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    PIC Introduction PDF

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    Peeyush Kp
    The document provides information about embedded systems and microcontrollers, with a focus on PIC microcontrollers. It discusses what embedded systems are and examples of applications. It then describes features of PIC microcontrollers like memory, speed, peripherals, and instruction sets. Specifically, it summarizes the PIC16F877A microcontroller, including its memory map, block diagram, and commonly used instructions like MOVLW, MOVWF, MOVF, and BSF.

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    PIC Introduction PDF

    Uploaded by

    Peeyush Kp
    127 views46 pages
    The document provides information about embedded systems and microcontrollers, with a focus on PIC microcontrollers. It discusses what embedded systems are and examples of applications. It then describes features of PIC microcontrollers like memory, speed, peripherals, and instruction sets. Specifically, it summarizes the PIC16F877A microcontroller, including its memory map, block diagram, and commonly used instructions like MOVLW, MOVWF, MOVF, and BSF.

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    PIC Introduction.pdf

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    The document provides information about embedded systems and microcontrollers, with a focus on PIC microcontrollers. It discusses what embedded systems are and examples of applications. It then describes features of PIC microcontrollers like memory, speed, peripherals, and instruction sets. Specifically, it summarizes the PIC16F877A microcontroller, including its memory map, block diagram, and commonly used instructions like MOVLW, MOVWF, MOVF, and BSF.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    127 views46 pages

    PIC Introduction PDF

    Uploaded by

    Peeyush Kp
    The document provides information about embedded systems and microcontrollers, with a focus on PIC microcontrollers. It discusses what embedded systems are and examples of applications. It then describes features of PIC microcontrollers like memory, speed, peripherals, and instruction sets. Specifically, it summarizes the PIC16F877A microcontroller, including its memory map, block diagram, and commonly used instructions like MOVLW, MOVWF, MOVF, and BSF.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 46

    PIC

    MICROCONTROLLERS

    Peeyush.K.P.
    Amrita School of Engineering
    Coimbatore
    What is an Embedded System?
    Communication

    Avionics

    Automobile

    Consumer
    Electronics
    Office Equipments

    Household
    2 Appliances
    What is an Embedded system?

    System in which software is embedded into the


    hardware ( firmware).

    The core part of the system will be a programmable device.


    Automotive Embedded Systems
     Today’s high-end automobile have > 80
    microprocessors:
     4-bit microcontroller checks seat belt;
     microcontrollers run dashboard devices;
     16/32-bit microprocessor controls engine.
     Millions lines of code

    4
    Vending Machines

    5
    Sojourner

    6
    GPS Receivers

    7
    Why Embedded systems?
     Reduced number of components.
     Reduced size.
     Reduced cost.
     Reduced power consumption.
     Easier upgradation.
     Easier troubleshooting & maintenance.
     Best suited for specific controlling applications.
    Why uC?
     Microprocessor:
    • Requires ‘external’ support hardware
    • E.g., External RAM, ROM, Peripherals.
    • Application:Processing-Arithmetic,logic operations.
     Microcontroller:
    • Very little external support hardware/Stand alone.
    • Most RAM, ROM and peripherals on chip.
    • “Computer on a chip”, or “System on chip” (SOC)
    • E.g., PIC = Peripheral Interface Controller
    • Application: Controlling purposes.
    Microcontroller
    VARIOUS MICROCONTROLLERS
     8 bit microcontrollers
     Microchip - PIC 12 & 16 Series.
     Atmel - 89c51
     Intel - 8051
     Motorola - 68HCxx series
     16 bit microcontrollers
     Microchip - PIC 18 series
     32 bit microcontrollers
     ARM Processors
     DSP based microcontrollers
     Shark
    Two Different Architectures
    RISC vs. CISC

     Reduced Instruction Set  Complex Instruction Set


    Computer (RISC) Computer (CISC)
     Used in: SPARC, ALPHA,  Used in: 80X86, 8051,
    Atmel AVR, etc. 68HC11, etc.
     Few instructions  Many instructions
    (usually < 50) (usually > 100)
     Only a few addressing  Several addressing modes
    modes  Usually takes more than 1
     Executes 1 instruction in 1 internal clock cycle (Tcyc)
    internal clock cycle (Tcyc) to execute
    WHY PIC ?
    WHY PIC ?

     PICs use the Harvard Architecture


     PICs and most Harvard chips are “RISC”
     35 Instructions
     Executes 1 instruction in 1 internal clock cycle
     In-Circuit Serial Programmable (ICSP) – via two pins.
     Available in different packages
    Features

     Power On Reset Timer


     Oscillator Startup Timer
     WatchDog Timer
     Sink/Source Current – 25ma
     Flash Programming
    POR/Oscillator Startup Timer
    WatchDog Timer

    00
    01
    02
    ..
    ..
    FF

    Roll Over
    00
    Sink/Source Current – 25ma
    The PIC Family: Cores
    PICs come with 1 of 3 CPU ‘cores’:
    The Base-line : 12bit cores with 33 instructions.
    Eg:12C50x, 12C67x
    The Mid-Range : 14bit cores with 35 instructions.
    Eg:16C5x,16Cxxx
    The High-End : 16bit cores with 58 instructions.
    Eg:17C4x,17C7xx
    ‘Enhanced’ 16bit cores with 77 instructions: 18Cxxx
    Areas of Application.
     Base-line
     Inexpensive controllers, glue logic, simple tasks.
     E.g., quadrature decoding, digital interfacing.
     Mid-range
     Multitasking programs, serial communication.
     E.g., Cheap data acquisition system and digital I/O
    system for PC off COM ports, data logging.
     High-end
     RTOS, low end DSP, communications, big moosey
    applications.
     E.g., FEC converter, Rocket Flight Computer, cheap
    FFT chip.
    Program Memory (ROM)-size

    PIC program space is different for each chip.

    Some examples are:

    12C508 512 12bit instructions


    16C71C 1024 (1k) 14bit instructions
    16F877 8192 (8k) 14bit instructions
    17C766 16384 (16k) 16bit instructions
    Program Memory (ROM)-types

    PICs have two different types of program storage:

    EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory)


    Needs high voltage from a programmer to program
    (~13V)
    Needs windowed chips and UV light to erase
    Note: One Time Programmable (OTP) chips are EPROM
    chips, but with no glass window. ( ‘CR’ )
    PIC Examples: Any ‘C’ part: 12C50x, 17C7xx, etc.
    Program Memory (ROM)-types.

    FLASH
    Re-writable (even by chip itself)
    Much faster to develop on!
    Finite number of writes (~100k Writes)
    PIC Examples: Any ‘F’ part: 16F84, 16F87x,
    18Fxxx (future)
    Data Memory (RAM-volatile)
    PICs use general purpose “file registers” for RAM (each
    register is 8bits for all PICs)

    Some examples are:


    12C508 25 Bytes RAM
    16C71C 36 Bytes RAM
    16F877 368 Bytes
    17C766 902 Bytes RAM
    Data Memory (EEPROM non-volatile)

     For permanent storage of data.


     Available in few PICs only.
     Eg:16F8X,12CE5XX,16F87X
    Speed
    PICs require a clock to work.
    Can use crystals, clock oscillators, or even an RC circuit.
    Some PICs have a built in 4MHz RC clock
    - Not very accurate, but requires no external components!
    Instruction speed = 1/4 clock speed (Tcyc = 4 * Tclk)
    All PICs can be run from DC to their maximum spec’d
    speed:
    12C50x 4MHz
    12C67x 10MHz
    16Cxxx 20MHz
    17C4x /17C7xxx 33MHz
    18Cxxx 40MHz
    Peripherals
    Different PICs have different on-board peripherals

    Some common peripherals are:


     Tri-state (“floatable”) digital I/O pins.

     Analog to Digital Converters (ADC) (8, 10 and


    12bit, 50ksps).
    2
     Serial communications: UART (RS-232C), SPI, I C,
    CAN.
     Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) (10bit).

     Timers and counters (8 and 16bit).

     Watchdog timers, Brown out detect, LCD drivers.


    Packages
    PICs come in a huge variety of packages:

    8 pin DIPs, SOICs: 12C50x (12bit) , 12C67x (14bit)


    18pin DIPs, SOICs: 16C5X (12bit), 16Cxxx (14bit)
    28pin DIPs, SOICs: 16C5X (12bit), 16Cxxx (14bit)
    40pin DIPs, SOICs: 16Cxxx (14bit), 17C4x (16bit)
    44 - 68pin PLCCs*: 16Cxxx (14bit), 17Cxx (16bit)
    Commonly used mid range series
    PICs

     The 16F8x series- 16F84.


     The 16F7x series- 16F73,74,76,77.
     The 16F87x series- 16F873, 874,876,877.
    Comparison of Commonly Used
    Mid range series of PIC
    16f8X 7X 87X
    Operating Speed
    Clock input 10MHz 20MHz 20MHz
    Instruction cycle 400ns 200ns 200ns
    Stack levels 2 8 8
    Data EEPROM Yes No Yes
    Timers 8bit X 1 8bit X 2 + 16bit X 1 8bit X 2 + 16bit X 1
    CCP modules No 2 2
    ADC No 8bit 10bit
    USART/SCI No 1 1
    SSP/SPI/I2C No 1 1
    Interrupt on Pin Change No Yes Yes
    Comparison of Commonly Used
    Mid range series of PIC
    83 84 73/873 74/874 76/876 77/877

    Total pins 18 18 28 40 28 40

    I/O Ports A,B A,B A,B,C A,B,C,D,E A,B,C A,B,C,D,E


    I/O Pins 13 13 22 33 22 33

    Prog. m/y 512 B 1 KB 4 KB 4 KB 8 KB 8 KB

    Data m/y 36 B 68 B 192 B 192 B 368 B 368 B

    EEPROM 64 64 128 128 256 256

    PSP No No No Yes No Yes


    ADC channels NA NA 5 8 5 8
    BOR No No Yes Yes Yes Yes
    PIC 16F874/877
    PIC 16F874/877
    PIN DIAGRAM
    PIC16F877A Block Diagram
    Instruction
    Memory Data
    Memory

    Instruction
    Data Bus
    Bus
    Must be
    involved in all
    arithmetic
    operations

    Most
    important
    register in
    the PIC
    PIC16F877A Memory
     The PIC16F877A has an 8192 (8k) 14bit instruction
    program memory

     368 Bytes Registers as Data Memory :


     Special Function Registers: used to control peripherals
    and PIC behaviors
     General Purpose Registers: used to a normal
    temporary storage space (RAM)

     256 Bytes of nonvolatile EEPROM


    PIC16F877A Memory Map
    SFR

    www.greytechnologies.net
    INSTRUCTION SET
    1) Move Literal Value To Work Register
    Syntax : MOVLW <LITERAL>
    Eg: MOVLW 0X02

    2) Move Content of Work Reg. To File Reg.


    Syntax : MOVWF <FILE REG>
    Eg : MOVWF PORTA

    3) Move Content of File Reg. To Desti.


    Syntax : MOVF <FILE REG>,<DESTI.>
    Eg : MOVF PORTA,0
    Eg : MOVF PORTA,1
    INSTRUCTION SET
    1) Bit Set File Register
    Syntax : BSF <File Reg>,<Bit>
    Eg: BSF PORTA,1

    2) Bit Clear File Register


    Syntax : BCF <File Reg>,<Bit>
    Eg : BCF PORTA,1
    INSTRUCTION SET
    1) Bit Test File Register Skip if Set
    Syntax : BTFSS <File Reg>,<Bit>
    Eg: BTFSS PORTA,1

    2) Bit Test File Register Skip if Clear


    Syntax : BTFSC <File Reg>,<Bit>
    Eg : BTFSC PORTA,1
    INSTRUCTION SET
    1) Decrement File Register Skip if Zero
    Syntax : DECFSZ <File Reg>,<Desti.>
    Eg: DECFSZ COUNT,1

    2) Increment File Register Skip if Zero


    Syntax : INCFSZ <File Reg>,<Desti.>
    Eg : INCFSZ COUNT,1
    Programming PIC
    Basic Circuit
    Thank You For
    Your Kind
    Attention……

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