Dr.

BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR
MARATHWADA UNIVERSITY,
AURANGABAD

Department of English

M.A. Ist Year

IInd Semester

Syllabus
2016 - 2017 Onwards

M.A Ist year Semester IInd Page 1

Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad
Department of English

M.A. First Year

Semester II

Core (ENG-C-V) Paper – V Drama

Elective (ENG-E-VI) Paper – VI A] Literature and Philosophy

B] Discourse Studies
C] Colonial and Post-Colonial Literature
D] Study of Major Author
E] Academic Discourse and Academic Writing
F] Indian English Literature
G] Semantics

Foundation Course (ENG-F-VII) Paper -VII Language Orientation: Pragmatics

Research Methodology (ENG-R-VIII) Paper – VIII Research Methodology-I -Practice

(Term Paper not less than 15 pages)

M.A Ist year Semester IInd Page 2

 Paper Code: (ENG-C-V)
Paper No. V
Drama

Assignment/ Sessional: 20 Marks Credits; 4 Semester Exam: 80 Marks

Objectives :
Drama is a very effective and powerful genre in the world of literature. The birth and
development of drama in Greece, Rome, England and India emphasizes upon the fact that it has
always been an integral part of cultures. Gifted with the facility of direct audio-visual impact,
drama has always been following life closely highlighting and evaluating moral commitments,
religious convictions, philosophical approaches and social and political changes in various
countries. The course will quench the perceptive thirst of the learner.

Unit I. Understanding Drama 18 lectures

 Historical Outline (Greek, Roman, English)
 Meaning of Drama
 Elements of drama (Plot, Characterization. Setting, Dialogue, Movement and
theme)
 Defining Tragedy, Comedy and Tragicomedy
 Types of tragedy (Greek Tragedy, Senecan Tragedy, Early Elizabethan Tragedy,
Shakespearean Tragedy, Domestic Tragedy, Modern Tragedy)
 Types of Comedy (Farce, Romantic comedy, Satiric Comedy, Comedy of
manner, Comedy of Humour, Comedy of Intrigue)

Unit II. Understanding Tragedy 12 lectures

 Christopher Marlowe: Tamburlaine the Great ( Background, Text and Criticism)

Unit III: Understanding Comedy 12 lectures

 William Shakespeare: Midsummer’s Night Dream

Unit IV: Understanding tragicomedy 12 lectures

 Samuel Beckett: Waiting for Godot

Unit V : Understanding One :Act Play 06 Lectures

Oscar Wilde : A Florentine Tragedy

M.A Ist year Semester IInd Page 3

Recommended Readings:

1. Barber, C.L. Shakespeare’s Festive Comedy: A Study of Dramatic Form and its Relation
to Socila Custom. Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1959.
2. Bentley, Eric. The Life of Drama. London Methuen& Co. 1965.
3. Boulton, Marjorie. The Anatomy of Drama. New Delhi, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1960.
4. Bradley, A.C. Shakespearean Tragedy, London, Macmillan, 1983.
5. Esslin, Martin. An Anatomy of Drama. London, Temple Smith, 1976.
6. Esslin, Martin. The Field of Drama. London, Methuen Drama, 1987.
7. Esslin, Martin. The Theatre of Absurd. London, Methuen, 1976.
8. Halliwell, Stephen. (trans and commentary. The Poetics of Aristotle. London, Duckworth,
1987.
9. Nicoll, Allardyee. The Theater of Dramatic Theory. Bristol: George, G. Harrap & Co.
Ltd., 1962.
10. Nietzsche, Friedrich. The Birth of Tragedy. trans. Douglas Smith, Oxford, Oxford
University Press, 2000.
11. Oscar Brockett, History of the Theatre, 7th ed., Holt, Rinehart & Winston, NY, 1995
12. Shepherd, Simon and Womack, Peter. English Drama: A Cultural History. Oxford,
Blackwell, 1996.
13. Stantori, Sarah and Banham,Martin. eds. Cambridge Paperback Guide to Theatre,
Cambridge University Press ,1996.
14. White, Martin. Renaissance Drama in Action: An Introduction to Aspects of Theatre
Practice and Performance. London, Routledge, 1988.
15. Wickham, Glynne. A History of the Theatre, 2nd edition, London, Phaidon, 2007.

M.A Ist year Semester IInd Page 4

 Paper Code: (ENG-E-VI-A)
Paper No. VI – A
Literature and Philosophy

Introduction :
Literature has been shaping and reshaping human attitude and widening horizons of
perception. Philosophy too, has been searching perennially for the divergent intrinsic aspects of
knowledge, truth and consciousness to enrich the humanity. Specifically, Philosophy insists on
the five fields of study and discourse: logic, politics, aesthetics, ethics and metaphysics which
have an organic relationship with literature. The present course, therefore, intends to focus on the
influence of philosophy on literature and vice versa. It comprises the major western and Indian
traditions along with the representative literary texts.

(60 Lectures)
Unit - 1
A. Introduction to the major Indian traditions: 07 lectures
Upanishadic, Vedanta, Lokayata, Buddhism, Jainism, Sufism, etc.

B. Introduction to the major Western traditions: 07 lectures

Thales, Pythagoras, Heraclitus, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, etc.

C. Enlightenment tradition: 07 lectures

Copernicus, Galileo, Kepler, Bacon, Newton, Hobbes, Descartes, Spinoza, Locke,
Berkeley, Voltaire, Paine, Hegel, Wollstonecraft, Adam Smith, Kant, Freud

D. Introduction to the modern/postmodern traditions: 07 lectures

Nietzsche, Heidegar, Foucault, Sassure, Derrida, Fanon, Chomskey, Haliday, etc.

Unit - 2. Aeschylus: Agamemnon 08 lectures

Unit - 3. F. Dostoevsky: Crime and Punishment 08 lectures

Unit - 4. Ravindranath Tagore : Selected poems from Geetanjali 08 lectures

Unit - 5. Jotirao Phule : Selections from The Book of the True Faith 08 lectures

Recommended Reading:

1. An Introduction to Indian Philosophy: Satishchandra Chatterjee

2. History of Indian Philosophy: Vol. 1- 5 : S. Dasgupta
3. Confessions. Augustine 1961
4. Blackwell Companion to Philosophy
5. A History of Western Philosophy. Bertrand Russell
6. A History of Philosophy. F. Copleston
7. Thus Spoke Zarathrustra. Nietzsche

M.A Ist year Semester IInd Page 5

 8. Sufism. Sadia Delhvi
9. The Postcard: From Socrates to Freud and Beyond. Derrida.
10. The Metamorphosis. F. Kafka
11. Etics. Aristotle 1976
12. Politics. Aristotle. 1981
13. Evolution of Indian Philosophy: K. Satchidanand Murty
14. Indian Philosophy: An Introduction to Hindu and Buddhist Thought: - Richard King
15. A Modern Introduction of Indian Aesthetic Theory: S. S. Barlingay
16. Archaeology of Knowledge: Foucault
17. The Proper Study of Mankind: An Anthology of Essays: Issiah Berlin
18. How to Read Literature: Terry Eagleton
19. Jainism: Art, Architecture, Literature and Philosophy: Haripriya Rangarajan
20. Samuel Beckett and the Encounter of Philosophy and Literature: Chattopadhyay
21. Essays on Literature and Philosophy: Edward Caird
22. The Works of Voltaire: Essays on Literature and Philosophy: Voltaire
23. Intellectual Autobiography: Ideas on Literature, Philosophy and Religion: Victor Hugo
24. Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Writings and Speeches Vol. 1- 11
25. The Story of Philosophy: Will Durant

M.A Ist year Semester IInd Page 6

 (Paper Code - ENG-E-VI-B)
Paper No. VI – B
Discourse Studies

Objectives:

 This course aims at generating a debate on the nature and orientation of Discourse
Studies.
 Select pieces from a wide range of literary theory and practice shall be consisting the
course content.
 The objective is to acquaint the students with the context of literary practice.
 It also aims at introducing current developments in various schools of Literary Criticism.
 The first part focuses on theoretical developments.
 The second part attempts an elaborate study of Discourse from various perspectives.
 The course as a whole aims to generate knowledge and introduce the methodology of
Discourse Studies.

Unit I a. “Literary Theory And Third World Literature”: Some Contexts.

(Ajay Ahmed’s In Theory)

b. Marx and Materialism, The Materialist Fallacy and Gramsci and Hegemony.
(David Hawke’s Ideology)

Unit II a. Psychoanalytic Criticism (Bijay Kumar Das 20th century Literary Criticism)

b. New Historicism: Resonance and Wonder (Paul Hamilton Stephen Green

Blatt)

Unit III a. Modernism and Post Modernism (Simon Malpas: The Postmodern)

b. Postcolonialism and feminism (John McLeod: Beginning Postcolonialism)

Unit IV a. Marginality, Ethnicity and Gender.

b. Discourse Analysis (Sara Mills: Michal Foucault)

Unit V a. Literary Discourses

b. Cultural Theory and Discourse.
c. Resistance Discourses.

M.A Ist year Semester IInd Page 7

Recommended Reading:

1. Ahmed, Aijaz. (1992) In Theory: Classes, Nations, Literatures. London: Verso.

2. Hawkes, David. (2007) Ideology. London and New York: Routledge.
3. Das Kumar, Bijay. (2005) Twentieth Century Literary Criticism. New Delhi: Atlantic.
4. Hamilton, Paul. (2007) Historicism. London and New York: Routledge.
5. Malpas, Simon. (2007) The Postmodern. London and New York: Routledge.
6. Leod, Mc John. (2007) Beginning Post Colonialism. Manchester and New York:
Manchester Press.
7. Mills, Sara. (2004) Michel Foucault. London and New York: Routledge.
8. Tidd, Ursula. (2004) Simone de Beauvoir. London and New York: Routledge.
9. Tiffin, Helen. Post Colonialism and the Rehabilitation of Post Colonial History. The
Journal of Common Wealth Literature 1988. ,23.1:169-81
10. Barry, Peter. (1995) Beginning Theory: An Introduction. Manchester and New York:
Literary and Cultural Theory University Press.
11. Mills, Sara (.2004) Michel Foucault. London and New York: Routledge.
12. Eagleton, Terry.(1977) Base and Super Structure Revisited .New Literary History. 218.1
13. Hall, Stuart (1996) Introduction: who needs Identity? Questions of Cultural Identity.
Stuart Hall and Paul du Gay London: Sage publications.
14. Woods, Tim (.2010) Beginning Postmodernism. New Delhi: Viva Books.
15. Tzvetan, Todorov. (1992) The coexistence of cultures. The Oxford Literary Reviews. 191-2

M.A Ist year Semester IInd Page 8

 (Paper Code - ENG-E-VI-C)
Paper No. VI – C
Colonial and Postcolonial Literature

Objectives of the Course:

The aim of this course is to introduce what is colonization and what are its impacts on the
colonized countries across the globe. The course also aims to acquaint the students about the
literature written in different countries during the period of colonization and also after the post
colonial period when these countries were liberated from the foreign yoke. It aims to introduce
the theory of colonial and postcolonial literature, resistance and representation, colonial
discourses reflected in different texts written by different writers during and after the colonial
times.
Credits
Unit. - I Theory of Colonialism and Postcolonalism and 12 hours
Colonial and Postcolonial Literature.

Unit. - II E. M. Forster - A Passage to India 12 hours

Unit. - III Chinua Achebe-Things Fall Apart 12 hours

Unit. - IV V. S. Naipaul-The Mimic men 12 hours

Unit -V Ayi Kwei Armah-The Beautiful Ones are not yet Born 12 hours

Recommended Reading
1. Ahmad, Aijaz, In theory : Classes, Nations, Literatures (Delhi: Oxford University Press,1994)
2. Ashcraft, Bill, et al, The Empire Writes Back (London:Routledge,1989)
3. ------------ The Post-Colonial Studies Reader. (London:Routledge,2003)
4. Abraham, Taisha. Introducing Postcolonial Theories. (Delhi : Macmillan India Ltd, 2007).
5. Barker, F., P. Hulme and M. Iversen, (eds.) Colonial Discourse/Postcolonial Theory.
(Manchester : Manchester University Press, 1994)
6. Bhabha, Homi. The Location of Culture. (London:Routledge,1994)
7. ------------ Nation and Narration (London : Routledge, 1998)
8. Boehmer Elleke, Empire Writing : An Anthology of colonial Literature, 1870-1918.
(Oxford : Oxford University Press, 1999)
9. ----------- Colonial and Postcolonial Literature (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995)
10. Cesaire, Aime. Discourse on Colonialism. (New York : Monthly Review Press, 1972)
11. Chides, Peter and R. J. Patrick Williams. An Introduction to Postcolonial Theory.

M.A Ist year Semester IInd Page 9

 (London : Prentice Hall, 1977)
12. Fanon, Frantz. Black Skin, White Masks. (London : Pluto, 1986)
13. ----------- The Wretched of the Earth. ( London : penguin 1990)
14. Gandhi, Leela. Postcolonial Theory : A Critical Introduction. (Delhi: Oxford University, 1998)
15. Harlow, Barbara, Resistance Literature (New York and London : Metheum, 1987)
16. Hulme, Peter, ed. Postcolonial Theory and Colonial Discourse.
(Manchester : Manchester University Press, 1993)
17. JanMohamed Abdul. Manichean Aesthetics : The Politics of Literature in Colonial Africa.
(Amherst : University of Massachusetts Press, 1983)
18. Loomba, Ania. Colonialism / Post Colonialism (London : Routledge, 1998)
19. Miller, D. M. et al, Dominance and Resistance. (London : Unwin Hyman, 1989)
20. Moore, Gilbert Bart. Post-Colonial Theory : Contexts, Practices, Politics. (London : Verso,
1997)
21. McLeod, John. Beginning Postcolonialism (Manchester : Manchester University Press, 2007)
22. Memmi, Albert. The Colonizer and the Colonized. (New York : Oxon Press, 1965)
23. Mennoni, Octave. Prospero and Caliban : The Psychology of Colonization. trans, by Pamela
Powerland. (New York : Prager,. 19664)
24. Mongia, Padmini, (ed.), Contemporary Post-Colonial Theory : A Reader.
(New Delhi : Oxford University Press, 2000)
25. Nandy, Ashish. The Intimate Enemy : Loss and Recovery of Self under Colonialism.
(New Delhi : Oxford University Press, 1983)
26. Ngugi Wa Thiong’O, Decolonizing the Mind : The Politics of Language in African Literature.
(London: James Currey 1986)
27. Said, Edward. Culture and Imperialism. (London :Chatto and Windus, 1993)
28. ------------ Orientalism (London : Penguin, 1991)
29. Spivak, Gayatri. In other worlds : Essays in Cultural Politics (London : Routledge, 1987)
30. Tomllinson, John. Cultural Imperialism. (London : Printer, 1991)
31. Walder, Dennis. Post-Colonial Literature in English : History, Language, Theory.
(Oxford : Blackwell, 2002)
32. Williams, Patrick and Laura Chrisman. Colonial Discourse and Post-Colonial Theory.
(Hamel Hempstead : Harvester Wheat Sheaf, 1994)
33. Young, Robert J. C. Postcolonialism : An Historical Introduction (Oxford : Blackwell, 2001)
34. Young, S. C. Colonial Desire : Hybridity in Theory, Culture and Race. (London : Routledge,
1995)

M.A Ist year Semester IInd Page 10

 (Paper Code - ENG-E-VI-D)
Paper No. VI-D
Study of Major Author
D. H. Lawrence
Objectives
This course will provide the students an opportunity to fully comprehend D. H.
Lawrence’s creative genius as projected in different forms of literature. D. H. Lawrence made his
own innovation and discovered his own tradition.

Unit : 1 Background of D. H. Lawrence and his Era :

a. Biography
b. Intellectual Background

Unit : 2 Fiction :
a. Sons and Lovers
b. Women In Love

Unit : 3 Novella : Love Among The Haystacks

Unit : 4 Poetry :
a. Both Sides of the Medal
b. The Wild Common

Unit : 5 Non-Fiction : Morality and the Novel

Bibliography :
1. The Modern Age : Boris Ford (ed). 1966.
2. Twentieth Century Literature : A. C. ward. 1956.
3. The Forked Flame : A Study of D. H. Lawrence, H. M. Daleski H. M. 1965.
4. D. H. Lawrence : R. P. Draper. 1970.
5. A Reader’s Guide to D. H. Lawrence : Philip Hobsbaum. 1988.
6. The Dark Sun : A Study of D. H. Lawrence : Graham Hough. 1961.
7. The life and the works of D. H. Lawrence : Harry T. Moore. 1951.
8. D. H. Lawrence : Novelist : F. R. Leavis. 1956.
9. “Not I But The Wind…..” Frida Lawrence. 1934.
10. D. H. Lawrence : The Critical Heritical Heritage : R. P. Draper (ed). 1970.
11. Son of Woman : D. H. Lawrence : J. M. Murry. 1931.
12. The Art of D. H. Lawrence : Keith Sagar. 1966.
13. D. H. Lawrence and Feminism : Hilary Simpson. 1982.
14. The Love Ethic of D. H. Lawrence : Mark Spilka. 1958.
15. D. H. Lawrence and feminism : Hilary Simpson. 1982.
16. Symbolism : Charles Chadwick. 1971.
17. Essays on D. H. Lawrence : S. D. Sharma. 1987.

M.A Ist year Semester IInd Page 11

 (Paper Code - ENG-E-VI-E)
Paper No. VI-E
Academic Discourse and Academic Writing
Objectives: Credits 4
To understand: Marks 100
 The ways of thinking and using language in the academy
 To know the importance of language use in the academic activities like educating
students, demonstrating learning, disseminate ideas, and constructing knowledge.
 To help university students develop the skills in academic writing such as paragraph, an
essay, research paper and dissertation.

Unit I – Academic Discourse

 What is Academic Discourse?
 Why is Academic Discourse important?
 How is Academic Discourse Studied?
 What do we know about Academic Discourse?
 A sample Study: Citations
 Conclusion
Unit II
a. Pre-Writing: Getting Ready To Write
 Choosing and narrowing a topic
 Gathering ideas
 Editing ideas
b. The structure of a paragraph
 The definition of a paragraph
 The parts of a paragraph
 Identifying and writing topic sentences
c. The development of a paragraph
 Paragraph support and development
 Writing concluding sentences
 Peer editing
Unit III
a. Descriptive paragraphs and reasons for writing them
 Organizing and writing descriptive paragraphs using adjectives and prepositions
 Process paragraphs and reasons for writing them
 Using transition words to write a process paragraph
b. Opinion paragraphs
 Distinguishing between fact and opinion

M.A Ist year Semester IInd Page 12

  Organizing and writing paragraphs expressing opinions and arguments
 Using transition words to express cause and effect
 Using modal expressions to make recommendations
c. Comparison/ Contrast paragraphs
 Comparison/ contrast paragraphs and reasons for writing them
 Organizing comparison/ contrast paragraphs
 Connecting words used for comparing and contrasting topics
 Writing about the advantages and disadvantages of a topic
d. Problem / solution paragraphs
 Writing about problems and solutions
 Using first conditionals
 Writing a two-paragraph text with linking phrases
Unit IV
a. The structure of an essay
 The definition of an essay
 Formatting an essay
 Writing a thesis statement
b. Outlining an essay
 The purpose of an outline
 Writing an outline
Unit V
a. Introductions and conclusions
 The importance of unity in essay writing
 Editing an essay for unity
 The importance of coherence in essay writing
 Creating coherence
b. Essays for examinations
 Common instructions for essay tests
 Writing timed essays and managing time
Additional Materials
 Sample essay: brainstorming
 Sample essay: first draft
 Sample essay: second draft
 Punctuation
 Sample information letter
 Sample personal statement
 Sample CV 1
 Sample CV 2
 Addressing

M.A Ist year Semester IInd Page 13

Text: Doorthy, E. Zemach, Lisa, A. Rumisek (2003, 2005), Academic Writing from Paragraph
to Essay. Macmillan Education: Oxford.

References:
1. Biber, D. (2006), University Language: A Corpus-Based Study of Spoken and Written
Registers, Amsterdam: Benjamins.
2. Hyland, K. (2004), Disciplinary Discourse. Ann arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
3. Hyland, K. (2009), Academic Discourse. London: Continuum.
4. Swales, J. (1998), Other Floors, Others Voices: A Textography of a Small University
Building. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
5. Swales, J. (2004), Research Genres. New York: Cambridge University Press.
6. Craswell, G. (2004) Writing for Academic Success: A Postgraduate Guide. London:Sage.
7. Delamont, S. (1997) Supervising the Phd: A Guide to Success. Buckingham: Open
University Press.
8. Phelps, R. Fisher, K. and Ellis, A. (2007) Organizing and Managing Your Research: A
Practical Guide for Postgraduates. London: Sage.
9. Punch, K. (2006) Developing Effective Research Proposals, Second Edition. London: Sage.
10. Richards, L. (2005) Handling Qualitative Data: A Practical Guide. London: Sage.
11. Ridley,D. (2008) The Literature Review: A Step-by-step Guide for Students. London: Sage.
12. Silverman, D. (2004) Doing Qualitative Research: A Practical Handbook, Second Edition.
London: Sage.
13. Silverman, D. (2006) Interpreting Qualitative Data: Methods for Analyzing Talk, Text and
Interaction, Third Edition. London: Sage.
14. Thody, A. (2006) Writing and Presenting Research. London:Sage.
15. Walliman, N. (2005) Your Research Project: A Step-by-step Guide for the First-Time
Researcher, Second Edition. London: Sage.

M.A Ist year Semester IInd Page 14

 (Paper Code - ENG-E-VI-F)
Paper No. VI-F
Indian English Literature

This course intends to introduce different literary forms of Indian English Literature.
Indian English Literature has attracted a wide spread interest recently both in India and
abroad. It has come to occupy a greater significance in world literature.

Unit : 1 Introduction / History / Theory

Unit : 2 : Fiction : Plans for Departure : Nayantara Sehgal

Unit : 3 : Drama : Counter Offence : Rahul Varma

Unit : 4 : Poetry : Tribute to Papa : Mamta Kalia

Unit : 5 : Non-fiction : India : Midnight to Millenium : Shashi Tharoor

Bibliography :

1. Aspects of Indian Writing in English : M. K. Naik(ed). 1979.

2. Feminism and the Post –modern Indian Women Novelist in English: Anita Myles. 2006.
3. A History of Indian English Literature : M. K. Naik. 1993.
4. Literature and feminism : An Introduction : Pam Morris. 1993.
5. Women’s writing in India : New Perspectives : K. V. Surendram
6. Contemporary Indian Women Writers in English : Surya Nath Pandey (ed). 2012.
7. Transforming spirit of Indian women writers : Anita Balkrishna (ed). 2012.
8. Political Consciousness and Literature : Akhilanand Chaubey. 1983.
9. Awakened Conscience : C. D. Narasimbhaiah (ed). 1978.
10. Problems of the Indian Creative Writer in English : Verghese C. Paul
11. Political Consciousness in Indian writing : M. K. Bhatnagar. 1991.
12. Theatres of Independence : Drama, Theory and Urban Performance in India Since 1947 :
A.B. Dharwadkar. 2005.
13. Indian English Drama : Jaydipsingh K . Dodiya. 2000.
14. Nayantara Sahgal : Jasbir Jain. 1978.
15. Nayantara Sahgal : A V. Krishna Rao. 1976.

M.A Ist year Semester IInd Page 15

 (Paper Code - ENG-E-VI-G)
Paper No. VI-G
Semantics
Credit 4
Objective: Marks 100
 The course in Semantics aims to introduce basic concepts and theories in especially
linguistic semantics.
 Linguistic semantics focuses on grammatical meaning.
 The course introduces five approaches to meaning as reference, as logical form, as
context and use, as culture, and as conceptual structure.
 The students need to understand concepts and theories of entities, events, space, tense and
modality.
Unit I: Semantics and Linguistic Semantics: Toward Grammatical Meaning
- Grammatical Meaning
- Philosophical Semantics and Linguistic semantics
Unit II: Approaches to Meaning I
- Meaning as reference
- Meaning as logical form
Unit III: Approaches to Meaning II
- Meaning as context and use
- Meaning as culture
- Meaning as conceptual structure
Unit IV: Entities and Events
- Concept of entities and Events
- Classes of semantic properties of entities
- Four kinds of Events
- Typologies of events
Unit V: Space, Tense and Modality
- Location; Deixix
- Negation, Epistemic modality;
- Deontic modality
- Tense structure and tense systems

Text: Frawley, William, Linguistic Semantics, Routledge, Taylor and Francis Group, New York
and London, 1991.
References:
1. Cowie, A. P., Semantics, Oxford University Press, 2009.
2. Cruse, Alan, Meaning in language, An Introduction to semantics and Pragmatics,
OUP,1995.
3. Leech, Geoffrey, Semantics: The Study of Meaning (2nd edn.), Penguin 1981.
4. Murray, Knowles and Rosamund, Moon, Introducing Metaphor, Routledge, 2005.
5. Nida, Engene, Componential Analysis of Meaning, Mouton, 1975.
6. Palmer, Frank, Semantics: A New Outline (2nd edn.) Cambridge University Press, 1981.
7. Ullmann, Stephen, Semantics: An Introdcution to the science of meaning, Blackwell,
1962.

M.A Ist year Semester IInd Page 16

 (Paper Code - ENG-F-VII)
Paper No. VII
Language Orientation: Pragmatics

Objectives: Credits 4
To understand: Marks 100
 Language and use in context.
 Speaker meaning and utterance meaning.
 The relation between language and society, roles and relations of the language users.
 The basic theories in pragmatics such as speech act theory, co-operative principles,
relevance theory, politeness, face and power, pragmatic markers and pragmatic meaning.
Unit I
 Definition of Pragmatics.
 Pragmatics as interdiscipline.
 Speaking meaning and utterance meaning.
 Context and function.
 Pragmatic Theories
 Methodology
Research Method in Pragmatics
 Data collection and the observer’s Paradox.
 Data types- spoken and written.
 Evidence in Pragmatic Research.
 Transcribing spoken language
 Corpus Pragmatics: Combining qualitative and quantitative.
Unit II
a. The Semantic-Pragmatic interface
 The meaning of meaning in pragmatics.
 Reference.
 Deixis- attitudinal Orientation.
 Presupposition.
 Grice’s influence.
Unit III
a. Speech acts: Doing things with words.
 Austin’s Performatives
 Searle’s theory of speech acts.
 Direct and Indirect speech acts.
 Speech acts as routines.

M.A Ist year Semester IInd Page 17

Unit IV
b. Implicature
 Meaning more than ‘what is said’
Implicature types
Meaning types
Grice’s co-operative principle and the conversational maxims.
Flouting the maxims.
 Rethinking Grice: Neo-Graciean Pragmatics.
Leech’s expansionist approach (1983).
Horn’s Reductionist approach (1984).
Levinson’s Revisionist approach (1995, 2000).
 Sperber and Wilson’s Post- Graciean Pragmatics.
 The role of Sandtt in meaning.
Unit V
a. Pragmatic markers
 Delimiting Pragmatic markers.
 Characteristics of Pragmatic Makers.
 Pragmatic makers and function, text-type and sociolinguistic variation.
b. Framework and im/politeness
 Goffman’s influence.
 Brown and Leuinson’s Linguistic Politeness model.
 Culperper’s (1996) ‘anatomy of impoliteness’.
 Face work and im/politeness the postmodern perspective.

Text: Dawn Archer, Karin Aijmer and Anne Wichwann, Pragmatics an advanced research
book for students, Routledge, London and New York, 2012.

References:
1. Archer, Dawn and Grundy, Peter, The Pragmatics Reader, Routledge, London and New
York, 2011.
2. Austen, J., How to Do Things with Words, 2nd Edn., Clarendon Press, 1975.
3. Brown, P. and Levinson, S., Politeness: Some Universals of Language Usage, CUP;
1982.
4. Grundy, Peter, Doing Pragmatics, 3rd Edn., Hodder Education, 2008.
5. Leech, Geoffrey, Principles of Pragmatics, Longman, 1983.
6. Levinson, Stephen C., Pragmatics, Cambridge University Press, 1983.
7. Mey Jacob, Pragmatics: An Introduction Blackwell, 1993.
8. Searle, John, Speech Acts: An Essay in the Philosophy of Language, Cambridge
University Press, 1969.
9. Searle, John, Expression and Meaning: Studies in the Theory of Speech Acts, CUP; 1979.
10. Talmy, Givon, Mind, Code and Context: Essays in Pragmatics, Lawrence, Erlbaum1989.
11. Yule, George, Pragmatics, Oxford University Press, 1996.

M.A Ist year Semester IInd Page 18

 (Paper Code - ENG-R-VIII)
Paper No. VIII
Research Methodology
Credits 4
Objectives: Marks 100
 To enable researchers to use research methods independently for writing a research paper
in about 15 pages.
 To create awareness of modernism, post modernism, culture studies and gender studies
and help them to prepare critical frames for developing critical disposition and writing a
research paper.
 To understand Halliday’s SFG and enable researchers to apply it for text analysis and
interpretation.

Unit I-
i. Major Components of Published Research
 The Framework of a Primary Research Article
 Where Data Come from: The Sample
 Research Designs
 Data Gathering
 Research Results
 Discussions and Conclusions: Completing the Picture
ii. Writing a Research Paper
 The preliminary pages and the introduction.
 The literature review.
 Methodology.
 The data analysis of chapters.
 The conclusion.
 Completing a research paper.
 The oral presentation.

Unit II- Research Methods in Literature

 Modernism.
 Post modernism.
 Culture Studies.

Unit III- Research Methods in Language

 Clause analysis.
 Clause complex analysis

M.A Ist year Semester IInd Page 19

Unit IV- Research Methods in Language
 Metafunctions.
 Text analysis and interpretation.

Unit V- Writing a Research Paper (15 pages)

Text:
1. Oliver, P. Writing Your Thesis, edition 2nd, Sage Publication India: India. 2004 (2010).
2. Perry, F. L. Jr., Research in Applied Linguistics, edition 2nd , Routledge: New York and
London. 2011.

References:
1. Beauvoir, S.de: The Second Sex, tr. H. M. Parshley, (Harmondsworthm, Penguin, 1974).
2. Hughes, R. (2002), Teaching and Researching Speaking. Harlow, UK: Longman.
3. Hyland, K., and Paltridge, B. (ed.) Bloomsbury Companion to Discourse Analysis,
Bloomsbury, 2011. 2008, 2009, and 2010.)
4. Hyland, K. (2002b), Teaching and Researching Writing. Harlow, UK: Longman.
5. Jaworski, A. and Coupland, N. (1999), ‘Introduction: perspectives on discourse
analysis’, in A. Jawprski and N. Coupland (ed.), The Discourse Reader. London:
Routledge.
6. Johns, A. M. (1997), Text Role and Context: Developing Academic Literacies.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
7. Lyotard, J-F: The Postmodern Condition, (Manchester 1985).
8. Paltridge, B. (2001), Genre and Language Learning Classroom. Ann Arbor: University
of Michigan.
9. Paltridge, B. Discourse Analysis, Continuum: London and New York. 2006. Reprinted
(2007).
10. Thornbury, S. (2005), Beyond the Sentence: Introducing Discourse Analysis. London:
Macmillan.
11. Wray, A., Trott, K. and Bloomer, A (eds) (1998), Projects in Linguistics: A Practical
Guide to Researching Language, London: Arnold/New York: Oxford University Press.
12. Walliman, N. (2005) Your Research Project: A Step-by-step Guide for the First-Time
Researcher, Second Edition. London: Sage.

M.A Ist year Semester IInd Page 20