BICYCLE SPRAYER MACHINE

MAJOR PROJECT REPORT

Submitted in partial fulfilment for the award of

Bachelor of Engineering

In

Mechanical Engineering

RAJIV GANDHI PROUDYOGIKI VISHWAVIDYALAYA BHOPAL (M.P)

MINOR PROJECT REPORT

Submitted By

ANAND GIRI (0198ME151008)

ANIT KUSHWAHA (0198ME151012)

ANIL PRAJAPATI (0198ME151010)

DINESH PRAJAPATI (0198ME151023)

TRINITY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & RESEARCH

BHOPAL (M.P)

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 TRINITY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & RESEARCH
(Approved by AICTE New Delhi, Affiliated to RGPV And BU, Bhopal)
KOKTA BY PASS,RAISEN ROAD,BHOPAL,MADHYA PRADESH

CERTIFICATE

This is to be certified that ANAND GIRI, ANIT KUSHWAHA, ANIL PRAJAPATI,

DINESH PRAJAPATI student of IV year B.E., VIII semester of Mechanical Engineering
Department, Trinity Institute Of Technology & Research, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki
Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal (M.P.) have completed.
Major Project entitled "BICYCLE SPRAYER MACHINE". They have submitted
their Project Report for the partial fulfillment of the curriculum of the Degree of Bachelor of
Mechanical Engineering from, Trinity Institute Of Technology & Research, Rajiv Gandhi
Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal (M.P.).

Lt. PIYUSH NEMA MD.ILYAS KHAN

(HEAD OF DEPARTMENT, MECHANICAL) (PRINCICAL)

PROF. ROHIT SONI

(GUIDE, DEPT. OF ME)

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 TRINITY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & RESEARCH

(Approved by AICTE New Delhi, Affiliated to RGPV And BU, Bhopal )

KOKTA BY PASS,RAISEN ROAD,BHOPAL,MADHYA PRADESH

Department of Mechanical Engineering

CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL

This dissertation entitled “BICYCLE SPRAYER MACHINE” has been completed by

ANAND GIRI (0198ME151008), ANIT KUSHWAHA (0198ME151012), ANIL
PRAJAPATI (0198ME151010), DINESH PRAJAPATI (0198ME151023) has been
examined by us and is hereby approved for the award of degree "Bachelor of
Engineering in Mechanical Engineering" for which it has been submitted. It is
understood that by this approval the under designed do not necessarily endorse or
approved any the dissertation only for the purpose for which it has been submitted.

(Internal Examiner) (External Examiner)

Date: Date:

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 TRINITY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & RESEARCH

(Approved by AICTE New Delhi, Affiliated to RGPV And BU, Bhopal )

KOKTA BY PASS,RAISEN ROAD,BHOPAL,MADHYA PRADESH

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The completion of any inter-disciplinary project depends upon cooperation and combined
effort of several sources of knowledge. We are very thankful to Mr. ROHIT SONI SIR for
his special support in building this project and allowing us to use the workshop.

We are grateful for the co-operation and constant encouragement from my honorable Head of
Department Lt. Piyush Nema. His regular suggestions made my work easy and proficient.

We are also grateful to our respected Principal MD.ILYAS KHAN of Trinity Institute Of
Technology & Research, Bhopal for permitting us to utilize all the neccessary facilities of the
institute.

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 TRINITY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & RESEARCH

(Approved by AICTE New Delhi, Affiliated to RGPV And BU, Bhopal )

KOKTA BY PASS,RAISEN ROAD,BHOPAL,MADHYA PRADESH

DECLARATION

We hereby declare that the project work entitled "BYCYCLE SPRAYER MACHINE"
submitted to Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal (M.P.), is a record of an
original work done by, Trinity Institute Of Technology & Research, and this project work is
subbmitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of
Bachelore of Engineering in Mechanical Engineering. The results embodied in this thesis have
not been submitted to any other University or Insitute for the award of any degree.

ANAND GIRI
(0198ME151008)

ANIT KUSHWAHA
(0198ME151012)

ANIL PRAJAPATI
(0198ME151010)

DINESH PRAJAPATI
(0198ME151023)

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 TRINITY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & RESEARCH

(Approved by AICTE New Delhi, Affiliated to RGPV And BU, Bhopal )

KOKTA BY PASS,RAISEN ROAD,BHOPAL,MADHYA PRADESH

ABSTRACT

There are many types of pesticides sprayer are available in India. But mostly used sprayer is
backpack type sprayer which is used by farmers because it is cheaper, easy to use and main
thing about it is less costly. With the help of this machine farmer spray pesticides in their farm,
but it requires lot of time and thus high operational cost. Also, the farmer which is spraying
pesticides is affected by it as it is harmful to human health and human also affect by the lumbar
pain due to weight of equipment. This method used lots of time and affects human health
adversely. This paper suggests machines which will save time and operational cost. Also saves
human from affecting adversely.

Present scenario in agricultural field in India related to sprayer is that farmers are using hand
operated sprayer or motorized sprayer. According to idea in our project we are making a small
1 wheel kart or vehicle which is manually operated by an operator.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE Page Number

Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION 8
Chapter 2: LITERATURE REVIEWS 10
Chapter3: METHODOLOGY 12
Chapter 4: WORKING OF CYCLE SPRAYERS 17
Chapter 5: COST ANALYSIS 19
Chapter 6: APPLICATION & ADVANTAGES 20
Chapter 7: OUTCOME 22
Chapter 8: CONCLUSION 23
Chapter 9: REFERENCES 24

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 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

I.Present Method for Sprayering the Fertilizer

A sprayer is a device used to spray a liquid, where sprayers are commonly used for projection
of water, weed killers, crop performance materials, pest maintenance chemicals, as well as
manufacturing and production line ingredients. In agriculture, a sprayer is a piece
of equipment that is used to apply herbicides, pesticides, and fertilizers on agricultural crops.
Sprayers range in size from man-portable units (typically backpacks with spray guns) to trailed
sprayers that are connected to a tractor, to self-propelled units similar to tractors, with boom
mounts of 4-30 feet up to 60–151 feet in length depending on engineering design for tractor
and land size.

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 II. INTRODUCTION OF MECHANISM
Spray bottles are an extremely useful type of machine and an excellent demonstration of basic
plumbing principles. A spray-bottle head is made up of only a few parts. It has a trigger lever,
which activates a small pump. This pump is attached to a plastic tube that draws cleaning fluid
from the bottom of the reservoir. The pump forces this liquid down a narrow barrel and out a
small hole at the gun's muzzle. The hole, or nozzle, serves to focus the flowing liquid so that it
forms a concentrated stream.

The only complex element in this design is the fluid pump, and it's about as simple as they
come. The main moving element is a piston, housed inside a cylinder. Inside the cylinder, there
is a small spring. To operate the pump, you pull the trigger back, pushing the piston into the
cylinder. The moving piston compresses the spring, so when you release the trigger, the piston
is pushed back out of the cylinder. These two strokes of the piston, into the cylinder and out
again, constitute the entire pump cycle.

The down stroke, the piston pushing in, shrinks the area of the cylinder, forcing fluid out of the
pump. The upstroke, the spring pushing the piston back out, expands the cylinder area, sucking
fluid into the pump. In a spray bottle, you need to suck cleaning fluid in from the reservoir
below and force it out through the barrel above. In order to get all of the fluid moving through
the barrel, the pump must only force the fluid up -- it cannot force the fluid back into the
reservoir. In other words, the fluid must move through the pump in only one direction.

The device that makes this possible is called a one-way valve. A spray bottle has two one-way
valves in the pumping system: one between the pump and the reservoir and one between the
pump and the nozzle. Typically, the valve between the pump and the reservoir consists of a
tiny rubber ball that rests neatly inside a small seal. The sides of the seal are angled so that the
ball won't fall through. Depending on the design, either gravity or a small spring holds this ball
against the seal so that the water passageway is blocked off when you are not pumping. When
the piston moves out (when you release the trigger), the expanding area of the cylinder sucks
on the fluid below, pulling the ball up out of the seal. Since the ball is lifted up, fluid is free to
flow from the reservoir. But when you squeeze the trigger, the outward force of the moving
fluid pushes the ball into the seal, blocking off the passageway to the reservoir. Consequently,
the pressurized fluid is pushed only into the barrel.

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 CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW

Spraying Methods: One of the more common forms of pesticide application, especially in
conventional agriculture, is the use of mechanical sprayers. 1) Backpack (Knapsack) Sprayer:
One type of backpack sprayer is a compressed air sprayer with a harness that allows it to be
carried on the operator's back. Another type of backpack sprayer has a hand-operated hydraulic
pump that forces liquid pesticide through a hose and one or more nozzles. The pump is usually
activated by moving a lever. A mechanical agitator plate may be attached to the pump plunger.
Some of these sprayers can generate pressures of 100 pounds per square inch (psi) or more.
Capacity of both these types of backpack sprayers is usually 5 gallons or less. Hydraulic
sprayers consist of a tank, a pump, a lance (for single nozzles) or boom, and a nozzle (or
multiple nozzles). Sprayers convert a pesticide formulation, often containing a mixture of
water (or another liquid chemical carrier, such as fertilizer) and chemical, into droplets, which
can be large rain-type drops or tiny almost-invisible particles.

This conversion is accomplished by forcing the spray mixture through a spray nozzle under
pressure. The size of droplets can be altered through the use of different nozzle sizes, or by
altering the pressure under which it is forced, or a combination of both. Large droplets have the
advantage of being less susceptible to spray drift, but require more water per unit of land
covered. Due to static electricity, small droplets are able to maximize contact with a target
organism, but very still wind conditions are required. But, in this type of spraying, the labor
has to carry all the weight of the pesticides filled tank which causes fatigue to labor and hence
reduces the human capacity. 2) Lite-Trac: Lite-Trac is a trading name of Holme Farm Supplies
Ltd, a manufacturer of agricultural machinery registered in England and based in
Peterborough.The Lite-Trac name comes from "lite tractor", due to the patented chassis design
enabling the inherently very heavy machines manufactured by the company to have a light
footprint for minimum soil compaction. Agricultural Fertilizers and Pesticides Sprayers - A
Review (IJIRST/ Volume 1 / Issue 11 / 008) All rights reserved by www.ijirst.org 46 Holme
Farm Supplies Ltd agricultural products, sold under the Lite-Trac name, include tool carriers,
self-propelled lime and fertilizer spreaders, sprayers, granular applicators and tank masters.
Lite-Trac is currently the manufacturer of Europe's largest four-wheeled self-propelled crop

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sprayers. The company's products are identifiable by the combination of unpainted stainless
steel tanks and booms with bright yellow cabs and detailing.

A Lite-Trac crop sprayer, or liquid fertilizer applicator, mounts onto the SS2400 Tool Carrier
centrally between both axles to maintain equal weight distribution on all four wheels and a low
centre of gravity whether empty or full. The stainless steel tanks are manufactured in capacities
of up to 8,000 liters, whilst Pommieraluminium booms of up to 48 meters can be fitted, making
these Europe’s largest four-wheeled self-propelled sprayers. 3) Motorcycle Driven Multi-
Purpose Farming Device (Bullet Santi): In 1994, MansukhbhaiJagani, developed an attachment
for a motorbike to get a multi-purpose tool bar.

It which addresses the twin problems of farmers in Saurashtra namely paucity of laborers and
shortage of bullocks. This motor cycle driven plough (Bullet Santi) can be used to carry out
various farming operations like furrow opening, sowing, inter-culturing and spraying
operations. Mansukhbhai’s intermediate-technology contraption proved efficient and cost-
effective for small-sized farms. It could plough one acre (0.4 ha) of land in less than half an
hour on just two liters of diesel oil. Using motorbike-santi, the cost of weeding a typical field
was found to be just Rs 8/ha because as much as 10 ha land could be covered in a single day.
But, this spraying equipment needs fuel for its running and proper operation which increases its
operating cost. 4)

Aerial Sprayer: Aerial sprayer is another type of spraying; it is beneficial for the farmers
having large farms. This technique is not affordable by farmers having small and medium
farm. It is modern technique in agricultural field. In aerial spraying the spraying is done with
the help of small helicopter controlled by remote. On that sprayer is attached having multiple
nozzles and sprayed it on the farm from some altitude. It is less time consuming and less
human effort required spraying fertilizers.

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 CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY

1. COMPONENT USED & SPECIFICATION

The main components which are used in designing and forming the model project are listed
below with use number component used in the project work.

S.NO NAME OF PART NO.OF MATERIAL

PART

01 Reciprocating 01 PVC & Steel

sprayer
02 Connecting rod 01 Alloy Steel

03 Sprocket 01 Steel
04 Bearing 02 Steel & M.S.
05 Chain 01 Alloy Steel
06 Pipe 01 PVC
07 Holding stand 01 M.S.
08 Other accessories 01

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RECIPROCATING SPRAYER

Generally farmer uses traditional way that is spray carried on backpack and spraying crop this
becomes time consuming, costly and human fatigue is major concern. Present day in
agriculture the sprayers play an important role in spraying pesticide. Although sprayers varies
like motorized, hand operated. Spraying pesticide is an important process in farming. Now
days, there are many types of pesticide sprayer already in market. For the different types of
pesticide sprayer there are have a different shapes, sizes, method to carry it but the function are
same. The current idea on sprayer in our project is to utilize effectively for reducing time of
spraying, human efforts and cost of spraying.

The conventional sprayer having some difficulties such as it needs lot of effort to push the liver
up and down in order to create the pressure to spray. Another difficulty of petrol sprayer is to
need to purchase the fuel which increases the running cost of the sprayer; it produces more
vibrations and noise that irritates the farmer and he refuse to do such work repeatedly. In order
to overcome these difficulties, we have proposed a wheel driven sprayer, it is a portable device
and no need of any fuel to operate, which is easy to move and sprays the pesticide by moving
the wheel. The mechanism involve in this sprayer is reciprocating pump, and nozzles which
were 458 | P a g e connected at the front end of the spraying equipment. A special arrangement
is implemented for adjusting the pressure as low and high with the help of adjusting the nut.
Also the weeding is done by this equipment. In Agricultural sector use of cheap and beneficial
equipment for effective weeding and spraying for increase productivity which is very
important for better contribution for India’s GDP.

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(((((
CONNECTING ROD

A connecting rod is a shaft which connects a piston to a crank or crankshaft in a reciprocating

engine. Together with the crank, it forms a simple mechanism that 5converts reciprocating
motion into rotating motion.

A connecting rod may also convert rotating motion into reciprocating motion, its original
use. Earlier mechanisms, such as the chain, could only impart pulling motion. Being rigid, a
connecting rod may transmit either push or pull, allowing the rod to rotate the crank through
both halves of a revolution. In a few two-stroke engines the connecting rod is only required to
push.

Today, the connecting rod is best known through its use in internal combustion piston engines,
such as automobile engines. These are of a distinctly different design from earlier forms of
connecting rod used in steam engines and steam locomotives.

SPROCKET

A sprocket or sprocket-wheel is a profiled wheel with teeth, or cogs, that mesh with
a chain, track or other perforated or indented material. The name 'sprocket' applies generally to
any wheel upon which radial projections engage a chain passing over it. It is distinguished
from a gear in that sprockets are never meshed together directly, and differs from a pulley in
that sprockets have teeth and pulleys are smooth.

Sprockets are used in bicycles, motorcycles, cars, tracked vehicles, and other machinery either
to transmit rotary motion between two shafts where gears are unsuitable or to impart linear
motion to a track, tape etc. Perhaps the most common form of sprocket may be found in the
bicycle, in which the pedal shaft carries a large sprocket-wheel, which drives a chain, which, in
turn, drives a small sprocket on the axle of the rear wheel. Early automobiles were also largely
driven by sprocket and chain mechanism, a practice largely copied from bicycles.

Sprockets are of various designs, a maximum of efficiency being claimed for each by its
originator. Sprockets typically do not have a flange. Some sprockets used with timing
belts have flanges to keep the timing belt centred. Sprockets and chains are also used for power

14
Transmission from one shaft to another where slippage is not admissible, sprocket chains being
used instead of belts or ropes and sprocket-wheels instead of pulleys. They can be run at high
speed and some forms of chain are so constructed as to be noiseless even at high speed.

BEARING
A bearing is a machine element that constrains relative motion to only the desired motion, and
reduces friction between moving parts. The design of the bearing may, for example, provide
for free linear movement of the moving part or for free rotation around a fixed axis; or, it
may prevent a motion by controlling the vectors of normal forces that bear on the moving
parts. Most bearings facilitate the desired motion by minimizing friction. Bearings are
classified broadly according to the type of operation, the motions allowed, or to the directions
of the loads (forces) applied to the parts.

Rotary bearings hold rotating components such as shafts or axles within mechanical systems,
and transfer axial and radial loads from the source of the load to the structure supporting it. The
simplest form of bearing, the plain bearing, consists of a shaft rotating in a hole. Lubrication is
often used to reduce friction. In the ball bearing and roller bearing, to prevent sliding friction,
rolling elements such as rollers or balls with a circular cross-section are located between the
races or journals of the bearing assembly. A wide variety of bearing designs exists to allow the
demands of the application to be correctly met for maximum efficiency, reliability, durability
and performance.

The term "bearing" is derived from the verb "to bear" a bearing being a machine element that
allows one part to bear (i.e., to support) another. The simplest bearings are bearing surfaces,
cut or formed into a part, with varying degrees of control over the form, size, roughness and
location of the surface. Other bearings are separate devices installed into a machine or machine

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Part. The most sophisticated bearings for the most demanding applications are
very precise devices; their manufacture requires some of the highest standards of current
technology.

BICYCLE CHAIN
A bicycle chain is a roller chain that transfers power from the pedals to the drive-wheel of
a bicycle, thus propelling it. Most bicycle chains are made from plain carbon or alloy steel, but
some are nickel-plated to prevent rust, or simply for aesthetics.

A bicycle chain can be very energy efficient: one study reported efficiencies as high as
98.6%.The study, performed in a clean laboratory environment, found that efficiency was not
greatly affected by the state of lubrication. A larger sprocket will give a more efficient drive,
because moves the point of pressure farther away from the axle, placing less stress on the
bearings, thus reducing friction in the inner wheel. Higher chain tension was found to be more
efficient: "This is actually not in the direction you'd expect, based simply on friction".

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 CHAPTER 4
WORKING OF BICYCLE SPRAYER MACHINE

Working Principle:

 Motion transmission by chain and sprockets arrangement.

 Slider cranks mechanism.

 Rotary motion converted into reciprocating motion.

Above figure shows the assembly of the agricultural reciprocating multi sprayer. The
operator grabs the handle and pushes the cycle forward as cycle moves forward, the
wheel rotate. When the wheel rotates then the gear sprocket mounted on wheel is also
rotate at same speed. The chain drive transfers the motion of gear sprocket to pinion
sprocket. The pinion sprocket and crank is mounted on either side of same shaft, the
rotary motion of shaft is converted into the reciprocating motion with the help of crank
and connecting rod mechanism. The connecting rod is also connected with lever and
then the lever oscillates at fulcrum. The piston connected at fulcrum produce
reciprocating motion in cylinder and the required pressure is achieved. The pesticide

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from tank sucks in cylinder and piston forced the pesticide to nozzle through the pipe;
the numbers of nozzles are connected to spray the pesticide. We can adjust the
pressure, which is required for spraying with the help of special arrangement is to
change the length of crank by providing slot on crank. By providing some adjustment
at joint of connecting rod and lever free rotation of crank or neutral position can be
achieved. Using these adjustments pumping is stop and the wheel rotate freely when
you need not spray pesticide. Height, position and angle of the nozzle can be
adjustable.

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 CHAPTER 5
COST ANALYSIS

S.NO PARTS NO.OF COST OF

PART PART(Rs)

01 Sprayer 01
1000

02 Connecting 01
rod

03 Sprocket 01 80

04 Bearing 02 40*2=80

05 Piston 01 0
bearing

06 Connecting 01 70
chain

07 Pipe 01 0

08 Holding 01 470
stand

09 Other As per
accessories need

Total cost 2000

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 CHAPTER 6

APPLICATION

 The main purpose of this machine is to spray fertilizer..

 Can spray at very large distance.
 We can also use it for sprinkle the water in garden.
 This equipment is also use for cleaning the house and vehicle by spraying.
 As we are focusing and making the equipment basically for spraying the fertilizer, so
can use it in many works.

 Instead of all these if we leave the concept of spraying the fertilizer then by making
small changes in it ,we can use for serving many purposes such as:-
a) We can use it to produce electrical energy at very small scale by using dynamo.
b) With the help of this arrangement we can also use it to produce a low voltage
current to charge mobile phone battery.
c) We can also use it for lifting of small bulb, led, indicator etc.
d) We will also it to run small electronic equipment.

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 ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS

I. ADVANTAGES

There are many advantages of this project which are given below:-

I. Bicycle stand is not fixed for any particular size of wheel.

II. Less water thrower, small bicycle can be used.

III. Very less effort is required.

IV. Here is no awaiting in our project it provides an immediate result.

V. Overall cost is also very less.

VI. We can use it for the domestic purpose also.

VII. That kind of mechanism can be used at multiple places, such as in jam cycling machine
can be utilizes for eclectic lifting of water

VIII. Its best way to attract the people, those are not able to buy costly machines available in
the market.

IX. This project could be very beneficial for the villagers.

II.LIMITATION

A. It is not use for large parameter.

B. It is only works human power so gives input as well as takes output.

C. It is working only continuously.

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 CHAPTER 7

OUTCOMES

1) As we are using renewable form of energy so no any problem of storage and

also it is free of all kinds of pollution.
2) No any kind of waste by-product are produced is there is no any kind of fuel
burn.
3) Manpower is needed to run the machine. So it’s running cost quit negligible.
4) By small changing in design we can make multipurpose project like small
power generation, sprinkling machine.
5) Due to low weight we can carry from one place to another place easily.
6) As we can use old cycle so its cost is low.

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 CHAPTER 8

CONCLUSION

1) The workout energy is of no use, so it converts that wastage energy into usable form
of energy.
2) As we are using renewable form of energy so no any problem of storage and also it
free of all kind of pollution.
3) No any kind of wastage by product is produce as there is no any kind of fuel burn.
4) Manpower is needed to run the machine. So its running cost is quite negligible.
5) The energy exhaust in gym can also be use to produce small ampere & small voltage
current which can be use in mobile battery charging, small rated bulb indicator etc.
6) So the utilization of this energy each of much importance in this era of development.

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 CHAPTER 9
REFERENCES

1. A research paper on “Fabrication of Portable Foot Operated Agricultural

Fertilizers and Pesticides Spraying Pump” by S R Kulkarni, R V Nyamagoud,
Hareesh Naik, Mohan Futane
2. A research paper on “Design, development and fabrication of agricultural
pesticides sprayer with weeder” by Laukik P. Raut, Smit B. Jaiswal, Nitin Y.
Mohite
3. A research paper on “Review of Solar Powered Pesticide Sprayer” by Sarvesh
Kulkarni, Karan Hasurkar, Ramdas Kumbhar, Amol Gonde, Raut A.S.
4. R. Joshua, V. Vasu and P. Vincent “Solar Sprayer - An Agriculture
Implement”, “International Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 2 (1): 16-19,
2010 ISSN 2079-2107”
5. R. D. Fox, R. C. Derksen, “Visual and image system measurement of spray
deposits using water–sensitive paper” Applied Engineering in Agriculture Vol.
19(5): 549–552 2003 American Society of Agricultural Engineers ISSN 0883–
8542
6. M. A. Miller, B. L. Steward, M. L. Westphalen “Effects of multi−mode
four−wheel steering on sprayer machine performance”, American Society of
Agricultural Engineers ISSN 0001−2351 A.
7. Taiwo K. Oje, “Development and testing of a swirl chamber nozzle”, Journal of
Agricultural Engineering and Technology (JAET), Volume 16 (N0. 1) June,
2008
8. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture_in_India
9. http://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/2014-hot-sale-agriculture-sprayer-
tractor_60081039881.html

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