt-get install alien‬‬

‫ﭘﺲ ﺯ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪sudo alien filename.rpm‬‬

‫ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ‪ var/cach/apt/archives‬ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﺑﺎ‬

‫‪ Backup‬ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻮﻟﺪﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻓﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﻧﺼﺐ ‪ Ubuntu‬ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

 ‫‪ UBUNTU 12.04‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪٤۲‬‬

‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ‬

‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻫﺮ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻲ‪،‬ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻫﺎ‪،‬ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻛﺎﻧﻜﺸﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ‬

‫ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻛﺎﻧﻜﺸﻦ ‪ ADSL,Dial-up,Mobile Broadband‬ﺭﺍ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﻢ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻛﺎﻧﻜﺸﻦ ‪ADSL‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ‪ ADSL‬ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ‪ Dash Home‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ ﻭ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ‪ Network connection‬ﺭﺍ ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ ﻭ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ‬

‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﺑﺮگ ‪ DSL‬ﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﻳﻢ ﻭ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻱ ‪ Add‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪.‬‬

 ‫‪ UBUNTU 12.04‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪٤۳‬‬

‫ﺣﺎﻝ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻱ ‪ Save‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻛﺎﻧﻜﺸﻦ ‪Mobile Broadband‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﻮﺑﺎﻳﻞ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ‪ Dash Home‬ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ‪ Network connection‬ﺭﺍ ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬

‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻨﺠﺮﻩ ﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﺑﺮگ ‪ Mobile Broadband‬ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻱ ‪ Add‬ﻛﻠﻴﻚ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﭘﻨﺠﺮﻩ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‪،‬ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ‪ Connection‬ﺭﺍ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪).‬ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻭ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﻭ‪ (...‬ﺗﺎ ‪ Connection‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ‬

‫ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻛﺎﻧﻜﺸﻦ ‪Dial-up‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ‪ Dial-up‬ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﭼﻴﺰ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﻣﻮﺩﻡ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﻮﺩﻡ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﻮﺩﻡ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ‬

‫ﺑﺪﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻫﻢ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻣﻮﺩﻡ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ‪ Modem Scan‬ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﻧﻠﻮﺩ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﻮﺩﻡ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻓﻬﻤﻴﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻮﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻛﺲ ﺑﮕﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ‪ Dial-up‬ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻟﻴﻨﻚ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﻜﺮﻳﭙﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎﻡ ‪ cnxtinstall.run‬ﺩﺍﻧﻠﻮﺩ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﻮﺩﻣﺘﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﻜﺮﻳﭙﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺭﺍﺣﺖ ﺗﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪ UBUNTU 12.04‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪٤٤‬‬

‫‪www.linuxant.com/drivers/hsf/full/archive/cnxtinstall.run‬‬

‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﻧﻠﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻮﺭ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﻣﻮﺩﻡ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻨﺎﻝ ﺷﻮﻳﺪ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﺭﻳﺸﻪ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﻮﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ‬

‫ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪pppconfig‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻱ ‪ Create‬ﻛﻠﻴﻚ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ‪ provider‬ﻧﺎﻡ ‪ Connection‬ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

 ‫‪ UBUNTU 12.04‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪٤٥‬‬

‫ﺳﭙﺲ ‪ Username‬ﻭ ‪ Password‬ﻭ ‪ Phone Number‬ﺭﺍ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎ ‪ Finish‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺑﻌﺪ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻱ ‪ PAP‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻭ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻨﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪pon connection name‬‬

‫‪poff‬‬
 ‫‪ UBUNTU 12.04‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪٤٦‬‬

‫‪Terminal‬‬

‫ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻨﺪ ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﺠﺒﻮﺭ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩﺷﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﮔﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺡ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻨﺎﻝ ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﺪ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﺒﻮﺗﺮ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺒﻴﻨﻨﺪ ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﻢ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺡ‬

‫ﺭﺍﻳﺞ ﺷﺪ!‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻛﺲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻛﺮﺩ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺭﺍﺑﻂ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ ﻛﻪ ‪ SHELL‬ﻳﺎ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﺪ ﻭ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻨﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺗﺮ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬

‫ﻫﺎﻱ ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻛﺲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺪ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻲ )ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻲ( ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻨﺎﻝ ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻛﺲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪ Dos‬ﺩﺭ ﻭﻳﻨﺪﻭﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ‬

‫ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺗﺮ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﺎﻡ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻨﺎﻝ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‪ Bash:‬ﻭ ‪ command-line‬ﻭﺧﻂ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻨﺎﻝ ﻫﻢ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪ Dos‬ﺍﺯ ﻛﺪ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻢ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﻛﺪ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻭ ﭘﺮ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻨﺎﻝ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺩﻫﻢ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻨﺎﻝ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ‪ Dash Home‬ﻛﻠﻤﻪ ﻱ ‪ Terminal‬ﺭﺍ ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻨﺎﻝ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪ UBUNTU 12.04‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪٤۷‬‬

‫ﻧﻜﺘﻪ‪:‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻨﺎﻝ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺮﻭﻑ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺣﺮﻭﻑ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﻭ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻗﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻳﻢ‪.‬‬

‫‪yaser@yaser-PC:~$‬‬ ‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻨﺎﻝ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺧﻂ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‪:‬‬

‫ﺣﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﻳﻢ‪:‬‬

‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ @ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﻱ ﺷﻤﺎﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ‪ :‬ﻭ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ‪ $‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺩﺍﻳﺮﻛﺘﻮﺭﻱ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻜﺘﻪ‪ ~ :‬ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ‪ /home/yaser‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ‪cd‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ‪ cd‬ﺩﺭ ‪ Dos‬ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﻭ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻮﻟﺪﺭ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ‬

‫‪ cd‬ﺭﺍ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻓﻮﻟﺪﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺭﻭﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻴﻢ‪.‬‬

‫‪yaser@yaser-PC:~$ cd Downloads‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻮﻟﺪﺭ ﻱ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪.‬‬

‫‪cd ..‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻳﺸﻪ ‪ root‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺪ ﺭﺍ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪.‬‬

‫‪cd /‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻛﺮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺁﻥ ﺷﻮﻳﻢ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺯﻳﺮ‬

‫‪cd /home/yaser/Downloads‬‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ‪ls‬‬
 ‫‪ UBUNTU 12.04‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪٤۸‬‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﻳﻚ ﻓﻮﻟﺪﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﻓﻮﻟﺪﺭ ﺟﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ‬

‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪yaser@yaser-PC:~$ ls‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪:‬‬

‫‪yaser@yaser-PC:~$ ls /home/yaser/Downloads‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺳﻮﺋﻴﭻ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻫﻢ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻮﺋﻴﭻ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻱ ‪ –a‬ﺳﻮﺋﻴﭻ‬

‫ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﮕﺬﺍﺭﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪yaser@yaser-PC:~$ ls /home -a‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻮﺋﻴﭻ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻓﻮﻟﺪﺭ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﻔﻲ ﻭ ‪ ...‬ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-a‬‬

‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪ -a‬ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻘﺎﻭﺕ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ '‪ '.‬ﻭ '‪ '..‬ﺭﺍ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﭼﻨﺪﺍﻧﻲ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-A‬‬

‫ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻣﺮﺗﺐ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-x‬‬

‫ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﺮﺗﺐ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-t‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻓﻮﻟﺪﺭ ﻫﺎ)ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺑﺎﻳﺖ( ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-s‬‬

‫‪ -S‬ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻣﺮﺗﺐ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ‪pwd‬‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺟﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ‪ pwd ،‬ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎﻳﭗ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ‪ Enter‬ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ‬

‫ﺯﻧﻴﻢ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ‪cp‬‬
 ‫‪ UBUNTU 12.04‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪٤۹‬‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﭙﻲ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﺎ ﻓﺎﻳﻠﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎﻡ ‪ yaser.jpg‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺨﻮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻮﻟﺪﺭ‬

‫‪ /home/yaser/Downloads‬ﻛﭙﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪:‬‬

‫‪yaser@yaser-PC:~/Desktop$ cp yaser.jpg /home/yaser/downloads‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ‪ 3‬ﺳﻮﺋﻴﭻ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺳﻮﺋﻴﭻ ‪ -r‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﭙﻲ ﻓﻮﻟﺪﺭ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﺩ‪.‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ‪،‬ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎﻳﭗ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ‪،‬ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺬﺍﺭﻳﻢ ﻭ ﺳﻮﺋﻴﭻ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎﻳﭗ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ‪mv‬‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻓﻮﻟﺪﺭ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺑﺨﻮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ‪ yaser.jpg‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ‬

‫‪ /home/yaser/Downloads‬ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺩﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎﻳﭗ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪:‬‬

‫‪yaser@yaser-PC:~/Desktop$ mv yaser.jpg /home/yaser/Downloads‬‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ‪rm‬‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺣﺬﻑ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺑﺨﻮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ‪ yaser.jpg‬ﺭﺍ ﺣﺬﻑ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪:‬‬

‫‪yaser@yaser-PC:~$ rm yaser.jpg‬‬

‫ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺳﻮﺋﻴﭻ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ‪ –r‬ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻭ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺳﻮﺋﻴﭻ ‪ –r‬ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ‪ cp‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬ﻣﺜﻼ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﺬﻑ‬

‫ﻓﻮﻟﺪﺭ ‪ kavir‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ‪ /home/yaser/kavir‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎﻳﭗ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪:‬‬

‫‪yaser@yaser-PC:~$ rm /home/yaser/kavir –r‬‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ‪su‬‬
 ‫‪ UBUNTU 12.04‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪٥۰‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻛﺲ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺩﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻣﺎ ﻫﺴﺘﻴﻢ ﻭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ‪ root‬ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪ Administrator‬ﺩﺭ ﻭﻳﻨﺪﻭﺯ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ‪ root‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻣﺎ ‪ su‬ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎﻳﭗ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ‪ Enter‬ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺯﻧﻴﻢ ﺳﭙﺲ‬

‫ﭘﺴﻮﺭﺩ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ‪ root‬ﺭﺍ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ ﻭ ﺩﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ‪.Enter‬‬

‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺧﻂ ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻥ ‪ #‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ‪ root‬ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ‪ $‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ‪ standard‬ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻳﺪ‪.‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬

‫ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ‪ root‬ﻫﻢ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ‪ exit‬ﺭﺍ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ‪sudo‬‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺨﻮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﻫﻴﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬

‫ﺑﻴﺎﻭﺭﺩ‪.‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﭘﺎﺭﺗﻴﺸﻦ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ‪.‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻫﻢ ‪ sudo‬ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎﻳﭗ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺭﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺗﺎﻳﭗ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ ﻭ ‪Enter‬‬

‫ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺯﻧﻴﻢ‪،‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﭘﺴﻮﺭﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ‪.Enter‬‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ‪man‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﺳﺖ‪.‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪،‬ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ ﺩﺭﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻲ‬

‫ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬ﻣﺜﻼ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ‪ pwd‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪:‬‬

‫‪yaser@yaser-PC:~$ man pwd‬‬

‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﻬﺘﻲ‪ Page Up،Home،End،‬ﻭ‬

‫‪ Page down‬ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺒﻴﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ‪ q‬ﺭﺍ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ‪mkdir‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻳﻚ ﻓﻮﻟﺪﺭ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ‪ mkdir‬ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎﻳﭗ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻓﻮﻟﺪﺭ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺭﺍ‬

‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺗﺎﻳﭗ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪.‬ﻣﺜﻼ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻳﻚ ﻓﻮﻟﺪﺭ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎﻡ ‪ kavir‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪:‬‬

‫‪yaser@yaser-PC:~$ mkdir kavir‬‬

 ‫‪ UBUNTU 12.04‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪٥۱‬‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ‪rmdir‬‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﺬﻑ ﻓﻮﻟﺪﺭ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ‪ mkdir‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ‪./‬‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﺭﺍ‬

‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻨﻮﻳﺴﻴﻢ‪).‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻴﻐﺎﻡ ‪ Permission denied‬ﺭﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﺪ ﺷﺪ‪(.‬‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ‪apt-get‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﺼﺐ‪،‬ﺣﺬﻑ ﻭ ﺁﭘﺪﻳﺖ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻛﺲ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﺩ‪.‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻋﻤﻞ‬

‫ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪:‬‬

‫‪yaser@yaser-PC:~$ sudo apt-get install vlc‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻱ ‪ vlc‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﺨﺎﺯﻥ ﺭﺳﻤﻲ ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻛﺲ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﻧﻠﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﺬﻑ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪:‬‬

‫‪yaser@yaser-PC:~$ sudo apt-get remove vlc‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺭﺗﻘﺎﻉ ﻭ ﺁﭘﺪﻳﺖ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻛﺲ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﺪ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ‬

‫ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺁﭘﺪﻳﺖ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮﺗﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻨﻮﻳﺴﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪yaser@yaser-PC:~$ sudo apt-get upgrade‬‬

‫ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺳﻮﺋﻴﭻ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ‪ –f‬ﻭ ‪ –d‬ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -d‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺩﺍﻧﻠﻮﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻣﺎ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻧﺸﻮﺩ‪ -f.‬ﻫﻢ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺧﺮﺍﺏ‬

‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺎ ﺑﺨﻮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ‪history‬‬
 ‫‪ UBUNTU 12.04‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪٥۲‬‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﺑﺨﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻨﺎﻝ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺒﻴﻨﺪ‪.‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ‬

‫ﺑﺨﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ‪ 10‬ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺒﻴﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻠﻤﻪ ﻱ ‪ history‬ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻋﺪﺩ ‪ 10‬ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎﻳﭗ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪yaser@yaser-PC:~$ history 10‬‬

‫‪yaser@yaser-PC:~$ history –c‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﺎﻙ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ‪ history‬ﻫﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﺋﻴﭻ ‪ –c‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ‪file‬‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎﺗﻲ ﻣﺒﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺴﻮﻧﺪ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎﺕ ﭘﺴﻮﻧﺪ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ‬

‫‪ index.html‬ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪:‬‬

‫‪yaser@yaser-PC:~$ file index.html‬‬

‫‪index.html: HTML document text‬‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪:‬‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ‪nano‬‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻭﻳﺮﺍﻳﺶ ﻭ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻨﻲ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺑﺨﻮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﻓﺎﻳﻠﻲ ﻣﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ‪ yaser.txt‬ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ‬

‫ﻛﻨﻴﻢ ﻳﺎ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪:‬‬

‫‪yaser@yaser-PC:~$ nano yaser.txt‬‬

‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻦ ﻣﺘﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪ Ctrl+X‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪.‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﻫﺎ ﻫﻢ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ‪stat‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﻳﺎ ﻓﻮﻟﺪﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮﻣﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﻫﻢ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻓﻮﻟﺪﺭ ﻳﺎ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬

‫ﻧﻈﺮﻣﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺭﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ‪ stat‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻴﻢ‪.‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪yaser@yaser-PC:~$ stat yaser.jpg‬‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ‪logout‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ‪reboot‬‬
 ‫‪ UBUNTU 12.04‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪٥۳‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺠﺪﺩﺍ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ‪ root‬ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﻮﻳﺪ‪).‬ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ‪(su‬‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ‪halt‬‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺵ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ‪ root‬ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﻮﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ‪bunzip2,bzip2,tar,gzip,gunzip‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﺕ ‪ bunzip2,bzip2,tar gzip,gunzip‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪bunzip2,bzip2‬‬
‫‪yaser@yaser-PC:~$ bzip y.jpg‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻳﻚ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪ y.jpg‬ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪:‬‬

‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﻓﻮﻕ ﭘﺴﻮﺩﻧﺪ ‪ bz2‬ﺑﻪ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﻫﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ‪ bunzip2‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﻫﻢ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪gunzip,gzip‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﻫﻢ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ gzip،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻭ ‪ gunzip‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪tar‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻤﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺮ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺒﻮﺏ ﺗﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﻭ ﻓﻮﻟﺪﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‪:‬‬

‫]ﻧﺎﻡ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻓﻮﻟﺪﺭ ﻫﺎ[ ]ﻧﺎﻡ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ[ ]ﺳﻮﺋﻴﭻ ﻫﺎ[ ‪yaser@yaser-PC:~$ tar‬‬

‫ﺳﻮﺋﻴﭻ ﻫﺎ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -c‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻳﻚ ﺁﺭﺷﻴﻮ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -t‬ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪ tar‬ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -v‬ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺁﺭﺷﻴﻮ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ‬

‫‪ -k‬ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ ﺭﺍ ﻧﮕﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -j‬ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ‪ tar‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ‪ bzip2‬ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

 ‫‪ UBUNTU 12.04‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪٥٤‬‬

‫‪ -z‬ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ‪ tar‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ‪ gzip‬ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ‪ tar‬ﻋﻤﻼ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﺭﺍ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪،‬ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﺟﺎﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ‬

‫ﻛﻨﻴﻢ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺳﻮﺋﻴﭻ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪ –j‬ﻳﺎ ‪ –z‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪.‬ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻮﺋﻴﭻ ‪ -j‬ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺍﻳﻢ ﭘﺴﻮﻧﺪ ‪ tbz‬ﻭ‬

‫ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻮﺋﻴﭻ ‪ –z‬ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﭘﺴﻮﻧﺪ ‪ tgz‬ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺑﺨﻮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ‪ yaser.jpg‬ﻭ ﻓﻮﻟﺪﺭ ‪ kavir‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ‪ tar‬ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ ﻭ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ‪yaser.tgz‬‬

‫ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺑﻴﺎﻭﺭﻳﻢ‪،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪:‬‬

‫‪yaser@yaser-PC:~$ tar –z yaser.tgz /home/yaser/kavir yaser.jpg‬‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﺕ ‪rar,unrar‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪ rar‬ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﭘﻴﺸﻔﺮﺽ ﺩﺭ ‪ Ubuntu‬ﻧﺼﺐ‬

‫ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺨﺎﺯﻥ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺘﻲ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪sudo apt-get install rar‬‬

‫‪sudo apt-get install unrar‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻓﺸﺮﻩ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻓﻮﻟﺪﺭ‪ kavir‬ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﻣﺖ ‪ rar‬ﻭ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎﻡ ‪yaser.rar‬‬

‫‪yaser@yaser-PC:~$ rar a yaser.rar /home/yaser/kavir‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ‪ yaser.rar‬ﻫﻢ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪:‬‬

‫‪yaser@yaser-PC:~$ rar e yaser.rar‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺩﻭ ﻛﺎﻣﻨﺪ ‪ e‬ﻭ ‪ a‬ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﻛﺎﻣﻨﺪ ‪ a‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ‪ rar‬ﻭ ﻛﺎﻣﻨﺪ ‪ e‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ‪ rar‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪ UBUNTU 12.04‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪٥٥‬‬

‫ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻛﺲ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺎ ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻛﺲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺸﻨﺎﺳﻴﻢ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻨﺘﻮﺍﻧﻴﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻥ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﻫﻴﻢ‪.‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻛﺲ ﻣﻲ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﻡ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﺎﻡ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ‬

‫‪Xnview , GQview , Qiv , Kuickshow‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺯ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻋﻜﺲ‬

‫]‪Gimp , Image Magick , Pixel32[Prop‬‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺮﺍﻳﺸﮕﺮ ﻋﻜﺲ‬

‫‪Mplayer , Winamp , Amarok‬‬ ‫ﭘﺨﺶ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻮﺳﻴﻘﻲ‬

‫‪Sound Studio , GNU Sound , Sweep‬‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺮﺍﻳﺸﮕﺮ ﺻﺪﺍ‬

‫‪Video LAN (VLC) , Winamp , Aviplay , Mplayer ,‬‬

‫ﭘﺨﺶ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻓﻴﻠﻢ‬
‫‪Kaffeine‬‬

‫‪RoseGarden , Ardour‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﻮﺯﻳﻚ‬

‫‪SWF Macromedia Flash Player , Flash Player‬‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺶ ﭘﻠﻴﺮ‬

‫‪Draw SWF , Ming‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺍﻧﻴﻤﻴﺸﻦ ﻓﻠﺶ‬

‫‪Blender , K3D , K3Studio , KPovModeler.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ ﺳﻪ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ )‪(3D‬‬

‫‪Gnome iconedit , Kiconedit‬‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺮﺍﻳﺸﮕﺮ ﺁﻳﻜﻦ‬

‫‪K3b , Berasero Disk Burner‬‬ ‫ﺭﺍﻳﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ‪ DVD‬ﻭ ‪CD‬‬

‫‪Amanda (console) , Taper , Disk Archive‬‬ ‫ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻥ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ )‪(Backup‬‬

 ‫ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﻫﺎ‬UBUNTU 12.04 ٥٦

GNU Parted , Partition Image , Paragon

‫ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﭘﺎﺭﺗﻴﺸﻦ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ‬
Partition Manager[Prop]

Xpdf , Kpdf ,Documents viewer PDF ‫ﺑﺎﺯ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ‬

PDFLatex , Xfig , GGV , Panda PDF Generator ,

PDF ‫ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ‬
Libre Office

Gedit (Gnome) , Kedit (KDE) , nano ‫ﻭﻳﺮﺍﻳﺸﮕﺮ ﻣﺘﻦ‬

Gnozip , KArchiveur , Gnochive

‫ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ ﺳﺎﺯ‬
Console→tar,gzip,bzip2,rar

FireFox , Chromium , Netscape , Opera ‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﮔﺮ‬

Kget , Axel , Wget , Downloader for X. ‫ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺩﺍﻧﻠﻮﺩ‬

Kmail , Gnus , Gnumail , Balsa ‫ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺍﻳﻤﻴﻞ‬

Libre Office , openoffice.org ‫ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺁﻓﻴﺲ‬

Empathy , Pidgin ‫ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﭼﺖ‬

Unrm , myrescue , e2undel (Recovery) ‫ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﺏ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ‬

KDEnlive , kino ‫ﻣﻴﻜﺲ ﻓﻴﻠﻢ‬

‫ﺩﺭ‬.‫ ﭘﺮﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬PowerPoint ‫ ﻭ‬Access ‫ ﻭ‬Excel ‫ ﻭ‬Word ‫ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ‬Microsoft Office ‫ﺩﺭ‬

:‫ ﻫﻢ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﺯﺍﺭ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬Libre Office ‫ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ‬Microsoft Office ‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻛﺴﻲ‬

Word→Writer PowerPoint→Impress Excel→Cal Access→Base

 ‫‪ UBUNTU 12.04‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪٥۷‬‬

‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺳﺎﻳﺖ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺎ ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻛﺲ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺗﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺨﻮﺭﻳﺪ‪.‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﻞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺖ‬

‫ﺯﻳﺮ )ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ( ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﺳﺎﺯﻳﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪www.forum.ubuntu.ir‬‬

‫‪www.technotux.com‬‬

‫ﺷﻤﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻳﺎﺩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻫﺮﭼﻪ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﻭ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻛﺲ )ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺤﺎ ‪ (Ubuntu‬ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪www.forum.ubuntu.ir‬‬

‫‪www.azadrah.net‬‬

‫‪www.linuxblog.ir‬‬

‫‪www.ubuntu-ir.blogfa.ir‬‬

‫‪www.wiki.ubuntu.ir‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻭﺑﻼگ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻫﻢ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻳﺎﺩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻟﺬﺕ ﺑﺒﺮﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭ ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻛﻨﻢ‪،‬ﻓﺮﻭﺷﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﻱ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻛﺲ‪،‬ﻣﺨﺎﺯﻥ‬

‫ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻱ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻛﺲ ﺭﺍ ﺧﺮﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﻫﺎ‬UBUNTU 12.04 ٥۸

‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻭ ﻣﺂﺧﺬ‬

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www.fa.wikipedia.org

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www.linuxblog.ir

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www.iran-eng.com

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