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    Provision For Joint

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    fazle rabbi
    Cast concrete retaining walls have several types of joints to allow for concrete shrinkage and expansion from temperature changes. Construction joints are between successive concrete pours and use keys for shear resistance. Contraction joints are vertical grooves that allow concrete to shrink without harm and are spaced every 30 feet. Expansion joints allow for temperature expansion and use flexible fillers with dowels tying sections together, spaced up to 90 feet apart.

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    Provision For Joint

    Uploaded by

    fazle rabbi
    686 views3 pages
    Cast concrete retaining walls have several types of joints to allow for concrete shrinkage and expansion from temperature changes. Construction joints are between successive concrete pours and use keys for shear resistance. Contraction joints are vertical grooves that allow concrete to shrink without harm and are spaced every 30 feet. Expansion joints allow for temperature expansion and use flexible fillers with dowels tying sections together, spaced up to 90 feet apart.

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    Provision for joint

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    Cast concrete retaining walls have several types of joints to allow for concrete shrinkage and expansion from temperature changes. Construction joints are between successive concrete pours and use keys for shear resistance. Contraction joints are vertical grooves that allow concrete to shrink without harm and are spaced every 30 feet. Expansion joints allow for temperature expansion and use flexible fillers with dowels tying sections together, spaced up to 90 feet apart.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    686 views3 pages

    Provision For Joint

    Uploaded by

    fazle rabbi
    Cast concrete retaining walls have several types of joints to allow for concrete shrinkage and expansion from temperature changes. Construction joints are between successive concrete pours and use keys for shear resistance. Contraction joints are vertical grooves that allow concrete to shrink without harm and are spaced every 30 feet. Expansion joints allow for temperature expansion and use flexible fillers with dowels tying sections together, spaced up to 90 feet apart.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    PROVISIONS FOR JOINTS CONCRETE WALLS

    Cast concrete retaining walls may be constructed with any or all of the following joints:

    Construction Joints: These are vertical or horizontal joints that are used between two
    successive pours of concrete. Keys are used to increase the shear resistance at the joint. If keys
    are not used, the surface of the first pour is cleaned and roughened before the next placement of
    concrete. Keys are almost always formed in the base to give the stem added sliding resistance.
    The base is formed first, and the stem constructed afterwards.

    Contraction Joints: These are vertical joints or grooves formed or cut into the wall that allows
    the concrete to shrink without noticeable harm. Contraction joints are usually about 0.25 inches
    wide and about 1/2 to 3/4 inch deep, and are provided at intervals of not exceeding 30 feet.

    Expansion Joints: Vertical expansion joints are incorporated into the wall to account for
    expansion due to temperature changes. These joints may be filled with flexible joint fillers.
    Greased steel dowels are often cast horizontally into the wall to tie adjacent sections together.
    Expansion joints should be located at intervals up to 90 feet.

    MONOLITHIC CONCRETE RETAINING WALL


    PROPORTIONS
    Proper proportioning of a retaining wall is just as important to its construction as its structural
    design. Construction-friendly proportions facilitate proper concrete placement and provide
    sufficient room for structural reinforcement.

    In addition to basic structural requirements, wall dimensions (generally member thickness) are
    also affected by the required minimum reinforcement cover. This can add several inches to the
    wall's thickness dimensions, and can vary depending on the severity of exposure, soil type and
    reactivity, etc.

    In general, the top of the stem of any cast concrete retaining wall should not be less than 12
    inches for the proper placement of concrete.

    The depth to the bottom of the base slab should be kept at a minimum of two feet. However, it
    should always be below the seasonal frost line, and that often is much deeper in northern
    climates.

    The length of the base slab is usually about 50% to 70% of the total height of the wall (bottom of
    base to top of stem).

    For cantilever and counterfort walls, the stem thickness at the base is often about 10% of the total
    wall height, as is the base slab thickness. Counterfort retaining walls have counterforts spaced at
    center-to-center distances of about 30% to 70% of the total wall height.
    In some cases, a footing key is included to increase resistance to sliding. The footing key is
    generally an extension of the stem and extends below the bottom of the base.

    For economical design, the soil pressure resultant should pass line up with the front face of the
    stem. Assuming the soil pressure distribution as triangular with maximum pressure at the toe and
    zero at the heel, the resultant vertical pressure will pass through the middle third point.

    Unnikrishna Pillai and Devdas Menon of IIT Madras have developed an expression for the
    minimum width of the heel slab as:

    Width of Base = B = 1.5Xh and Xt = B/3.

    b) Thickness of Base Slab and Stem:

    The thickness of the base slab is assumed to be little more than the bottom thickness of the stem.
    The minimum thickness of the stem is considered to be 200mm and base slab to be 300mm for
    construction purposes.

    The preliminary thickness of base slab is given by:

    Tb = 0.08h but not less than 300mm.

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