Diocletian’s Palace in Split

in the Monographs of
George Niemann and
Ernest Hébrard

institute of art history

www.ipu.hr

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hebrard i niemann.indd 1 12.11.2012. 20:18:24
 Diocletian’s Palace in Split in the Monographs of
George Niemann and Ernest Hébrard

Split, November 16 and 17, 2012

Conference organized by

Cover:
George Niemann, Southwest view on the Diocletian’s Palace; a reconstruc-
tion of the original appearance (Akademie der bildenden Künste Wien,
Kupferstichkabinett; now in Albertina) institute of art history
www.ipu.hr
Inside cover:
Ernest Hébrard, Ideal reconstruction of Diocletian's Mausoleum. (From
Hébrard's monograph, published in 1912.)

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 Diocletian’s Palace in Split in the Monographs of
George Niemann and Ernest Hébrard

Split, November 16th – 18th, 2012

In the long line of students of Diocletian’s Palace, George Niemann

(1841-1912) and Ernest Hébrard (1875-1933) merit particular
attention, for with their publications they laid the foundation for
scholarly research into its architectural forms within the context of
the universal development of architecture and urbanism.

Soon after the foundation of the Diocletian Palace Commission in

1903, the Ministry of Education in Vienna gave the architect George
Niemann the task of once again registering the Roman ruins in Split.
During six years of work, in which he was aided by five assistants
(three of them were his sons), he managed to prepare a folio-format
monograph with 23 plates and 162 drawings in the text. In 1910,
the work was printed at Alfred Holder, Vienna. Niemann died in
1912, with the renown of one of the most important figures in the
discipline of archaeology in Austria. From 1873 he had lectured in
perspective and the history of architectural styles at the Academy of
Fine Arts in Vienna, of which he was president from 1902 to 1905.
He became acquainted with Split the first time as early as 1873 on
the way to Samothrace, where archaeological excavations had just
been begun under the supervision of Alexander Conze, in which
Niemann was joined by Otto Benndorf and Alois Hauser. All of them
in their own way also took part in issues of conservation operations

hebrard i niemann.indd 4-5 12.11.2012. 20:18:24

 in Diocletian’s Palace, particularly concerning the restoration of the where he also explored Galerius’ mausoleum, and for his plans of
imperial mausoleum and the bell tower. Niemann subsequently the urban reconstruction of Morocco (Casablanca). From 1921 he
took part in Benndorf ’s archaeological excavations in Olympia and was the chief town planner of French Indochina (Hanoi, Saigon,
in Caria and Lycia, in Asia Minor (1881-82) then with Count Karl Phnom Pen). In 1930 he presented the project for the building of
Lanckoronski in Pamphilia and Pisidia (1884-85). In 1889-90, along a university in Salonika and from 1931 to his premature death he
with Benndorf he excavated the Tropaeum Trajani (Adamclissi) in lived in Paris.
Romania. In 1892, with Count Lanchoronski again, he studied the Hébrard’s monograph, published in 1912, with important
cathedral in Aquileia. From 1893 he was a permanent member of the contributions by Jacques Zeiller, the Byzantine scholar Charles
great Austrian research expedition to Ephesus. Finally, immediately Diehl and the Egyptologist Gustave Jéquier, is complementary to
after the excavations in Split he took on the job of publishing the Niemann’s. In the latter the primary aim was to give architectural
research campaigns of Teodor Wiegand in the Temple of Apollo drawings that were as accurate and detailed as possible. Hébrard’s
at Didyma. He was interrupted by death when he had taken upon reconstruction of the Palace’s original appearance has remained
himself the job of excavating Xanthos. very largely authoritative to this day. Great help was given to the
At the time when Niemann was half way through his job in Split, Austrian and French researchers in the field by Split conservator
Diocletian’s Palace started to be studied by the professor of ancient and archaeologist Msgr Frane Bulić. The books published led to
history Jacques Zeiller and architect, archaeologist, and, soon after, a number of well-informed reviews and new articles and are an
town planner Ernst Hébrard, at that time pensionnaire architecte essential basis for any serious consideration of the Palace even
de la Villa Médicis à Rome. Immediately after the publication of today.
a book about the palace in Split (Paris: Massin 1912), Hébrard, For all of these reasons, marking the centenary of Niemann’s death
together with the Norwegian-American sculptor and philanthropist and the publication of Hébrard’s book about Diocletian’s Palace, the
Hendrik Christian Andersen produced a project for the World Institute of Art History is organising an international symposium
Centre of Communication, imagined as a utopian garden city, a at which there will be discussion of not only the contributions of
peacemaking centre of an ideal state. The vast book Creation of a Niemann and Hébrard but also of the conservation and restoration
world centre of communication was published in English, Italian and operations and theoretical reflections of their time related to the
French, going through six editions between 1913 and 1917. But Palace.
Hébrard was to be much better known, particularly, for the town
plan of the reconstruction of Salonika (after the great fire of 1917),
6 7

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 PROGRAMME
16.30 Sandro Scarrocchia (Accademia di Brera, Milano), Centralità di
Spalato nella teoria e storia della conservazione dei monumenti
Friday, November 16, 2012
17.00 Marko Špikić (Art History Department, Faculty of Humanities and
9.00 Welcoming Remarks Social Sciences, Zagreb), Cornelius Gurlitt and the Treatment of the Diocletian’s
Palace in Split
9.30 Franko Ćorić (Art History Department, Faculty of Humanities and
Social Sciences, Zagreb), Dalmatian examples of the search for a methodology 17.30 Joško Belamarić (Institute of Art History, Centre Cvito Fisković,
of the «moderne Denkmalpflege» Split), Gurlitt / Kowalczyk and Iveković: Two atlases of Dalmatian monuments
published in 1910
10.00 Christine Ertel (Vienna), Archaeological Documentation in the
Diocletian’s Palace in Split by George Niemann 18.00 Coffee Break

10.30 Claudia Lang-Auinger (Institute of Cultural History of Antiquity, 18.15 Stanko Kokole (Department of the History of Art, Faculty of Arts,
Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna), Niemann’s Task as arbitrator in the University of Ljubljana Ljubljana), „Wer ist dieser Molé?“ A Slovenian Student
Trojan controversy of Max Dvořák and Josef Strzygowski in Dalmatia between 1911 and 1914

11.00 Coffee Break 18.45 Georg Vasold (Kunsthistorisches Institut Freie Universität Berlin),
Exhibiting Dalmatia on the Eve of the Great War: The Vienna Adria-Ausstellung
11.30 Pierre Pinon (Ecole Nationale Supérieure d’Architecture de Paris- in 1913
Belleville, Ecole de Chaillot), L’étude du Palais de Dioclétien à Split par Ernest
Hébrard et Jacques Zeiller 19.15 Goran Nikšić (Department for the Old City Core, Split), Research
and conservation of Diocletian’s Palace in the first half of 20th century
12.00 Ivan Basić (Department of History, Faculty of Humanities and
Social Sciences, University of Split), Sepulcrum Diocletiani – κοιτων του
Διοκλητιανου – templum Iovi dicatum? Functions of Diocletian’s mausoleum Saturday, November 17, 2012
in the context of Hébrard–Zeiller’s and Niemann’s opus
9.00 Salona; Archaeological Museum Split
12.30 Daniel Baric (Université François-Rabelais, Tours), Ernest Hébrard’s 14.30 Diocletian’s Palace
Monograph on the Palace of Diocletian: Context, Genesis and Consequences of
a Collective Work Sunday, November 18, 2012
16.00 Jonathan Blower (London), Isolamento versus Stadtbildpflege:
Austria’s custodianship of the Palace of Diocletian 10.00 The Ivan Mestrović Gallery

8 9

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 Daniel Baric, Université François-Rabelais, Tours with various intensities. Ernest Hébrard, Jacques Zeiller, Charles Diehl
and Gustave Jéquier went on developing visions and interpretations of
Title
the Palace, while they played different roles in various cities in Europe
Ernest Hébrard’s Monograph on the
and overseas, proving thus the lasting importance of the work for
Palace of Diocletian: Context, Genesis and
themselves as well as for a broader audience.
Consequences of a Collective Work

Curriculum vitae
Born in Paris in 1972, Daniel Baric is Associate Professor at the François-
Rabelais University in Tours (Institute for German Studies) since 2005.
He studied History and German and Slavic philology at Ecole normale
Abstract
supérieure and Sorbonne (Paris), Hungarian in Budapest, Egyptian
In the years before World War I, a whole series of publications appeared
Studies (Institut Catholique, Paris) and Modern Greek studies. His
in France which tried to bring to the French audience the aesthetic
PhD at the Ecole pratique des Hautes Etudes in Paris dealt with the
beauties and spiritual situation of until then unkown Dalmatia, and
role of German language in Croatia in the 19th century. He is currently
quite extensively of its major city Split. Such travellers as Edouard
working on the history of archaeology in the Habsburg Monarchy.
Maury in his essay Aux Portes de L’Orient (Paris, 1896), Pierre Marge
in his Voyage en Dalmatie, Bosnie-Herzégovine et Monténégro (Paris,
Bibliography link
1912) celebrated the archaeological excavations in Split and Salona and
http://www.circe.paris-sorbonne.fr/index
thus paved the way to the scientifically more ambitious entreprise of
Hébrard. His work could rely on the French academic structure which
Contact
had produced specialists he could gather in order to publish this major
daniel_baric@yahoo.com
synthesis. The Parisian monograph of 1912 on the Palace of Diocletian
was deeply rooted in the French scholarship on Antiquity, which had
various consequences in the shaping of the context in which the work
was received. For Hébrard himself, as for every collaborator on the book,
the time spent on gathering facts and elaborating hypotheses about the
Palace seems to have left an enduring imprint on their further work,

10 11

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 Ivan Basić, Department of History, Faculty of Humanities and Social de Dioclétien à Spalato dans l’histoire de l’art« (Byzantion, 1931). At
Sciences, University of Split last, one should mention two other works co-authored by Hébrard and
Zeiller, namely »À travers le palais de Dioclétien à Spalato« (Mélanges
Title
d’archéologie et d’histoire, 1911) and a booklet Le palais de Dioclétien a
Sepulcrum Diocletiani – κοιτων
Spalato (Paris, 1911).
του Διοκλητιανου – templum Iovi
Next to the mentioned contributions by George Niemann (1841–1912)
dicatum? Functions of Diocletian’s
as well as Ernest-Michel Hébrard (1875–1933) and Jacques Zeiller
mausoleum in the context of Hébrard–
(1878–1962), notable scholars who devoted their attention to the
Zeiller’s and Niemann’s opus
original functions of Diocletian’s mausoleum include Francesco Lanza
(1808–1892), Frane Bulić (1846–1934), Ljubo Karaman (1886–1971),
Abstract Luka Jelić (1864–1922), Josef Strzygowski (1862–1941), Ejnar Dyggve
Since the late 19th century, modern scholarship has devoted considerable (1887–1961), Earl Baldwin Smith (1888–1956), Karl M. Swoboda
attention to the problem of original layout and function of Diocletian’s (1889–1977), André Grabar (1896–1990), Heinz Kähler (1905–1974),
mausoleum at Split. Beside the very important monographs by Luigi Crema (1905–1975), Cvito Fisković (1908–1996), Branimir
Niemann, Hébrard & Zeiller centenary of which is currently being Gabričević (1915–1996), Duje Rendić Miočević (1916–1993), Rudolf
marked, the two French scholars also produced several less known and Fellmann (1925–), Alfred Frazer (1928–1994), Noël Duval (1929–),
rarely mentioned works on the same topic, that also merit attention. Tomislav Marasović (1929–), Dragoslav Srejović (1931–1996), Sheila
Ernest Hébrard, for example, published an article concerning McNally (19–), John J. Wilkes (1936–), Nenad Cambi (1937–),
important issues that reflect upon the Late Antique imperial sepulchral Slobodan Čurčić (1940–), Frank Kolb (1945–), Jean Guyon (1945–),
architecture: »Les travaux du Service archéologique de l’armée d’Orient Ivo Babić (1946–), Wolfgang Kuhoff (1951–), Josip Belamarić (1953–)
à l’arc de triomphe ‹ de Galère › et à l’église Saint-Georges de Salonique« and Mark J. Johnson (1954–).
(Bulletin de correspondance hellénique, 1920). Jacques Zeiller, on the Briefly summarizing the contributions by the mentioned archaeologists,
other hand, developed his reflections on Diocletian’s tomb and palace historians, historians of art and architecture, especially the ones by
in several stages before and after his and Hébrard’s 1912 book, such Niemann, Hébrard and Zeiller, the author will try to delineate the
as »Le palais de Dioclétien à Spalato« (Comptes-rendus des séances de importance of their work, as well as offer his own interpretation of the
l’Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, 1908) and »Sur l’origine de original function of inner spaces of Diocletian’s mausoleum.
Spalato« (Mélanges Cagnat, Paris, 1912), finally »Sur la place du palais

12 13

hebrard i niemann.indd 12-13 12.11.2012. 20:18:24

 Curriculum vitae Joško Belamarić, Institute of Art History, Centre Cvito Fisković, Split
Ivan Basić (Split, 1982), went to First Classical Grammar School
at Split, afterwards graduating in history and history of art at the Title

Faculty of Philosophy, University of Zagreb (2007). Since then he Gurlitt / Kowalczyk and Iveković:

has been attending Doctoral Programme in Medieval Sciences at Two atlases of Dalmatian monuments

the same University, currently working on his Ph.D. thesis, entitled published in 1910

»Poleogenesis of Split at the turn of Late Antiquity and the Early

Middle Ages (4th–10th centuries)«. From 2008 until 2011 he worked as
a scientific and teaching assistant at the Department for History of Art,
Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb. There Abstract
he was a member of the Chair for Antique, Late Antique and Early In one of the classic competitions of the publishing industry, two large
Medieval Art. Since 2011 he works as an assistant at the Department photographic albums with fine elections of motifs from Dalmatian
of History, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of history battled for the attention of the Austrian and European reading
Split. As a member of the Chair for Ancient and Medieval History, he publics in 1910. First to come out, in Vienna (at Franz Malota’s) and in
teaches history of Croatia in the Middle Ages, stressing its Adriatic Berlin (Verlag für Kunstwissenschaft), were two sumptuously designed
component. Research interests: Late Antique and Early Medieval albums, printed with 132 photographic folio-format plates. They had
history and art of the Adriatic basin in European context (especially been taken in the summer and autumn of the previous year by Georg
urban history and poleogenesis). I. Basić authored and co-authored Kowalczyk, Austrian art historian and director of the History Museum
two books and a number of scientific papers; he also gave lectures at a in Vienna, and were published with a foreword by the then already
dozen symposia, mostly international. celebrated Cornelius Gurlitt, professor of art history and historical
structures at the Technische Universität Dresden. At about the same
Bibliography link time, the well-known Viennese publisher Anton Schroll started bringing
http://bib.irb.hr/lista-radova?autor=304961&lang=EN out a collection of photographs entitled Dalmatiens Architektur und
Plastik (or Bau- und Kunstdenkmale in Dalmatien) that was edited by
Contact Ćiril Metod Iveković, a very active architect, conservator, archaeologist
ibasic@ffst.hr and restorer, who had lived in Zadar since 1896, becoming in 1899
a corresponding member of the Central Commission for the Study

14 15

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 and Maintenance of Historical and Artistic Monuments in Vienna. Cvito Fisković Center in Split. In the same year, he was elected to the
His plan was to create a unique repertory of monuments in Dalmatia, title of a Research Advisor. He is also a Professor at the Department of
in a series of 25 volumes to come out at the rate of one or two a Art History, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of
year, each with 60 plates, which would in the end amount to 3,000 Split. He has published a number of books and a series of articles and
pictures. These two albums represent the crown of a relatively long and studies on the topic of urban history of Dalmatian cities and Medieval
extremely important tradition of albums that were all published by the and Renaissance art.
outstandingly important photographers of the time – Baron Raimund
Stillfried von Rathenitz, Alois Beer, Emil Stengel, Nikola Andrović &
Bibliography link
Giuseppe Goldstein, Tomaso Burato, Franz Laforest, Hubert Vaffier,
http://www.ipu.hr/suradnici/znanstvenici/62/Josko-Belamaric
Josef Wlha.
These photographic albums, issued at the end of the 19th century in
Contact
Zadar, Split and Vienna show us, in their way, what an endeavour there
jbelamaric@hotmail.com
was to use the medium of photography to define the cultural identity
of Dalmatia, a province of the Habsburg Empire that the metropolis
of Vienna and the whole of Europe were discovering in a gradual
crescendo.

Curriculum vitae
Josip Belamarić (Šibenik, 1953), graduated from the Classical
Gymnasium in Split and the cross-departmental studies in Art History
and Musicology at University of Zagreb. At the University’s Faculty
of Humanities and Social Sciences he then received his MA and PhD
degrees. From 1979, he was an employee of the monument protection
services in Split and, in period 1991-2009, the director of the Regional
Office for Monument Protection in Split (today’s Conservation
Department of the Ministry of Culture). Since 2010, he has been
employed at the Institute of Art History, as the head of newly established
16 17

hebrard i niemann.indd 16-17 12.11.2012. 20:18:24

 Jonathan Blower, London subsequently argued for conserving the picturesque fabric of Split in
its received state (Stadtbildpflege). But in neither case was preservation
Title
a purely aesthetic concern; imperial politics always played a more or
Isolamento versus Stadtbildpflege:
less prominent role. This is most striking in a controversy that flared
Austria’s custodianship of the Palace of
up when the municipality of Split was told it would not be allowed
Diocletian
to demolish the Episcopium, a relatively insignificant seventeenth-
century building that partly obscured Diocletian’s Mausoleum.
Niemann’s architectural designs, incidentally, staved off demolition for
a time, but the Episcopium was ultimately burned down in an arson
Abstract attack shortly after the creation of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and
When George Niemann was asked to produce his survey of the Palace Slovenes. Quite why a Yugoslav should want to confound progressive
of Diocletian, the theory and practice of architectural preservation conservation policy by destroying his own heritage remains unclear.
were undergoing what can only be described as a paradigm shift. Art This presentation proposes anti-Habsburg sentiment as a possible
historical debates at the turn of the century had ushered in a new motivation, but would welcome more plausible explanations.
conception of Denkmalpflege, a shift from restoration to conservation.
Split became a test case in these debates when the Austrian Ministry Curriculum vitae
of Education set up a commission for the preservation of the Palace in Jonathan Blower is an architectural historian and translator based in
1903. It can hardly be a coincidence that Riegl’s essay on the modern London. Having studied fine art, architectural history and German
monument cult was published at this time – the same year as his at Edinburgh and Cambridge he has recently completed his doctoral
apologia for the preservation of the medieval and modern monuments thesis on Max Dvořák and the administration of cultural heritage in
of Split. Diocletian’s Palace, that is to say, was a crucial station in the the late Habsburg Empire. He has published and spoken on this and
crystallization of modern conservation theory. related subjects at the University of Edinburgh, the Czech Academy of
This presentation will outline the various approaches to the preservation Sciences and, more recently, at CIHA 2012 in Nuremberg. In addition,
of Diocletian’s Palace during the Austrian custodianship of Split, Jonathan has translated numerous twentieth-century German texts on
from 1850 to 1918. It considers four figures in particular: Rudolf the history and philosophy of art and architecture for the e-journal Art
Eitelberger, Alois Hauser, Alois Riegl and Max Dvořák. A comparison in Translation.
of their writings evidences a clear divide. Whilst Eitelberger and
Hauser promoted the practice of isolating the Roman structures by Contact
demolishing post-classical accretions (isolamento), Riegl and Dvořák J.B.Blower@sms.ed.ac.uk
18 19

hebrard i niemann.indd 18-19 12.11.2012. 20:18:24

 Franko Ćorić, Art History Department, Faculty of Humanities and Both the instruction of the technical conservator and Katechismus
Social Sciences, Zagreb exhibit a strong influence of the Tage der Denkmalpflege manifestation,
including also practical experience gained in the Austrian service for
Title
the protection of monuments. By analyzing concurrently conservation
Dalmatian examples of the search
issues in connection with the Buvina portal of the Split Cathedral in
for a methodology of the «moderne
1908, then Dvořák’s proposal for the conservation works on a new
Denkmalpflege»
ceiling of the Zadar Cathedral, and finally Karl Holey’s project for
the consolidation of the Vestibule from 1911, we may contend that
the experience gathered in Dalmatia provided an extremely valuable
impetus for defining a new methodology and for reshaping personnel
Abstract policy in the course of building up the Commission itself.
The affirmation of Alois Riegl’s concept of age value and personnel
changes in the Central Commission taking place between 1902 and 1911, Curriculum vitae
meant a radical turn in the understanding of the role of conservation Born in 1976, undergraduate studies of Art History and German
and restoration within the scope of the protection of monuments. Alois language and literature at the Faculty of Humanities and Social
Riegl set down a fundamental direction in his work but did not proffer Sciences, University of Zagreb 1994-2001; graduate study of Art
a methodology to go with it. Julius Deininger, a head of the technical History with specialisation in conservation of cultural heritage, Faculty
department of the Central Commission, discoursed in 1911 at a of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb 2002-2004;
Salzburg conference of conservators and correspondents of the Central postgraduate study (doctoral level) 2005-2010; in 2010 defended a
Commission on practical application of new principles in monument dissertation on organisation, regulations and activities of the Viennese
protection. He pointed out that a new program of protection of cultural Imperial and Royal Central Commission in Istria and Dalmatia 1850;
heritage would not simply endorse the unchangeability of form, but from 2004 on teaching assistant at the Department of Art History,
also insist on preserving ambience values: veneer, dilapidation, open Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb.
fugues, plants, and the like. He insisted that copying and replacement Scientific interests: history and theory of protection and conservation
of elements already in existence on the object/ artefact be abandoned of cultural heritage, links to German speaking countries, contemporary
because these would cause it to lose its status of a monument. He upheld conservation issues.
a motto: „Don’t restore, conserve!“, which was ascribed to Dvořák in
his Katechismus from 1916. Both texts should thus be seen as attempts Contact
to bring together all prior practical experience. fcoric@ffzg.hr

20 21

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 Christine Ertel, Vienna systematic information concerning the monuments. Therefore, we
think it very useful to look for drawings of Niemann which were not
Title
yet published. They could provide a new source of the investigation of
Archaeological Documentation in the
Diocletian’s Palace in Split.
Diocletian’s Palace in Split by George
Niemann

Abstract Curriculum vitae

At the Institute for Ancient History at the University of Vienna is Born in 1953 in Germering, Munich. Studied architecture (1972-75,
prepared a project to make a catalogue of all works of George Niemann 1976-78) at the TU München, graduated architecture in Vienna 1976,
on the base of the collection of his drawings and sketch-books stored by promoted at the TU Wien in 1984 with prof. Machatschek. Active from
the Academy of Fine Arts and the Albertina Museum. The numerous 1978 in Architekturbüro Puchhammer und Wawrik in Vienna, from
works of the extremely busy and motivated architect should be collected 1979 to 1996 associate of Forschungsstelle Archäologie at the Austrian
to protect the inheritance of this great personality of Austrian culture. Academy of Sciences. Conducted excavations in Carnuntum (1979-
Among his archaeological documentations and reconstructions, the 1991), Kastell Favianis (1991-97), with Austrian Archaeological Institute
Diocletian’s Palace in Split takes an eminent position. In regard of his in Ephesos (1988), with University of Vienna in Velia (1990-94), City
publication on the palace of 1910, we can observe that it is a wonderful Museum Nordico in Linz (1998-2003), Vorarlberger Landesmuseum
book with enchanting drawings, but only little text. It intended to give (1997-99), with Hungarian Academy of Sciences in Veszprém (1996-
a beautiful survey without systematic discussion of all features and 99), in Székesfehérvár for Szent-István-Museum (1998-99), Aquincum
problems. The same can be said of the book of Niemann’s colleague for Aquincum-Museum (2003-07), Bad Homburg for Saalburgmuseu
Ernst Hébrard. The French “architects pensionnaires” at Rome were (1998-2003), Mainz-Weisenau for Landesdenkmalamt Rheinland-Pfalz
looking for splendid archaeological sites to prove their capacity for (2008- ), Qanawat with German Archaeological Institute (1999-),
more or less fanciful reconstructions. Their drawings sometimes Rome with German Archaeological Institute (from 2005: Basilica
fill gaps of the official archaeological documentation. As modern Aemilia and Julia).
archaeologists, however, we are interested in complete realistic and
22 23

hebrard i niemann.indd 22-23 12.11.2012. 20:18:24

 Bibliography

Syrien Ungarn
mit K. S. Freyberger, Zwischen Hellenisierung und Romanisierung: Bestandteile von römischen Grabbauten aus Aquincum und dem
Ein Friesblock mit Weihinschrift aus dem Vorgängerbau des Limesabschnitt im Stadtgebiet von Budapest. Corpus Signorum
„Peripteraltempels“ in Kanatha. Damaszener Mitteilungen 13, 2001 Imperii Romani Ungarn IX, Budapest 2010.
[2004], 131-170, Taf. 7-27.
Slowenien, Kroatien, Serbien
mit K. S. Freyberger, Die Heiligtümer in Kanatha von
Stuckgesimse aus Poetovio. Zur Ausstattung der Wohnhäuser in
hellenistischer bis spätantiker Zeit: Orte der Herrschaft und urbane
den östlichen Canabae. Festschrift zum 100jährigen Bestehen des
Kommunikationszentren. (Damaszener Forschungen, im Druck).
Museumsvereins Ptuj 1993, 341-358.
mit K. S. Freyberger und H. v. Hesberg, Das Theater und die Kultbezirke
Zur Architektur der Mithräen von Poetovio. in: Ptuj im römischen Reich
des römischen Byblos. ZOrA 1, 2008, 90-152.
- Mithraskult und seine Zeit. Akten des Internationalen Symposiums
Rom Ptuj 11.-15.10.1999, Archaeologia Poetovionensis 2, 2001, 167-178.
mit K. S. Freyberger, Neue Forschungen zur Basilica Aemilia auf dem Machtsplitter - Architekturteile aus der Kaiserresidenz Sirmium
Forum Romanum. RM 113, 2007, 493-524. (Sremska Mitrovica). Akten des VIII. Internationalen Kolloquiums
mit K. S. Freyberger, Die Basilica Aemilia auf dem Forum Romanum in über Probleme des provinzialrömischen Kunstschaffens Zagreb 2003
Rom: Ein öffentlicher Luxusbau für Handel und Justiz (Sonderschriften (2005) 311-318.
DAI Rom, im Druck).

Österreich Contact

Römische Architektur in Carnuntum. RLÖ 38, 1991. ch.ertel@aon.at

mit V. Gassner, S. Jilek und H. Stiglitz, Untersuchungen zu den

Gräberfeldern in Carnuntum. Band I: Der archäologische Befund.
RLÖ 40, 1999.
mit V. Hasenbach und S. Deschler-Erb, Kaiserkultbezirk und
Hafenkastell in Brigantium - Ein Gebäudekomplex der frühen und
mittleren Kaiserzeit. Forschungen zur Geschichte Vorarlbergs 10,
Konstanz 2011.
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hebrard i niemann.indd 24-25 12.11.2012. 20:18:24

 Stanko Kokole, Department of the History of Art, Faculty of Arts, of his life at Eugene (Oregon, USA) absorbed in writing a voluminous
University of Ljubljana autobiography that was published in 1970 under the title Iz knjige
Title spominov (literally “From the Book of Memories”). My paper will
„Wer ist dieser Molé?“ A Slovenian Student accordingly focus on Molè’s own account of some of the most telling
of Max Dvořák and Josef Strzygowski in episodes from his decisive formative years in Kraków (1908–1909),
Dalmatia between 1911 and 1914 Rome (1909–1910), and Vienna (1910–1912) – and especially also on
their immediate aftermath – with particular regard to Dalmatia. For,
already in 1911, he was engaged by his other Viennese teacher, Max
Dvořák, to carry out extensive archival research in loco for Dagobert
Frey’s seminal study of the Cathedral of Šibenik. Moreover, in the fall
of 1913 (again thanks to Dvořák) “Herr Dr. Molè” (who had shortly
Abstract
before joined the junior staff of the recently reorganized K.K. Zentral-
Vojeslav (or Wojsław) Molè (1886–1973) – a pupil of Josef Strzygowski,
Kommission für Denkmalpflege) was assigned as a provisorischer
who received his Ph.D. from the University of Vienna in 1912 – is
Praktikant to the Landeskonservatorat in Split, headed by Don Frane
comparatively little known outside his native Slovenia and his much
Bulić, where this young Slovenian intellectual with art-historical,
beloved adoptive homeland, Poland; yet in these two countries he is
archaeological and literary interests quickly earned his learned
still fondly remembered among the truly outstanding art historians of
superior’s trust and affectionate support. A re-examination of Vojeslav
his generation. At the then fledgling University of Ljubljana (founded
Molè’s personal memoirs of his brief sojourn in Split – which was,
in 1919) Molè had taught Classical archaeology and Byzantine art
needless to say, abruptly cut short by the outbreak of World War I in
history between 1920 and 1925 (and was temporarily reappointed
the summer of 1914 – promises additional insights into the specific
between 1940 and 1945 following his lucky escape from the brutalities
political, social and cultural circumstances that jointly reinvigorated
of both Soviet and Nazi occupiers in 1939). For the most part, his
international scholarly interest in the architectural and artistic heritage
distinguished professional career was, however, closely tied up with
of Dalmatia during the last decades of the Habsburg Monarchy.
one of the most venerable academic institutions of Central Europe
– the Jagiellonian University at Kraków, where he has been a highly
honored professor between 1925 and 1939 (and – albeit mistrusted by
the new regime – again between 1945 and 1960). He spent the last years

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 Curriculum vitae Claudia Lang-Auinger, Institute of Cultural History of Antiquity,
Stanko Kokole (born in 1962), who currently teaches at the University Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna
of Ljubljana (Faculty of Arts, Department of the History of Art),
Title
completed his Ph.D. in Art History at the Johns Hopkins University
Niemann’s Task as arbitrator in the Trojan
in 1998, and was subsequently a post-doctoral fellow at the Harvard
controversy
University Center for Italian Renaissance Studies – Villa I Tatti, Florence,
Italy (1999-2000), and at the Humboldt University in Berlin, Germany
(2000-2001), as well as a Senior Fellow at the Center for Advanced
Study in the Visual Arts, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.
(2007-2008). In 2004 he was also the first recipient of the Jacob
Burckhardt-Prize awarded by the Kunsthistorisches Institut in Florenz. Abstract
Dr. Kokole published and lectured extensively in Slovenian, Croatian, In this symposium my speech does not relate directly to Diocletian’s
English, German and Italian on various aspects of Renaissance art and palace. What I would like to show is the way which enabled George
the history of Classical tradition in and beyond the Adriatic Rim. Niemann to manage such a complex task like the graphic representation
of the Diocletian’s palace as well as the preservation of such a historical
monument. In the same way he was fulfilling the highest artistically
Bibliography link and scientific standards.
http://sicris.izum.si/search/rsr.aspx?lang=eng&id=16282&opt=1 An unpublished correspondence between Heinrich Schliemann and
George Niemann demonstrates the high appreciation of this famous
Contact man. These are letters from Schliemann, Dörpfeld and other colleagues
stanko.kokole@ff.uni-lj.si dealing with the well known problem: Schliemann’s results and
interpretation of the Trojan excavation. In this public conflict George
Niemann found convincing arguments, which were based on several
years of experience in different archaeological fields.

28 29

hebrard i niemann.indd 28-29 12.11.2012. 20:18:25

 Curriculum vitae Goran Nikšić, Service for the Old City Core, Split
Claudia Lang-Auinger is a scholar in Classical Archaeology.
Title
Participation in various national and international excavations;
Research and conservation of
member (1980–2009) of the excavation staff at Ephesos. Since 1986
Diocletian’s Palace in the first half of
research associate of the Austrian Academy of Sciences. Lecturer in
20th century
Classical Art at the University of Vienna.

Contact
Claudia.Lang@oeaw.ac.at

Abstract
The aim of the paper is to show how the idealized image of Diocletian’s
Palace, described as a “typical, textbook” example of an ideal building
type – a fortified imperial villa set in an idyllic landscape, a Late
Antique achievement from which Byzantine and medieval architecture
have developed – has facilitated a series of purifications, destructive
archaeological excavations and «heavy» reconstructions, favouring the
antique building, opening up views that never existed, and sometimes
destroying large portions of the city’s historic fabric. During the last
two centuries the historic centre of Split has been a laboratory for
practicing theoretical conservation principles. Of particular interest
is the first half of the 20th century, when the up-to-date conservation
doctrines and the presence of the most prominent Austrian and Italian
scholars influenced the practice of local conservation specialists and
the public opinion on the most important projects.

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 Curriculum vitae List of publications (selection):
Goran Nikšić (Split, 1957), architect (1980 Faculty of Architecture, Prilog o arhitekturi Dioklecijanovog mauzoleja i rekonstrukciji
University of Belgrade). MA in architectural conservation (1992 splitske katedrale u 13. stoljeću (Contribution to the Architecture of
Centre for Conservation Studies, University of York). PhD (2012 Diocletian’s Mausoleum and the Restoration of the Split Cathedral
Faculty of Philosophy, University of Zagreb). As conservation architect in the Thirteenth Century), Petriciolijev zbornik I, Prilozi povijesti
with the Ministry of Culture, Conservation Department in Split umjetnosti u Dalmaciji 35, Split 1995, 105-122.
produced architectural surveys and supervised restoration projects for Marko Andrijić u Korčuli i Hvaru (Marko Andrijić in Korčula and
a series of historic buildings, including cathedrals of Korčula, Hvar, Hvar), Prilozi povijesti umjetnosti u Dalmaciji 37, Split 1997-1998,
Split, Trogir and Šibenik; responsible for the Historic Core of Split and 191-228.
Diocletian’s Palace. Since 2006, as Head of the Service for the Old City
Kor splitske katedrale. (the Choir of the Cathedral of Split), Prilozi
Core has managed a number of planning, restoration, rehabilitation
povijesti umjetnosti u Dalmaciji. 40 (2003-2004), Split 2004, 263-
and maintenance projects for the Municipality of Split. Since 1997 has
305.
lectured architectural conservation at the Restoration Department of
Obnova prezbiterija katedrale Sv. Dujma u doba Tome Arhiđakona
the Academy of Fine Arts, University of Split. Engaged by ICOMOS
(The Reconstruction of the Presbitery in the Cathedral of St.
as expert for assessment of candidates for the World Heritge List.
Domnius during Archdeacon Thomas), in: Proceedings of the
Published articles on his important conservation projects and on local
Symposium on Archdeacon Thomas and His Time, Split: Književni
architectural history, with special interest in the analysis of architecture
krug 2004. 253-268.
and in the research of design methods used for Dalmatian buildings
The Restoration of Diocletian’s Palace - Mausoleum, Temple, and Porta
through history. Also researches the history of conservation in Split in
Aurea (with the analysis of the original architectural design), in:
19th and 20th centuries.
Diokletian und die Tetrarchie, Aspekte einer Zeitenwende / A.
Demandt, A. Goltz, H. Schlange-Schöningen (ed.), Berlin - New
York: Walter de Gruyter 2004, 163-171.
Dioklecijanova palača – od projekta do izvedbe (Diocletian’s Palace –
from Design to Construction), in: Proceedings of the conference
Dioklecijan, tetrarhija i Dioklecijanova palača o 1700. obljetnici
postojanja (Diocletian, Tetrachy and Diocletian’s Palace on the 1700th

32 33

hebrard i niemann.indd 32-33 12.11.2012. 20:18:25

 Anniversary of Existence), Split 2009, 117-134. Pierre Pinon, Ecole Nationale Supérieure d’Architecture de Paris-
The Restoration of the Peristyle of Diocletian’s Palace in Split, in: Belleville, Ecole de Chaillot et chercheur associé à l’Institut National
Toccare - non toccare, Eine internationale Konferenz des Deutschen d’Histoire de l’Art
Nationalkomitees von ICOMOS in Zusamenarbeit mit dem Title

Architekturmuseum und dem Lehrstuhl für Restaurierung, L’étude du Palais de Dioclétien à Split par

Kunsttechnologie und Konservierungwissenschaft der Fakultät für Ernest Hébrard et Jacques Zeiller

Architektur, TUM, München, 78.-8. Dezember 2007, E. Emmerling

(ed.), München 2009, 116-129.
Diocletian’s Palace – Design and Construction, in: Spätantike Paläste und
Großvillen im Donau-Balkan-Raum. Akten des Internationalen
Kolloquiums in Bruckneudorf von 15. bis 18. Oktober 2008., Bonn
Abstract
2011, 187-202.
Ernest Hébrard (1875-1933), architecte, et Jacques Zeiller (1878-
Dioklecijanova palača – reinterpretacija izvorne namjene i arhitekture 1962), se sont rencontrés à Rome où le premier a été pensionnaire
(Diocletian’s Palace – Reinterpretation of Original Purpose and de l’Académie de France (de 1904 à 1908) et le second membre de
Architecture), in: Niš and Byzantium, Tenth Symposium, Niš 3.-5 l’Ecole Française (de 1903 à 1905). Ils ont continué à se fréquenter
June 2011., Collection of Scientific Works X, Miša Rakocija (ed.), après leur séjour à Rome, et ont décidé d’étudier ensemble le Palais
Niš 2012, 219-236. de Dioclétien à Split, sans doute en 1905 ou 1906. Zeiller publiait un
article consacré aux fouilles de Salone dès 1902, et peut-être incita-t-il
Contact son collègue architecte à choisir le Palais de Dioclétien comme sujet de
goran.niksic@split.hr sa « Restauration » de 5ème année. Mais Hébrard, s’intéressant de son
côté à l’Orient, s’était déjà rendu à Constantinople en 1905. Hébrard
séjourna à plusieurs reprises à Split de 1906 à 1908, Zeiller le rejoignant
au printemps 1908. Hébrard rendit sa « Restauration » entre 1907 et
1909, et la publia avec Zeiller en 1912 sous le titre Spalato, le palais de
Dioclétien, préfacée par Charles Diehl. Une maquette fabriquée d’après
sa restitution fut exposée à Rome en 1911. Hébrard pratiqua plusieurs
campagnes de fouilles, avec l’autorisation de Mgr Frane Bulic. Il explora
34 35

hebrard i niemann.indd 34-35 12.11.2012. 20:18:26

 particulièrement les souterrains du Palais. Ses relevés et sa restitution Publications sur l’histoire de l’archéologie:
sont d’une grande qualité, ainsi que ses nombreuses photographies.
Hébrard était excellent photographe comme le montrent ses clichés de Réutilisations anciennes et dégagements modernes de monuments
Rome, de Grèce, de Turquie et d’Indochine. antiques: Arles, Nîmes, Orange et Trèves, Tours, Cæsarodunum, suppl.
Hébrard s’était rendu célèbre auparavant par son projet de Centre n° 31, 1978;
Mondial avec H. Ch. Andersen. Après Split, Hébrard s’intéressa aux Pompéi: travaux et envois des architectes français au XIXe siècle (avec L.
monuments seldjoukides de Konya Anatolie (1913) et aux monuments Mascoli, G. Vallet et F. Zevi), Paris-Naples, Ecole Française de Rome,
romains et byzantins de Salonique (1920-1921) ; Salonique dont il avait 1981;
élaboré le plan et dirigé la reconstruction, après l’incendie de 1917, et La Laurentine, (avec M. Culot), Paris, Fribourg, Montréal, IFA - Le
ce jusqu’en 1920. Moniteur, Paris, 1982; Architecture et urbanisme en Gaule romaine
Zeiller avait publié en 1906, Les origines chrétiennes de la province de (avec R. Chevallier et R. Bedon), 2 vol., Editions Errance, Paris, 1988;
Dalmatie. Il a enseigné d’abord à l’Université de Fribourg (Suisse), puis Les Envois de Rome (1778-1968). Architecture et archéologie (avec F.-X.
fut Directeur des études d’épigraphie latine et d’antiquités romaines Amprimoz), Collection de l’Ecole Française de Rome, n° 110, Rome,
à l’Ecole des Hautes Etudes. Il devint membre de l’Académie des 1988;
Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres en 1940. Son œuvre principale est la La Gaule retrouvée, Collection Découvertes, Gallimard, Paris, 1991
publication des Inscriptions latines d’Algérie (1957). (2ème éd. 1997, 3ème éd. 2001, 4ème 2006);
« La transformaciòn desde la ciudad antigua a la ciudad medieval
Curriculum vitae permanencia y transformaciòn de los tejidos urbanos en Mediterràneo
Pierre Pinon, né en 1945, est architecte, docteur de 3ème cycle en oriental  », dans La ciudad medieval : de la casa al tejido urbano (J.
archéologie (université de Tours), docteur ès-Lettres (université Paris- Passini dir.), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo-Cuenca,
IV-Sorbonne, Histoire du monde moderne et contemporain). Il est 2001, p. 179-213.
professeur à l’Ecole Nationale Supérieure d’Architecture de Paris- Albert Gabriel (1883-1972). Architecte, archéologue, artiste, voyageur
Belleville, professeur à l’Ecole de Chaillot et chercheur associé à (dir.), Yapı Kredi-INHA-IFEA, Istanbul, 2006;
l’Institut National d’Histoire de l’Art. Pierre-Adrien Pâris (1745-1819), architecte, et les monuments antiques
Il est ancien pensionnaire de l’Académie de France à Rome et chevalier de Rome et de la Campanie, Ecole Française de Rome, 2007.
des Arts et Lettres. Il travaille sur l’histoire de l’architecture, de
l’urbanisme et de l’archéologie, notamment aux XVIIIe et XIXe siècles. Contact
pierrepinon@hotmail.com
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 Sandro Scarrocchia, Accademia di Brera, Milano Curriculum vitae
Sandro Scarrocchia, (Casperia 1952), architect (graduated in 1977 from
Title
the Faculty of Architecture, University of Florence) and art historian
Centralità di Spalato nella teoria
(masters degree in 1983 in medieval and modern art from the Faculty
e storia della conservazione dei
of Philosophy, University of Bologna; PhD in 1995 from the Faculty of
monumenti
Philosophy at the Friedrich Wilhelm University, Bonn).
Scholar of many research institutes, including the Austrian
Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft und Forschung, the Institute
of art history at Vienna University and the Austrian Federal Office

Abstract for monument conservation (Bundesdenkmalamt); Deutsches

A Spalato si teatralizza, su di un palcoscenico storico che vede attori Akademisches Austauschdienst (D.A.A.D., German Office for

molti protagonisti di rilevanza internazionale della storia dell’arte, Academic Exchange), Bonn: Italian National Research Centre (C.N.R.)

della tutela e del restauro del Novecento, il grande conflitto tra il valore and distinguished scholar of The Getty Research Institute for the

dell’antichità con tutta la sua carica mitologica e simbolica, da un lato, e, History of Art and the Humanities, he has taught in many Universities,

dall’altro, il valore dell’antico, cioè il valore della stratificazione e dell’unità including the University of Udine, Politecnico Milan, Biagio Rossetti

ambientale (disomogenea), con le sue implicazioni antropologiche e Faculty of Architecture at Ferrara University, Aldo Rossi Faculty of

sociali moderne, aperte su di un orizzonte culturale allora agli albori, che Architecture at Bologna University, the Design Institutes of Faenza

solo dopo tre guerre, due mondiali e una interetnica non meno tragica (ISIA) and Turin (IED), the Faculty of Engineering at Bergamo

e infausta delle prime due, poteva essere limpidamente riconosciuto. University and the Academy of Fine Arts in Bologna, Ravenna and

Consapevoli del ruolo strategico che Spalato rivestiva all’interno della Turin.

neonata disciplina della conservazione, per primi in assoluto (e con Professor of Design Methodology and Conservation Theories and

sessanta anni di anticipo sulla Carta di Gubbio), i maestri viennesi Riegl History at the Brera Academy of Fine Arts, Milan, he has carried out

e Dvořàk considerarono la città dalmata come un unico monumento, academic exchanges with the University of Bamberg and the Academy

come uno stratificato e, proprio in ragione di ciò, prezioso complesso of Fine Arts in Vienna and Cracow.

architettonico e ambientale patrimonio dell’umanità.

38 39

hebrard i niemann.indd 38-39 12.11.2012. 20:18:26

 His publications include: Marko Špikić, Art History Department, Faculty of Humanities and
Albert Speer e Marcello Piacentini, Milan, Skirà 1999; Social Sciences, Zagreb
Leopardi e la Recanti analoga, Milan, Unicopli 2001; Title
Oltre la storia dell’arte. Alois Riegl vita e opera di un protagonista della Cornelius Gurlitt and the Treatment of
cultura viennese, Milan, Christian Marinotti 2006; the Diocletian’s Palace in Split
Max Dvořák. Conservazione e Moderno in Austria (1905-1921), Milan,
Franco Angeli 2009;
as editor Alois Riegl, Teoria e prassi della conservazione (1st ed. Clueb
1995; 2nd ed. Gedid 2005);
(with D. Primerano) Il duomo di Trento tra tutela e restauro 1858-2008,
Abstract
Trento, Temi 2008; Alois Riegl, Il culto moderno dei monumenti, Milan,
Abscondita 2011 The problem of treatment of historical monuments in Europe reached
and the collected works of Max Dvořák concerning the conservation its peak at the beginning of the 20th century. After several decades of
of monuments, printed on behalf of the Austrian Federal Office fervent discussions and polemics on the proper method of treatment,
for the Conservation of Monuments (Max Dvorák, Schriften zur initiated by Ruskin’s critique of stylistic restoration in his Lamp of
Denkmalpflege, Gesammelt und kommentiert von Sandro Scarrocchia, Memory, there appeared in fin-de-siècle Central Europe and Italy a
BDA, Bd. 22, Böhlau Verlag, Wien-Köln-Weimar 2012). new approach to conservation promoting keywords such as Pflege,
Erhaltung, conservazione, and manutenzione. As is well known, it had
its protagonists in the eminent art history scholars and architects such
Contact as Boito, Thausing, Riegl, Dehio, Dvořák, Giovannoni and Gurlitt. At
sandro@scarrocchia.it the beginning of the 20th century Cornelius Gurlitt was one of the
leading promoters of the modern cult of monuments in Germany,
participating at the conferences Tage der Denkmalpflege since their
beginning in Dresden in 1900. His discussions and critiques of Viollet-
le-Duc’s principles are well documented, while the minutes of the
German conferences establish him as one of the pioneers of the motto
Konservieren, statt restaurieren! Thanks to his visit to Zagreb in 1908,

40 41

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 where he held a lecture on the founding of the cities, Gurlitt has been Georg Vasold, Kunsthistorisches Institut Freie Universität Berlin
referenced in Croatian historiography of art and conservation. This
paper will explore Gurlitt’s connections with Split and his perception Title

of Diocletian’s Palace in the context of the discussions on sventramenti Exhibiting Dalmatia on the Eve of the Great

and isolamenti, on one hand, and conservation of Stimmung and War: The Vienna Adria-Ausstellung in

picturesqueness of the heterogeneous monumental complex, on the 1913

other.

Curriculum vitae

Born in Zagreb in 1973, degrees in Art History and Comparative

Abstract
Literature from the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences in
The paper is going to analyze the so called “Adria-Ausstellung”,
Zagreb (BA thesis: Conservation of Architectural Heritage in the
which was opened on May 3rd 1913, and being one of the biggest
Theory and Practice of Leon Battista Alberti) in 1998. From December
exhibitions that ever took place in pre-war Vienna. Planned by the
1999: Teaching assistant at the Art History Department, in Zagreb. In
“Österreichischer Flottenverein” – an organization close to the Austrian
November 2003: MA Thesis Presentation of Antiquities in the Texts of
Government – and located in the Vienna Prater, this exhibition was
Italian Humanism in the first half of the 15th Century. From March
a monstrous endeavor to represent Dalmatia en miniature. From the
to May 2006: pre-doctoral grant Ernst Mach in Vienna. In December
Prater Rotunda southwards an enormous 300 m long hole was dug out
2007: PhD Thesis Francesco Carrara (1812-1854): Antiquarian and
and filled with water – the Adriatic Sea. At the coast some of the most
Conservator from Split. From 2010: Assistant professor at the Art
famous Dalmatian buildings were reconstructed, among others Zadar’s
History Department in Zagreb. From September 2011: President of
City gate (Kopnena vrata) and the Rector’s palace in Dubrovnik. My
ICOMOS Croatia. Fields of interest: history and theory of architectural
paper will try to explore the historical background of this somehow
conservation, study of monuments from Renaissance humanism to the
bizarre theme park. Far from being just a representation of Dalmatian
20th century, history of archaeology and conservation in Europe and
art and architecture, the “Adria-Ausstellung” obviously had several
in Croatia.
goals. First, it was intended to enhance the tourism by showing the
beauty of Dalmatia. And second, the exhibition was a welcome means
Contact
to demonstrate the military force of the Austro-Hungarian armada.
mspikic@ffzg.hr; mspikicffzg@gmail.com
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 This political aspect especially has become important in summer 1913,
when the Scutari-crisis and the Second Balkan-war destabilized the
whole Habsburg Monarchy.

Curriculum vitae
Georg Vasold, studied art history in Vienna (Austria) and Utrecht
(Netherlands), Dissertation 2004 (Alois Riegl und die Kunstgeschichte
als Kulturgeschichte, Freiburg in Breisgau 2004). Employed as teaching
assistant at the Institute of Art History, University of Vienna (2004–
2011). Currently member of the research group “Transkulturelle
Verhandlungsräume von Kunst” (Transultural Negotiations in the
Ambits of Art), at the Freie Universität Berlin, Germany. Research on the
art-theory ca. 1900, and art of the 1950ies in Austria and Germany.

Contact
georg.vasold@fu-berlin.de

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 Conference organized by
Joško Belamarić & Marko Špikić

Institute of art history

Centre Cvito Fiskovic
Kruziceva ulica 7
21000 Split, Croatia

www.ipu.hr

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